Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower

1682: 309: 8617: 1305:

sufficient training. He had strong philosophical disagreements with MacArthur regarding the role of the Philippine Army and the leadership qualities that an American army officer should exhibit and develop in his subordinates. The resulting antipathy between Eisenhower and MacArthur lasted the rest of their lives, though Eisenhower later emphasized that too much had been made of his disagreements with MacArthur. In his final official evaluation of Eisenhower, written during 1937, MacArthur wrote that Eisenhower was a "brilliant officer" who "in time of war ... should be promoted to General rank immediately." Historians have concluded that this assignment provided valuable preparation for handling the challenging personalities of

3189: 1592: 1276:. In this role, Eisenhower helped make national defense policy and studied wartime industrial mobilization and the relationship between government and industry. He formulated a 180-page mobilization plan, known as M-Day Plan, which was never utilized but which impressed his superiors. After Douglas MacArthur became army chief of staff, he assigned Moseley as Deputy Chief of Staff. Eisenhower officially remained on Moseley's staff, but he also worked as MacArthur's unofficial military secretary and served on the War Policies Commission, which studied the possibility of a constitutional amendment designed to clarify Congress's war-time powers. In 1932, he participated in MacArthur's violent clearing of the 1932:, which was closer to Britain but was more heavily defended. Eisenhower and Montgomery jointly agreed to alter the plan in several ways, placing a greater emphasis on air superiority, increasing the number of soldiers committed to the operation, and establishing separate American and British landing zones across a wider area than had been originally envisioned. Eisenhower also helped secure de Gaulle's participation in the landing, partly by avoiding a diplomatic incident stemming from the arrest of several former Vichy officials who had assisted the Allies. Eisenhower believed that de Gaulle's cooperation was critical, not only for military operations but also for providing a government in France. 8610: 3166: 3210: 2004: 3099: 3136: 3016: 2859: 3023: 2903: 631: 2963: 2836: 3129: 2793: 1891: 3046: 2896: 3249: 3180: 2705: 2949: 2912: 1490: 33: 3009: 2919: 2012: 2126: 1034: 979: 2712: 2933: 2827: 2747: 3159: 3030: 3000: 2882: 3090: 2722: 3233: 3196: 2802: 2940: 624: 2731: 2648: 2979: 642: 3226: 3120: 2873: 2956: 2986: 2970: 1755: 1174:. Conner also shared his experiences working with the French and British during World War I, emphasizing the importance of the "art of persuasion" when dealing with allies. Eisenhower later cited Conner's enormous influence on his military thinking, saying in 1962 that "Fox Conner was the ablest man I ever knew." Conner's comment on Eisenhower was, " is one of the most capable, efficient and loyal officers I have ever met." Conner would play a critical role in Eisenhower's career, often helping him gain choice assignments. 2636: 3173: 3076: 2843: 2993: 3203: 3106: 2811: 2852: 2759: 3256: 2717: 3083: 2821: 2699: 2692: 2685: 2678: 3219: 2114: 1322: 2787: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2741: 1880: 1557: 8444: 2889: 902: 4392: 4375: 4330: 637: 1860: 1349:. Eisenhower enjoyed his role as a commanding officer, writing later that his command of the 15th Infantry during maneuvers "fortified my conviction that I belonged with the troops; with them I was always happy." Eisenhower's time as commander of 1st Battalion was brief, because he was assigned as the regiment's executive officer. In June 1940, Congress promoted every officer in the army by one rank; Eisenhower officially became a 1254: 4313: 4361: 4296: 4258: 4347: 4279: 4244: 4230: 4214: 4200: 4184: 4167: 4146: 4129: 4112: 2925: 3113: 2221:

policy and made numerous public appearances in order to maintain public support for the army. Concerned that rapid demobilization would deprive the army of necessary manpower in its duties and fully return the military to its small, pre-war state, Eisenhower joined Truman in calling for some form of universal military service. Congress rejected the idea of universal service, though it did extend the

1137: 3240: 3143: 1014:. Though Eisenhower and his tank crews never saw combat, he displayed excellent organizational skills, as well as an ability to accurately assess junior officers' strengths and make optimal placements of personnel. Despite his success as an organizer and trainer, during World War II rivals who had combat experience often sought to denigrate Eisenhower for his previous lack of combat experience. 2350:. In developing this assessment, Weigley cited Eisenhower's World War II success at focusing on the strategic goal of a cross-Channel invasion to destroy the German Army, maturity of judgment with respect to operations and tactics, and military diplomacy that solidified the U.S.‑U.K. alliance and made possible America's wartime cooperation with the Soviet Union. 1058:, an army vehicle exercise that traveled from Washington, D.C. to San Francisco at a pace of 5 mph. The convoy was designed both as a training event and as a way to publicize the need for better roads, and spurred many states to increase funding for road-building. Eisenhower's experience in the convoy would later influence his decision to help create the 1945:, the Allied landing in Southern France, would take place in August 1944 rather than contemporaneously with Overlord, as had originally been planned. Eisenhower insisted that the British give him exclusive command over all strategic air forces to facilitate the landing, to the point of threatening to resign unless Churchill relented, which he did. 1902:, the Allied invasion of Western Europe. Roosevelt believed that Eisenhower's experience leading multinational and amphibious operations made him well qualified for the position, and he was unwilling to lose Marshall as chief of staff. Eisenhower retained Smith as his chief of staff, chose Air Chief Marshal Tedder as his deputy, and made Admiral 3053: 1361:, which was the 15th Infantry's higher headquarters, selected him to serve as the division's chief of staff. Eisenhower loyally acceded, and his success in the position was later viewed as one factor that caused the Army's senior leaders to identify Eisenhower as a candidate for positions of more rank and responsibility. General 1667:, but de Gaulle emerged as the clear leader of the organization, and the French war effort, by the end of 1943. Eisenhower, who had not actively supported either Giraud or de Gaulle after the initial campaign in French Africa, established a strong working relationship with de Gaulle for the remainder of the war. 4446:

in the Philippine army, a decision that Eisenhower disagreed with. MacArthur would later continue to serve in the Philippine Army after refusing reassignment and retiring from the U.S. Army in December 1937. Eisenhower continued to serve as MacArthur's chief of staff, but also became the ranking U.S.

2298:

As Supreme Allied Commander, Eisenhower organized NATOs command structure and served as the alliance's public persona. Due to his notoriety and popular appeal, Eisenhower was the obvious choice to be the Republican candidate for president in 1952. Eisenhower was frequently approached by party leaders

2220:

Following the end of the World War II, Marshall retired in November 1945. On Marshall's recommendation, President Truman selected Eisenhower as the new Chief of Staff of the Army. His main task in that role was the demobilization of millions of soldiers, but he also advised the president on military

1541:

became Eisenhower's chief of staff. His command involved important military and administrative duties, but one of his chief challenges was coordinating a multinational military and political alliance among combatants with contrasting military traditions and doctrines, as well a level of distrust. He

1436:

to Australia with $ 10 million to provide supplies to MacArthur. Biographer Jean Edward Smith writes that Marshall and Eisenhower developed a "father-son relationship"; it was widely assumed that Marshall would eventually lead major operations in Europe, and he initially sought to prepare Eisenhower

1623:

that had been established in southern France following the French surrender to Germany in 1940. Vichy France had a complex relationship with the Allied Powers; it collaborated with Nazi Germany, but was recognized by the United States as the official government of France. Hoping to encourage French

1340:

invaded Poland in September 1939. By this time, Eisenhower had impressed his fellow officers with his administrative skills, but he had never held an active command above a brigade and few considered him a potential commander of major operations. Eisenhower returned to the United States in December

1911:

as the commander of air forces in the theater. Prioritizing individuals with recent battle experience, he selected Bradley as the senior American field commander and General Spaatz as the head of the American strategic air force. Despite the earlier slapping incidents, Patton was chosen to command

1782:

and General George S. Patton each leading one of two simultaneous landings. Allied forces staged a successful landing, but they failed to prevent the retreat of a large portion of the German Army to mainland Italy. Shortly after the end of the campaign, Eisenhower severely reprimanded Patton after

1431:

in December 1941, the United States entered World War II. Almost immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor, General Marshall assigned Eisenhower as Deputy Chief of the War Plans Division in Washington. Marshall assigned him to coordinate the defense of the Philippines, and Eisenhower personally

2358:

wrote in his diary on 28 December 1942 that Eisenhower as a general was "hopeless. He submerges himself in politics and neglects his military duties, partly ... because he knows little if anything about military matters." General of the Army Omar Bradley wrote that Eisenhower "had little grasp of

1935:

Drawing on the experience of Operation Avalanche, Eisenhower noted that it was "vital that the entire sum of our assault power, including the two Strategic Air Forces, be available for use during the critical stages of the attack." The final landing plan, largely devised by Montgomery, called for

1919:

Eisenhower, as well as the officers and troops under him, had learned valuable lessons in their previous operations, preparing them for the most difficult campaign against the Germans—a beach landing assault in northern France. The starting point for the operation had been developed by a planning

1085:

tank and was also based at Camp Meade. Their leading-edge ideas of speed-oriented offensive tank warfare were strongly discouraged by superiors, who considered the new approach too radical and preferred to continue using tanks in a strictly supportive role for the infantry. After being threatened

1736:. The II Corps collapsed and Eisenhower relieved Fredendall of command, but Allied forces prevented a German breakthrough. After the battle, the Allies continually built up their forces and slowly ground down German defenses. 250,000 Axis soldiers surrendered in May 1943, bringing an end to the 1304:

to the Philippine government. Eisenhower declined the rank of brigadier general in the Philippine army, but was promoted to lieutenant colonel in the U.S. army in 1936. Eisenhower viewed the Philippine defense budget as inadequate, and he struggled to provide the army with modern weapons and

1010:" epidemic hit the camp, ultimately killing 175 of the roughly 10,000 men under his command. In October, Eisenhower was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and two weeks later he received orders to deploy to Europe. Shortly before the deployment, the war ended with the signing of the 2353:

While many contemporaries and historians rate Eisenhower's military leadership highly, he received his share of criticism, often regarding his lack of combat experience or supposed failure to understand military strategy. Historian Adrian R. Lewis wrote that because Eisenhower lacked combat

2330:, and served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. Upon becoming a candidate for president, on July 18, 1952, he resigned his commission in the Army. After leaving office, by an act of Congress, he was restored to the rank of General of the Army on March 30, 1961. 2173:. The removal of Patton sent a strong signal to that official policies regarding denazification would be strictly observed. Though Eisenhower aggressively purged ex-Nazis, his actions largely reflected the American attitude that the broad German populace were victims of the Nazis. 2666:

Ribbons displayed as they would have been worn. Foreign decorations ordered by date awarded with national orders preceding military decorations and service medals. In cases when multiple decorations were conferred on the same date, the ribbons are ordered by relative precedence.

2282:

committed forces to aid North Korea. Distressed by U.S. unpreparedness in the war, President Truman shook up his national security team and proposed dramatic increases in military spending. He asked Eisenhower to make the public case for the importance of U.S. commitments to

1952:

to take place on June 6, 1944. The timing and location of the landings surprised the Germans, and they failed to reinforce the beachheads in a timely manner. Allied forces quickly secured four of the five landing zones, though the Germans put up a strong defense of

4429:, which included many conscripts and volunteers in addition to officers from the pre-existing United States Army. After the war, the National Army was disbanded, and officers who had been temporarily promoted in the National Army reverted to their rank in the 2073:, which the Allies turned back in early 1945 after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and after improved weather allowed the Air Force to engage. Though many Allied soldiers lost their lives in the fighting, Germany suffered a decisive defeat in the battle. 1650:

Though the agreement with Darlan provided for French cooperation in North Africa, Eisenhower was strongly criticized in the American and British press for his willingness to work with a Vichy official. Darlan was assassinated in December 1942 by Frenchman

2299:

and asked to run for president. While he had his misgivings, he ultimately decided it was his duty to serve as president. When he decided to leave the Army and run for president in late May 1952, he was succeeded as Supreme Allied Commander by General

1284:

was strongly criticized in the press for his administration's handling of Bonus March, even from papers that were normally sympathetic to his administration. In 1933, Eisenhower graduated from the Army Industrial College, which is now known as the

1041:

With the end of World War I, the United States dramatically cut back military spending, and the number of active duty personnel in the army dropped from 2.4 million in late 1918 to about 150,000 in 1922. Eisenhower reverted to his regular rank of

1906:

and General John C. H. Lee the respective heads of naval operations and logistics in the theater. At the insistence of Churchill and the Combined Chiefs of Staff, he selected General Montgomery as commander of ground forces and Air Chief Marshal

1396:

and the Third Army, which collectively had nearly 500,000 troops, conducted two mock battles that both ended in victory for the Third Army. The Third Army's success in the maneuvers impressed Eisenhower's superiors, and he was promoted to

2040:

in late August. Von Cholitz surrendered the city on August 25, and de Gaulle triumphantly entered the city the following day. With German resistance collapsing sooner than had been expected, the Allies rapidly liberated most of France,

2031:

Once the coastal assault had succeeded, Eisenhower insisted on retaining personal control over the land battle strategy, and was immersed in the command and supply of multiple assaults. Encouraged by de Gaulle and the German commander

1606:

The three-pronged Allied landing in North Africa, which biographer Jean Edward Smith describes as the "greatest amphibious operation that had ever been attempted" at that point in history, would take place on the Atlantic coast of

893:

officer, so he readily agreed. Because of the injury, West Point's academic board recommended against commissioning Eisenhower, but the doctor interceded successfully with the War Department and Eisenhower was commissioned as a

2317:

Eisenhower emerged as a popular political figure in the post-war years, and was widely considered to be a presidential contender. Along with Senator Robert A. Taft, Eisenhower emerged as one of the two major candidates in the

2057:

region; Eisenhower approved both operations. Eisenhower's decision to split up Allied forces and advance on a broad front strained logistics and gave the Germans time to retreat to more defensible positions closer to Germany.

1513:

for the role. With the blessing of Stimson, Roosevelt, and Churchill, Marshall instead selected Eisenhower for the position, and Eisenhower was officially appointed as the commander of the ETO in June 1942; he was promoted to

4408:

Note - Eisenhower retired from the Army on May 31, 1952, and resigned his commission on July 18, 1952, to run for president. He left office as president on January 20, 1961, and was restored to active duty on March 30, 1961.

3039: 2291:, a powerful Republican senator from Ohio, most other members of Congress agreed to support the alliance. In April 1951, after taking a leave of absence from Columbia, Eisenhower was confirmed by the Senate as the first 1940:

would land behind the enemy lines in order to seize vital roads and bridges. Originally scheduled for May 1944, Operation Overlord was pushed back a month, largely due to landing craft shortages. For the same reason,

1643:, but fighting continued at the other two landing spots. After it became clear that French forces in Africa would not accept Giraud as their commander, Murphy and General Clark negotiated an agreement with Admiral 824:, and took command of subsequent operations in France. Following the success of Operation Overlord, the Allies quickly took control of much of Western Europe, but the Germans launched a major counter-attack in the 1301: 1120:. Eisenhower claimed he had received the money with no intent to deceive, and he repaid it in full after Helmick made his finding. Helmick still pressed for a court-martial, and only the intervention of General 885:, but Eisenhower viewed it as offering "a minimum of excitement" and preferred to become a civilian. The doctor then offered to recommend Eisenhower for a commission if he agreed not to seek appointment to the 1437:

to serve as his chief of staff during those operations. In February 1942, Eisenhower succeeded General Gerow as chief of the War Plans Division (later known as the Operations Division), and he was promoted to

1189:

like most of his classmates, but Conner assured him that his study in Panama was good preparation; Eisenhower graduated first in his CGS class of 245 officers. The army considered making him the head of the

4478:

Bonnier de la Chapelle was executed by French authorities less than 36 hours after the assassination. Biographer Jean Edward Smith writes that Bonnier de la Chapelle's motivation for killing Darlan remains

1128:, saved Eisenhower from possible imprisonment and dismissal from the service. Though Conner saved Eisenhower's career, Eisenhower still received a written reprimand that became part of his military record. 990:, where he was assigned command of the 301st Heavy Tank Battalion. By the beginning of 1918, the United States Army did not have a single operational tank, but the battalion planned to use British-provided 3069: 659: 1704:, which the Germans had taken control of during Operation Torch. Bolstered by superior tanks and air power, as well as favorable weather, the German forces established a strong defense of the city of 1470:. Though American and British leaders agreed to Eisenhower's proposed April 1943 invasion of Western Europe, competing priorities in other theaters of the war would repeatedly delay the invasion. 2076:

After the Battle of the Bulge and the success of a massive Soviet offensive in early 1945, Eisenhower sent Air Chief Marshal Tedder to the Soviet Union to help establish a joint strategy for the

2866: 1286: 1156:. Accompanied by Mamie, he served as General Conner's executive officer in Panama from 1922 to 1924. Under Conner's tutelage, he studied military history and theory, including the campaigns of 1280:

encampment in Washington, D.C. Eisenhower wrote and submitted MacArthur's official report regarding the incident, but he was privately critical of MacArthur's heavy-handed methods. President

3060: 3270: 3150: 3263: 8099: 2232:

and favored its involvement in the control of atomic bombs. However, in formulating policies regarding the atomic bomb and relations with the Soviets, the administration of President

610: 2176:

In response to the devastation in Germany, including food shortages and an influx of refugees, he arranged distribution of American food and medical equipment. Upon discovery of the

1365:

asked Eisenhower to serve on his staff in the War Plans Division, but Eisenhower was determined to hold a command, and his ambivalent reply convinced Gerow to withdraw the request.

641: 8158: 7625: 1194:

program at a major university (Eisenhower would also have served as its football coach, doubling his pay) or a CGS faculty member, but assigned him as executive officer of the

2338:

Eisenhower's contemporaries in the British and American militaries regarded him as an excellent administrator; General Montgomery called him a "military statesman." Historian

1568:

Overcoming objections from Eisenhower and Marshall, Prime Minister Churchill convinced Roosevelt that the Allies should delay an invasion of Western Europe and instead launch

1965:

by the end of June. By the end of July, over 1.5 million Allied soldiers and over 300,000 vehicles had landed in Normandy. The Allies repulsed a German counter-attack at the

1770:

As the length of the Tunisia Campaign had made a cross-channel invasion of France impracticable in 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill agreed that the next Allied target would be

7394: 1300:

the previous year, setting the Philippines on the path to independence in 1946, and both MacArthur and Eisenhower remained on active duty in the U.S. army while serving as

4541:

had established four zones of occupation in Germany, meaning that the capture of German territory during World War II would not directly affect postwar control of Germany.

3967: 2252:

university in New York City. Nonetheless, he continued to advise the military on various matters. During his time at Columbia, he published his memoirs, which were titled

9082: 869:", ranked 61st in a class of 164. A knee injured playing football and aggravated while horseback riding that could have caused the government to later give Eisenhower a 1647:, the commander-in-chief of Vichy armed forces, that granted the Allied Powers military access to French North Africa but confirmed French sovereignty over the region. 1229:, where he graduated first in his class in 1928. After graduating from the Army War College, he was reassigned to the American Battle Monuments Commission, arriving in 4528:

in December 1944, establishing an order of seniority among the military's top officers. They were the first individuals to hold five-star rank during war-time service.

1450:

Tasked with helping develop the army's grand strategy in the war, Eisenhower formulated a plan that centered on the build-up of U.S. forces in Britain, followed by an

2363:, the commander of Amphibious Force 'O', which landed the 1st Division at Omaha Beach, wrote that Eisenhower "was one of the most overrated men in military history." 1368:

The army expanded from about 200,000 men in late 1939 to 1.4 million men in mid-1941. In March 1941, Eisenhower was assigned as chief of staff of the newly activated

7928: 7721: 7635: 2192:(DEFs), who were no longer subject to the Geneva Convention. He also developed a strong working relationship with Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov, the commander of the 1414: 1110: 7589: 7246: 128: 8183: 7912: 2552: 1787:. Eisenhower refused to dismiss Patton in the midst of a public furor, though the slapping incidents may have played a role in his decision to recommend General 1585: 8616: 7620: 3338: 2624:

From December 1943 to November 1945, Eisenhower was "dual hatted" as commander of United States forces in Europe as well as commander of Allied armed forces.

1635:

Eisenhower and Murphy were unable to gain Giraud's full support by the time of the landings, and French forces initially resisted the Allied landing. General

7837: 7804: 1479: 666: 2444: 1178: 7946: 1681: 2587: 2566: 2538: 2236:

largely ignored senior military leaders in favor of the State Department. By mid-1947, as East–West tensions over economic recovery in Germany and the

2228:

Eisenhower was convinced in 1946 that the Soviet Union did not want war and that friendly relations could be maintained; he strongly supported the new

1822:

began in September 1943. In the aftermath of Italy's surrender, the Allies faced unexpectedly strong resistance from German forces under Field Marshal

1506: 8609: 8481: 7436: 6902: 6852: 4456:

Thompson retired as a major general and lived in Washington, DC. His wife and he became friendly with the Eisenhowers, and the couples often played

2278:. The U.S. intervened on behalf of South Korea and inflicted several defeats on North Korean forces, but the war settled into a stalemate after the 1037:

Eisenhower (far right) with three friends (William Stuhler, Major Brett, and Paul V. Robinson) in 1919, four years after graduating from West Point

873:

and disability pension, almost caused the army to not to commission him after graduation. This was acceptable to Eisenhower, who was curious about

7584: 7517: 7508: 2559: 828:. German resistance quickly collapsed following the Allied victory in that battle, and Eisenhower accepted the surrender of Germany in May 1945. 412: 405: 355: 831:

After the war, Eisenhower served as the commander of the American zone of occupation in Germany. In November 1945, he succeeded Marshall as the

7346: 1213:, which established monuments and cemeteries in Western Europe to honor fallen American soldiers. While serving on the commission, he produced 8848: 8203: 8188: 8126: 7594: 5396: 1721: 1709: 1505:

was unsuited to the task of leading American forces in Britain. Eisenhower recommended the appointment of a single American commander in the

8499: 8053: 8048: 8043: 2319: 2154: 1708:, leading to a stalemate in the campaign. The slow progress in Tunisia displeased many leading American and British officials, and General 585: 568: 3816: 1081:, and other senior tank leaders; while Eisenhower commanded the 305th Tank Brigade, Patton commanded the 304th, which fielded the lighter 1065:

He then returned to his duties at Camp Meade, serving as executive officer and then as commander of the 305th Tank Brigade, which fielded

7906: 7577: 7527: 1094:, the chief of infantry, Eisenhower refrained from publishing theories that challenged existing tank doctrine. Although Secretary of War 425: 4469:

Biographer Jean Edward Smith notes that this unified command structure represented "an unprecedented achievement in coalition warfare.".

7615: 7522: 2222: 968: 555: 420: 2244:

policy of stopping Soviet expansion. Increasingly frustrated with his position of chief of staff, in 1948, he became the president of

816:, but was subsequently assigned to lead the Allied invasion of Western Europe in December 1943. He served as the supreme commander of 8094: 3322: 2617: 2209: 615: 288: 2295:

of NATO. In this role, he was charged with forging a cohesive military force capable of standing up to a potential Soviet invasion.

8625: 8163: 8073: 8068: 7988: 7923: 7537: 7386: 7275: 3565: 2481: 2327: 1270: 1099: 882: 832: 763: 716: 590: 578: 124: 1969:, bringing a close to the fighting in Normandy. Meanwhile, the Operation Dragoon landings were successful, as the Allies captured 9077: 7367: 4426: 3284: 1948:

High winds delayed Operation Overlord by a day, but Eisenhower chose to take advantage of a break in the weather and ordered the

1864: 1656: 2491: 2451: 2387: 1994: 1342: 1195: 964: 926: 727: 242: 8474: 7130: 7090: 7039: 7018: 6999: 6984: 6963: 6839: 4743: 2501: 1358: 9072: 8121: 8089: 5220:

Irish, Kerry (April 2010). "Dwight Eisenhower and Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines: There Must Be a Day of Reckoning".

4831:

Bucklin, Steven J. (December 15, 2016). "'Who needs Roads?' The Interstate Highway System in South Dakota after 60 Years".

4024: 3663: 2458: 2355: 2212:; he expressed opposition to the bombings on the grounds that the use of atomic weaponry would increase post-war tensions. 1806:, who secretly negotiated a surrender with the Allies. Germany responded by shifting several divisions to Italy, occupying 1210: 967:, where he served as the regimental supply officer. In September 1917, he was assigned to train reserve officers, first at 751: 652: 1655:, and Eisenhower appointed Giraud as the leader of French forces in Africa. Giraud would later become co-president of the 994:

after arriving in Europe. The 301st was initially scheduled to be deployed to Europe in early 1918, but in March 1918 the

8151: 8063: 8058: 6215: 4382: 3681: 2062: 1784: 1410: 1191: 1087: 712: 636: 110: 2145:, which provided for the joint governance of Germany by the four powers. Eisenhower became the military governor of the 1834:. With 24 German divisions defending the country's rugged terrain, Italy quickly became a secondary theater in the war. 796:

assigned Eisenhower to the War Plans Division in Washington, D.C. Eisenhower became the commander of American forces in

308: 7975: 7750: 7503: 7339: 4430: 4320: 4174: 3931: 3493: 2593: 2323: 2312: 2077: 1998: 1620: 1515: 400: 292: 252: 6834:

Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands in an interview with H.G. Meijer, published in "Het Vliegerkruis", Amsterdam 1997,

8111: 7871: 7849: 7421: 7058: 4286: 3843: 3188: 2193: 1398: 223: 6389:

Goedde, Petra (Winter 1999). "From Villains to Victims: Fraternization and the Feminization of Germany, 1945–1947".

340: 8467: 7827: 7601: 3632: 3582: 3296: 1843: 550: 273: 269: 8208: 2627:

Note - Sources vary as to titles and dates of assignment. The dates given above should be considered approximate.

2007:

From left, front row includes army officers Simpson, Patton, Spaatz, Eisenhower, Bradley, Hodges and Gerow in 1945

8378: 7883: 7745: 7607: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7493: 7456: 7378: 7300: 5333: 3983: 3878: 2292: 2287:(NATO), a military alliance of Western states that had been formed in 1949. Though Eisenhower was unable to sway 1749: 1050:, the rank he held for the next sixteen years. Along with the rest of the tank corps, Eisenhower was assigned to 998:

was established as an independent branch of the army, and Eisenhower's unit was assigned for further training at

938: 890: 813: 120: 2096:

before the Germans could destroy it. German resistance quickly collapsed, and on May 7, Eisenhower accepted the

1177:

On Conner's recommendation, and ranked in the top 10% of active-duty majors, in 1925–26 Eisenhower attended the

738:, ending the war as the commander of a battalion that trained tank crews. After the war, he served as part of a 8389: 8281: 7964: 7935: 7451: 7370: 7074: 7004:. Fort McPherson, GA: Office of Army Reserve History, United States Army Reserve Command – via Yumpu.com. 4085: 3558: 3435: 3386: 3370: 3329: 2611: 2465: 2378: 2097: 2016: 1686: 1652: 1608: 1501:, the build-up of Allied soldiers in Britain, Marshall and Eisenhower both came to the conclusion that General 1454:

of Nazi-occupied Western Europe in April 1943. Eisenhower and Marshall both shared the conclusion of President

1226: 862: 844: 723: 688: 499: 375: 7661: 7161: 9067: 8447: 8244: 8116: 7332: 4303: 3996: 3761: 3511: 2354:

experience, he did not have the respect of his colleagues given to those who served in battle. Field Marshal

2279: 1438: 1218: 1055: 1011: 739: 605: 438: 1591: 963:

in April 1917. Like many 19th Infantry personnel, Eisenhower was promoted and assigned to the newly created

7486: 4961: 4443: 4102: 3310: 1974: 1795: 1716:, was appointed as Eisenhower's deputy commander. At the same time, Eisenhower was promoted to the rank of 1106: 856: 623: 218: 6895: 3209: 3098: 3008: 847:; his presidential candidacy was successful and he served as president from January 1953 to January 1961. 8658: 8401: 7101: 6856: 4136: 4017: 3869: 3851: 3672: 2084:, and instead prioritized linking up with Soviet forces as soon as possible. Allied soldiers reached the 2003: 1222: 1117: 1043: 866: 700: 177: 3135: 2418:

Executive Officer (later commander), 305th Tank Brigade, Camp Meade, Maryland, March 1919 - January 1922

9021: 8633: 8559: 7654: 6766: 3978: 3957: 3944: 3838: 3518: 3470: 3459: 3349: 3165: 3022: 2515: 2138: 1913: 1381: 1292:

In 1935, he accompanied MacArthur to the Philippines, where he was charged with developing the nascent

3797: 3015: 2061:

In recognition of his senior position in the Allied command, on December 20, 1944, he was promoted to

1206:

regiment; many white officers viewed serving in an all-black unit as punishment for poor performance.

8168: 8038: 7888: 7815: 7704: 7471: 7441: 7001:

Chiefs of the Army Reserve: Biographical Sketches of the United States Army Reserve's Senior Officers

4269: 4010: 3430: 2820: 2758: 2698: 2691: 2684: 2677: 2545: 2326:, Eisenhower resigned from his NATO command and returned to the United States. He went on to win the 1957:. The Allies consolidated control of the landing zones and launched the next phase of the operation, 1775: 1393: 1059: 995: 573: 469: 206: 3038: 1148:

Between 1922 and 1939, Eisenhower served under a succession of talented generals – Fox Conner,

953:

and received his first command assignment when he was chosen to lead the 19th Infantry's Company F.

8584: 7993: 7918: 7877: 7854: 7810: 7682: 7672: 6746: 3694: 3381: 3361: 2902: 2508: 2177: 1890: 1819: 1733: 1729: 1573: 1451: 1369: 1297: 516: 211: 5404: 2858: 2792: 1401:

on October 3, 1941. Fellow officers predicted that he would become a major general in six months.

8936: 8688: 8260: 7842: 7786: 7666: 7476: 7171: 4337: 4265: 3774: 3728: 3571: 3248: 2659:

in 1950. The anvil represents the fact that his name is derived from the German for "iron hewer".

2580: 2405: 2146: 2118: 2069:

in most European armies. That same month, the Germans launched a surprise counter offensive, the

1868: 1815: 1717: 1350: 1346: 1266: 999: 950: 812:, forcing the surrender of all Axis forces in May 1943. Eisenhower led the opening phases of the 759: 3128: 3045: 2962: 2911: 2786: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2740: 1105:

both advocated for the continuation of the tank corps as an independent branch of the army, the

32: 8971: 8236: 8131: 7446: 3717: 3531: 3179: 2835: 2704: 2142: 1908: 1737: 1577: 1576:

to serve as a unified command structure, and to appoint one individual as the commander of all

1522: 1428: 704: 450: 192: 182: 154: 6870: 4768:. Harrisburg, PA: The Military Service Publishing Company. 1949. pp. 841–843 – via 4763: 4405:

Source - Official Register of Commissioned Officers of the United States Army, 1946. pg. 205.

2948: 2487:

Assistant to the U.S. Army Military Advisor to the Philippines, 1 October 1935 - December 1939

2011: 1489: 1033: 978: 8554: 8395: 8331: 7900: 7832: 7780: 7481: 7205: 6974: 6630: 5338: 4733: 4153: 3829: 3612: 2656: 2189: 2033: 1689: 1455: 1238: 1091: 1047: 960: 886: 703:". He rose through the ranks over the next thirty years and became one of the most important 380: 3989: 2918: 2895: 2125: 1542:

also frequently met with the press and emerged as a public symbol of the Allied war effort.

1237:, continued his study of World War I battles, and followed the contemporary politics of the 937:. While stationed there, Eisenhower served as the football coach for St. Louis College, now 8926: 8753: 8748: 8708: 8361: 8319: 8178: 8136: 7982: 7970: 7958: 7952: 7820: 7692: 7355: 1625: 1273: 766: 719:, though his rank as General of the Army was restored by an act of Congress in March 1961. 684: 536: 531: 323: 3158: 3029: 2999: 2932: 2711: 1533:

as the respective commanders of U.S. ground troops and air forces in the theater. General

8: 9031: 9001: 8976: 8951: 8941: 8921: 8906: 8876: 8833: 8813: 8783: 8768: 8569: 8343: 8141: 7798: 7643: 7466: 7426: 6944: 6741: 6656: 6631:""Eisenhower in Perspective: Ranking Him Among the Great Commanders of American History"" 4157: 3542: 2600: 2245: 2070: 2037: 2020: 1982: 1958: 1921: 1827: 1632:, who lived in the Vichy-controlled part of France but was not part of its high command. 1572:, an invasion in North Africa. The U.S. and Britain had previously agreed to establish a 1538: 1385: 1354: 1330: 1165: 836: 825: 805: 782: 480: 247: 6786: 2826: 2746: 2534:

Director, Operations Division, War Department General Staff, 9 March 1942 - 23 June 1942

2180:, he ordered camera crews to document evidence of the atrocities in them for use in the 9011: 8981: 8961: 8956: 8946: 8823: 8793: 8703: 8539: 8491: 8355: 7893: 7792: 7532: 7232: 6791: 3232: 2992: 2881: 2158: 1899: 1854: 1779: 1596: 1510: 1310: 1242: 1186: 1161: 870: 817: 793: 742:

that traveled across the continental United States. In 1922, he was transferred to the

696: 368: 228: 90: 3089: 2721: 1898:

In December 1943, President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower—not Marshall—would lead

1644: 1241:. In 1929, while helping General Pershing compile his memoirs, Eisenhower met Colonel 881:. West Point's chief medical officer offered to recommend him for a commission in the 8986: 8931: 8896: 8891: 8856: 8773: 8728: 8718: 8693: 8509: 8337: 8325: 8226: 8173: 8146: 8019: 7864: 7697: 7687: 7461: 7126: 7107: 7086: 7079: 7054: 7035: 7029: 7014: 6980: 6959: 6835: 6810: 4840: 4739: 4517: 4513: 4098: 3918: 3902: 3891: 3650: 3645: 3594: 3396: 3195: 2422: 2343: 2254: 2205: 2089: 1949: 1942: 1884: 1872: 1823: 1713: 1664: 1581: 1459: 1433: 1389: 1306: 1258: 1153: 1125: 906: 895: 809: 770: 743: 692: 545: 455: 388: 363: 233: 199: 8459: 6925:

Official Register of Commissioned Officers of the United States Army, 1964. pg. 155.

5342:. Salt Lake City, UT. Chicago Tribune Service. June 19, 1954. p. 4 – via 3119: 3068: 2939: 2801: 2647: 9036: 8911: 8901: 8871: 8808: 8763: 8758: 8678: 8648: 8579: 8529: 8313: 8301: 8289: 8252: 8198: 7940: 7257: 7175: 7165: 7154: 6772: 4538: 4501: 4119: 3791: 3786: 3477: 3453: 3441: 3417: 3289: 2978: 2730: 2640: 2391: 2360: 2347: 2181: 2150: 1799: 1754: 1725: 1676: 1639:, the commander of Vichy forces in North Africa, quickly agreed to an armistice in 1498: 1362: 1182: 1149: 1113: 1074: 1070: 972: 942: 930: 755: 731: 521: 70: 7148: 3225: 2872: 2635: 1209:

With Conner's help, Eisenhower was assigned to work under General Pershing on the

1124:, who told Pershing he wanted Eisenhower to serve as his executive officer in the 9046: 9026: 9006: 8881: 8861: 8778: 8733: 8723: 8673: 8668: 8599: 8589: 8544: 8433: 8426: 8307: 8295: 8268: 8231: 8193: 8104: 7714: 7709: 7431: 7316: 7268: 7216: 7120: 7050: 6953: 6771:. Washington, DC: Industrial College of the Armed Forces. p. 31 – via 6406:

Mission on the Rhine: Reeducation and Denazification in American-Occupied Germany

4521: 4505: 4457: 3743: 3303: 2985: 2969: 2955: 2497:

Executive Officer, 15th Infantry Regiment, Fort Lewis, April 1940 - November 1940

2339: 2300: 2237: 2233: 2185: 1937: 1803: 1569: 1561: 1551: 1502: 1443: 1425: 1373: 1293: 1234: 1203: 1102: 1095: 1078: 1023: 959:

had broken out in Europe in 1914, and the U.S. joined the war on the side of the

801: 778: 443: 278: 187: 3052: 2080:. Eisenhower declined to engage the Soviets in a race for the German capital of 8916: 8818: 8594: 8564: 8549: 8349: 7726: 6796: 6751: 5343: 4525: 3576: 3484: 3404: 2288: 2229: 2170: 1966: 1903: 1763: 1534: 1377: 1326: 1281: 1066: 797: 786: 487: 58: 3172: 3075: 2842: 2471:

Staff officer, American Battle Monuments Commission, July 1928 - November 1929

9061: 8991: 8966: 8886: 8803: 8798: 8788: 8743: 8738: 8683: 8663: 8643: 8574: 8534: 8524: 8412: 7859: 7677: 4844: 2604: 2201: 2134: 2117:

Eisenhower served as military governor of the American zone (highlighted) in

2066: 2024: 1929: 1700:

Following the success of Operation Torch, the Allies launched an invasion of

1636: 1526: 460: 3202: 3105: 2810: 1353:

in March 1941. He hoped for a regimental command, but was disappointed when

905:

The 1912 West Point football team. Dwight D. Eisenhower is third from left.

9041: 9016: 8866: 8838: 8713: 8653: 8638: 8519: 8407: 7763: 7286: 6990: 4769: 4749: 4081: 3447: 3082: 2851: 2652: 2412: 2165:. In September 1945, Eisenhower removed General Patton from his command in 1978: 1811: 1791:

as the leader of preparations for the upcoming invasion of Western Europe.

1788: 1759: 1629: 1616: 1600: 1537:

became the commander of the theater's logistical organization, and General

1463: 1337: 1199: 991: 949:. Eisenhower performed security duties along the Mexican Border during the 914: 910: 708: 170: 4460:

together. Thompson died in 1954, and the Eisenhowers attended his funeral.

4425:

During World War I, the United States had created a new organization, the

3255: 2865: 2113: 2053:

region, while General Bradley called for an attack further south into the

1724:. In February 1943, German forces launched a successful attack on General 8828: 8698: 7733: 4509: 4223:(Discharged as major and appointed as captain due to reduction of Army.) 4046: 3923: 3422: 3218: 2716: 2271: 2267: 2241: 1954: 1660: 1624:

forces in Africa to support the Allied campaign, Eisenhower and diplomat

1530: 1467: 1321: 1007: 956: 934: 922: 839:, but rejoined the army in 1951 to become the first supreme commander of 774: 735: 492: 162: 6728:

Viking of Assault: Admiral John Leslie Hall, Jr., and Amphibious Warfare

1879: 1588:, making him the direct superior of both American and British officers. 1584:. Eisenhower became the commander of all Allied forces operating in the 1556: 781:. Eisenhower returned to the United States in 1939 and took part in the 8996: 8514: 8383: 7648: 7324: 7031:

Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945

6768:

The Industrial College of the Armed Forces, 25th Anniversary, 1924-1949

4489: 3536: 2655:

granted to Eisenhower upon his incorporation as a knight of the Danish

2429: 2398: 2275: 2249: 2046: 1287:

Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy

1277: 1185:. He was worried that he would be disadvantaged by not having attended 1141: 1121: 1082: 1051: 1003: 987: 747: 3059: 2474:

Aide to the Assistant Secretary of War, November 1929 - September 1932

1525:

as the commander of U.S. naval forces in Europe, and selected General

1376:. In June 1941, he was appointed chief of staff to Lieutenant General 1028: 901: 808:. After the success of Operation Torch, Eisenhower led the successful 691:

at West Point. He graduated from West Point and was commissioned as a

7998: 6941:

Eisenhower: Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect (1893–1952)

3821: 3735: 3269: 2888: 2528:

Deputy Chief, War Plans Division, 19 December 1941 - 15 February 1942

2433: 2303:, who had most recently served as United Nations commander in Korea. 2162: 1970: 1962: 878: 777:, where they served as military advisers charged with developing the 4447:

officer in the Philippines until he was reassigned in December 1939.

3149: 1233:

in August 1928. While in Europe, he learned to read (but not speak)

6875:

Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, and Boyhood Home

3936: 3856: 2437: 2054: 1925: 1859: 1253: 1157: 821: 4391: 4374: 4329: 1615:. At the time, both Algeria and French Morocco were controlled by 1447:

describing him as "one of the finest staff officers in the army".

4360: 4346: 4312: 4295: 4278: 4257: 4243: 4229: 4213: 4199: 4183: 4166: 4145: 4128: 4111: 3972: 3896: 3803: 3617: 3523: 2924: 2166: 2093: 2042: 1831: 1701: 1640: 1612: 1248: 835:. Eisenhower left active duty in 1948 to become the president of 3262: 2394:, September 1915 - February 1918, including command of Company F 715:

in 1944. Eisenhower retired from the military after winning the

7111: 3883: 3766: 3699: 3686: 3637: 3599: 3547: 2342:

ranked Eisenhower as the third-greatest U.S. Army leader after

2200:, where he observed Russian culture and met with Soviet leader 2197: 2081: 2015:

Eisenhower with Allied commanders following the signing of the

1988: 1693: 1170: 1131: 946: 921:

Eisenhower requested to serve in the Insular Government of the

874: 6453: 6451: 6330: 6328: 6015: 5979: 5967: 1384:

at Fort Sam Houston. In mid-1941, the U.S. Army conducted the

1341:

1939 and was assigned as commanding officer of 1st Battalion,

1217:, a 282-page work which consisted largely of a history of the 1136: 132:

Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force in Western Europe

7739: 6635:

Fourth Biennial Dwight D. Eisenhower Lecture in War and Peace

6583: 5739: 5583: 5534: 5532: 5445: 5423: 5421: 5260: 5258: 3949: 3779: 3748: 3722: 3498: 2541:, United States Army (ETOUSA), 24 June 1942 - 3 February 1943 2085: 1771: 1705: 1473: 1230: 509: 6795:. Shreveport, LA. February 28, 1933. p. 16 – via 6750:. Fort Worth, TX. September 11, 1932. p. 7 – via 5823: 2477:

Student, Army Industrial College, September 1932 - June 1933

1265:

In 1929, Eisenhower became the executive officer to General

7756: 7304: 6547: 6535: 6523: 6511: 6499: 6487: 6475: 6448: 6412: 6325: 6241: 6229: 6135: 6039: 5955: 5895: 5847: 5561: 5559: 5167: 5165: 4919: 4917: 3239: 3142: 3112: 2284: 2050: 2049:. General Montgomery proposed an assault through Germany's 1807: 1202:, Georgia until 1927. Eisenhower disliked serving with the 840: 504: 7395:

Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force

5859: 5787: 5529: 5418: 5255: 5066: 4996: 4994: 2531:

Chief, War Plans Division, 16 February 1942 - 8 March 1942

1837: 1116:

found that Eisenhower had improperly received $ 250.76 in

1002:. After months of rudimentary training, the first tank, a 7722:

Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954

6607: 6595: 6463: 6424: 6340: 6313: 6301: 6289: 6277: 6265: 6253: 6183: 6171: 6159: 6147: 6111: 6099: 6087: 6075: 6063: 6051: 6027: 5991: 5931: 5919: 5907: 5871: 5835: 5811: 5799: 5433: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5299: 5297: 5189: 5102: 4590: 1936:

nine divisions to land at five zones. Three divisions of

1415:

Military history of the United States during World War II

7247:

Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany

7011:

The Age of Eisenhower: America and the World in the 1950

6559: 6436: 5775: 5763: 5751: 5715: 5703: 5691: 5655: 5643: 5631: 5619: 5595: 5556: 5517: 5505: 5493: 5481: 5469: 5457: 5374: 5362: 5350: 5282: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5201: 5177: 5162: 5150: 4914: 4866: 4643: 4641: 1758:

By November 1943, the Allies (red) had taken control of

945:, the daughter of a meat-processing facility owner from 734:. He served in the continental United States throughout 129:

Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany

7162:

Eisenhower Says We Must Back Victory, 1946/06/03 (1946)

5667: 5544: 5138: 5114: 5090: 4991: 2553:

North African Theater of Operations, United States Army

1985:, preventing Germany from sending reinforcements west. 1778:

was overseen by Eisenhower and Alexander, with General

5309: 5294: 5078: 5042: 5030: 5018: 5006: 4979: 4929: 4902: 4878: 4856: 4854: 4812: 4713: 4677: 4665: 4488:

In response to Operation Torch, Nazi Germany had also

792:

After the United States entered World War II, General

758:. In 1929, he became the executive officer to General 8489: 7838:

Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954

6871:"USA and Foreign Decorations of Dwight D. Eisenhower" 6195: 6123: 6003: 5943: 5883: 5228: 5054: 4800: 4776: 4701: 4689: 4653: 4638: 4626: 4614: 4602: 4554: 1480:

Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II

1046:, but was almost immediately promoted to the rank of 6571: 5727: 5679: 5607: 5571: 5270: 5126: 4578: 2261: 4941: 4890: 4851: 4788: 2428:Staff officer and intramural football coach, Third 1392:that the army had ever conducted on U.S. soil. The 1325:Eisenhower served as chief of staff to Lt. General 1029:

Tank warfare and transcontinental convoy, 1918–1921

9083:Early lives of the presidents of the United States 8100:Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite 7913:President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports 7477:Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany 7153:is available for free viewing and download at the 7078: 4962:"Dwight D. Eisenhower: Life Before the Presidency" 4566: 4399:General of the Army, Regular Army: April 11, 1946 2567:European Theater of Operations, United States Army 2169:after the latter publicly expressed opposition to 2108: 134:Commanding General, European Theater of Operations 7805:U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 6979:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 6976:Eisenhower: Becoming the Leader of the Free World 4354:Brigadier General, Regular Army: August 30, 1943 2630: 2240:escalated, Eisenhower had come to agree with the 2215: 1316: 1109:folded the tank corps into the infantry. In 1921 843:. He left the army once again in 1952 to run for 136:Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces in North Africa 9059: 7929:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division 4492:, ending the period of Vichy quasi-independence. 4289:, Army of the United States: September 29, 1941 2560:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces 1419: 982:Lieutenant Colonel Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1919. 7947:Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act 7081:Grand Expectations: The United States 1945–1974 5391: 5389: 4385:, Army of the United States: December 20, 1944 4340:, Army of the United States: February 11, 1943 4251:Lieutenant Colonel, Regular Army: July 1, 1936 2141:met on June 5, 1945, agreeing to establish the 1073:was strengthened by a close collaboration with 1249:Service under Moseley and MacArthur, 1929–1939 1215:A Guide to the American Battlefields in Europe 8475: 8189:Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol) 8127:Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport 8044:Republican Party presidential primaries (1948 7340: 7172:Gen. "Ike" Man of the Hour, 1945/06/18 (1945) 6811:"Military Biography, Dwight David Eisenhower" 5224:. Vol. 74, no. 2. pp. 439–473. 4368:Major General, Regular Army: August 30, 1943 660: 6715:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 154. 6710: 6685:. University of North Carolina. p. 119. 5386: 4306:, Army of the United States: March 27, 1942 3968:Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash 2196:in Germany. At Zhukov's request, he visited 1989:Liberation of France and invasion of Germany 1309:, George S. Patton, George C. Marshall, and 1132:Service under Conner and Pershing, 1922–1929 7907:People to People Student Ambassador Program 7683:Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization 6855:. American Heraldry Society. Archived from 6787:"Army Orders: Majors; Dwight D. Eisenhower" 6730:. University Press of America. p. 122. 6624: 6622: 2555:(NATOUSA), 4 February 1943 - 8 January 1944 2468:, Washington, D.C., August 1927 - June 1928 2103: 2027:to his right (from the reader's viewpoint). 1599:, Eisenhower's direct superior for most of 1006:, arrived in June 1918. In September, the " 909:is eighth from the left, in the A sweater. 8482: 8468: 7347: 7333: 6951: 6901:. Austrian Parliament. 2012. p. 194. 6711:Bradley, Omar Nelson; Blair, Clay (1983). 6700:. New York: Holt and Company. p. 282. 6393:. Vol. 23, no. 1. pp. 1–19. 5108: 4323:, Army of the United States: July 7, 1942 2548:(AFHQ), 12 September 1942 - 8 January 1944 2223:Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 1474:Operations in the Mediterranean, 1942–1943 769:. In 1935, Eisenhower accompanied General 667: 653: 31: 8069:United States Presidential election (1952 7073: 7008: 6589: 6565: 6553: 6529: 6517: 6493: 6481: 6442: 6418: 6247: 5673: 5550: 5538: 5427: 5334:"Nation's Chief Pays Last Rite to Friend" 5264: 5144: 5120: 5072: 5000: 4620: 4596: 4442:MacArthur also accepted appointment as a 3817:Order of the Liberator General San Martín 2210:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 2129:Eisenhower (left) in Warsaw, Poland, 1945 1722:twelfth four-star general in U.S. history 1225:during World War I. He next attended the 850: 293:President of the United States of America 8164:Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center 7989:Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960 7354: 7276:Chief of Staff of the United States Army 6972: 6765:Vanaman, Arthur W. (February 25, 1949). 6695: 6654: 6637:. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University 6619: 4960:Pach, Charles J. Jr. (October 4, 2016). 4608: 2646: 2634: 2569:(ETOUSA), 16 January 1944 - 30 June 1945 2124: 2112: 2010: 2002: 1889: 1878: 1858: 1753: 1680: 1590: 1555: 1488: 1484: 1320: 1252: 1135: 1032: 986:In February 1918, he was transferred to 977: 900: 833:chief of staff of the United States Army 726:in 1915, Eisenhower was assigned to the 125:Chief of Staff of the United States Army 7223:Commanding General of U.S. Army Europe 7196:Commanding General of U.S. Army Europe 7027: 6997: 6938: 6764: 6628: 6541: 6505: 6457: 6376:American Military Government in Germany 6361:The United States in Germany, 1944–1955 6334: 6235: 6141: 6045: 5961: 5901: 5853: 5829: 5793: 5320: 5303: 5237: 5060: 4923: 4872: 4830: 4806: 4782: 4738:. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 56. 4707: 4695: 4584: 4221:Captain, Regular Army: November 4, 1922 2614:(EUCOM), 22 February 1951 - 30 May 1952 2590:(USFET), 1 July 1945 - 10 November 1945 2562:(SHAEF), 16 January 1944 - 14 July 1945 2494:, Fort Lewis, January 1940 - April 1940 2133:Eisenhower, Montgomery, Soviet Marshal 1894:Eisenhower as General of the Army, 1945 1838:Operations in Western Europe, 1944–1945 1657:French Committee of National Liberation 1564:landings in North Africa, November 1942 1462:that the United States should pursue a 1054:in Maryland. In 1919, he served on the 681:military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower 9060: 6725: 6388: 4731: 2421:Staff officer, 20th Infantry Brigade, 2401:, Maryland, February 1918 - March 1918 2366: 2320:1952 Republican presidential primaries 1995:Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine 1871:, on June 5, 1944, the day before the 1830:, the Allied landing near the port of 800:in June 1942 and was assigned to lead 243:Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine 16:Overview of the US Army officer's work 8463: 7328: 7150:"Famous Generals - Eisenhower (1963)" 7118: 7099: 7048: 6817:. Lawrence, KS: Kansas Heritage Group 6680: 6613: 6601: 6577: 6469: 6430: 6346: 6319: 6307: 6295: 6283: 6271: 6259: 6213: 6201: 6189: 6177: 6165: 6153: 6129: 6117: 6105: 6093: 6081: 6069: 6057: 6033: 6021: 6009: 5997: 5985: 5973: 5949: 5937: 5925: 5913: 5889: 5877: 5865: 5841: 5817: 5805: 5781: 5769: 5757: 5745: 5733: 5721: 5709: 5697: 5685: 5661: 5649: 5637: 5625: 5613: 5601: 5589: 5577: 5565: 5523: 5511: 5499: 5487: 5475: 5463: 5451: 5439: 5380: 5368: 5356: 5288: 5276: 5249: 5219: 5207: 5195: 5183: 5171: 5156: 5132: 5096: 5084: 5048: 5036: 5024: 5012: 4985: 4947: 4935: 4908: 4896: 4884: 4860: 4818: 4794: 4719: 4683: 4671: 4659: 4647: 4632: 4572: 4560: 4237:Major, Regular Army: August 26, 1924 2504:, 30 November 1940 - 28 February 1941 2415:, Georgia, December 1918 - March 1919 1848: 8122:Eisenhower Executive Office Building 8059:Republican National Convention (1952 7494:Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952 6403: 6373: 6358: 4959: 4191:Captain, Regular Army: June 30, 1920 2596:, 19 November 1945 - 6 February 1948 2459:American Battle Monuments Commission 2384:Furlough, June 1915 - September 1915 2359:sound battlefield tactics." Admiral 1981:launched a major offensive known as 1863:Eisenhower speaking with men of the 1794:During the campaign in Sicily, King 1211:American Battle Monuments Commission 913:is on the far right, to the left of 752:American Battle Monuments Commission 289:President of Columbia University, NY 8290:Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower 6655:Morelock, Jerry D. (January 2014). 4011:Croix de guerre 1940–1945 with Palm 3710:Order of Military Merit, 1st Class 2371: 2204:. Eisenhower learned of the secret 1924:; the plan called for a landing in 1743: 1670: 1586:Mediterranean Theater of Operations 1411:Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt 889:. Eisenhower intended to become an 396:34th President of the United States 13: 7976:Student loans in the United States 7751:National Aeronautics and Space Act 6853:"The Arms of Dwight D. Eisenhower" 6713:A General's Life: An Autobiography 4524:were all sequentially promoted to 4390: 4373: 4359: 4345: 4328: 4311: 4294: 4277: 4256: 4242: 4228: 4212: 4207:Major, Regular Army: July 2, 1920 4198: 4182: 4177:, National Army: October 20, 1918 4165: 4144: 4127: 4110: 3932:Order of the Royal House of Chakri 3494:National Order of Honour and Merit 2620:(NATO), 2 April 1951 - 30 May 1952 2594:Chief of Staff, United States Army 2482:Chief of Staff, United States Army 2408:, 30 March 1918 - 19 November 1918 2313:Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower 2285:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1999:Western Allied invasion of Germany 1611:and on the Mediterranean coast of 1545: 877:life and began planning a trip to 357:Supreme Allied Commander in Europe 253:Western Allied invasion of Germany 14: 9094: 8112:Eisenhower National Historic Site 7872:Federal Voting Assistance Program 7850:Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 7422:1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy 7141: 4735:Life and Times of the Atomic Bomb 3844:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2522: 2518:, 14 June 1941 - 18 December 1941 2445:Command and General Staff College 2262:NATO Supreme Commander, 1951–1952 1865:502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment 1820:Allied invasion of mainland Italy 1179:Command and General Staff College 1144:served as a mentor to Eisenhower. 785:as the chief of staff to General 224:Western Allied invasion of France 8615: 8608: 8443: 8442: 7828:Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954 7174:is available for viewing at the 7164:is available for viewing at the 6919: 6888: 6863: 6845: 6828: 6803: 6779: 6758: 6734: 6719: 6704: 6689: 6674: 6657:"Eisenhower Under Fire, 1944-45" 6648: 6397: 6382: 6367: 6352: 6207: 5403:. April 13, 1942. Archived from 4531: 4495: 4068: 4025:Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945 3583:Military Order of the White Lion 3339:European-African-Middle Eastern 3297:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 3285:Army Distinguished Service Medal 3268: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3217: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3178: 3171: 3164: 3157: 3148: 3141: 3134: 3127: 3118: 3111: 3104: 3097: 3088: 3081: 3074: 3067: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3037: 3028: 3021: 3014: 3007: 2998: 2991: 2984: 2977: 2968: 2961: 2954: 2947: 2938: 2931: 2923: 2917: 2910: 2901: 2894: 2887: 2880: 2871: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2841: 2834: 2825: 2819: 2809: 2800: 2791: 2785: 2778: 2771: 2764: 2757: 2745: 2739: 2729: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2703: 2697: 2690: 2683: 2676: 2607:, 7 June 1948 - 19 December 1950 2583:, 5 June 1945 - 10 November 1945 2023:stands to Eisenhower's left and 1844:European theatre of World War II 1257:Eisenhower served under General 1192:Reserve Officers' Training Corps 746:, where he served under General 687:took the oath as a cadet at the 640: 635: 629: 622: 307: 274:Army Distinguished Service Medal 270:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 8379:Eisenhower baseball controversy 7924:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights 7884:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 7746:EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958 7457:People of Western Europe speech 7379:Supreme Allied Commander Europe 7301:Supreme Allied Commander Europe 6908:from the original on 2012-10-22 6742:"Texas Heroes of the World War" 5326: 5213: 4953: 4824: 4765:Essentials of Military Training 4756: 4725: 4482: 4472: 4463: 4450: 4436: 4419: 3984:Commonwealth of the Philippines 3879:Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero 3293:(1922, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1952) 2618:Supreme Allied Commander Europe 2425:, January 1922 - September 1924 2266:In June 1950, Communist-backed 2121:from May through November 1945. 2109:Occupation zone commander, 1945 1973:and began moving north. On the 1750:Italian campaign (World War II) 1404: 1017: 611:Presidential library and museum 121:Supreme Allied Commander Europe 9078:Military careers by individual 7965:National Defense Education Act 7936:Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957 7452:June 6, 1944, order of the day 7437:European Theater of Operations 7371:President of the United States 7009:Hitchcock, William I. (2018). 6931: 4193:(Reverted to permanent rank.) 4086:United States Military Academy 3682:Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa 3559:Order of the Cross of Grunwald 3371:National Defense Service Medal 3330:American Defense Service Medal 2631:Orders, decorations and medals 2539:European Theater of Operations 2440:, September 1924 - August 1925 2379:United States Military Academy 2216:Army Chief of Staff, 1945–1948 2206:development of the atomic bomb 2092:a key bridge near the town of 2017:German Instrument of Surrender 1653:Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle 1507:European Theater of Operations 1317:Eve of World War II, 1939–1941 863:United States Military Academy 861:Eisenhower graduated with the 845:President of the United States 724:United States Military Academy 689:United States Military Academy 1: 8246:Backstairs at the White House 8117:Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial 7941:Little Rock Nine intervention 7833:Internal Revenue Code of 1954 6896:"Questions to the Chancellor" 6683:Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory 4548: 4139:, Regular Army: May 15, 1917 4122:, Regular Army: July 1, 1916 3762:Order of the Cloud and Banner 3744:The Most High Order of Ismail 3566:Polish Provisional Government 3512:Order of the Netherlands Lion 3474:(Polish government-in-exile) 2511:, 1 March 1941 - 13 June 1941 2333: 2306: 1628:attempted to recruit General 1420:War Plans Division, 1941–1942 1269:, who served on the staff of 1219:American Expeditionary Forces 1056:Transcontinental Motor Convoy 1012:Armistice of 11 November 1918 762:, who served on the staff of 754:under the command of General 740:Transcontinental Motor Convoy 8209:Other tributes and memorials 7487:European Advisory Commission 6955:Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life 3942:Grand Cordon of the Supreme 3491:Grand Cross with Gold Badge 3392:Honorary Knight Grand Cross 3333:with "Foreign Service" clasp 3311:Mexican Border Service Medal 2484:, June 1933 - 1 October 1935 2461:, January 1927 - August 1927 2454:, August 1926 - January 1927 2065:, equivalent to the rank of 1967:Battle of the Falaise Pocket 1796:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 1521:Eisenhower retained Admiral 1107:National Defense Act of 1920 857:United States in World War I 7: 9073:United States Army generals 8402:Introduction to Outer Space 8390:And I don't care what it is 8204:Places named for Eisenhower 7787:Outer Continental Shelf Act 7608:Military–industrial complex 7122:Eisenhower in War and Peace 7119:Smith, Jean Edward (2012). 7085:. Oxford University Press. 7034:. Oxford University Press. 6214:Grier, Peter (March 2012). 5222:Journal of Military History 3870:Order of the Queen of Sheba 3852:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 3673:Order of the Southern Cross 3664:Order of Aeronautical Merit 2581:American Zone of Occupation 2573: 2274:, marking the start of the 1458:and British Prime Minister 867:the class the stars fell on 701:the class the stars fell on 178:Battle of the Mediterranean 10: 9099: 7655:Korean Armistice Agreement 7626:Presidential Proclamations 7533:State of the Union Address 7387:Chief of Staff of the Army 7028:Kennedy, David M. (1999). 6998:Hilkert, David E. (2004). 4732:Berger, Albert I. (2016). 3979:Distinguished Service Star 3958:Philippine Legion of Honor 3945:Order of the Chrysanthemum 3839:Order pro Merito Melitensi 3471:Order of Polonia Restituta 3460:Polish government-in-exile 3350:World War II Victory Medal 2612:U.S. Army European Command 2588:US Forces European Theater 2558:Supreme Allied Commander, 2490:Commander, 1st Battalion, 2328:1952 presidential election 2310: 2280:People's Republic of China 2188:(POWs) in U.S. custody as 2139:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny 1992: 1852: 1841: 1747: 1712:, the head of the British 1674: 1549: 1509:(ETO), suggesting General 1477: 1408: 1296:. Congress had passed the 1271:Assistant Secretary of War 1021: 941:. He also met and married 925:, but was assigned to the 854: 810:Allied invasion of Tunisia 764:Assistant Secretary of War 722:After graduating from the 717:1952 presidential election 699:in June 1915, as part of " 8847: 8624: 8606: 8498: 8421: 8371: 8280: 8217: 8169:Eisenhower Medical Center 8082: 8039:Draft Eisenhower movement 8031: 8012: 7889:Interstate Highway System 7816:National Wool Act of 1954 7773: 7705:Atomic Energy Act of 1954 7667:"Chance for Peace" speech 7634: 7502: 7442:Allied invasion of Sicily 7405: 7362: 7312: 7298: 7293: 7282: 7273: 7264: 7253: 7244: 7239: 7228: 7221: 7212: 7201: 7194: 7191:Maj. Gen. James E. Chaney 7188: 7183: 6939:Ambrose, Stephen (1983). 6726:Godson, Susan H. (1982). 6681:Lewis, Adrian R. (2001). 6629:Weigley, Russell (1991). 4270:Army of the United States 4059: 4054: 4050:with '8' and '1' devices 4045: 4038: 4028: 4023: 4016: 4009: 3997:Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 3995: 3988: 3977: 3966: 3954: 3941: 3928: 3911: 3901: 3888: 3875: 3866: 3848: 3835: 3826: 3813: 3796: 3784: 3771: 3758: 3740: 3727: 3714: 3709: 3691: 3678: 3669: 3660: 3642: 3629: 3622: 3609: 3591: 3581: 3570: 3557: 3541: 3528: 3515: 3508: 3490: 3483: 3476: 3469: 3452: 3440: 3431:Order of Ouissam Alaouite 3427: 3414: 3391: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3348: 3337: 3328: 3323:World War I Victory Medal 3321: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3283: 2672: 2546:Allied Force Headquarters 2447:, August 1925 - June 1926 2322:. After winning the 1952 2184:. He reclassified German 2036:, Eisenhower ordered the 1060:Interstate Highway System 820:, the Allied invasion of 804:, the Allied invasion of 683:began in June 1911, when 470:Interstate Highway System 284: 265: 207:Allied invasion of Sicily 140: 116: 106: 96: 84: 76: 64: 52: 42: 30: 23: 8240:(1949 television series) 7994:Civil Rights Act of 1960 7919:Civil Rights Act of 1957 7878:Bank Holding Company Act 7855:Agricultural Act of 1956 7811:Agricultural Act of 1954 7662:1953 Iranian coup d'état 7103:Eisenhower The President 7100:Pusey, Merlo J. (1956). 7013:. Simon & Schuster. 6973:Galambos, Louis (2018). 6747:Fort Worth Star-Telegram 6024:, pp. 331–333, 349. 5988:, pp. 324–325, 347. 5976:, pp. 322–323, 331. 5748:, pp. 245–246, 251. 5592:, pp. 214–215, 221. 5454:, pp. 180–181, 194. 4968:. University of Virginia 4490:occupied southern France 4412: 4039:Commemorative War Cross 3836:Grand Cross with Swords 3695:Order of the Aztec Eagle 3643:Grand Cross with Swords 3401:Military Division (GCB) 3362:Army of Occupation Medal 2397:Tank Company Commander, 2178:Nazi concentration camps 2147:American occupation zone 2104:Postwar military service 1798:arrested Prime Minister 1785:slapped two subordinates 1734:Battle of Kasserine Pass 1574:Combined Chiefs of Staff 750:. He then served on the 517:Civil Rights Act of 1957 316:This article is part of 212:Allied invasion of Italy 8262:Ike: Countdown to D-Day 7843:Small Watershed Program 7051:"Ike: An American Hero" 7049:Korda, Michael (2007). 6952:D'Este, Carlo (2003) . 6696:Atkinson, Rick (2002). 6404:Tent, James F. (1982). 5397:"Two Stars on Schedule" 4094:No pin insignia in 1915 3798:Order of Abdon Calderón 3775:Military Order of Italy 3741:Grand Cordon with Star 3729:Cross of Military Merit 3633:Order of Military Merit 3572:Order of the White Lion 3394:of the Most Honourable 2639:The star of the Soviet 2406:Camp Colt, Pennsylvania 2381:, June 1911 - June 1915 2149:, located primarily in 2119:Allied-occupied Germany 1869:101st Airborne Division 1816:Italian Social Republic 1267:George Van Horn Moseley 1069:. His new expertise in 951:Pancho Villa Expedition 760:George Van Horn Moseley 25:Dwight David Eisenhower 8132:Eisenhower Fellowships 7447:Armistice of Cassibile 4395: 4378: 4364: 4350: 4333: 4316: 4299: 4282: 4261: 4247: 4233: 4217: 4203: 4187: 4170: 4149: 4132: 4115: 3532:Order of the Oak Crown 2660: 2644: 2643:awarded to Eisenhower. 2492:15th Infantry Regiment 2452:24th Infantry Regiment 2194:Soviet occupation zone 2143:Allied Control Council 2130: 2122: 2028: 2008: 1909:Trafford Leigh-Mallory 1895: 1887: 1876: 1826:, who nearly defeated 1802:and replaced him with 1767: 1738:North African Campaign 1697: 1603: 1565: 1523:Harold Rainsford Stark 1494: 1429:attack on Pearl Harbor 1343:15th Infantry Regiment 1334: 1262: 1261:for much of the 1930s. 1196:24th Infantry Regiment 1145: 1111:Army Inspector General 1038: 983: 965:57th Infantry Regiment 927:19th Infantry Regiment 918: 851:Early years, 1915–1918 728:19th Infantry Regiment 616:Tributes and memorials 563:Presidential campaigns 193:Battle of Port Lyautey 183:North African campaign 155:Mexican Border Service 8396:Atoms for Peace Award 8332:Ida Stover Eisenhower 8328:(great-granddaughter) 7901:Fish and Wildlife Act 7781:Executive Order 10479 7590:Judicial appointments 7482:Disarmed Enemy Forces 6374:Zink, Harold (1947). 6359:Zink, Harold (1957). 6216:"The Highest Ranking" 5339:The Salt Lake Tribune 4394: 4377: 4363: 4349: 4332: 4315: 4298: 4281: 4260: 4246: 4232: 4216: 4202: 4186: 4169: 4148: 4131: 4114: 4029:Medal of Civic Merit 3889:Special Class of the 3830:Order of the Redeemer 3613:Order of the Elephant 3374:with oak leaf cluster 3344:with 9 campaign stars 2657:Order of the Elephant 2650: 2638: 2502:3rd Infantry Division 2324:New Hampshire primary 2311:Further information: 2270:invaded U.S.-aligned 2190:Disarmed Enemy Forces 2137:, and French General 2128: 2116: 2034:Dietrich von Choltitz 2014: 2006: 1993:Further information: 1920:group led by General 1893: 1882: 1862: 1853:Further information: 1842:Further information: 1810:, and establishing a 1757: 1748:Further information: 1690:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1684: 1675:Further information: 1594: 1559: 1550:Further information: 1492: 1485:Appointment in Europe 1478:Further information: 1456:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1441:the following month, 1409:Further information: 1359:3rd Infantry Division 1324: 1313:during World War II. 1256: 1239:French Third Republic 1139: 1092:Charles S. Farnsworth 1036: 1022:Further information: 981: 939:St. Mary's University 904: 855:Further information: 97:Years of service 9068:Dwight D. Eisenhower 8849:Vice Chiefs of Staff 8362:Milton S. Eisenhower 8320:Mary Jean Eisenhower 8179:Eisenhower Golf Club 8137:Eisenhower Institute 7983:Hawaii Admission Act 7971:Federal Perkins Loan 7959:Humane Slaughter Act 7953:Alaska Statehood Act 7821:Special Milk Program 7356:Dwight D. Eisenhower 6945:Simon & Schuster 5868:, pp. 294, 299. 5832:, pp. 250, 298. 5442:, pp. 176, 183. 5198:, pp. 141, 149. 4833:South Dakota History 3833:(Kingdom of Greece) 3587:1st Class Gold Star 3365:with "Germany" clasp 2551:Commander-in-Chief, 2544:Commander-in-Chief, 2098:surrender of Germany 1626:Robert Daniel Murphy 1518:shortly thereafter. 1372:under Major General 1298:Tydings–McDuffie Act 1274:Frederick Huff Payne 1245:for the first time. 1052:Fort George G. Meade 988:Camp Meade, Maryland 767:Frederick Huff Payne 711:, being promoted to 528:Admission of states 376:Surrender of Germany 325:Dwight D. Eisenhower 8344:Edgar N. Eisenhower 8159:U.S. Postage stamps 8142:Eisenhower Monument 7799:Submerged Lands Act 7644:Eisenhower Doctrine 7467:Operation Veritable 7427:Louisiana Maneuvers 6815:Kansas Heritage.org 6616:, pp. 291–292. 6604:, pp. 761–762. 6592:, pp. 259–261. 6544:, pp. 502–511. 6508:, pp. 479–483. 6472:, pp. 461–462. 6460:, pp. 432–452. 6433:, pp. 449–450. 6349:, pp. 453–455. 6337:, pp. 421–425. 6322:, pp. 437–438. 6310:, pp. 430–431. 6298:, pp. 418–420. 6286:, pp. 423–424. 6274:, pp. 423–426. 6262:, pp. 416–417. 6238:, pp. 375–380. 6192:, pp. 399–405. 6180:, pp. 397–399. 6168:, pp. 396–397. 6156:, pp. 387–390. 6144:, pp. 340–354. 6120:, pp. 382–383. 6108:, pp. 379–382. 6096:, pp. 365–368. 6084:, pp. 355–358. 6072:, pp. 359–362. 6060:, pp. 351–352. 6048:, pp. 286–288. 6036:, pp. 334–335. 6000:, pp. 345–346. 5964:, pp. 280–281. 5940:, pp. 321–322. 5928:, pp. 319–321. 5916:, pp. 311–317. 5904:, pp. 275–276. 5880:, pp. 296–297. 5856:, pp. 594–598. 5844:, pp. 284–289. 5820:, pp. 280–281. 5808:, pp. 268–269. 5796:, pp. 583–584. 5784:, pp. 263–265. 5772:, pp. 261–263. 5760:, pp. 254–259. 5724:, pp. 243–244. 5712:, pp. 276–278. 5700:, pp. 251–252. 5664:, pp. 237–239. 5652:, pp. 235–237. 5640:, pp. 232–233. 5628:, pp. 224–226. 5604:, pp. 220–222. 5568:, pp. 184–185. 5526:, pp. 205–208. 5514:, pp. 198–200. 5502:, pp. 193–197. 5490:, pp. 192–193. 5478:, pp. 187–191. 5466:, pp. 185–187. 5383:, pp. 167–170. 5371:, pp. 239–243. 5359:, pp. 155–156. 5291:, pp. 157–159. 5252:, pp. 140–141. 5210:, pp. 127–128. 5186:, pp. 138–144. 5174:, pp. 129–130. 5159:, pp. 120–121. 4383:General of the Army 3873:(Ethiopian Empire) 3827:Knight Grand Cross 3772:Knight Grand Cross 3543:Order of Liberation 3509:Knight Grand Cross 2601:Columbia University 2579:Military Governor, 2450:Executive Officer, 2367:List of assignments 2246:Columbia University 2078:invasion of Germany 2071:Battle of the Bulge 2063:General of the Army 2038:liberation of Paris 2021:Walter Bedell Smith 1983:Operation Bagration 1922:Frederick E. Morgan 1828:Operation Avalanche 1539:Walter Bedell Smith 1432:dispatched General 1386:Louisiana Maneuvers 1380:, Commander of the 1357:, commander of the 1355:Charles F. Thompson 1331:Louisiana Maneuvers 1166:Carl von Clausewitz 898:in September 1915. 865:'s class of 1915, " 837:Columbia University 826:Battle of the Bulge 806:French North Africa 783:Louisiana Maneuvers 713:General of the Army 481:Eisenhower Doctrine 248:Battle of the Bulge 111:General of the Army 8502:Commanding General 8492:United States Army 8356:Earl D. Eisenhower 8184:Eisenhower Theater 7894:Highway Trust Fund 7793:Refugee Relief Act 7693:1955 Geneva Summit 7616:Kennedy transition 7472:Berlin Declaration 7233:Joseph T. McNarney 7053:. Harper Collins. 6877:. October 29, 2019 6792:Shreveport Journal 6391:Diplomatic History 6223:Air Force Magazine 5099:, pp. 98–103. 4537:The February 1945 4522:Henry "Hap" Arnold 4520:, Eisenhower, and 4396: 4379: 4365: 4351: 4334: 4321:Lieutenant General 4317: 4300: 4283: 4262: 4248: 4234: 4218: 4204: 4188: 4175:Lieutenant Colonel 4171: 4150: 4133: 4116: 3990:Médaille militaire 2661: 2645: 2301:Matthew B. Ridgway 2159:IG Farben Building 2131: 2123: 2029: 2009: 1900:Operation Overlord 1896: 1888: 1877: 1855:Operation Overlord 1849:Operation Overlord 1780:Bernard Montgomery 1776:invasion of Sicily 1768: 1698: 1604: 1597:George C. Marshall 1566: 1516:lieutenant general 1511:Joseph T. McNarney 1495: 1493:Eisenhower in 1942 1335: 1311:Bernard Montgomery 1263: 1243:George C. Marshall 1162:American Civil War 1146: 1039: 984: 935:San Antonio, Texas 923:Philippine Islands 919: 818:Operation Overlord 794:George C. Marshall 697:United States Army 556:Kennedy transition 369:Operation Overlord 229:Operation Overlord 91:United States Army 37:Eisenhower in 1947 9055: 9054: 8457: 8456: 8434:John F. Kennedy → 8427:← Harry S. Truman 8338:Arthur Eisenhower 8326:Jennie Eisenhower 8256:(1979 miniseries) 8248:(1979 miniseries) 8238:Crusade in Europe 8227:Eisenhower jacket 8174:Eisenhower Trophy 8147:Eisenhower dollar 8021:Crusade in Europe 8008: 8007: 7865:Soil Bank Program 7698:1960 U-2 incident 7528:1957 inauguration 7523:1953 inauguration 7462:Normandy landings 7323: 7322: 7313:Succeeded by 7283:Succeeded by 7254:Succeeded by 7229:Succeeded by 7202:Succeeded by 7184:Military offices 7132:978-1-4000-6693-3 7092:978-0-19-511797-4 7041:978-0-19-503834-7 7020:978-1-4391-7566-8 6986:978-1-4214-2504-7 6965:978-0-8050-5687-7 6840:978-90-6707-347-9 6556:, pp. 52–53. 6532:, pp. 47–49. 6520:, pp. 41–42. 6496:, pp. 35–37. 6484:, pp. 31–33. 6421:, pp. 29–31. 6378:. pp. 39–86. 6250:, pp. 23–24. 5541:, pp. 18–19. 5430:, pp. 16–18. 5267:, pp. 15–16. 5087:, pp. 93–94. 5075:, pp. 13–14. 5051:, pp. 88–90. 5039:, pp. 83–87. 5027:, pp. 81–82. 5015:, pp. 78–79. 4988:, pp. 70–76. 4938:, pp. 65–66. 4926:, pp. 73–76. 4911:, pp. 62–64. 4887:, pp. 55–56. 4875:, pp. 70–73. 4821:, pp. 50–51. 4745:978-1-3175-2009-2 4722:, pp. 60–61. 4686:, pp. 46–48. 4674:, pp. 44–46. 4662:, pp. 40–42. 4650:, pp. 38–40. 4635:, pp. 38–39. 4599:, pp. 10–11. 4518:Chester W. Nimitz 4514:Douglas MacArthur 4403: 4402: 4287:Brigadier General 4099:Second Lieutenant 4066: 4065: 4052:(United Kingdom) 3919:Order of Sikatuna 3903:Order of Pakistan 3892:Order of Muhammad 3767:Republic of China 3651:Kingdom of Greece 3646:Order of George I 3625:Order of St. Olav 3595:Order of St. Olav 3589:(Czechoslovakia) 3488:(United Kingdom) 3397:Order of the Bath 3290:oak leaf clusters 3276: 3275: 2423:Panama Canal Zone 2411:Infantry School, 2344:George Washington 2293:Supreme Commander 2255:Crusade in Europe 2208:weeks before the 2163:Frankfurt am Main 1950:Normandy landings 1943:Operation Dragoon 1938:airborne infantry 1885:Normandy landings 1824:Albert Kesselring 1720:, making him the 1714:Near East Command 1665:Charles de Gaulle 1659:(FCNL) alongside 1460:Winston Churchill 1434:Patrick J. Hurley 1399:brigadier general 1390:military exercise 1307:Winston Churchill 1302:military advisers 1259:Douglas MacArthur 1221:' battles on the 1154:Douglas MacArthur 1126:Panama Canal Zone 1118:housing allowance 907:Louis A. Merillat 896:second lieutenant 871:medical discharge 771:Douglas MacArthur 744:Panama Canal Zone 693:second lieutenant 677: 676: 389:Crusade in Europe 333: 332: 298: 297: 234:Normandy landings 200:Tunisian campaign 9090: 8619: 8612: 8500:Senior Officer / 8484: 8477: 8470: 8461: 8460: 8446: 8445: 8314:Susan Eisenhower 8302:David Eisenhower 8199:Mount Eisenhower 7632: 7631: 7621:Executive Orders 7602:Farewell address 7398: 7390: 7382: 7374: 7349: 7342: 7335: 7326: 7325: 7265:Preceded by 7258:George S. Patton 7213:Preceded by 7206:Frank M. Andrews 7189:Preceded by 7181: 7180: 7176:Internet Archive 7166:Internet Archive 7155:Internet Archive 7136: 7125:. Random House. 7115: 7096: 7084: 7075:Patterson, James 7070: 7068: 7067: 7045: 7024: 7005: 6994: 6969: 6948: 6926: 6923: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6907: 6900: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6849: 6843: 6832: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6773:Internet Archive 6762: 6756: 6755: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6723: 6717: 6716: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6693: 6687: 6686: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6668: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6642: 6626: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6599: 6593: 6587: 6581: 6575: 6569: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6539: 6533: 6527: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6446: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6356: 6350: 6344: 6338: 6332: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6275: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6220: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6163: 6157: 6151: 6145: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6121: 6115: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6091: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6043: 6037: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5809: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5785: 5779: 5773: 5767: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5677: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5412: 5393: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5307: 5301: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5226: 5225: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4998: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4563:, p. 26-27. 4558: 4542: 4539:Yalta Conference 4535: 4529: 4502:William D. Leahy 4499: 4493: 4486: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4467: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4440: 4434: 4423: 4272:: March 6, 1941 4160:: June 17, 1918 4120:First Lieutenant 4105:: June 12, 1915 4088:: June 14, 1911 4073: 4072: 3955:Chief Commander 3792:Ethiopian Empire 3787:Order of Solomon 3623:Grand Commander 3519:Order of Leopold 3478:Order of Victory 3454:Virtuti Militari 3442:Order of Suvorov 3278: 3277: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3212: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3161: 3152: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3122: 3115: 3108: 3101: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3071: 3062: 3055: 3048: 3041: 3032: 3025: 3018: 3011: 3002: 2995: 2988: 2981: 2972: 2965: 2958: 2951: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2927: 2921: 2914: 2905: 2898: 2891: 2884: 2875: 2868: 2861: 2854: 2845: 2838: 2829: 2823: 2813: 2804: 2795: 2789: 2782: 2775: 2768: 2761: 2749: 2743: 2733: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2707: 2701: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2670: 2669: 2641:Order of Victory 2514:Chief of Staff, 2507:Chief of Staff, 2500:Chief of Staff, 2466:Army War College 2392:Fort Sam Houston 2372:Pre World War II 2361:John L. Hall Jr. 2348:Ulysses S. Grant 2186:prisoners of war 2182:Nuremberg Trials 2151:Southern Germany 2088:in early March, 1800:Benito Mussolini 1774:. The July 1943 1744:Italian Campaign 1726:Lloyd Fredendall 1710:Harold Alexander 1677:Tunisia Campaign 1671:Tunisia Campaign 1619:, an officially 1560:Location of the 1499:Operation Bolero 1497:While assessing 1363:Leonard T. Gerow 1227:Army War College 1204:Buffalo Soldiers 1183:Fort Leavenworth 1150:John J. Pershing 1075:George S. Patton 973:Fort Leavenworth 947:Denver, Colorado 931:Fort Sam Houston 814:Italian campaign 756:John J. Pershing 732:Fort Sam Houston 669: 662: 655: 644: 639: 633: 632: 626: 551:Farewell Address 522:Little Rock Nine 358: 329: 328: 326: 319: 311: 304: 303: 300: 299: 86: 71:Washington, D.C. 56:October 14, 1890 35: 21: 20: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9088: 9087: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9051: 8843: 8626:Chiefs of Staff 8620: 8614: 8613: 8604: 8501: 8494: 8490:Leaders of the 8488: 8458: 8453: 8417: 8367: 8322:(granddaughter) 8316:(granddaughter) 8310:(granddaughter) 8308:Anne Eisenhower 8296:John Eisenhower 8276: 8232:Eisenhower Tree 8219: 8213: 8194:Fort Eisenhower 8078: 8027: 8004: 7774:Domestic policy 7769: 7715:Restricted Data 7710:Atoms for Peace 7688:New Look policy 7630: 7506: 7498: 7432:Operation Torch 7417:Military career 7408: 7401: 7393: 7385: 7377: 7366: 7358: 7353: 7319: 7317:Matthew Ridgway 7309: 7289: 7279: 7271: 7269:George Marshall 7260: 7250: 7235: 7225: 7219: 7217:Jacob L. Devers 7208: 7198: 7192: 7147:The short film 7144: 7139: 7133: 7093: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7042: 7021: 6987: 6966: 6943:. Vol. I. 6934: 6929: 6924: 6920: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6898: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6880: 6878: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6833: 6829: 6820: 6818: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6785: 6784: 6780: 6763: 6759: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6724: 6720: 6709: 6705: 6698:An Army At Dawn 6694: 6690: 6679: 6675: 6666: 6664: 6653: 6649: 6640: 6638: 6627: 6620: 6612: 6608: 6600: 6596: 6588: 6584: 6576: 6572: 6564: 6560: 6552: 6548: 6540: 6536: 6528: 6524: 6516: 6512: 6504: 6500: 6492: 6488: 6480: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6456: 6449: 6441: 6437: 6429: 6425: 6417: 6413: 6402: 6398: 6387: 6383: 6372: 6368: 6357: 6353: 6345: 6341: 6333: 6326: 6318: 6314: 6306: 6302: 6294: 6290: 6282: 6278: 6270: 6266: 6258: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6234: 6230: 6218: 6212: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6188: 6184: 6176: 6172: 6164: 6160: 6152: 6148: 6140: 6136: 6128: 6124: 6116: 6112: 6104: 6100: 6092: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6068: 6064: 6056: 6052: 6044: 6040: 6032: 6028: 6020: 6016: 6008: 6004: 5996: 5992: 5984: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5936: 5932: 5924: 5920: 5912: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5852: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5828: 5824: 5816: 5812: 5804: 5800: 5792: 5788: 5780: 5776: 5768: 5764: 5756: 5752: 5744: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5708: 5704: 5696: 5692: 5684: 5680: 5672: 5668: 5660: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5636: 5632: 5624: 5620: 5612: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5588: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5564: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5537: 5530: 5522: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5498: 5494: 5486: 5482: 5474: 5470: 5462: 5458: 5450: 5446: 5438: 5434: 5426: 5419: 5410: 5408: 5395: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5355: 5351: 5332: 5331: 5327: 5319: 5310: 5302: 5295: 5287: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5263: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5236: 5229: 5218: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5182: 5178: 5170: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5131: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5095: 5091: 5083: 5079: 5071: 5067: 5059: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5035: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5011: 5007: 4999: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4971: 4969: 4958: 4954: 4946: 4942: 4934: 4930: 4922: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4859: 4852: 4829: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4746: 4730: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4706: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4670: 4666: 4658: 4654: 4646: 4639: 4631: 4627: 4619: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4595: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4545: 4536: 4532: 4506:George Marshall 4500: 4496: 4487: 4483: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4464: 4458:contract bridge 4455: 4451: 4441: 4437: 4424: 4420: 4415: 4222: 4192: 4095: 4078: 4071: 4061: 4060:Campaign Medal 4056: 4051: 4049: 4042: 4040: 4030: 4020: 4013: 4001: 3999: 3992: 3981: 3970: 3956: 3947: 3943: 3934: 3930: 3921: 3917: 3894: 3890: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3854: 3850: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3828: 3819: 3815: 3801: 3789: 3777: 3773: 3764: 3760: 3746: 3742: 3733: 3731: 3720: 3716: 3711: 3697: 3693: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3648: 3644: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3624: 3615: 3611: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3574: 3563: 3561: 3545: 3534: 3530: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3481:(Soviet Union) 3480: 3473: 3457: 3445: 3433: 3429: 3420: 3418:Legion of Honor 3416: 3402: 3400: 3395: 3393: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3366: 3364: 3352: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3334: 3332: 3325: 3313: 3306: 3304:Legion of Merit 3299: 3292: 3287: 2922: 2831: 2830: 2824: 2797: 2796: 2790: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2751: 2750: 2744: 2709: 2708: 2702: 2695: 2688: 2681: 2633: 2576: 2525: 2457:Staff officer, 2374: 2369: 2356:Lord Alanbrooke 2340:Russell Weigley 2336: 2315: 2309: 2264: 2238:Greek Civil War 2234:Harry S. Truman 2218: 2111: 2106: 2001: 1991: 1928:rather than at 1857: 1851: 1846: 1840: 1804:Pietro Badoglio 1752: 1746: 1685:Eisenhower and 1679: 1673: 1645:François Darlan 1595:Chief of Staff 1580:forces in each 1570:Operation Torch 1562:Operation Torch 1554: 1552:Operation Torch 1548: 1546:Operation Torch 1503:James E. Chaney 1487: 1482: 1476: 1422: 1417: 1407: 1319: 1294:Philippine Army 1251: 1187:Infantry School 1134: 1103:Peyton C. March 1096:Newton D. Baker 1079:Sereno E. Brett 1067:Mark VIII tanks 1031: 1026: 1024:Interwar period 1020: 969:Fort Oglethrope 883:Coast Artillery 859: 853: 802:Operation Torch 779:Philippine Army 673: 630: 627: 620: 602: 601:Post-Presidency 599: 598: 597: 564: 560: 477: 474: 444:Atoms for Peace 435: 432: 397: 394: 360: 356: 353: 350: 346:Military Career 324: 322: 321: 320: 317: 315: 291: 285:Other work 279:Legion of Merit 277: 272: 261: 260: 259: 188:Operation Torch 167: 159: 149: 135: 133: 131: 127: 123: 101: 69: 57: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9096: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8853: 8851: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8630: 8628: 8622: 8621: 8607: 8605: 8603: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8506: 8504: 8496: 8495: 8487: 8486: 8479: 8472: 8464: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8451: 8438: 8437: 8430: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8398: 8393: 8386: 8381: 8375: 8373: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8365: 8359: 8353: 8350:Roy Eisenhower 8347: 8341: 8335: 8329: 8323: 8317: 8311: 8305: 8299: 8293: 8286: 8284: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8274: 8266: 8258: 8250: 8242: 8234: 8229: 8223: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8155: 8154: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8108: 8107: 8097: 8092: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8035: 8033: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8025: 8016: 8014: 8010: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8002: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7978: 7973: 7962: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7938: 7933: 7932: 7931: 7926: 7916: 7910: 7904: 7898: 7897: 7896: 7891: 7881: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7862: 7852: 7847: 7846: 7845: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7824: 7823: 7818: 7808: 7802: 7796: 7790: 7784: 7777: 7775: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7759: 7748: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7727:Food for Peace 7719: 7718: 7717: 7712: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7670: 7664: 7659: 7658: 7657: 7646: 7640: 7638: 7636:Foreign policy 7629: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7599: 7598: 7597: 7587: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7514: 7512: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7496: 7491: 7490: 7489: 7484: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7413: 7411: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7391: 7383: 7375: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7352: 7351: 7344: 7337: 7329: 7321: 7320: 7314: 7311: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7284: 7281: 7272: 7266: 7262: 7261: 7255: 7252: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7230: 7227: 7220: 7214: 7210: 7209: 7203: 7200: 7193: 7190: 7186: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7168: 7158: 7143: 7142:External links 7140: 7138: 7137: 7131: 7116: 7097: 7091: 7071: 7059: 7046: 7040: 7025: 7019: 7006: 6995: 6985: 6970: 6964: 6949: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6918: 6887: 6862: 6859:on 2015-02-02. 6844: 6827: 6802: 6797:Newspapers.com 6778: 6757: 6752:Newspapers.com 6733: 6718: 6703: 6688: 6673: 6661:HistoryNet.com 6647: 6618: 6606: 6594: 6590:Patterson 1996 6582: 6570: 6566:Hitchcock 2018 6558: 6554:Hitchcock 2018 6546: 6534: 6530:Hitchcock 2018 6522: 6518:Hitchcock 2018 6510: 6498: 6494:Hitchcock 2018 6486: 6482:Hitchcock 2018 6474: 6462: 6447: 6443:Hitchcock 2018 6435: 6423: 6419:Hitchcock 2018 6411: 6396: 6381: 6366: 6351: 6339: 6324: 6312: 6300: 6288: 6276: 6264: 6252: 6248:Hitchcock 2018 6240: 6228: 6206: 6204:, p. 408. 6194: 6182: 6170: 6158: 6146: 6134: 6132:, p. 375. 6122: 6110: 6098: 6086: 6074: 6062: 6050: 6038: 6026: 6014: 6012:, p. 335. 6002: 5990: 5978: 5966: 5954: 5952:, p. 379. 5942: 5930: 5918: 5906: 5894: 5892:, p. 303. 5882: 5870: 5858: 5846: 5834: 5822: 5810: 5798: 5786: 5774: 5762: 5750: 5738: 5736:, p. 237. 5726: 5714: 5702: 5690: 5688:, p. 251. 5678: 5674:Hitchcock 2018 5666: 5654: 5642: 5630: 5618: 5616:, p. 222. 5606: 5594: 5582: 5580:, p. 256. 5570: 5555: 5551:Hitchcock 2018 5543: 5539:Hitchcock 2018 5528: 5516: 5504: 5492: 5480: 5468: 5456: 5444: 5432: 5428:Hitchcock 2018 5417: 5385: 5373: 5361: 5349: 5344:Newspapers.com 5325: 5323:, p. 109. 5308: 5306:, p. 108. 5293: 5281: 5279:, p. 153. 5269: 5265:Hitchcock 2018 5254: 5242: 5227: 5212: 5200: 5188: 5176: 5161: 5149: 5145:Hitchcock 2018 5137: 5135:, p. 115. 5125: 5121:Hitchcock 2018 5113: 5111:, p. 223. 5101: 5089: 5077: 5073:Hitchcock 2018 5065: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5017: 5005: 5001:Hitchcock 2018 4990: 4978: 4952: 4940: 4928: 4913: 4901: 4889: 4877: 4865: 4850: 4839:(4): 287–325. 4823: 4811: 4799: 4787: 4775: 4755: 4744: 4724: 4712: 4700: 4688: 4676: 4664: 4652: 4637: 4625: 4621:Hitchcock 2018 4613: 4601: 4597:Hitchcock 2018 4589: 4577: 4565: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4530: 4526:five-star rank 4494: 4481: 4471: 4462: 4449: 4435: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4387: 4386: 4380: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4342: 4341: 4335: 4325: 4324: 4318: 4308: 4307: 4301: 4291: 4290: 4284: 4274: 4273: 4263: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4209: 4208: 4205: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4179: 4178: 4172: 4162: 4161: 4151: 4141: 4140: 4134: 4124: 4123: 4117: 4107: 4106: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4079: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4044: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4018:Military Medal 4015: 4008: 4004: 4003: 4002:(Free France) 3994: 3987: 3976: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3953: 3940: 3927: 3912:Grand Collar ( 3910: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3887: 3876:Collar of the 3874: 3865: 3861: 3860: 3847: 3834: 3825: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3795: 3785:Collar of the 3783: 3770: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3739: 3726: 3718:Order of Merit 3713: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3692:Collar of the 3690: 3677: 3668: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3641: 3628: 3621: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3590: 3580: 3577:Czechoslovakia 3569: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3540: 3527: 3514: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3489: 3485:Order of Merit 3482: 3475: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3451: 3439: 3436:French Morocco 3426: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3405:United Kingdom 3390: 3387:French Tunisia 3382:Order of Glory 3377: 3368: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3347: 3341:Campaign Medal 3336: 3327: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3294: 3282: 3274: 3273: 3266: 3259: 3252: 3244: 3243: 3236: 3229: 3222: 3214: 3213: 3206: 3199: 3192: 3184: 3183: 3176: 3169: 3162: 3154: 3153: 3146: 3139: 3132: 3124: 3123: 3116: 3109: 3102: 3094: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3072: 3064: 3063: 3056: 3049: 3042: 3034: 3033: 3026: 3019: 3012: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2989: 2982: 2974: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2952: 2944: 2943: 2936: 2929: 2915: 2907: 2906: 2899: 2892: 2885: 2877: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2855: 2847: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2806: 2805: 2798: 2784: 2777: 2770: 2763: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2726: 2725: 2696: 2689: 2682: 2675: 2674: 2673: 2632: 2629: 2622: 2621: 2615: 2608: 2597: 2591: 2584: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2563: 2556: 2549: 2542: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2512: 2505: 2498: 2495: 2488: 2485: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2462: 2455: 2448: 2441: 2432:Headquarters, 2426: 2419: 2416: 2409: 2402: 2395: 2385: 2382: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2335: 2332: 2308: 2305: 2289:Robert A. Taft 2263: 2260: 2230:United Nations 2217: 2214: 2171:denazification 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 1990: 1987: 1904:Bertram Ramsay 1867:, part of the 1850: 1847: 1839: 1836: 1764:Southern Italy 1745: 1742: 1672: 1669: 1609:French Morocco 1582:theater of war 1547: 1544: 1535:John C. H. Lee 1486: 1483: 1475: 1472: 1421: 1418: 1406: 1403: 1388:, the largest 1378:Walter Krueger 1327:Walter Krueger 1318: 1315: 1282:Herbert Hoover 1250: 1247: 1133: 1130: 1100:Chief of Staff 1062:in the 1950s. 1030: 1027: 1019: 1016: 961:Entente Powers 852: 849: 787:Walter Krueger 675: 674: 672: 671: 664: 657: 649: 646: 645: 621: 619: 618: 613: 608: 600: 596: 595: 594: 593: 583: 582: 581: 576: 574:Draft movement 565: 562: 561: 559: 558: 553: 548: 542: 541: 540: 539: 534: 525: 524: 519: 513: 512: 507: 502: 496: 495: 490: 488:Sputnik crisis 484: 483: 475: 473: 472: 466: 465: 464: 463: 458: 447: 446: 441: 433: 431: 430: 429: 428: 423: 417:Inaugurations 415: 410: 409: 408: 395: 393: 392: 384: 383: 378: 372: 371: 366: 354: 351: 349: 348: 343: 335: 334: 331: 330: 318:a series about 314: 312: 296: 295: 286: 282: 281: 267: 263: 262: 258: 257: 256: 255: 250: 245: 240: 239: 238: 237: 236: 216: 215: 214: 209: 204: 203: 202: 197: 196: 195: 151: 150: 145: 144: 142: 138: 137: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 88: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 68:March 28, 1969 66: 62: 61: 59:Denison, Texas 54: 50: 49: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9095: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8846: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8623: 8618: 8611: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8497: 8493: 8485: 8480: 8478: 8473: 8471: 8466: 8465: 8462: 8450: 8449: 8440: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8424: 8423: 8420: 8414: 8413:Kay Summersby 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8403: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8370: 8363: 8360: 8357: 8354: 8351: 8348: 8345: 8342: 8339: 8336: 8333: 8330: 8327: 8324: 8321: 8318: 8315: 8312: 8309: 8306: 8303: 8300: 8297: 8294: 8291: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8279: 8273: 8271: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8216: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8153: 8152:commemorative 8150: 8149: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8024: 8022: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7984: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7954: 7951: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7920: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7908: 7905: 7902: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7886: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7860:Soil Bank Act 7858: 7857: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7806: 7803: 7800: 7797: 7794: 7791: 7788: 7785: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7765: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7723: 7720: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7703: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7678:Domino theory 7676: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7651: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7609: 7605: 7604: 7603: 7600: 7596: 7595:Supreme Court 7593: 7592: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7505: 7501: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7404: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7369: 7365: 7364: 7361: 7357: 7350: 7345: 7343: 7338: 7336: 7331: 7330: 7327: 7318: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7278: 7277: 7270: 7263: 7259: 7249: 7248: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7224: 7218: 7211: 7207: 7197: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7156: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7145: 7134: 7128: 7124: 7123: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7106:. Macmillan. 7105: 7104: 7098: 7094: 7088: 7083: 7082: 7076: 7072: 7062: 7060:9780061744969 7056: 7052: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7033: 7032: 7026: 7022: 7016: 7012: 7007: 7003: 7002: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6982: 6978: 6977: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6958:. Macmillan. 6957: 6956: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6937: 6936: 6922: 6904: 6897: 6891: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6858: 6854: 6848: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6816: 6812: 6806: 6798: 6794: 6793: 6788: 6782: 6774: 6770: 6769: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6737: 6729: 6722: 6714: 6707: 6699: 6692: 6684: 6677: 6662: 6658: 6651: 6636: 6632: 6625: 6623: 6615: 6610: 6603: 6598: 6591: 6586: 6580:, p. 10. 6579: 6574: 6568:, p. 34. 6567: 6562: 6555: 6550: 6543: 6538: 6531: 6526: 6519: 6514: 6507: 6502: 6495: 6490: 6483: 6478: 6471: 6466: 6459: 6454: 6452: 6445:, p. 31. 6444: 6439: 6432: 6427: 6420: 6415: 6407: 6400: 6392: 6385: 6377: 6370: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6343: 6336: 6331: 6329: 6321: 6316: 6309: 6304: 6297: 6292: 6285: 6280: 6273: 6268: 6261: 6256: 6249: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6198: 6191: 6186: 6179: 6174: 6167: 6162: 6155: 6150: 6143: 6138: 6131: 6126: 6119: 6114: 6107: 6102: 6095: 6090: 6083: 6078: 6071: 6066: 6059: 6054: 6047: 6042: 6035: 6030: 6023: 6018: 6011: 6006: 5999: 5994: 5987: 5982: 5975: 5970: 5963: 5958: 5951: 5946: 5939: 5934: 5927: 5922: 5915: 5910: 5903: 5898: 5891: 5886: 5879: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5855: 5850: 5843: 5838: 5831: 5826: 5819: 5814: 5807: 5802: 5795: 5790: 5783: 5778: 5771: 5766: 5759: 5754: 5747: 5742: 5735: 5730: 5723: 5718: 5711: 5706: 5699: 5694: 5687: 5682: 5676:, p. 20. 5675: 5670: 5663: 5658: 5651: 5646: 5639: 5634: 5627: 5622: 5615: 5610: 5603: 5598: 5591: 5586: 5579: 5574: 5567: 5562: 5560: 5553:, p. 21. 5552: 5547: 5540: 5535: 5533: 5525: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5496: 5489: 5484: 5477: 5472: 5465: 5460: 5453: 5448: 5441: 5436: 5429: 5424: 5422: 5407:on 2010-10-14 5406: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5390: 5382: 5377: 5370: 5365: 5358: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5329: 5322: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5305: 5300: 5298: 5290: 5285: 5278: 5273: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5251: 5246: 5240:, p. 94. 5239: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5204: 5197: 5192: 5185: 5180: 5173: 5168: 5166: 5158: 5153: 5147:, p. 15. 5146: 5141: 5134: 5129: 5123:, p. 14. 5122: 5117: 5110: 5105: 5098: 5093: 5086: 5081: 5074: 5069: 5063:, p. 82. 5062: 5057: 5050: 5045: 5038: 5033: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5009: 5003:, p. 12. 5002: 4997: 4995: 4987: 4982: 4967: 4966:Miller Center 4963: 4956: 4950:, p. 90. 4949: 4944: 4937: 4932: 4925: 4920: 4918: 4910: 4905: 4899:, p. 60. 4898: 4893: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4869: 4863:, p. 53. 4862: 4857: 4855: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4827: 4820: 4815: 4809:, p. 69. 4808: 4803: 4797:, p. 50. 4796: 4791: 4785:, p. 14. 4784: 4779: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4728: 4721: 4716: 4710:, p. 68. 4709: 4704: 4698:, p. 63. 4697: 4692: 4685: 4680: 4673: 4668: 4661: 4656: 4649: 4644: 4642: 4634: 4629: 4622: 4617: 4611:, p. 32. 4610: 4609:Galambos 2018 4605: 4598: 4593: 4587:, p. 56. 4586: 4581: 4575:, p. 28. 4574: 4569: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4540: 4534: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4498: 4491: 4485: 4475: 4466: 4459: 4453: 4445: 4444:field marshal 4439: 4432: 4428: 4427:National Army 4422: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4336: 4331: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4305: 4304:Major General 4302: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4196: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4158:National Army 4155: 4152: 4147: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4118: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4097: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4080: 4075: 4074: 4069:Dates of rank 4048: 4043:(Yugoslavia) 4035: 4034: 4026: 4021:(Luxembourg) 4019: 4012: 4006: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3985: 3980: 3974: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3959: 3951: 3946: 3938: 3933: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3898: 3893: 3885: 3880: 3871: 3867:Grand Cordon 3863: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3845: 3840: 3831: 3823: 3818: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3788: 3781: 3776: 3768: 3763: 3759:Grand Cordon 3755: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3737: 3730: 3724: 3719: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3688: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3639: 3634: 3619: 3614: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3584: 3578: 3573: 3567: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3538: 3533: 3525: 3520: 3516:Grand Cordon 3513: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3486: 3479: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3432: 3428:Grand Cordon 3424: 3419: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3398: 3388: 3383: 3379:Grand Cordon 3376:(1953, 1966) 3372: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3351: 3342: 3331: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3298: 3291: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2822: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2788: 2781: 2774: 2767: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2706: 2700: 2693: 2686: 2679: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2642: 2637: 2628: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2605:New York City 2602: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2388:19th Infantry 2386: 2383: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2364: 2362: 2357: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2314: 2304: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2259: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2202:Joseph Stalin 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155:headquartered 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2135:Georgy Zhukov 2127: 2120: 2115: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2067:field marshal 2064: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2026: 2025:Arthur Tedder 2022: 2018: 2013: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975:Eastern Front 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1930:Pas-de-Calais 1927: 1923: 1917: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1892: 1886: 1881: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1845: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1637:Alphonse Juin 1633: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1621:neutral power 1618: 1614: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1527:Mark W. Clark 1524: 1519: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1491: 1481: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1439:major general 1435: 1430: 1427: 1416: 1412: 1402: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1260: 1255: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1223:Western Front 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1143: 1138: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088:court-martial 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1035: 1025: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 992:Mark VI tanks 989: 980: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 916: 912: 908: 903: 899: 897: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 858: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 670: 665: 663: 658: 656: 651: 650: 648: 647: 643: 638: 634: 625: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 603: 592: 589: 588: 587: 586:1956 campaign 584: 580: 577: 575: 572: 571: 570: 569:1952 campaign 567: 566: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 538: 535: 533: 530: 529: 527: 526: 523: 520: 518: 515: 514: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 497: 494: 491: 489: 486: 485: 482: 479: 478: 471: 468: 467: 462: 461:Domino theory 459: 457: 454: 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 442: 440: 437: 436: 427: 424: 422: 419: 418: 416: 414: 411: 407: 404: 403: 402: 399: 398: 391: 390: 386: 385: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 370: 367: 365: 362: 361: 359: 347: 344: 342: 339: 338: 337: 336: 327: 313: 310: 306: 305: 302: 301: 294: 290: 287: 283: 280: 275: 271: 268: 264: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 235: 232: 231: 230: 227: 226: 225: 222: 221: 220: 219:Western Front 217: 213: 210: 208: 205: 201: 198: 194: 191: 190: 189: 186: 185: 184: 181: 180: 179: 176: 175: 174: 173: 172: 166: 165: 164: 158: 157: 156: 148: 143: 139: 130: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: 109: 105: 99: 95: 92: 89: 83: 80:United States 79: 75: 72: 67: 63: 60: 55: 51: 48: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 8754:Westmoreland 8441: 8432: 8425: 8408:Eddie Slovik 8400: 8269: 8261: 8253: 8245: 8237: 8105:Boyhood home 8090:Bibliography 8020: 7764:Operation 40 7416: 7406: 7299: 7294: 7287:Omar Bradley 7274: 7245: 7240: 7222: 7195: 7170:A film clip 7160:A film clip 7149: 7121: 7102: 7080: 7064:. Retrieved 7030: 7010: 7000: 6991:Google Books 6989:– via 6975: 6954: 6940: 6921: 6910:. Retrieved 6890: 6879:. Retrieved 6874: 6865: 6857:the original 6847: 6830: 6819:. Retrieved 6814: 6805: 6790: 6781: 6767: 6760: 6745: 6736: 6727: 6721: 6712: 6706: 6697: 6691: 6682: 6676: 6665:. Retrieved 6663:. Tysons, VA 6660: 6650: 6639:. Retrieved 6634: 6609: 6597: 6585: 6573: 6561: 6549: 6542:Ambrose 1983 6537: 6525: 6513: 6506:Ambrose 1983 6501: 6489: 6477: 6465: 6458:Ambrose 1983 6438: 6426: 6414: 6405: 6399: 6390: 6384: 6375: 6369: 6360: 6354: 6342: 6335:Ambrose 1983 6315: 6303: 6291: 6279: 6267: 6255: 6243: 6236:Ambrose 1983 6231: 6222: 6209: 6197: 6185: 6173: 6161: 6149: 6142:Ambrose 1983 6137: 6125: 6113: 6101: 6089: 6077: 6065: 6053: 6046:Ambrose 1983 6041: 6029: 6017: 6005: 5993: 5981: 5969: 5962:Ambrose 1983 5957: 5945: 5933: 5921: 5909: 5902:Ambrose 1983 5897: 5885: 5873: 5861: 5854:Kennedy 1999 5849: 5837: 5830:Ambrose 1983 5825: 5813: 5801: 5794:Kennedy 1999 5789: 5777: 5765: 5753: 5741: 5729: 5717: 5705: 5693: 5681: 5669: 5657: 5645: 5633: 5621: 5609: 5597: 5585: 5573: 5546: 5519: 5507: 5495: 5483: 5471: 5459: 5447: 5435: 5409:. Retrieved 5405:the original 5400: 5376: 5364: 5352: 5337: 5328: 5321:Hilkert 2004 5304:Hilkert 2004 5284: 5272: 5245: 5238:Ambrose 1983 5221: 5215: 5203: 5191: 5179: 5152: 5140: 5128: 5116: 5104: 5092: 5080: 5068: 5061:Ambrose 1983 5056: 5044: 5032: 5020: 5008: 4981: 4970:. Retrieved 4965: 4955: 4943: 4931: 4924:Ambrose 1983 4904: 4892: 4880: 4873:Ambrose 1983 4868: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4814: 4807:Ambrose 1983 4802: 4790: 4783:Ambrose 1983 4778: 4770:Google Books 4764: 4758: 4750:Google Books 4748:– via 4734: 4727: 4715: 4708:Ambrose 1983 4703: 4696:Ambrose 1983 4691: 4679: 4667: 4655: 4628: 4623:, p. 9. 4616: 4604: 4592: 4585:Ambrose 1983 4580: 4568: 4556: 4533: 4497: 4484: 4474: 4465: 4452: 4438: 4431:Regular Army 4421: 4407: 4404: 4103:Regular Army 3913: 3849:Grand Cross 3814:Grand Cross 3800:, 1st Class 3732:First Class 3715:Grand Cross 3679:Grand Cross 3670:Grand Cross 3661:Grand Cross 3630:Grand Cross 3592:Grand Cross 3529:Grand Cross 3448:Soviet Union 3444:, 1st Class 3415:Grand Cross 2665: 2662: 2653:coat of arms 2626: 2623: 2523:World War II 2480:Aide to the 2413:Camp Benning 2352: 2337: 2316: 2297: 2265: 2253: 2227: 2219: 2175: 2132: 2075: 2060: 2030: 1979:Soviet Union 1961:the port of 1947: 1934: 1918: 1897: 1812:puppet state 1793: 1789:Omar Bradley 1769: 1762:and much of 1760:North Africa 1699: 1649: 1634: 1630:Henri Giraud 1617:Vichy France 1605: 1601:World War II 1567: 1529:and General 1520: 1496: 1466:against the 1464:Europe first 1449: 1442: 1423: 1405:World War II 1374:Kenyon Joyce 1367: 1338:Nazi Germany 1336: 1291: 1264: 1214: 1208: 1200:Fort Benning 1176: 1169: 1147: 1071:tank warfare 1064: 1040: 1018:Between wars 985: 971:and then at 955: 920: 915:Leland Hobbs 911:Omar Bradley 860: 830: 791: 721: 709:World War II 707:generals of 680: 678: 628: 546:U-2 incident 387: 352:World War II 345: 171:World War II 169: 168: 161: 160: 153: 152: 146: 141:Battles/wars 46: 18: 8659:Wotherspoon 8272:(2014 play) 8264:(2004 film) 7734:Suez Crisis 7397:(1943–1945) 7389:(1945–1948) 7381:(1951–1952) 7373:(1953–1961) 6932:Works cited 5109:D'Este 2003 4510:Ernest King 4077:No insignia 4047:Africa Star 3924:Philippines 3522:with palm ( 3456:, 1st Class 3423:Free France 2610:Commander, 2599:President, 2586:Commander, 2565:Commander, 2537:Commander, 2404:Commander, 2272:South Korea 2268:North Korea 2242:containment 1955:Omaha Beach 1883:Map of the 1661:Free France 1531:Carl Spaatz 1468:Axis Powers 1394:Second Army 1329:during the 1278:Bonus March 1114:Eli Helmick 1090:by General 1008:Spanish flu 957:World War I 775:Philippines 736:World War I 493:Missile gap 476:Second Term 163:World War I 147:See battles 102:1961 – 1969 100:1915 – 1953 43:Nickname(s) 9062:Categories 9032:McConville 8834:McConville 8809:Schoomaker 8709:Eisenhower 8510:Washington 8384:Camp David 8304:(grandson) 8095:Birthplace 7649:Korean War 7518:Transition 7504:Presidency 7310:1951–1952 7280:1945–1948 7226:1944–1945 7199:1942–1943 7066:2012-07-22 6912:2012-09-30 6881:2020-10-31 6821:2021-02-11 6667:2020-06-09 6641:2022-10-25 6614:Smith 2012 6602:Smith 2012 6578:Pusey 1956 6470:Smith 2012 6431:Smith 2012 6347:Smith 2012 6320:Smith 2012 6308:Smith 2012 6296:Smith 2012 6284:Smith 2012 6272:Smith 2012 6260:Smith 2012 6202:Smith 2012 6190:Smith 2012 6178:Smith 2012 6166:Smith 2012 6154:Smith 2012 6130:Smith 2012 6118:Smith 2012 6106:Smith 2012 6094:Smith 2012 6082:Smith 2012 6070:Smith 2012 6058:Smith 2012 6034:Smith 2012 6022:Smith 2012 6010:Smith 2012 5998:Smith 2012 5986:Smith 2012 5974:Smith 2012 5950:Smith 2012 5938:Smith 2012 5926:Smith 2012 5914:Smith 2012 5890:Smith 2012 5878:Smith 2012 5866:Smith 2012 5842:Smith 2012 5818:Smith 2012 5806:Smith 2012 5782:Smith 2012 5770:Smith 2012 5758:Smith 2012 5746:Smith 2012 5734:Smith 2012 5722:Smith 2012 5710:Smith 2012 5698:Smith 2012 5686:Smith 2012 5662:Smith 2012 5650:Smith 2012 5638:Smith 2012 5626:Smith 2012 5614:Smith 2012 5602:Smith 2012 5590:Smith 2012 5578:Smith 2012 5566:Smith 2012 5524:Smith 2012 5512:Smith 2012 5500:Smith 2012 5488:Smith 2012 5476:Smith 2012 5464:Smith 2012 5452:Smith 2012 5440:Smith 2012 5411:2011-06-29 5381:Smith 2012 5369:Korda 2007 5357:Smith 2012 5289:Smith 2012 5277:Smith 2012 5250:Smith 2012 5208:Smith 2012 5196:Smith 2012 5184:Smith 2012 5172:Smith 2012 5157:Smith 2012 5133:Smith 2012 5097:Smith 2012 5085:Smith 2012 5049:Smith 2012 5037:Smith 2012 5025:Smith 2012 5013:Smith 2012 4986:Smith 2012 4972:2019-11-19 4948:Smith 2012 4936:Smith 2012 4909:Smith 2012 4897:Smith 2012 4885:Smith 2012 4861:Smith 2012 4819:Smith 2012 4795:Smith 2012 4720:Smith 2012 4684:Smith 2012 4672:Smith 2012 4660:Smith 2012 4648:Smith 2012 4633:Smith 2012 4573:Smith 2012 4561:Smith 2012 4549:References 4055:War Medal 4041:1941-1945 4014:(Belgium) 4000:with Palm 3562:1st Class 3537:Luxembourg 2430:Corps Area 2399:Camp Meade 2334:Reputation 2307:Retirement 2276:Korean War 2250:Ivy League 2047:Luxembourg 2019:at Reims. 1914:Third Army 1424:After the 1382:Third Army 1347:Fort Lewis 1142:Fox Conner 1122:Fox Conner 1083:Renault FT 1004:Renault FT 996:tank corps 943:Mamie Doud 748:Fox Conner 685:Eisenhower 439:Korean War 434:First Term 413:Transition 401:Presidency 341:Early Life 77:Allegiance 9012:Chiarelli 8912:B. Palmer 8882:Lemnitzer 8877:W. Palmer 8759:B. Palmer 8734:Lemnitzer 8694:MacArthur 8689:Summerall 8595:Schofield 8570:McClellan 8545:Wilkinson 8530:St. Clair 8364:(brother) 8358:(brother) 8352:(brother) 8346:(brother) 8340:(brother) 8032:Elections 7999:Sikes Act 7295:New title 7241:New title 7204:Lt. Gen. 4845:0361-8676 4062:(Brazil) 4057:(Brazil) 4036:17th Row 4031:(Mexico) 4007:16th Row 3993:(France) 3964:15th Row 3909:14th Row 3864:13th Row 3822:Argentina 3811:12th Row 3756:11th Row 3736:Guatemala 3712:(Mexico) 3707:10th Row 3676:(Brazil) 3667:(Brazil) 3627:(Norway) 2464:Student, 2443:Student, 2434:Baltimore 2090:capturing 1971:Marseille 1963:Cherbourg 1959:capturing 1687:President 1181:(CGS) at 1000:Camp Colt 879:Argentina 9022:Campbell 8992:Shinseki 8982:Griffith 8962:Sullivan 8957:RisCassi 8952:A. Brown 8892:Eddleman 8804:Shinseki 8794:Sullivan 8704:Marshall 8679:Pershing 8664:H. Scott 8590:Sheridan 8565:W. Scott 8555:J. Brown 8550:Dearborn 8540:Hamilton 8448:Category 8334:(mother) 8270:Pressure 7673:Cold War 7509:timeline 7407:Military 7077:(1996). 6903:Archived 6842:. p. 92. 4479:unclear. 3937:Thailand 3857:Holy See 3658:9th Row 3607:8th Row 3555:7th Row 3506:6th Row 3467:5th Row 3412:4th Row 3358:3rd Row 3319:2nd Row 3281:1st Row 2663:SOURCE: 2574:Post war 2516:3rd Army 2509:IX Corps 2438:Maryland 1926:Normandy 1875:invasion 1730:II Corps 1452:invasion 1426:Japanese 1370:IX Corps 1158:Napoleon 1140:General 891:Infantry 822:Normandy 591:Election 579:Election 456:New Look 451:Cold War 406:Timeline 117:Commands 85:Service/ 8977:Tilelli 8947:Thurman 8942:Wickham 8932:Kroesen 8897:Hamlett 8862:Haislip 8857:Collins 8824:Odierno 8819:Dempsey 8784:Wickham 8749:Johnson 8744:Wheeler 8724:Ridgway 8719:Collins 8714:Bradley 8639:Chaffee 8585:Sherman 8575:Halleck 8520:Doughty 8372:Related 8220:culture 8218:Popular 7585:Cabinet 7112:56-8365 4338:General 4266:Colonel 4137:Captain 3973:Austria 3929:Knight 3897:Morocco 3804:Ecuador 3618:Denmark 3610:Knight 3524:Belgium 3367:(1947) 3353:(1946) 3346:(1942) 3335:(1942) 3326:(1919) 3314:(1918) 3307:(1943) 3300:(1947) 3288:with 4 2377:Cadet, 2167:Bavaria 2157:at the 2094:Remagen 2043:Belgium 1832:Salerno 1783:Patton 1732:at the 1718:general 1702:Tunisia 1663:leader 1641:Algiers 1613:Algeria 1351:colonel 1086:with a 1044:captain 887:Cavalry 798:Britain 773:to the 695:in the 9047:Mingus 9042:George 9037:Martin 9017:Austin 8987:Crouch 8967:Reimer 8937:Vessey 8927:Kerwin 8922:Weyand 8907:Haines 8902:Abrams 8887:Decker 8839:George 8829:Milley 8799:Reimer 8774:Rogers 8769:Weyand 8764:Abrams 8739:Decker 8729:Taylor 8560:Macomb 8525:Harmar 8292:(wife) 8282:Family 8083:Legacy 8023:(1948) 8001:(1960) 7985:(1959) 7969:1958; 7961:(1958) 7955:(1958) 7949:(1957) 7943:(1957) 7915:(1956) 7909:(1956) 7903:(1956) 7880:(1956) 7874:(1955) 7807:(1953) 7801:(1953) 7795:(1953) 7789:(1953) 7783:(1953) 7766:(1960) 7755:1958; 7742:(1958) 7736:(1956) 7669:(1953) 7653:1953; 7409:career 7129: 7110: 7089: 7057: 7038: 7017: 6983: 6962: 6838: 4843: 4742: 3884:Panama 3700:Mexico 3687:Panama 3638:Brazil 3600:Norway 3548:France 2198:Moscow 2082:Berlin 2045:, and 1977:, the 1818:. The 1814:, the 1696:, 1943 1694:Sicily 1578:Allied 1235:French 1171:On War 1164:, and 1160:, the 1152:, and 875:gaucho 705:Allied 606:Legacy 537:Hawaii 532:Alaska 426:second 381:VE-Day 266:Awards 87:branch 9027:Allyn 9002:Casey 8997:Keane 8872:Bolte 8814:Casey 8789:Vuono 8779:Meyer 8699:Craig 8684:Hines 8674:March 8669:Bliss 8644:Bates 8634:Young 8600:Miles 8580:Grant 8535:Wayne 8298:(son) 8074:1956) 8064:1956) 8054:1956) 8013:Books 7740:DARPA 7315:Gen. 7285:Gen. 7267:Gen. 7256:Gen. 7251:1945 7231:Gen. 7215:Gen. 6906:(PDF) 6899:(PDF) 6219:(PDF) 4413:Notes 4154:Major 4082:Cadet 3950:Japan 3780:Italy 3749:Egypt 3723:Chile 3499:Haiti 2248:, an 2086:Rhine 1873:D-Day 1772:Italy 1706:Tunis 1231:Paris 1048:major 510:DARPA 421:first 364:D-Day 9007:Cody 8972:Peay 8917:Haig 8867:Hull 8654:Wood 8649:Bell 8515:Knox 8049:1952 7757:NASA 7578:1961 7573:1960 7568:1959 7563:1958 7558:1957 7553:1956 7548:1955 7543:1955 7538:1953 7368:34th 7305:NATO 7127:ISBN 7108:LCCN 7087:ISBN 7055:ISBN 7036:ISBN 7015:ISBN 6981:ISBN 6960:ISBN 6836:ISBN 5401:Time 4841:ISSN 4740:ISBN 3914:Raja 2651:The 2346:and 2153:and 2055:Saar 2051:Ruhr 1997:and 1912:the 1808:Rome 1444:Time 1413:and 1098:and 841:NATO 679:The 505:NASA 500:NDEA 107:Rank 65:Died 53:Born 8254:Ike 2161:in 1728:'s 1692:in 1345:at 1198:at 1168:'s 933:in 929:at 730:at 276:(5) 47:Ike 9064:: 7307:) 6873:. 6813:. 6789:. 6744:. 6659:. 6633:. 6621:^ 6450:^ 6327:^ 6221:. 5558:^ 5531:^ 5420:^ 5399:. 5388:^ 5336:. 5311:^ 5296:^ 5257:^ 5230:^ 5164:^ 4993:^ 4964:. 4916:^ 4853:^ 4837:46 4835:. 4640:^ 4516:, 4512:, 4508:, 4504:, 4268:, 4156:, 4101:, 4084:, 3986:) 3975:) 3952:) 3939:) 3926:) 3916:) 3899:) 3886:) 3859:) 3846:) 3824:) 3806:) 3794:) 3782:) 3769:) 3751:) 3738:) 3725:) 3702:) 3689:) 3653:) 3640:) 3620:) 3602:) 3585:, 3579:) 3568:) 3550:) 3539:) 3526:) 3501:) 3462:) 3450:) 3438:) 3425:) 3407:) 3399:, 3389:) 2603:, 2436:, 2390:, 2258:. 2225:. 2100:. 1916:. 1740:. 1289:. 1077:, 975:. 789:. 8483:e 8476:t 8469:v 8392:" 8388:" 7610:" 7606:" 7511:) 7507:( 7348:e 7341:t 7334:v 7303:( 7157:. 7135:. 7114:. 7095:. 7069:. 7044:. 7023:. 6993:. 6968:. 6947:. 6915:. 6884:. 6824:. 6799:. 6775:. 6754:. 6670:. 6644:. 6408:. 6363:. 6225:. 5414:. 5346:. 4975:. 4847:. 4772:. 4752:. 4433:. 3982:( 3971:( 3948:( 3935:( 3922:( 3895:( 3882:( 3855:( 3842:( 3820:( 3802:( 3790:( 3778:( 3765:( 3747:( 3734:( 3721:( 3698:( 3685:( 3649:( 3636:( 3616:( 3598:( 3575:( 3564:( 3546:( 3535:( 3497:( 3458:( 3446:( 3434:( 3421:( 3403:( 3385:( 1766:. 1333:. 917:. 668:e 661:t 654:v

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower

Index