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478:. His career was rapid and brilliant. In 1862, he left the Navy and went into private business in a series of forced labor recruiting expeditions in Polynesia. In 1863, he was notified that if he reenlisted he would be promoted as of a year later. On returning in 1864, he was sent to Europe to oversee the construction of ships for the Peruvian fleet. He would be put in prison a year later, with a group of fellow officers for rejecting the idea of hiring a foreigner as supreme commander of the Peruvian navy, but was later released after a trial in which they were declared not guilty as their cause was proven worthy. Among these ships was the ironclad
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for independence from Spain. Later, Juan bought property in Paita and worked at the
Customs Office. The relationship between his parents was extramarital as his mother, MarĂa Luisa Seminario y del Castillo, was also married to Colombian captain PĂo DĂaz and they would have three legitimate children together: Roberto,
593:
During the naval combat that took place in the waters of
Iquique, between the Chilean and Peruvian ships, on the 21st day of the last month, your worthy and valiant husband Captain Mr. Arturo Prat, Commander of the Esmeralda, was, like you would not ignore any longer, victim of his reckless valor in
424:
Miguel Grau was born in Paita on 27 July 1834 in the house of Dr. Alexander
Diamont Newel with the assistance of the midwife Tadea Castillo, also known as "The Morito," both prominent figures in Paita. His father was Juan Manuel Grau y BerrĂo, a Colombian who came to Peru with Bolivar in the fight
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and he later returned to Paita. However, he did not get discouraged and embarked again the following year. Grau later went on various merchant ships to ports in
Oceania, Asia, America and Europe. These voyages gave Grau the seagoing experience that was the foundation for his brilliant career as a
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was captured by the
Chileans after suffering severe casualties in the close-range artillery duel. Although most of Grau's body was not recovered, his remains, which were buried with military honours in Chile, were returned to Peru in 1958. For many years after his death, his name was called in a
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While sincerely deploring this unfortunate event and sharing your sorrow, I comply with the sad duty of sending you some of his belongings, invaluable for you, which I list at the end of this letter. Undoubtedly, they will serve of small consolation in the middle of your misfortune, and I have
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became famed for moving stealthily, striking by surprise and then disappearing. These actions put off a
Chilean invasion by sea for six months, and as a result he was promoted to rear admiral by the government in Lima - the first Peruvian to be promoted to flag officer rank in many years.
416:. He was nicknamed "Gentleman of the Seas" for his kind and chivalrous treatment of defeated enemies and is held in high esteem by both Peruvians and Chileans. Grau is an iconic figure for the Peruvian navy, and one of the most famous naval officers from the Americas.
855:(Grand Admiral Grau Order), established in 1969, is a decoration awarded by the Peruvian Navy to honor distinguished service. Furthermore, Grau has been depicted in several films and TV series, illustrating his role in the War of the Pacific.
804:, never rejoined the parliament. As a sign of respect and homage, Miguel Grau's name is the first to be called during the roll call of congressmen. Posthumously, he was promoted to the rank of Admiral by the Peruvian Congress in 1946.
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quickly lowered her flag. The cavalry regiment
Carabineros de Yungay, including its commander, was captured with the ship. This was a major blow for the Chilean Government, and the Commander of the Chilean Navy resigned his position.
83:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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as an elected congressman in 1876 representing Paita. To this day his seat is preserved in congress and his name is called at the beginning of each session, being responded "present" to by all congressmen.
800:, a replica of his congressional seat is placed in a position of honor. Grau, being a parliamentarian, requested leave to serve Peru in the War of the Pacific and, as he died in this war during the
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with the rank of
Lieutenant Commander and was later promoted to commander. By 1 June 1874, he became the commanding officer of the Peruvian Navy's fleet as captain, and later became a member of the
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662:("Gentleman of the Seas") from his Chilean opponents, acknowledging an extraordinary sense of chivalry and his gentlemanly behaviour, combined with his highly efficient and brave combat career.
490:. Upon his return, Chile and Peru joined in a bi-national fleet against Spanish attempts to reclaim their American colonies. In 1868, he was recalled to the Navy and was named commander of the
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in 1897. The hyper-realistic statue unveiled at the Naval Museum of Callao in 2021, using artificial intelligence to achieve detailed likeness, stands as a testament to his enduring legacy.
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Grau played an important role by interdicting
Chilean lines of communication and supply, damaging, capturing or destroying several enemy vessels, and bombarding port installations. Grau's
785:
A memorial to Grau was unveiled in Wirral in
February 2024. Situated on the promenard in Birkenhead, the memorial is short distance from the dry dock at Cammell Lairds where the
846:, Chile, with Grau's figure displayed in his cabin and officer's room. Grau is commemorated as "The Gentleman of the Seas" for his noble conduct and humanity during wartime.
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and Balbina. MarĂa Luisa would motivate Grau to love the sea from his youth. He entered the Paita Nautical School. He first went to sea when he was nine years old, going to
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and numerous monuments and statues in different cities, including Buenos Aires in Argentina, and La Paz in Bolivia. Notably, the Monitor Huáscar is preserved in
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in Lima. An example includes the modern-style monument in Piura, remodeled in 2019 featuring symbolic elements of strength and valor, and the bronze statue in
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Reiterating my feelings of condolence, I take the opportunity of offering you my services, considerations and respects and I render myself at your disposal.
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I have a sacred duty that authorizes me to write you, despite knowing that this letter will deepen your profound pain, by reminding you of recent battles.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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His final resting place lies at the Escuela Militar Naval del Peru, in El Callao in an underground mausoleum. He posthumously received the rank of
646:, he courteously asked the crew to abandon ship before opening fire. As her captain Castleton was abandoning the ship, the Chileans' capital ships
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Miguel Grau is celebrated not only in Peru but also in Chile and Bolivia. His name is honored in various ways, such as streets named after him in
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by ramming her, Grau ordered the rescue of the surviving crew from the waters. Grau also wrote condolences to the widow of his opponent
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Richard Begazo Salas and Raymond V.B. Blackman (editors), Jane's Fighting Ships 1949–50. New York: The McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1949.
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Robert Gardiner (editorial director), Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1979.
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Robert Hutchinson (editor), Jane's Warship Recognition Guide, Revised Edition. New York and London: HarperCollins, 2002.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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In the year 2000, Miguel Grau was recognized as the "Peruvian of the Millennium" by popular vote.
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nautical officer and the beginning of a love story with Carla Ortiz (unidentified French women).
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In 1853, at the age of 19, he left the merchant marine and became an officer candidate of the
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In December 2019, a bust of Grau was donated by the Peruvian Navy to the United Kingdom in
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The place where he died on the Huáscar has a tribute plaque from the Chilean Navy.
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was built. The section of promenard where the memorial was built was also renamed
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1027:. Lima, PerĂş: Instituto de Estudios HistĂłricos-MarĂtimos del PerĂş. p. 16.
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showed up, forcing Grau to abandon his prey and, after seriously disabling the
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Furthermore, several places are named after him, such as the Ovalo Grau in
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against Bolivia and Peru began on 5 April 1879, Miguel Grau was aboard the
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1259:(in Spanish). Lima: Instituto de Estudios HistĂłricos-MarĂtimos del PerĂş.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1174:"New memorial unveiled in Birkenhead to the 'Gentleman of the Seas'"
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1012:(7th ed.). Lima, Peru: Banco de Crédito del Perú. p. 2.
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Seminario Ojeda, Miguel Arturo (2000). "GRAU SEMINARIO, Miguel".
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Grau was killed by an armor-piercing shell fired by the ironclad
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officer and politician best known for his actions during the
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Grau was also a determining factor in capturing the steamer
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1148:"Peruvian naval hero's Birkenhead links honoured with bust"
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1084:"Carta de Miguel Grau a Carmela Carvajal Vda. de Prat"
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Marina.Mil.Pe:Culture:Efemerides:Admiral Miguel Grau
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Military personnel killed in the War of the Pacific
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30:"Miguel Grau" redirects here. For other uses, see
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1205:(in Spanish). 27 August 2018
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253:(modern-day
238:(1879-10-08)
219:27 July 1834
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139:Spanish name
99:edit summary
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63:(April 2024)
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1304:1879 deaths
1299:1834 births
1257:Miguel Grau
1131:29 February
1110:29 February
1089:29 February
1068:29 February
1025:Miguel Grau
640:Antofagasta
579:Dear Madam:
569:Arturo Prat
380:Capture of
196:Nickname(s)
1293:Categories
1209:28 January
1157:4 December
958:References
844:Talcahuano
813:Plaza Grau
768:Birkenhead
488:Birkenhead
462:. Seated:
420:Early life
278:Allegiance
243:Mejillones
215:1834-07-27
188:Birth name
58:in Spanish
1203:El Tiempo
733:Almirante
695:Almirante
615:(Signed)
565:Esmeralda
511:When the
319:1864-1879
317:1853-1862
182:, c. 1879
151:Seminario
117:talk page
1255:(2003).
559:, after
515:between
431:Colombia
339:Commands
294:Service/
257:, Chile)
137:In this
93:provide
1183:1 March
796:In the
787:Huascar
776:Huáscar
737:Huáscar
709:Huáscar
679:Huascar
561:Huáscar
555:At the
533:Huáscar
529:Capitán
523:Huáscar
494:Huáscar
482:Huáscar
394:†
343:Huáscar
251:Bolivia
143:surname
115:to the
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895:Callao
821:Callao
764:Wirral
743:Legacy
427:Emilio
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271:Callao
262:Buried
228:, Peru
1063:(PDF)
915:Piura
809:Piura
755:, USA
683:Rimac
675:Union
671:Rimac
667:Rimac
517:Chile
476:Rimac
382:RĂmac
222:Paita
77:DeepL
1261:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1211:2022
1185:2024
1159:2019
1133:2016
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1070:2016
1029:ISBN
977:ISBN
849:The
815:and
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540:The
458:and
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324:Rank
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147:Grau
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