3110:
3099:
3105:
475:
3116:
133:
109:
3139:
720:
536:
527:) have been dated to the early Cretaceous and at that time would have been part of a temperate wetland ecosystem threatened by frequent volcanic eruptions. Like other dromaeosaurids, microraptorians were carnivores with relatively large, serrated teeth and a hyperextendable second toe equipped with a curved claw.
605:
The fossilization conditions of the Jehol group are very accommodating to the preservation of soft structures in fossils, and as a result, many microraptorians have been preserved with a covering of feathers. Not only have long, advanced feathers been preserved on the arms and tails of many
581:
had unusually short arms by dromaeosaurid standards. Considering this, the small size and long wings of some microraptorians likely are examples of convergent evolution with other small
517:, or a sister taxon (not a member) of microraptorians by other researchers. They are sometimes referred to as "Liaoning dromaeosaursids", even though it is uncertain whether
1233:
Kim, Kyung Soo; Lim, Jong Deock; Lockley, Martin G.; Xing, Lida; Kim, Dong Hee; Piñuela, Laura; Romilio, Anthony; Yoo, Jae Sang; Kim, Jin Ho; Ahn, Jaehong (2018-11-15).
2242:"Expand and Life history of a basal bird: morphometrics of the Early Cretaceous Confuciusornis" Luis M Chiappe, Jesús Marugán-Lobón, Shu'an Ji & Zhonghe Zhou (2008)
1890:
Federico L. Agnolín & Fernando E. Novas (2013). "Avian ancestors. A review of the phylogenetic relationships of the theropods
Unenlagiidae, Microraptoria,
1329:
744:
family-group taxon, should the group be found to lie outside the
Dromaeosauridae proper. Sereno offered a revised definition of the subgroup containing
736:, though some consider the group to be outside the dromaeosaurid family. Senter and colleagues expressly coined the name without the subfamily suffix
573:, were larger and similar to other dromaeosaurids in size. Many microraptorians also had long and robust arms and legs, in contrast to the stockier
1495:"A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution"
755:
The cladogram below follows a 2012 analysis by paleontologists Phil Senter, James I. Kirkland, Donald D. DeBlieux, Scott Madsen and
Natalie Toth.
2119:
Senter, Phil; Barsbold, R.; Britt, Brooks B.; Burnham, David B. (2004). "Systematics and evolution of
Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda)".
456:
powered fliers, some of which were even capable of launching from the ground. Most microraptorians were relatively small; adult specimens of
2141:
1628:"New Dromaeosaurid Dinosaur (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from New Mexico and Biodiversity of Dromaeosaurids at the end of the Cretaceous"
2313:
2292:
1841:
Han, Gang; Chiappe, Luis M.; Ji, Shu-An; Habib, Michael; Turner, Alan H.; Chinsamy, Anusuya; Liu, Xueling; Han, Lizhuo (2014-07-15).
606:
specimens, but a few species even have long feathers on their legs. This condition has also been seen in other paravians such as
610:, and has caused these kinds of dinosaurs to be labelled as "four-winged dinosaurs". The largest known "four-winged" dinosaur,
2098:
1911:
748:
to ensure that it would fall within the
Dromaeosauridae, and erected the subfamily Microraptorinae, attributing it to Senter
2265:
2160:"New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail"
1567:
Hartman, Scott; Mortimer, Mickey; Wahl, William R.; Lomax, Dean R.; Lippincott, Jessica; Lovelace, David M. (2019-07-10).
462:
range between 77–90 centimetres long (2.53–2.95 ft) and weigh up to 1 kg (2.2 lb), making them some of the
623:
possibly were able to use these wings to glide or take off from the ground, and perhaps even capable of powered flight.
3132:
1551:
1213:
1936:
491:(popularly known as "raptors") with slender proportions and long limbs. All definitive members have been found in the
1843:"A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance"
1685:
Agnolín, Federico L.; Motta, Matias J.; Brissón Egli, Federico; Lo Coco, Gastón; Novas, Fernando E. (2019-02-12).
2253:
1786:"A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol Group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution"
1333:
752:, though this usage has only appeared on his online TaxonSearch database and has not been formally published.
3098:
2285:
1569:"A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight"
3109:
3115:
2259:
1412:
132:
3104:
1359:"The wings before the bird: an evaluation of flapping-based locomotory hypotheses in bird antecedents"
3219:
2389:
2278:
3196:
2158:
Senter, P.; Kirkland, J. I.; Deblieux, D. D.; Madsen, S.; Toth, N. (2012). Dodson, Peter (ed.).
2078:
3159:
2138:
3191:
3142:
1033:
2443:
2171:
2023:
1937:"High flyer or high fashion? A comparison of flight potential among small-bodied paravians"
1854:
1753:
1639:
1444:
1246:
561:
being among the smallest nonavian dinosaurs known. However, some microraptorians, such as
8:
2860:
2012:"A microraptorine (Dinosauria–Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America"
1935:
Dececchi, T. Alexander; Larsson, Hans C. E.; Pittman, Michael; Habib, Michael B. (2020).
855:
496:
2266:
http://theropoddatabase.blogspot.com/2010/03/article-1311-means-lewisuchinaeidae-is.html
2175:
2027:
1995:
1858:
1757:
1643:
1448:
1250:
523:
from the same locality is a microraptorian. These formations (collectively known as the
2597:
2416:
2194:
2159:
2054:
2011:
1917:
1818:
1785:
1662:
1627:
1603:
1568:
1519:
1494:
1467:
1385:
1358:
1275:
1234:
373:
127:
1410:
Dinosaurs: The Most
Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
3057:
2948:
2884:
2780:
2573:
2199:
2094:
2059:
2041:
1982:
1921:
1907:
1872:
1823:
1805:
1718:
1667:
1608:
1590:
1547:
1524:
1472:
1390:
1280:
1262:
342:
577:, although long arms are not universal to the group, since the basal microraptorian
2981:
2927:
2787:
2765:
2226:
2221:(Dinosauria: Dromaeosauridae) from the Jiufotang Formation in northeastern China".
2189:
2179:
2086:
2049:
2031:
1990:
1974:
1962:
1899:
1862:
1813:
1797:
1761:
1708:
1698:
1657:
1647:
1598:
1580:
1514:
1506:
1462:
1452:
1425:
1380:
1370:
1311:
1270:
1254:
1235:"Smallest known raptor tracks suggest microraptorine activity in lakeshore setting"
1109:
877:
741:
680:
In addition, several features are present in microraptorines with the exception of
670:
557:
492:
480:
445:
363:
321:
2230:
1299:
642:
Microraptorines can be distinguished from other dromaeosaurids by these features:
3041:
2895:
2798:
2511:
2489:
2455:
2374:
2301:
2184:
2145:
1201:
1016:
892:
842:
762:
733:
664:
574:
510:
500:
488:
427:
216:
2090:
3182:
2699:
1652:
1258:
474:
1903:
1766:
1737:
1315:
3213:
3020:
2934:
2826:
2811:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2661:
2654:
2583:
2254:
http://www.paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=143267
2045:
1986:
1809:
1784:
Zheng, Xiaoting; Xu, Xing; You, Hailu; Zhao, Qi; Dong, Zhiming (2010-01-22).
1722:
1703:
1686:
1594:
1266:
1092:
960:
612:
593:
569:
541:
505:
463:
289:
279:
258:
59:
2036:
1978:
1457:
3079:
2990:
2911:
2904:
2869:
2848:
2833:
2772:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2615:
2562:
2547:
2203:
2063:
1876:
1827:
1801:
1671:
1612:
1528:
1476:
1394:
1284:
1075:
936:
799:
705:
698:
654:
563:
519:
352:
331:
108:
3034:
3012:
2963:
2919:
2876:
2841:
2819:
2758:
2669:
2604:
2428:
1626:
Jasinski, Steven E.; Sullivan, Robert M.; Dodson, Peter (December 2020).
991:
725:
619:
551:
524:
458:
300:
118:
34:
2260:
http://www.taxonsearch.org/dev/taxon_edit.php?tax_id=483&Action=View
1736:
Jin, F.; Zhang, F.C.; Li, Z.H.; Zhang, J.Y.; Li, C.; Zhou, Z.H. (2008).
1713:
1426:"Biplane wing planform and flight performance of the feathered dinosaur
3027:
3004:
2956:
2707:
2676:
2554:
2532:
2340:
2331:
1867:
1842:
1585:
1375:
1196:
In a 2024 paper which reported the smallest known juvenile specimen of
776:
587:
452:. Many are known for long feathers on their legs and may have been semi
190:
79:
44:
1510:
3065:
2997:
2692:
2684:
2590:
2401:
2349:
437:
203:
144:
84:
3153:
1889:
719:
3176:
3049:
2970:
2941:
2715:
2525:
2325:
1963:"Functional constraints on the number and shape of flight feathers"
689:
453:
433:
430:
268:
177:
164:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
2270:
1687:"Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview"
1300:"Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress and New Frontiers"
3072:
2358:
1790:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London B: Biological Sciences
647:
582:
514:
89:
64:
535:
2647:
2539:
2319:
1742:
and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota"
1684:
822:
441:
310:
154:
97:
549:
Most microraptorians were small dinosaurs, with taxa such as
449:
423:
2223:
Historical
Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology
2157:
1934:
2217:
Wang, R.; Pei, R. (2024). "The smallest known specimen of
2118:
1544:
A Field Guide to
Mesozoic Birds and Other Winged Dinosaurs
1542:
Martyniuk, Matthew P. (2012). "Restoring
Mesozoic Birds".
1352:
1350:
499:
Formations of Liaoning County of China, and the putative
1566:
1330:"辽西下白垩统热河群一新微型驰龙类恐龙和热河生物群驰龙类的生态位分化----中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所"
2010:
Longrich, Nicholas R.; Currie, Philip J. (2009-03-31).
684:, which is believed to be a basal member of the clade:
1961:
Kiat, Yosef; O’Connor, Jingmai K. (20 February 2024).
1625:
1347:
1356:
694:
Significantly shortened penultimate manual phalanges
509:
from North America is subsequently classified as an
359:
348:
338:
327:
317:
306:
296:
285:
275:
264:
254:
2085:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 49–57,
122:, with white arrows pointing at preserved feathers
1944:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
1304:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
732:Microraptoria is usually classified as a clade of
617:is a microraptorian. Some microraptorians such as
2077:Agnolín, Federico L.; Novas, Fernando E. (2013),
1840:
1423:
1232:
3211:
2121:Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History
2016:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1967:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1735:
1437:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
478:NGMC 91, believed to be a juvenile specimen of
2509:
2373:
2112:
2009:
1783:
436:. Definitive microraptorians lived during the
2286:
1417:
1357:Dececchi, TA; Larsson, HC; Habib, MB (2016).
2076:
1960:
1200:, Wang and Pei included microraptorians and
2151:
1493:Lü, Junchang; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2015).
2293:
2279:
2131:
1492:
740:to avoid perceived issues with erecting a
626:
107:
2193:
2183:
2053:
2035:
1994:
1866:
1817:
1765:
1712:
1702:
1661:
1651:
1602:
1584:
1541:
1518:
1466:
1456:
1384:
1374:
1297:
1274:
701:extending ventral to the ischial peduncle
1402:
718:
710:A strongly anteriorly curved pubic shaft
534:
473:
2216:
1896:SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences
530:
3212:
1488:
1486:
1424:Chatterjee, S.; Templin, R.J. (2007).
545:, a large "four-winged" microraptorine
487:Microraptorians were a group of basal
3158:
3157:
2312:
2274:
1779:
1777:
704:Lateral projections halfway down the
464:smallest known non-avialan dinosaurs
2300:
1483:
1298:Pittman, Michael; Xu, Xing (2020).
660:A shortened first digit of the hand
13:
1774:
1214:Timeline of dromaeosaurid research
1204:within a new clade Serraraptoria.
14:
3231:
2246:
714:
3138:
3137:
3114:
3108:
3103:
3097:
650:laterally sculpted by small pits
131:
32:
2210:
2070:
2003:
1954:
1928:
1883:
1834:
1729:
1678:
1619:
673:III with a pinched proximal end
2148:[version 1.0, November 7, 2005
1560:
1535:
1322:
1291:
1226:
469:
1:
2231:10.1080/08912963.2024.2385604
1219:
688:A large oval fenestra in the
2185:10.1371/journal.pone.0036790
2139:Stem Archosauria—TaxonSearch
1546:. Pan Aves. pp. 32–52.
1408:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011)
7:
2091:10.1007/978-94-007-5637-3_5
1207:
723:Artist's reconstruction of
600:
10:
3236:
1894:and Scansoriopterygidae".
1691:Frontiers in Earth Science
1653:10.1038/s41598-020-61480-7
1259:10.1038/s41598-018-35289-4
16:Extinct clade of dinosaurs
3166:
3127:
3095:
2980:
2894:
2859:
2806:
2797:
2725:
2614:
2572:
2520:
2505:
2486:
2454:
2436:
2427:
2409:
2400:
2382:
2369:
2308:
1904:10.1007/978-94-007-5637-3
1767:10.1007/s11434-008-0209-5
1316:10.1206/0003-0090.440.1.1
1106:
1089:
1072:
1065:
1030:
1013:
1006:
988:
981:
974:
957:
950:
933:
926:
890:
875:
868:
853:
846:
836:
819:
812:
797:
790:
773:
766:
697:The posterior end of the
422:: "one who seizes") is a
379:
372:
251:
246:
128:Scientific classification
126:
115:
106:
23:
1746:Chinese Science Bulletin
1704:10.3389/feart.2018.00252
1505:: Article number 11775.
585:and early birds such as
2037:10.1073/pnas.0811664106
1979:10.1073/pnas.2306639121
1458:10.1073/pnas.0609975104
676:A slender metatarsal II
663:A splatulate (rounded)
627:Characteristic features
1802:10.1098/rspb.2009.1178
729:
546:
539:A life restoration of
484:
3192:Paleobiology Database
1847:Nature Communications
1413:Winter 2010 Appendix.
1034:Microraptor zhaoianus
722:
538:
477:
116:Fossil specimen of a
2137:Sereno, P. C. 2005.
653:A very short manual
531:Size and proportions
2861:Saurornitholestinae
2176:2012PLoSO...736790S
2028:2009PNAS..106.5002L
1859:2014NatCo...5.4382H
1758:2008SciBu..53.2820J
1738:"On the horizon of
1644:2020NatSR..10.5105J
1449:2007PNAS..104.1576C
1251:2018NatSR...816908K
856:Saurornitholestinae
2144:2009-01-15 at the
1868:10.1038/ncomms5382
1632:Scientific Reports
1586:10.7717/peerj.7247
1499:Scientific Reports
1376:10.7717/peerj.2159
1239:Scientific Reports
730:
547:
485:
418:: "small"; Latin,
3207:
3206:
3160:Taxon identifiers
3151:
3150:
3123:
3122:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3058:Saurornitholestes
2949:Saurornitholestes
2885:Saurornitholestes
2574:Halszkaraptorinae
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2100:978-94-007-5636-6
2022:(13): 5002–5007.
1913:978-94-007-5636-6
1796:(1679): 211–217.
1752:(18): 2820–2827.
1511:10.1038/srep11775
1202:eudromaeosaurians
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
912:
911:
903:
902:
409:
408:
403:
391:
242:
101:
3227:
3200:
3199:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3155:
3154:
3141:
3140:
3118:
3112:
3107:
3101:
2982:Velociraptorinae
2928:Dromaeosauroides
2804:
2803:
2788:Zhongjianosaurus
2766:Sinornithosaurus
2518:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2434:
2433:
2407:
2406:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2310:
2309:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2235:
2234:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2197:
2187:
2155:
2149:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2039:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1588:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1443:(5): 1576–1580.
1434:
1421:
1415:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1332:. Archived from
1326:
1320:
1319:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1230:
1110:Sinornithosaurus
1068:
1067:
1009:
1008:
984:
983:
977:
976:
953:
952:
929:
928:
878:Velociraptorinae
871:
870:
849:
848:
839:
838:
815:
814:
793:
792:
769:
768:
759:
758:
639:
638:
634:
558:Zhongjianosaurus
511:eudromaeosaurian
481:Sinornithosaurus
446:Early Cretaceous
414:(Greek, μίκρος,
397:
385:
364:Zhongjianosaurus
361:
350:
340:
329:
322:Sinornithosaurus
319:
308:
298:
287:
277:
266:
256:
236:
231:
215:
136:
135:
111:
95:
94:
31:
30:Barremian–Aptian
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3220:Microraptorians
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3162:
3152:
3147:
3119:
3085:
3042:Luanchuanraptor
2976:
2896:Dromaeosaurinae
2890:
2855:
2799:Eudromaeosauria
2793:
2721:
2610:
2568:
2514:
2512:Dromaeosauridae
2493:
2490:Dromaeosauridae
2470:
2456:Dromaeosauridae
2450:
2423:
2396:
2390:Avemetatarsalia
2375:Avemetatarsalia
2365:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2302:Dromaeosauridae
2299:
2249:
2239:
2238:
2215:
2211:
2156:
2152:
2146:Wayback Machine
2136:
2132:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2083:Avian Ancestors
2075:
2071:
2008:
2004:
1959:
1955:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1914:
1888:
1884:
1839:
1835:
1782:
1775:
1734:
1730:
1683:
1679:
1624:
1620:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1540:
1536:
1491:
1484:
1432:
1428:Microraptor gui
1422:
1418:
1407:
1403:
1355:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1296:
1292:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1210:
1194:
1185:
1176:
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1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1055:
1046:
1017:Microraptor gui
913:
904:
893:Dromaeosaurinae
843:Eudromaeosauria
763:Dromaeosauridae
734:Dromaeosauridae
717:
665:pubic symphysis
640:
636:
632:
630:
629:
603:
555:and especially
533:
501:Late Cretaceous
472:
383:Microraptorinae
235:
229:
217:Dromaeosauridae
213:
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102:
93:
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87:
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77:
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67:
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24:Microraptorians
17:
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3233:
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3188:
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3054:
3046:
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3024:
3017:
3009:
3001:
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2986:
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2755:
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2723:
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2700:Unquillosaurus
2696:
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2247:External links
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2002:
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1853:: ncomms5382.
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715:Classification
713:
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695:
692:
678:
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674:
667:
661:
658:
651:
628:
625:
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471:
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444:stages of the
407:
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395:Microraptorini
392:
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3217:
3215:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3168:Microraptoria
3165:
3161:
3156:
3144:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3021:Kansaignathus
3018:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2939:
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2936:
2935:Dromaeosaurus
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2882:
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2878:
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2871:
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2866:
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2862:
2858:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2827:Dineobellator
2824:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:Hesperonychus
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:Graciliraptor
2741:
2739:
2738:
2737:Changyuraptor
2734:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:Microraptoria
2724:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:Ornithodesmus
2659:
2657:
2656:
2655:Neuquenraptor
2652:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
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2617:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2584:Halszkaraptor
2581:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2549:
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2255:
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2213:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:(5): e36790.
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2102:
2096:
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2017:
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1353:
1351:
1336:on 2017-04-11
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1331:
1325:
1317:
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1294:
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1211:
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1199:
1189:
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1135:
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1126:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:Graciliraptor
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
993:
986:
985:
979:
978:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
962:
961:Hesperonychus
955:
954:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
938:
931:
930:
924:
923:Microraptoria
921:
920:
917:
916:
908:
907:
899:
898:
895:
894:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
873:
872:
866:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
851:
850:
844:
841:
840:
834:
833:
830:
829:
826:
825:
824:
817:
816:
810:
809:
806:
805:
802:
801:
795:
794:
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
778:
771:
770:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
728:
727:
721:
709:
707:
703:
700:
696:
693:
691:
687:
686:
685:
683:
675:
672:
668:
666:
662:
659:
656:
652:
649:
645:
644:
643:
635:
624:
622:
621:
616:
614:
613:Changyuraptor
609:
598:
596:
595:
594:Archaeopteryx
590:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:
570:Changyuraptor
566:
565:
560:
559:
554:
553:
544:
543:
542:Changyuraptor
537:
528:
526:
522:
521:
516:
512:
508:
507:
506:Hesperonychus
502:
498:
494:
490:
483:
482:
476:
467:
465:
461:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
429:
428:dromaeosaurid
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:Microraptoria
401:
396:
393:
389:
384:
381:
380:
378:
375:
371:
366:
365:
358:
355:
354:
347:
345:
344:
337:
334:
333:
326:
324:
323:
316:
313:
312:
305:
303:
302:
295:
292:
291:
290:Hesperonychus
284:
282:
281:
280:Graciliraptor
274:
271:
270:
263:
261:
260:
259:Changyuraptor
253:
252:
250:
245:
240:
234:
233:Microraptoria
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
125:
121:
120:
114:
110:
105:
100:trace fossils
99:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
3167:
3102:
3080:Velociraptor
3078:
3071:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2996:
2991:Acheroraptor
2989:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2918:
2912:Dakotaraptor
2910:
2905:Achillobator
2903:
2883:
2875:
2870:Atrociraptor
2868:
2849:Zhenyuanlong
2847:
2840:
2834:Tianyuraptor
2832:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2786:
2779:
2773:Tianyuraptor
2771:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2726:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2640:Dakotaraptor
2638:
2633:Buitreraptor
2631:
2626:Austroraptor
2624:
2616:Unenlagiinae
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2563:Zhenyuanlong
2561:
2553:
2548:Tianyuraptor
2546:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2488:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2133:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2104:, retrieved
2082:
2079:"Discussion"
2072:
2019:
2015:
2005:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1947:
1943:
1930:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1793:
1789:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1714:11336/130197
1694:
1690:
1680:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1543:
1537:
1502:
1498:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1419:
1409:
1404:
1366:
1362:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:the original
1324:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1245:(1): 16908.
1242:
1238:
1228:
1197:
1195:
1108:
1107:
1091:
1090:
1076:Cryptovolans
1074:
1073:
1032:
1031:
1015:
1014:
990:
989:
959:
958:
937:Tianyuraptor
935:
934:
922:
891:
876:
854:
821:
820:
800:Unenlagiinae
798:
775:
774:
754:
749:
745:
737:
731:
724:
682:Tianyuraptor
681:
679:
641:
618:
611:
607:
604:
592:
586:
579:Tianyuraptor
578:
568:
564:Tianyuraptor
562:
556:
550:
548:
540:
520:Zhenyuanlong
518:
504:
486:
479:
457:
419:
415:
411:
410:
399:
394:
387:
382:
362:
353:Zhenyuanlong
351:
341:
332:Tianyuraptor
330:
320:
309:
299:
288:
278:
267:
257:
238:
232:
223:
197:
184:
171:
117:
18:
3035:Linheraptor
3013:Deinonychus
2964:Yurgovuchia
2920:Deinonychus
2877:Bambiraptor
2842:Vectiraptor
2820:Bambiraptor
2759:Microraptor
2670:Pamparaptor
2605:Natovenator
2444:Maniraptora
2429:Maniraptora
2219:Microraptor
1740:Protopteryx
1638:(1): 5105.
1198:Microraptor
992:Microraptor
746:Microraptor
742:traditional
726:Microraptor
620:Microraptor
552:Microraptor
525:Jehol Biota
470:Description
459:Microraptor
301:Microraptor
119:Microraptor
3131:See also:
3005:Boreonykus
2957:Utahraptor
2708:Variraptor
2677:Pyroraptor
2555:Variraptor
2533:Pyroraptor
2465:see below↓
2341:Dinosauria
2332:Sauropsida
2106:2024-06-20
1950:: 295–320.
1892:Anchiornis
1340:2017-04-11
1220:References
777:Xiaotingia
671:metatarsal
608:Anchiornis
588:Anchiornis
191:Saurischia
178:Dinosauria
2998:Adasaurus
2693:Unenlagia
2685:Rahonavis
2591:Hulsanpes
2417:Theropoda
2402:Theropoda
2350:Theropoda
2318:Kingdom:
2046:0027-8424
1987:0027-8424
1922:199493087
1810:0962-8452
1723:2296-6463
1595:2167-8359
1579:: e7247.
1369:: e2159.
1267:2045-2322
583:paravians
497:Jifuotang
438:Barremian
434:dinosaurs
426:of basal
204:Theropoda
151:Kingdom:
145:Eukaryota
96:Possible
3214:Category
3183:Q3312288
3177:Wikidata
3143:Category
3133:Timeline
3050:Nuthetes
2971:Zapsalis
2942:Itemirus
2716:Ypupiara
2598:Mahakala
2526:Daurlong
2326:Chordata
2324:Phylum:
2320:Animalia
2225:: 1–11.
2204:22615813
2164:PLOS ONE
2142:Archived
2064:19289829
1996:10895369
1898:: 1–96.
1877:25025742
1828:19692406
1672:32218481
1613:31333906
1529:26181289
1477:17242354
1395:27441115
1285:30442900
1208:See also
690:coracoid
601:Feathers
454:arboreal
431:theropod
374:Synonyms
269:Daurlong
210:Family:
165:Chordata
161:Phylum:
155:Animalia
141:Domain:
3073:Tsaagan
2359:Paraves
2330:Class:
2195:3352940
2172:Bibcode
2127:: 1–20.
2055:2664043
2024:Bibcode
1855:Bibcode
1819:2842677
1754:Bibcode
1663:7099077
1640:Bibcode
1604:6626525
1520:4504142
1468:1780066
1445:Bibcode
1386:4941780
1276:6237872
1247:Bibcode
655:phalanx
648:maxilla
515:avialan
503:member
398:Senter
386:Senter
247:Genera
237:Senter
3197:143267
2812:Balaur
2781:Wulong
2648:Diuqin
2540:Shanag
2202:
2192:
2097:
2062:
2052:
2044:
1993:
1985:
1920:
1910:
1875:
1826:
1816:
1808:
1721:
1670:
1660:
1611:
1601:
1593:
1550:
1527:
1517:
1475:
1465:
1393:
1383:
1283:
1273:
1265:
823:Shanag
750:et al.
631:": -->
493:Yixian
442:Aptian
420:raptor
416:mīkros
402:, 2004
400:et al.
390:, 2004
388:et al.
343:Wulong
311:Shanag
241:, 2004
239:et al.
98:Albian
2355:Clade
2346:Clade
2337:Clade
1973:(8).
1940:(PDF)
1918:S2CID
1573:PeerJ
1433:(PDF)
1363:PeerJ
1310:: 1.
738:-inae
706:pubis
699:ilium
657:III-2
513:, an
450:China
424:clade
224:Clade
198:Clade
185:Clade
172:Clade
3066:Shri
3028:Kuru
2442:see
2415:see
2388:see
2200:PMID
2095:ISBN
2060:PMID
2042:ISSN
1983:ISSN
1908:ISBN
1873:PMID
1824:PMID
1806:ISSN
1719:ISSN
1668:PMID
1609:PMID
1591:ISSN
1548:ISBN
1525:PMID
1473:PMID
1391:PMID
1281:PMID
1263:ISSN
633:edit
591:and
567:and
495:and
35:PreꞒ
2227:doi
2190:PMC
2180:doi
2087:doi
2050:PMC
2032:doi
2020:106
1991:PMC
1975:doi
1971:121
1948:440
1900:doi
1863:doi
1814:PMC
1798:doi
1794:277
1762:doi
1709:hdl
1699:doi
1658:PMC
1648:doi
1599:PMC
1581:doi
1515:PMC
1507:doi
1463:PMC
1453:doi
1441:104
1381:PMC
1371:doi
1312:doi
1308:440
1271:PMC
1255:doi
994:sp.
448:in
440:to
3216::
3194::
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2264:3.
2258:2.
2252:1.
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1989:.
1981:.
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615:,
360:†
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297:†
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265:†
255:†
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90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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