918:
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Few surviving paintings can be attributed to Sittow with certainty, and there are many problems of attribution around his work. Though his biography is well documented, the only works that can be attributed to him with certainty are two rather atypical very small panels from a large series mostly by
449:
The reidentification of portrait as Mary Rose however does not address other two paintings nor does it go in depth over all the details in the painting itself, which brought criticism over museum's acceptance of the new alleged identity. Author of this reidentification even goes as far as to suggest
604:
A 2020 paper called ' The
Apellesâ Line. Narratives and Synergies in the Late Gothic in Castile ' by Olga PĂ©rez MonzĂłn and Matilde Miquel Juan mentions Sittow as one of the artists involved in creating of Retablo de Santiago, ca. 1489-1490, in Capilla de Ălvaro de Luna, Catedral Primada de Toledo.
597:
Most of Sittow's paintings are not signed and dated â the only painting that can be dated with certainty is the portrait of
Christian II of Denmark. There are more than thirty works attributed to Michael Sittow, however, most of them have not been verified by documentation as his.
545:
on the other. In subsequent decades scholars put together a picture of Master
Michiel's career in Spain, the Netherlands and in Denmark, but it was not until 1940 that Estonian-Danish historian Paul Johansen identified the mysterious Master Michiel as Michael Sittow from Reval.
434:(Berlin) may have also used the same model, or taken the portrait as their starting point â the use of members of royal households as models for sacred figures is found in court art in the Netherlands at this time. The "Berlin Virgin" formed the other half of a
318:
When Philip died in 1506, Sittow lost his patron again. In the same year, he returned to Reval, where his stepfather, the glass-maker
Diderick van Katwijk, had seized his parents' houses, as Michael's mother had died in 1501. Van Katwijk had journeyed to the
176:, now capital of Estonia) to a wealthy family. His father was the painter and wood-carver Clawes (Claves, Claes) Sittow (also van der Sittow, or Suttow) and his mother was Margarethe Mölner. He was the eldest of three brothers, followed by Clawes and Jasper.
765:, 1970). The book is written in the form of a judicial inquiry and explores such issues as nationhood, political exile and cultural assimilation. It was awarded the most prestigious short prose award in Estonia, the Friedebert Tuglas Short Story Award.
450:
that
Catherine of Aragon had no reason to wear the symbol of scallops as they are not her emblem, the pomegranate is. Not considering the fact that scallops are a symbol of St. James the Great, patron saint of Spain. Notably, pilgrimage to his shrine in
1386:
Rafael DomĂnguez Casas; Theresa
Earenfight; Michael Gerli; Chiyo Ishikawa; Tess Knighton; Kenneth Kreitner; Elizabeth A. Lehfeldt; Nancy F. Marino; William D. Phillips, Jr.; Emilio Ros-FĂĄbregas; Ronald E. Surtz (2008). Barbara F. Weissberger (ed.).
195:
origin to begin with. It is known that Clawes settled in the
Hanseatic city of Reval in 1454, and became its citizen in 1457. Sittow's father was apparently a wealthy man for an artist, owning several houses in the city, and becoming an
1677:
472:
In 1516 (possibly 1517 or 1518) Michael Sittow returned to
Estonia. In 1518, he married Dorothie, a daughter of a merchant named Allunsze, in Reval. Their son Michel died shortly after birth. In 1523, Sittow became the guildmaster
917:
215:
At first
Michael Sittow studied painting and sculpture in his father's workshop, while attending the city school to learn Latin, arithmetic and singing. After his father's death in 1482, Michel continued his studies in
565:
in a later epoch; a brilliant painter of religious subjects, but of outstanding qualities as a portrait painter. His portraits are among the finest of their time, vivid, candid, crisply elegant and reserved."
828:
1654:
336:
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in 1501 and offered a property settlement to Sittow that the latter refused. As the local court did not support Sittow's claim for inheritance, he had to go to the Court of Higher
Instance in
374:
In 1515, Sittow was again in Spain, this time to claim outstanding debts incurred by Isabella of Castile, and it is significant that in the documentation for his claim he is referred to as
883:
776:
285:, the second highest paid artist, received 20,000 maravedis). Sittow collaborated with Juan de Flandes on the series of small panels of the lives of Christ and the Virgin for the queen.
969:
854:
995:
549:
Michael Sittow specialized mainly in small devotional works and portraits, which sometimes project a melancholy mood. His style is heavily influenced by his teacher
1480:
Paul G. Matthews, âHenry VIIIâs Favourite Sister? Michel Sittowâs Portrait of a Lady in Viennaâ, Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Museums Wien 10 (2008), pp. 140-149.
1442:
1021:
179:
The origins of Sittow's father, Clawes (van der) Sittow, are not clear â his patrilinear ancestors may have arrived in Estonia from the village of Zittow near
1094:
454:
was commemorated by wearing scallops, and it is known Catherine of Aragon made this pilgrimage. Credibility of this reidentification is hence questionable.
465:. When Charles V abdicated from power, he took Sittow's wooden sculpture of the Virgin and three paintings with him to his retirement in the monastery of
557:. Sittow used translucent layers of paint to achieve highly refined and subdued color harmonies, combined with light effects and sensitivity to texture.
1767:
378:, that is "painter of the princess Margaret (of Austria)". It seems likely that this was the case at least a year earlier. In 1514, Sittow visited
277:("Michael the Fleming"), who may have been Michael Sittow. Sittow was the highest-paid painter in the queen's court, receiving a salary of 50,000
327:. He won the case in LĂŒbeck, but could not officially register his parents' houses as his property until the death of his stepfather in 1518.
1490:
246:
Michael Sittow became an independent master between 1488 – 1491/92, although he did not become a master in the local Bruges
288:
Officially Sittow worked for Isabella until her death in 1504, although he had left Spain two years before and was presumably working in
1635:
367:
before becoming a full master craftsman in the guild. Sittow completed various local orders and worked for the St. Peter's Church in
250:. Working as a portrait painter, he travelled in southern Europe, as traits of French and Italian art became apparent in his work.
802:
1762:
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1722:
1398:
1330:
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with the Washington portrait of Diego de Guevara, a Spanish courtier with the Habsburgs, otherwise best known for giving the
224:
from 1484 to 1488. It is thought that he worked as an apprentice in the leading Netherlandish workshop of the German painter
1516:
1353:
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32:
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422:), the daughter of Henry VII, as part of the betrothal negotiations. Previously this portrait has been assumed to be of
1732:
737:
488:
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1631:
1581:
469:. It is possible that Sittow travelled to Spain in an attempt to recover unpaid salary from Queen Isabel of Castile.
312:
261:. Isabella assembled academicians and painters from several countries to her court. Sittow became known as Melchior
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Many of his paintings (mentioned in various documents) and almost all of his sculptures have not been preserved.
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1598:"Centre for the Study of fifteenth-century Painting in the Southern Netherlands and the Principality of LiĂšge"
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137:
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Assumption of the Virgin (panel from the small altarpiece of Queen Isabella of Castile) Washington, D.C.,
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1669:"Jaan Kross: Writer who through his novels sought to restore the national memory of his native Estonia"
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that Sittow inherited from his parents. A memorial to Sittow can be found to the right of the door.
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Early Netherlandish Painting (The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue)
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for Queen Isabella. The attributions of both the portrait (today in Washington, D.C.) called Don
383:
1494:
359:, and married in 1508. Despite being a renowned master in Europe, Sittow was accepted only as a
1641:
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451:
386:. The portrait was part of the diplomacy for the betrothal of Christian II to Margaret's niece
205:
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Ascension (panel from the small altarpiece of Queen Isabella of Castile) (Private Collection)
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in northern Spain; valued member of the Habsburg court in Burgundy), and the painting of the
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1747:
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in Reval between 20 December 1525 and 20 January 1526. He is buried in the cemetery of the
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8:
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of Reval in 1479. Clawes Sittow married Margarethe Mölner in 1468. Sittow's mother was a
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Suggestions that Sittow may have visited London in about 1503â05 to paint portraits of
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1577:
1394:
1326:
1216:
1209:
Michel Sittow, 1469-1525: The Artist Connecting Estonia with the Southern Netherlands
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169:
1325:. Eesti kunsti ajalugu (in Estonian). Vol. 2. Estonia: Eesti Kunstiakadeemia.
1135:
575:
562:
480:
320:
37:
571:
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282:
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152:. He is considered one of the most important Netherlandish painters of the era.
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and daughter of a wealthy merchant Olef Mölner (Olef Andersson Mölnare) from
394:
is probably a copy of a lost original or a second copy ordered from Sittow.
183:, Germany; it has also been suggested that he may have been either of local
1601:
1443:"Case study 4 â new research on the Gallery's earliest portrait: Henry VII"
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518:
The name of Michael Sittow was nearly unknown for centuries, until in 1914
331:
225:
87:
621:
Portrait of Diego de Guevara (right wing of a diptych), Washington, D.C.,
1655:
Case study 4 - new research on the Gallery's earliest portrait: Henry VII
707:
614:
Virgin and Child (left wing of a diptych, possibly Catherine of Aragon),
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140:. For most of his life, Sittow worked as a court portrait painter, for
1427:
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According to some sources, in 1514 Sittow also painted a portrait of
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324:
289:
145:
128:, Michiel, Miguel, and several other variants, was a painter from
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435:
368:
221:
209:
188:
133:
129:
1414:
Weinberger, Martin (September 1948). "Notes on MaĂźtre Michiel".
1128:
Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts of the City of Detroit
1706:
693:
686:
531:
217:
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553:
and also show influence of the elegance found in portraits by
457:
From the Netherlands, Sittow returned to Spain and worked for
466:
247:
165:
63:
1571:
1422:(546). The Burlington Magazine Publications, Ltd.: 247â253.
461:, followed in 1516 by the Spanish King Carlos I, the future
148:
relatives in Spain and the Netherlands, and other prominent
1622:
Campbell, Lorne, National Gallery Catalogues (new series):
749:
Michael Sittow (as Michel Sittow) is the main character in
618:, now separated from the other wing, which is the next item
479:) of the Guild of Saint Canute. Michael Sittow died of the
526:, court painter of Queen Isabella, is the author of the
1121:"Catherine of Aragon as the Magdalen by Master Michiel"
634:
Portrait of Christian II, King of Denmark (Copenhagen,
474:
1207:
MĂ€nd, Anu; Risthein, Helena (2001). Tiina Abel (ed.).
732:
Among works no longer considered to be by Sittow are:
426:, painted in 1503-1505. Two other Sittow paintings of
740:), possibly a contemporary copy of a Sittow original.
578:(d. Brussels 1520, a nobleman whose family came from
561:
described Sittow's work "/../an artist somewhat like
1667:
1176:"Portrait of a Man in a Red Hat by Master Michiel"
590:, are nearly certain, as Diego's illegitimate son
376:pintor criado de madama la prinçesa doña Margarita
1626:, pp 237-8, National Gallery Publications, 1998,
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
265:("the German") in the court, although letters of
1714:
1002:Saint James the Great and the Virgin with Child
160:Michael Sittow was born in 1468 or 1469 in the
1339:
1624:The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings
1393:. MonografĂas A. Tamesis Books. p. 140.
1381:
1379:
1320:
1471:, Grove Art Online, accessed 31 January 2008
1206:
390:. The portrait that is held in Copenhagen's
1576:. Cambridge University Press. p. 228.
665:Virgin and Child with St. Bernard (Madrid,
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1173:
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594:mentions his father's portrait by Sittow.
502:
31:
1768:16th-century deaths from plague (disease)
1523:. National Gallery of Art. Archived from
1360:. National Gallery of Art. Archived from
1291:"Michel Sittow â meie esimene eurooplane"
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1288:
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1050:
736:Portrait of Henry VII, King of England (
672:Portrait of a Man with a Pearl (Madrid,
506:
446:, governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
396:
230:
1665:
1572:John Oliver Hand; Martha Wolff (1986).
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1229:
1109:
1715:
1202:
1200:
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1196:
1154:
1703:2 artworks by or after Michael Sittow
1183:Bulletin of Detroit Institute of Arts
586:which together with it once formed a
1545:
1316:
1314:
1312:
292:for the queen's Habsburg son-in-law
136:who was trained in the tradition of
1193:
679:Christ Carrying the Cross, Moscow,
641:Portrait of a noblewoman, possibly
401:Portrait of a noblewoman, possibly
330:In 1507, Michael Sittow joined the
13:
1546:Paul, Richard (13 November 2006).
1517:"Portrait of Diego de Guevara (?)"
1440:
1323:Eesti kunsti ajalugu. 2, 1520â1770
738:National Portrait Gallery (London)
14:
1784:
1696:
1666:Thomson, Ian (29 December 2007).
1309:
685:Coronation of the Virgin (Paris,
313:National Portrait Gallery, London
302:Philibert the Good, Duke of Savoy
1680:from the original on 14 May 2022
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1289:Liivrand, Harry (13 May 2004).
444:Archduchess Margaret of Austria
298:Archduchess Margaret of Austria
1493:. Getty Museum. Archived from
1087:
1028:Saint Adrian and Saint Anthony
976:Portrait of a Man with a Pearl
763:Neli monoloogi PĂŒha JĂŒri asjus
716:, a version of a lost work by
706:Portrait of a Man, The Hague,
522:put forward a hypothesis that
1:
1763:16th-century Flemish painters
1644:in London (National Gallery).
1297:(in Estonian). EkspressMeedia
1080:
1075:St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn
1031:
1005:
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953:
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901:
867:
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786:
755:Four Monologues on St. George
701:St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn
513:St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn
463:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
405:
236:
235:Portrait of a Man by Sittow (
117:
55:
41:
1753:16th-century Estonian people
1723:Early Netherlandish painters
1095:"Union List of Artist Names"
1070:Early Netherlandish painting
627:Virgin and Child (Budapest,
363:and was required to paint a
138:Early Netherlandish painting
120:1469 â 1525), also known as
106:Early Netherlandish painting
7:
1653:National Portrait Gallery,
1449:. National Portrait Gallery
1447:Making Art in Tudor Britain
1354:"Michel Sittow â biography"
1321:Krista Kodres, ed. (2005).
1140:10.1086/BULLDETINST41501098
1046:
783:Virgin with Child and Apple
724:The National Gallery of Art
692:Portrait of a Lady (Paris,
655:Catherine of Aragon as the
623:The National Gallery of Art
416:Mary Tudor, Queen of France
382:, to paint the portrait of
257:for Isabella of Castile as
253:From 1492 Sittow worked in
10:
1789:
1634:. another version is the
1174:Richardson, E. P. (1958).
1119:Richardson, E. P. (1940).
1065:Artists of the Tudor court
768:
315:) are no longer accepted.
1733:Flemish portrait painters
1390:Queen Isabel I of Castile
1249:Risthein, Helena (2005).
987:Royal Collections Gallery
890:Portrait of a noblewoman,
846:Detroit Institute of Arts
674:Royal Collections Gallery
661:Detroit Institute of Arts
489:Church of the Holy Spirit
300:, painting a portrait of
101:
93:
83:
71:
51:
30:
23:
961:Kunsthistorisches Museum
935:Statens Museum for Kunst
924:Portrait of Christian II
909:Kunsthistorisches Museum
835:A Young Man in a Red Cap
820:Kunsthistorisches Museum
714:Kunsthistorisches Museum
651:Kunsthistorisches Museum
636:Statens Museum for Kunst
420:Kunsthistorisches Museum
392:Statens Museum for Kunst
273:speak also of a painter
78:Reval (Tallinn), Estonia
1548:"Medieval Meets Modern"
1416:The Burlington Magazine
1211:. Eesti Kunstimuuseum (
875:National Gallery of Art
503:Works by Michael Sittow
475:
384:Christian II of Denmark
155:
1642:Geertgen tot Sint Jans
1097:. Getty Research. 2004
1060:
762:
616:GemÀldegalerie, Berlin
515:
511:Passion Altarpiece in
499:) in Tallinn (Reval).
496:
459:Ferdinand II of Aragon
452:Santiago de Compostela
411:
352:
344:
243:
173:
1055:One of the houses in
1054:
1041:(Niguliste), Tallinn.
1015:(Niguliste), Tallinn.
667:Museo LĂĄzaro Galdiano
510:
400:
332:Guild of Saint Canute
234:
1738:Artists from Tallinn
794:SzĂ©pmƱvĂ©szeti MĂșzeum
699:Passion Altarpiece (
629:SzĂ©pmƱvĂ©szeti MĂșzeum
296:and daughter-in-law
1604:on 25 December 2008
1552:The Washington Post
1257:on 26 December 2008
1213:Estonian Art Museum
1039:Eesti Kunstimuuseum
1013:Eesti Kunstimuuseum
950:Portrait of a woman
926:, King of Denmark,
898:Catherine of Aragon
647:Catherine of Aragon
424:Catherine of Aragon
418:(now in the Vienna
403:Catherine of Aragon
388:Isabella of Austria
294:Philip the Handsome
271:Margaret of Austria
142:Isabella of Castile
97:Painting, Portraits
1061:
712:Nativity, Vienna,
542:Order of Calatrava
538:on one side and a
520:Max J. FriedlÀnder
516:
440:Arnolfini Portrait
430:(Detroit) and the
412:
267:Emperor Maximilian
244:
66:(Tallinn), Estonia
1773:Catholic painters
1728:Estonian painters
1637:Nativity at Night
1400:978-1-85566-159-2
1332:978-9985-9600-2-8
1222:978-9985-78-255-2
877:, Washington D.C.
718:Hugo van der Goes
592:Felipe de Guevara
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1600:. Archived from
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1491:"Michael Sittow"
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584:Virgin and Child
576:Diego de Guevara
563:Anthony van Dyck
559:E. P. Richardson
536:Virgin and Child
534:, depicting the
530:discovered near
478:
410:
407:
353:PĂŒha Kanuti gild
339:
321:Duchy of Brabant
241:
238:
119:
60:
57:
46:
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38:Diego de Guevara
35:
21:
20:
16:Estonian painter
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1674:The Independent
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1441:Nairne, Sandy.
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1251:"Michel Sittow"
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771:
747:
611:
572:Juan de Flandes
505:
497:PĂŒhavaimu kirik
408:
357:painters' guild
345:St. Kanutigilde
335:
283:Juan de Flandes
275:Mychel Flamenco
239:
206:Swedish-speaker
158:
79:
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61:
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47:
44:
26:
17:
12:
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1758:Court painters
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1698:
1697:External links
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1646:
1615:
1589:
1582:
1564:
1538:
1521:The Collection
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1497:on 29 May 2010
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540:Knight of the
524:Master Michiel
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202:artists' guild
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122:Master Michiel
114:Michael Sittow
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1673:
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1592:
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1525:the original
1520:
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1495:the original
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551:Hans Memling
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1748:1525 deaths
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957: 1515
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871: 1500
842: 1512
816: 1510
796:, Budapest.
790: 1489
708:Mauritshuis
432:Virgin Mary
371:, Finland.
365:masterpiece
240: 1510
59: 1469
45: 1517
40:by Sittow,
1717:Categories
1081:References
894:Mary Tudor
862:Assumption
751:Jaan Kross
649:, Vienna,
643:Mary Tudor
380:Copenhagen
361:journeyman
220:in modern
191:, or even
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963:, Vienna.
911:, Vienna.
892:possibly
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657:Magdalene
580:Santander
485:almshouse
476:Aldermann
337:âčSee Tfdâș
309:Henry VII
279:maravedis
162:Hanseatic
132:(Reval),
84:Education
1678:Archived
1047:See also
809:Nativity
759:Estonian
493:Estonian
349:Estonian
290:Flanders
281:a year (
198:assessor
185:Estonian
170:Estonian
164:city of
146:Habsburg
144:and her
102:Movement
1187:XXXVIII
1057:Tallinn
769:Gallery
588:diptych
528:diptych
487:of the
436:diptych
369:Siuntio
222:Belgium
210:Finland
200:in the
193:Flemish
174:Tallinn
134:Livonia
130:Tallinn
1707:Art UK
1684:25 May
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1557:29 May
1531:29 May
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1453:29 May
1428:869890
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1301:22 May
1261:25 May
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1101:25 May
694:Louvre
687:Louvre
532:Burgos
481:plague
341:German
325:LĂŒbeck
263:AlemĂĄn
218:Bruges
189:German
181:Wismar
1424:JSTOR
1179:(PDF)
1144:S2CID
1124:(PDF)
467:Yuste
248:guild
166:Reval
64:Reval
1709:site
1686:2009
1628:ISBN
1610:2009
1578:ISBN
1559:2009
1533:2009
1503:2009
1455:2009
1395:ISBN
1370:2009
1327:ISBN
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1263:2009
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269:and
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