341:
144:
29:
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204:
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438:. Both towns have regular planned layouts, both have experienced a history of boom and slump in shipbuilding, fishing and as railheads and ocean terminals. These two towns, which could handle the larger vessels then entering service, concentrated trade that had previously been dispersed at quays, jetties and landing places and small settlements such as
458:
located on both shores of the
Daugleddau, and also the large limestone quarries at West Williamston. The Daugleddau ports flourished in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, but continued to work through the 19th century by changing to using barges to tranship cargoes down river to bigger vessels at the
651:
center in the 18th century, and today the town's port is the fourth largest in the United
Kingdom in terms of tonnage and plays an important role in the United Kingdom's energy sector with several oil refineries and one of the biggest LNG terminals in the world. Milford Haven is the second largest
528:
to unload there. Since then, there have been numerous spills of varying magnitude, providing the port authority with a great deal of experience. Uniquely at the time, the harbourmaster instituted the principle of cleaning up first and allocating the blame (and the responsibility of paying for it)
466:
at various strategically important coastal sites, including
Milford Haven. Most of the forts are now disused. The late 20th century brought the jetties, oil terminals and shore processing facilities of the oil and power industries. This industry reached its zenith in the 1970s when Middle Eastern
237:, claimed in 1603 that Milford Haven was the most famous port of Christendom. The area however was a source of anxiety for the Tudor monarchy. Its location exposed it to attacks from Ireland, potentially leading to an invasion of England via Wales. In 1405, the French landed in force having left
495:
Milford Haven is the largest port in Wales, and the third-largest port in the United
Kingdom. Shipping operations in Milford Haven are managed by the independent Milford Haven Port Authority as a trust port. The port authority has responsibility for managing Milford Docks, Milford Marina and
319:
and Castle Pill, were being used as ports for ships to load and unload coal, corn and limestone., A ferry service to
Ireland operated from Hakin around the start of the 19th century, although this ceased in the early 19th century. Although surrounding settlements at
1362:
199:
was dedicated in 1180, a structure which looked out over the Haven from the north shore of the town. In later years it was used as a beacon for sailors in foul weather, and ultimately as a pig sty, until it was reconsecrated in the 20th century.
652:
settlement in
Pembrokeshire, with a population of 13,100; though its community boundaries make it the most populous in the county, with 13,096 people. As a community, Milford Haven takes in the town of Milford Haven itself and the villages of
300:. The fort was eventually surrendered, and quickly taken, along with St Thomas a Becket chapel. Just five years later in 1649 Milford Haven was again the site of Parliamentarian interest when it was chosen as the disembarkation site for
745:
545:
oil spill, initially thought to be one of the most devastating oil tanker disasters the UK has ever seen. In the event, recovery has been surprisingly good, perhaps partly because of the very strong tides. The comparable
538:
ran aground off the Haven, spilling a portion of its cargo of oil. In 1984, a serious explosion on a tanker being repaired in the Haven resulted in three fatalities. In 1996, it was the location of the
332:/Hakin were established, they were little more than hamlets. The only man-made structures on the future site of Milford were the medieval chapel, and Summer Hill Farm, and its accompanying cottages.
707:
have been measured in
Milford Haven Waterway. This together with information on the sediment concentrations have been assessed in order to aid in the evaluation of the environmental quality of the
771:
419:, achieved by coastally sited castle boroughs, is still obvious at Pembroke, at Haverfordwest, and at Carew. Carew did not develop into a borough, but excavations have shown that a
1213:
1228:
749:
828:
622:
The port authority started promoting
Pembrokeshire as a cruise destination in 2003 and passenger numbers have steadily increased since then. In July 2008, the first
439:
183:
designated the area the rendezvous for his Irish expedition. An army of 400 warships, 500 knights and 4,000 men-at-arms gathered in the haven before sailing to
1394:
1046:
775:
399:
landscape of
Milford Haven shows evidence of maritime conquest, settlement, commerce, fishing and defence from the 11th century to the 20th century.
352:. The northern side is within the Preseli Environmentally Sensitive Area. The area includes: Angle Bay, Carew and Cresswell Rivers, Cosheston Pill,
534:
447:
225:... how far it is to this same blessed Milford: and by the way tell me how Wales was made so happy as to inherit such a haven ...
196:
1127:
1226:
KS01 Usual
Resident Population: Census 2001 'Key Statistics for Urban Areas', Office For National Statistics D8271.xls (PDF) line 2540
1100:
2121:
1225:
1387:
821:
192:
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By the late 18th century, the two creeks which would delimit the future town of Milford's boundaries to the east and west, namely
1515:
462:
In the late 19th century, concerns about the potential threat posed by the French Navy prompted the construction of a number of
140:. Evidence of metal working in the area was recently excavated, suggesting a level of industrialisation in the period 750–1100.
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953:
909:
810:
403:
promontory forts are sited on several of the headlands at the entrance and along the course of the Haven and the Daugleddau.
264:. The land comprising the site of Milford, the Manor of Hubberston and Pill, was acquired by the Barlow family following the
101:
in Ceylon (today's Sri Lanka) and "the finest port in Christendom". Much of the coastline of the Waterway is designated as a
2106:
1279:
Langston, W. J.; O’Hara, S.; Pope, N. D.; Davey, M.; Shortridge, E.; Imamura, M.; Harino, H.; Kim, A.; Vane, C. H. (2011).
361:
132:
in 1066, the waterway was used occasionally by Vikings looking for shelter. During one visit in 854, the Viking Chieftain
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later. There are two large oil refineries nearby which represent one fifth of the United Kingdom's oil refining capacity.
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crossed the Haven and landed at Pill. The fort was gunned from both land and water, and a garrison was placed in
340:
569:
265:
1214:
One Wales: Connecting the Nation – The Wales Transport Strategy Welsh Assembly Government, April 2008, page 29
986:
Antiquarian Researches: Comprising A History Of The Indian Wars In The Country Bordering The Connecticut River
1817:
1560:
1550:
1525:
1113:
Jones, Tim (17 October 1978). "Gales forecast as salvage team battles against time to save stricken tanker".
552:
spill in 1968, a ship which had been heading to Milford Haven, affected shores further south around southern
496:
Pembroke Port and Ferry Terminal. In 2012, it was announced that the Milford waterway was to be declared an
1040:
1028:
1747:
1575:
614:, docked at South Hook on 20 March 2009. The first gas to the Dragon facility was delivered 14 July 2009.
585:
577:
1342:, Capt. G. Dudley, in Ecological Effects of Oil Pollution (ed. E.B.Cowell), Inst. Petroleum, London, 1971.
856:
431:
284:
and to protect Royalist forces landing from Ireland. On 23 February 1644, a Parliamentarian force led by
106:
1767:
1510:
1368:
Events that have shaped the historic landscape: The Milford Haven Waterway (Dyfed Archaeological Trust)
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in the mid-16th century. It acquired an additional strategic importance in the 17th century as a
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which eventually could provide 25% of the UK's gas requirement. Under construction from 2006,
1986:
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1654:
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191:, which marked the first time an English king had stood on Irish soil, and the beginning of
1705:
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by Royalist forces and completed in 1643 to prevent Parliamentarian forces from landing at
273:
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for which the Haven, with its deep waters and westerly position, was particularly suited.
97:, visiting the haven with the Hamiltons, described it as the next best natural harbour to
8:
1913:
1827:
1725:
1642:
1016:
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Organic and heavy metal chemical pollutants accumulating in variety of species including
435:
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Around the start of the 19th century, two new towns were constructed: Milford in 1790 by
180:
74:
winds west to the sea. As one of the deepest natural harbours in the world, it is a busy
64:
1088:
1742:
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1976:
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588:, now also housing SEMLogistics chemicals. The regasified natural gas is fed through
404:
285:
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1323:
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wintered in the Haven with 23 ships, eventually lending his name to the district of
2012:
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155:) was established at the head of Hubberston Pill in 1170, as a daughter house of
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1981:
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1307:
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642:
548:
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238:
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By 1590, two forts had been constructed to defend the entrance to the haven.
160:
83:
52:
20:
1903:
1822:
1772:
1315:
882:
A Catechism of the History of Ireland: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern (1878)
517:
513:
257:
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in July with more than twenty-eight hundred knights and men-at-arms led by
312:, before Cromwell and over a hundred crafts left for Dublin on 15 August.
203:
1969:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1863:
626:
541:
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by the coalition government, due to its importance to the energy sector.
218:
152:
98:
1029:"A Short History of Ireland: 'The righteous judgement of God': Cromwell"
479:
2007:
1438:
681:
657:
630:
525:
412:
329:
168:
137:
87:
68:
2043:
1448:
1433:
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1423:
1144:
869:
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales, Lewis, Samuel (1849) pp. 374–384
661:
565:
451:
277:
213:
207:
St Thomas a Becket Chapel, dedicated 1180 and used as a beacon church
184:
520:
in 1960; unfortunately this coincided with a serious oil-spill from
260:
used the Haven as his departure point for his exploratory voyage to
1418:
700:
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553:
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supply difficulties forced oil transport to use ocean routes and
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further up river. These small ports served the coal mines of the
415:
evidence, such as Early Christian Inscribed Stone monuments. The
381:
91:
71:
48:
1245:
Settlement Populations, Pembrokeshire County Council 2001 Census
175:. Founded by Adam de Rupe, it stood until the Dissolution under
1964:
1954:
845:
Medieval Works Found At LNG Site BBC News Article, 5 April 2005
606:
601:
408:
188:
1959:
1757:
1684:
653:
611:
316:
79:
56:
704:
133:
857:
A History – The 12th Century: Pill Priory – Tironian House
159:. Built on virgin land, it stood alongside the priory on
1352:
1053:
Field Studies Journal, pp. 5–6; Retrieved 19 January 2010
708:
60:
1281:"Bioaccumulation surveillance in Milford Haven Waterway"
1278:
1089:'Energy industry zones for Snowdonia and Haven Waterway
803:
A Vision of Greatness: The History of Milford 1790–1990
1101:'AM praises 'huge benefits' enterprise zone will bring
580:
facility, while the Dragon LNG terminal is based on a
63:
or drowned valley which was flooded at the end of the
19:
This article is about the waterway. For the town, see
556:
and northern France, was actually far more damaging.
308:. Cromwell arrived in the Haven on 4 August, meeting
1363:
Countryside Council for Wales Historic Landscape Map
684:
plant, there will be some testing at West Dale Bay.
411:
sites are evidenced by place-names, documentary and
360:, Pwllcrochan Flats and West Williamston Quarries (
1272:
434:, and Pembroke Dock in 1802 as the site for a new
1358:www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Milford Haven
1238:
2088:
1056:
774:. Countryside Council for Wales. Archived from
748:. Countryside Council for Wales. Archived from
512:industry started with the opening of the first
1402:
568:gas, Milford Haven has become home to two new
1670:
1388:
1017:4 August 1649 "Timeline: British Civil wars"
1117:. No. 60434. London. col D, p. 1.
1106:
1064:"Sandy Haven to Milford Haven coastal walk"
968:, Cardiff University of Wales Press, 1989.
647:The town of Milford Haven was founded as a
1677:
1663:
1395:
1381:
344:A plan of Milford Haven from a 1748 survey
894:
503:
559:
486:
478:
339:
335:
202:
142:
27:
1288:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
797:
795:
793:
617:
2089:
564:In light of the dwindling supplies of
1658:
1376:
1112:
1043:Pembrokeshire Sea Trading Before 1900
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
596:to the distribution point at Tirley,
508:Milford Haven's association with the
392:(Royal Dockyard) Conservation Areas.
1103:Milford Mercury Article: 26 May 2012
1005:"1643–4: Civil War in Pembrokeshire"
935:Mason, Graham, Retrieved 20 May 2011
790:
362:Sites of Special Scientific Interest
1207:
1141:"First liquid gas delivery in port"
822:Milford Haven Town Council website
764:
675:
103:Site of Special Scientific Interest
16:Natural harbour in south-west Wales
13:
1333:
1193:"Ship cruises in for record visit"
1128:British Tanker's Blasts Kill Three
933:Genealogy World – FORT HUBBERSTONE
805:, Brace Harvatt Associates, 1989.
723:
348:Parts of the Haven are within the
14:
2133:
1346:
1340:Oil pollution in a major oil port
1258:"Wave power plan for Welsh coast"
1130:Sarasota Herald Tribune, 16.06.84
921:BBC: Milford Haven Slideshow Tour
902:Milford Haven Waterway & Town
427:site preceded the Norman castle.
350:Pembrokeshire Coast National Park
2122:Bodies of water of Pembrokeshire
1447:
1031:. BBC. Retrieved 19 January 2010
946:The Description of Pembrokeshire
491:The harbour viewed from the town
123:
32:Milford Haven Waterway from 1946
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1219:
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1121:
1094:
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1034:
1022:
1010:
998:
978:
958:
938:
926:
914:
904:, Tempus Publishing Ltd, 1999.
687:
988:, Kessinger Publishing, 2007.
884:, Kessinger Publishing, 2008.
874:
862:
850:
838:
815:
483:The haven viewed from the town
276:ordered a fort to be built at
266:dissolution of the monasteries
147:Milford Haven by Attwood, 1776
1:
2097:Competent harbour authorities
1091:BBC News Article: 17 May 2012
717:
1353:Milford Haven Port Authority
1260:. BBC News. 15 December 2005
296:attack from the garrison at
7:
2107:Ports and harbours of Wales
1007:. Retrieved 18 January 2010
966:Wales & The Tudor State
859:, Retrieved 17 January 2010
235:Description of Penbrokshire
193:Henry's invasion of Ireland
107:Milford Haven Waterway SSSI
10:
2138:
2112:Transport in Pembrokeshire
2102:Geography of Pembrokeshire
640:
633:arrived in Milford Haven.
116:
112:
18:
2021:
1995:
1922:
1856:
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1631:
1605:
1589:
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1411:
1300:10.1007/s10661-011-1968-z
1247:Retrieved 17 January 2010
1235:Retrieved 17 January 2010
1216:Retrieved 17 January 2010
1019:Retrieved 19 January 2010
923:Retrieved 19 January 2010
871:Retrieved 17 January 2010
847:Retrieved 17 January 2010
835:Retrieved 17 January 2010
801:Wing Commander Ken McKay
469:Very Large Crude Carriers
197:St Thomas a Becket chapel
45:Dyfrffordd Aberdaugleddau
1516:Fishguard & Goodwick
1195:. BBC News. 24 July 2008
1049:15 December 2010 at the
772:"Milford Haven Waterway"
746:"Milford Haven Waterway"
600:. The first vessel, the
594:South Wales Gas Pipeline
423:stronghold and possible
328:, Priory, Liddeston and
128:From the 790s until the
119:History of Milford Haven
1685:Harbours of the UK and
636:
576:is based on the former
474:
456:Pembrokeshire Coalfield
217:Act 3, Scene 2 (1611),
171:, and was dedicated to
1231:20 August 2011 at the
900:McKay & Springer.
826:, Chronology of Events
680:As a first stage of a
504:Petrochemical industry
492:
484:
345:
231:George Owen of Henllys
227:
208:
151:A Benedictine priory (
148:
44:
37:Milford Haven Waterway
33:
1597:Haverfordwest Airport
948:, Gomer Press, 1994.
831:13 March 2012 at the
560:Liquefied natural gas
490:
482:
343:
336:Landscape and history
223:
206:
146:
31:
618:Cruise ship terminal
436:Royal Naval Dockyard
432:Sir William Hamilton
364:); and the towns of
292:church to prevent a
90:and pleasure craft.
2069: /
1643:Transport for Wales
1041:George, Barbara J;
880:Brennan, Joseph J,
532:In 1978 the tanker
306:Invasion of Ireland
2022:Crown Dependencies
1687:Crown Dependencies
964:Jones, J Gwynfor.
493:
485:
346:
209:
149:
34:
2052:
2051:
1652:
1651:
1613:Fishguard Harbour
1521:Fishguard Harbour
1068:Walk through time
954:978-1-85902-120-0
910:978-0-7524-1589-5
811:978-0-9515212-0-5
590:National Grid plc
586:Gulf oil refinery
459:mid-Haven ports.
286:Rowland Laugharne
247:Marshal of France
157:St Dogmaels Abbey
2129:
2084:
2083:
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2080:
2079:
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2070:
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1996:Northern Ireland
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1499:Railway stations
1490:West Wales lines
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1169:. Archived from
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984:Hoyt, Epaphras
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742:
676:Power generation
464:Palmerston Forts
407:, Christian and
356:, Gann Estuary,
243:Jean II de Rieux
78:, trafficked by
76:shipping channel
2137:
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2128:
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2017:
1991:
1918:
1852:
1689:
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1653:
1648:
1627:
1601:
1585:
1506:Clarbeston Road
1494:
1478:
1452:
1443:
1407:
1401:
1349:
1336:
1334:Further reading
1331:
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1273:
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1239:
1233:Wayback Machine
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1191:
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1186:
1176:
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1173:on 25 June 2014
1165:
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1148:
1147:. 20 March 2009
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1051:Wayback Machine
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833:Wayback Machine
820:
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752:on 5 April 2010
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678:
645:
639:
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598:Gloucestershire
582:brownfield site
562:
522:Esso Portsmouth
506:
498:Enterprise Zone
477:
417:Norman conquest
338:
302:Oliver Cromwell
282:Pembroke Castle
272:military base.
256:In April 1603,
163:as part of the
130:Norman Invasion
126:
121:
115:
47:) is a natural
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2073:51.7°N 5.113°W
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2049:
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2039:St. Peter Port
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1726:Royal Portbury
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1171:the original
1167:"Fast facts"
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2076: /
2013:Londonderry
1950:Burntisland
1945:Grangemouth
1940:Forth Ports
1828:Southampton
1788:King's Lynn
542:Sea Empress
219:Shakespeare
153:Pill Priory
99:Trincomalee
88:oil tankers
2091:Categories
2061:51°42′00″N
1833:Sunderland
1818:Portsmouth
1763:Gloucester
1743:Felixstowe
1511:Clunderwen
1264:15 January
1199:15 January
1074:15 January
756:15 January
718:References
682:wave power
658:Hubberston
574:South Hook
526:oil tanker
413:epigraphic
388:, and the
354:Daugleddau
330:Hubberston
179:. In 1171
177:Henry VIII
169:West Wales
138:Hubberston
69:Daugleddau
59:. It is a
2064:5°06′47″W
2044:St Helier
1977:Inverness
1874:Fishguard
1823:Sharpness
1803:Lowestoft
1793:Liverpool
1778:Immingham
1716:Avonmouth
1546:Manorbier
1308:0167-6369
1145:BBC Wales
1115:The Times
662:Liddeston
566:North Sea
452:Cosheston
274:Charles I
233:, in his
221:remarks:
214:Cymbeline
185:Waterford
167:Order in
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1324:19881327
1316:21432028
1229:Archived
1151:20 March
1047:Archived
829:Archived
782:7 August
701:bivalves
670:Thornton
666:Steynton
554:Cornwall
444:Lawrenny
421:Dark Age
401:Iron Age
397:littoral
386:Pembroke
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2003:Belfast
1935:Glasgow
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1721:Harbour
1711:Bristol
1694:England
1639:Fflecsi
1571:Penally
1541:Lamphey
1457:Cycling
1177:13 June
824:History
712:estuary
697:mussels
694:seaweed
649:whaling
631:Maasdam
604:-class
584:of the
382:Neyland
374:Llangwm
113:History
92:Admiral
80:ferries
72:estuary
49:harbour
1982:Irvine
1970:Dundee
1965:Methil
1955:Rosyth
1914:Talbot
1889:Mostyn
1798:London
1706:Boston
1701:Barrow
1474:NCR 47
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1857:Wales
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1758:Goole
1733:Dover
1581:Tenby
1469:NCR 4
1439:B4329
1412:Roads
1320:S2CID
1284:(PDF)
1070:. BBC
705:worms
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627:liner
612:Qatar
610:from
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317:Hakin
239:Brest
134:Hubba
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1429:A478
1424:A477
1312:PMID
1304:ISSN
1266:2009
1201:2009
1179:2014
1153:2009
1076:2009
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970:ISBN
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906:ISBN
886:ISBN
807:ISBN
784:2011
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