World War II in Albania

2206: 1201:. Because the money was given directly to the poor, bypassing the usual bureaucracy, it did some good. The Italians also contributed greatly to infrastructure, agriculture, and chrome and hydrocarbon exploration, in which Albania was rich. The Italians hoped that extensive investment in Albania would bring both economic and political benefits. Despite a weak domestic economy, Mussolini guaranteed the Albanians 22 million pounds over five years for economic development, considerably more than the 8.2 million Rome had spent since the early 1920s. Initial reports of Italian activity were quite favourable. Ruth Mitchell commented at the end of April 1939, "What a great improvement there is in the condition of the people already. The whole atmosphere had become brisker and more enterprising; now at least there is hope." Even the German minister 1940: 2027:, which chose an Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation to act as Albania's administration and legislature. Hoxha became the chairman of the council's executive committee and the National Liberation Army's supreme commander. The communist partisans defeated the last Balli Kombëtar forces in southern Albania by mid-summer 1944 and encountered only scattered resistance from the Balli Kombëtar when they entered central and northern Albania by the end of July. The British military mission urged the remnants of the nationalists not to oppose the communists' advance, and the Allies recalled their representatives with them to Italy. They did not evacuate nationalist leaders, although many fled. 503: 486: 192: 1090: 1639: 356: 343: 331: 319: 307: 151: 1441: 681: 667: 652: 637: 524: 572: 560: 548: 536: 741: 729: 717: 705: 693: 263: 244: 622: 610: 597: 584: 474: 460: 224: 180: 206: 2000: 3064: 2608: 6938: 1735:. Butka had been interned in Italy for two years until he was released in August 1942 and allowed to return to Albania. He then took to the mountains and became an outstanding leader of the Balli Kombëtar movement in the Korçë area. The nucleus of his guerrilla group, 70 seasoned and highly experienced fighters, could in an emergency become a thousand men strong. The Butka group had been giving valuable assistance to the fighters at Vlorë and had recovered from the military depots in the villages of 1554:, allowed collaborationist authorities to mobilise several thousand volunteers for the army (besides regular troops). The collapse of the Italian offensive in Greece caused a crisis among the regular troops, who refused to take part in further fights, as well as in volunteer units, which dispersed; some soldiers made for the mountains. Eventually, the number of combat groups and partisan detachments, reinforced by deserters from the army, had grown to dozens, with over 3,000 men. In November in 1344: 8416: 7680: 1583: 1598:, which protected an important road junction. Partisans encircled the town in a tight ring and undertook the offensive. Over 1,000 Italians held the town. The battle lasted three days. The commander of the garrison had demanded air support, but before the support arrived, partisans seized the town. The Italians lost several hundred soldiers and considerable quantities of weapons and equipment. At the end of June the Italians started a punitive expedition against partisans in the region of 1022: 1530: 513: 496: 426: 2008: 8259: 7838: 7752: 1703: 8714: 2361: 8597: 2168:(Italian Command of the Troops in the Mountains). Its objective was to resist German troops with help from the Albanian Partisans. They managed to create some units of Italian soldiers under their command, but these troops were dispersed in the months of October–November 1943, by the German winter offensive. The officers of this command were attached to British missions in Albania and were repatriated to Italy in August 1944. 1755: 1333: 434: 416: 396: 384: 372: 279: 163: 1925:

arose concerning Kosovo. Whereas the Balli Kombetar proposed to fight for the integration of Kosovo into Albania, the Communist representatives objected fiercely. The Balli Kombetar labelled the partisans traitors to Albania and often called them "Tito's dogs" while the partisans accused the Balli Kombetar of collaborating with the Axis powers, thus igniting a war between the two that lasted a year.

55: 2173: 1917: 1154:, a marine official, tried to halt the Italian advance. Equipped only with small arms and three machine guns, they succeeded in keeping the Italians at bay for several hours. Then a large number of small tanks were unloaded from Italian ships and resistance crumbled. Within five hours Italian troops had captured the city. By 1:30 pm on the first day, all Albanian ports were in Italian hands. 1606:. Two thousand partisans took up defensive positions on mountain passes. In the first clash the Italians were forced back, but they renewed the action on 14 July with tanks, artillery and aircraft. After four days of fighting, the partisans had suffered heavy losses and retreated to higher parts of the mountains. In general from May to July the Italians lost thousands and many were wounded. 2550: 1218:. The new construction projects brought in large amounts of capital and employed many Albanians. The government began letting Italians take technical positions in Albania's civil service, and also began allowing Italian settlers to enter Albania. This largely affected the Albanians' attitude towards the Italian invaders and the locals greeted them with more respect and liking. 1415:"Mehmet Shehu was a short, wiry, dark sallow-faced man of about thirty who seldom smiled except at other people's misfortunes. He spoke good English, was very capable and had far more military knowledge than most other Albanians.... He had a reputation for bravery, courage, ruthlessness, and cruelty--he had boasted that he personally cut the throats of seventy Italian 1579:(NLM), from a number of resistance groups, including several that were strongly anti-Communist. During the war, the NLM's Communist-dominated partisans, in the form of the National Liberation Army, ignored warnings from the Italian occupiers that there would be reprisals for guerrilla attacks. Such reprisals would elicit a desire for revenge, and new recruits. 1161:, and their infant son Skander fled to Greece and eventually to London. On April 12, the Albanian parliament voted to unite the country with Italy. The Albanian parliament voted to depose Zog and unite the nation with Italy "in personal union" by offering the Albanian crown to Victor Emmanuel III and the Italians set up a fascist government under 1184:

tried to reinforce an impression of benevolence with a number of initial gestures aimed more at public relations than at addressing any of Albania's profound social and economic problems. One of Ciano's first moves was to distribute food and clothing in some of the poor areas and to release political

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on Adriatic coast, mutinous soldiers who refused further service in Italian units fought a battle with an Italian punitive expedition, killing 19 and badly wounding 30 Italians, before retreating to the mountains. In the same month a partisan detachment laid an ambush for an Italian transport column

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but it became a significant force in 1942. Even during this period there were small groups of Italian soldiers who deserted the fascist army and joined the Albanian partisans. When Italy capitulated in September 1943 there were already some 122 Italian partisans dispersed among various units in the

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The Mukje Agreement was a treaty signed on August 2, 1943, in the Albanian village of Mukje between the nationalist Balli Kombëtar and the communist National Liberation Movement. The two forces would work together in fighting off Italy's control over Albania. However, a dispute

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After several false starts, the mission made contact with the NLM. The first supply drop of arms and equipment was received on 27 June. The bulk of the stores received in this and subsequent drops were donated to the NLM, who were the dominant group in Southern Albania, and were used to equip the

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On 17–22 February 1943 in the village of Labinot, the first nationwide conference of ACP took place. The estimation of the political and military situation in the country pointed to the need to create a homogeneous national liberation army. A decision concerning warfare tactics also was taken; it

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but was expelled for left-wing political activity. In Spain Shehu fought in the Garibaldi International Brigade and became a commander of one of the brigade's battalions. After the Spanish conflict was over, he was captured and interned in France. He returned to Albania in 1942 and soon became a

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Part of the German force which occupied Albania was composed of Wehrmacht recruits from the Caucasus region. The first Wehrmacht deserters went to Albanian Partisan units at the end of 1943 during the German winter offensive, but their numbers grew in the summer of 1944 during the German summer

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In mid-1942, however, the Party called on young people to fight for the liberation of their country from Italy. This increased the number of new recruits by many young people eager for freedom. In September 1942, the party organised a popular front organisation, the National Liberation Movement

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in southern Italy to report. Although they noted that the Communist-led NLM appeared to be more interested in securing political power after the war than fighting the Germans, they recommended that SOE continue to supply them, while attempting to achieve agreement between the NLM and the other

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After March 1943, the NLM formed its first and second regular battalions, which subsequently became brigades, to operate along with existing smaller and irregular units. Resistance to the occupation grew rapidly as signs of Italian weakness became apparent. At the end of 1942, guerrilla forces

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by the partisans on 17 November 1944 after a 20-day battle. The partisans entirely liberated Albania from German occupation on 29 November 1944. The National Liberation Army, which in October 1944 consisted of 70,000 regulars, also took part in the war alongside the antifascist coalition. The

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that resulted in a decisive victory for the Albanians and the death of Italian Colonel Clementi, Lepenica committed suicide when he heard that clashes between the Communists and Ballists had started. In the autumn of 1943, Nazi Germany occupied all of Albania after Italy was defeated. Fearing

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as its military chief and Enver Hoxha as its political officer. It had 20,000 regular soldiers and guerrillas in the field by the end of that year. However, the NLA's military activities in 1943 were directed as much against the party's domestic political opponents, including prewar liberal,

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by Italians and called for the creation of a republic and the introduction of economic and social reforms, opposing King Zog's return. Their leaders acted conservatively, however, fearing that the occupiers would carry out reprisals against them or confiscate the landowners' estates. The

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would play a key role in Albania's postwar order. The Allies never recognized an Albanian government in exile or King Zog and failed to raise the question of Albania or its borders at any of the major wartime conferences. No reliable statistics on Albania's wartime losses exist, but the

1842:, the remaining Ballists tried to remain in control of the region after the Yugoslav Partisans announced victory. The insurrection was later crushed and Ballist leaders were either imprisoned, exiled or killed due to their co-operation with the Nazis. Ballists were also active in 1785:

with the help of Allied aviation resulted in victory. After Italian capitulation, Communists and Ballists sought the peaceful surrender of all remaining Italian forces. However Hysni Lepenica, instructed by the Central Committee of the National Front, went to Gërhot, where the

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There were a significant number of foreign citizens who participated in Albanian resistance during World War II. They were composed mostly of Italian soldiers who wished to continue the war against Nazi Germany, but other people from different nationalities participated also.

2180:. Some 401 were engaged in logistics roles and another 1,277 were attached to local commands. During the period 1943–1945 there were other units of Italian fighters among Albanian partisans, such as the 6th Battalion of the Fifth Shock Brigade, composed of some 200 Italians. 2189:

offensive. There was a great flow of Wehrmacht deserters during the end of conflict to Albania from September to October 1944 as German forces began withdrawing from Albania. In August 1944 a new unit was formed, Third Shock Brigade, from some 40 Wehrmacht deserters (mostly

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mostly "either deserted or fled in droves". Albanian agents recruited before the war, are reported to have operated behind Greek lines and engaged in acts of sabotage but these were few in number. Support for the Greeks, although of limited nature, came primarily from the

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The communist partisans had regrouped and gained control of much of southern Albania in January 1944. However, German attacks drove them out of certain areas until June. On May 29 the members of the National Liberation Front (as the movement was by then called) held the

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ordered the collection of weapons in Kosovo and the arrest of prominent Albanians. This was not well received among Albanians. Combined with the passions felt about Kosovo, it inflamed an insurrection. On 2 December 1944, Ballists from the Drenica region attacked the

1169:, from which Italy had resigned in 1937. On June 3, 1939, the Albanian foreign ministry was merged into the Italian foreign ministry. The Albanian military was placed under Italian command and formally merged into the Italian Army in 1940. Additionally, the Italian 1549:

The resistance in Albania became active after the defeats of the Italian forces in the war with Greece, which started on 28 October 1940. Originally the slogan of building the "Greater Albania", into which the Italians promised to incorporate a substantial part of

2197:). Another 70 Armenians created their own unit attached to the First Shock Brigade in September 1944. There were also other small groups of Wehrmacht deserters dispersed among Albanian partisan forces, composed of Germans, Austrians, Frenchmen, Czechs and Poles. 2069:

During the Nazi occupation, most Jews in Albania proper were saved. During the Axis occupation of Kosovo, Albanian collaborators persecuted Serb and Montenegrin settlers. Between 70,000 and 100,000 were expelled or transferred to concentration camps in

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as his second-in-command. Rather than drop "blind" into Albania, the mission was dropped into North-West Greece, where British parties were already operating with Greek guerrillas. From there, they made their way into Albania on foot or on mules.

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Many Italian forces surrendered to the advancing German army. Most of them were sent to concentration camps or for forced labour in Albania in the service of the German army, and there were also mass killings of Italian officers, mostly from the

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in 1943, the Italian military and police establishment in Albania buckled. Five Italian divisions were disarmed by the Germans, but many Italians soldiers evaded capture and flocked to the guerrilla forces; the sixth Italian division in Albania

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Najrealnije procene, na osnovu dostupnih arhivskih izvora, ukazuju da je u toku Drugoga svetskog rata na Kosovu i Metohiji život izgubilo oko 10 hiljada Crnogoraca i Srba, među kojima su većina stradali kao žrtve terora i zločina albanskih

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landowners often came to terms with the Italians, and later the Germans, to prevent the loss of their wealth and power. The Balli Kombëtar, which had fought against the Italians, was threatened by the superior forces of the LNC and the

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There were also some 2,150 Italians who expressed their desire to continue the fight dispersed among Albanian partisan units. Some 472 Italian fighters were dispersed among Partisan shock brigades. A group of 137 men who created the

2225:. These attempts were quickly abandoned after the Germans and Italians overran Yugoslavia. Thereafter, no attempt was made to contact Albanian resistance groups until 17 April 1943, when M.O.4, a branch of the liaison organisation 2265:

In January 1944, the Germans attacked and overran the British mission HQ. Brigadier Davies was captured, while Lieutenant Colonel Nicholls died of exposure and post-operative shock after leading the survivors to safety.

1240:, five months before the start of the Second World War. The Albanian armed resistance proved ineffective against the Italians and, after a short defense, the country was occupied. On 9 April 1939, Zog I fled to 1419:

who had been taken prisoner. I got along with him at first, for as soldiers we had something in common; but he did little to conceal his dislike for all things British, and my relations with him deteriorated."

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The Center for Relief to Civilian Populations (Geneva) reported that Albania was one of the most devastated countries in Europe. 60,000 houses were destroyed and about 10% of the population was left homeless.

1511:, by now a democratic politician, who created an underground organisation called the Unity Front. This front, which increased in numbers within several months, was crushed in April 1941 after the defeat of 1747:, Pleshishti, and Verbinj all the agricultural production (corn, tobacco, wool, etc.) which the Italians had requisitioned and restored to its owners. His forces attacked Italians on Floq in January 1943, 1267:'s assurances of Albanian support in view of the promised "liberation" of , Albanian enthusiasm for the war was distinctly lacking. The few Albanian units raised to fight during the developments of the 1389:. After returning to Albania in 1936 without having earned a degree, he taught French for years at his former lycée and participated in a communist cell in Korçë. He later went to Tirana and when the 1143:. The original Italian plans for the invasion called for up to 50,000 men supported by 137 naval units and 400 airplanes. Ultimately the invasion force grew to 100,000 men supported by 600 airplanes. 2277:

were evacuated to Italy at the end of October. SOE refused to evacuate Abaz Kupi on the same boat. He made his own escape from the country, and picked up by a Royal Naval vessel in the Adriatic.

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recommended that commanders of units conduct actions with bigger forces. On 17 May, twelve partisan detachments under the homogeneous command carried out an attack on the Italian garrison in

1365:, eventually rose to become the most powerful figures in Albania for decades after the war. The dominant figure of modern Albanian history, Enver Hoxha rose from obscurity. Born in 1908 to a 1300:

society monitored by King Zog's security police, Albania's Communist movement attracted few adherents in the interwar period. In fact, the country had no fully-fledged Communist Party before

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reported about 30,000 Albanian war dead, 200 destroyed villages, 18,000 destroyed houses, and about 100,000 people left homeless. Albanian official statistics claim somewhat higher losses.

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Before the end of November, the main German troops had withdrawn from Tirana, and the communists took control by attacking it. A provisional government, which the communists had formed at

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in Tirana of 130 members under the leadership of Hoxha and an eleven-man Central Committee. The party at first had little mass appeal, and even its youth organisation netted few recruits.

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Albania stood in an unenviable position after World War II. The NLF's strong links with Yugoslavia's communists, who also enjoyed British military and diplomatic support, guaranteed that

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to Albania to organise communist cells. However, Albania had no working class on which the communists could rely for support. Paris became the Albanian communists' hub until

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numbered no more than 8,000 to 10,000. By the summer of 1943, when the Italian effort collapsed, almost all of the mountainous interior was controlled by resistance units.

5509: 5254: 4855: 2273:'s group and the Balli Kombëtar in northern Albania, that the NLM were using these arms against their political opponents rather than the Germans. Smiley, MacLean and 6860: 4871: 1112:

refused to accept money in exchange for countenancing a full Italian takeover and colonisation of Albania, and on April 7, 1939, Mussolini's troops, led by General

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Bailey, Roderick (2002). "Smoke Without Fire? Albania, SOE, and the Communist 'Conspiracy Theory'". In Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers; Bernd J. Fischer (eds.).

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was located to take their weapons as agreed with the division general, but after Tilman's intervention the division general attacked Lepenica's group. At the

5821: 5184: 4486: 4111: 2246: 2205: 42: 4827: 4773: 3959: 2474:... Ne tetor 1944 forcat partizane kishin arritur mbi 40.000 vete (Albanian), In October 1944, the partisan forces had reached over 40,000 people (English) 1894:

that would coordinate their guerrilla operations. The two groups eventually ended all collaboration, however, over a disagreement on the postwar status of

1519:. Some of its members passed over to the collaborationist camp, some were arrested, and some others fled to the mountains. The warfare ceased for a while. 1133: 7150: 7047: 6984: 5291: 4780: 4396: 2145:

Some Italians took refuge in the mountains of Albania, while about 15,000 Italian soldiers surrendered to Albanian partisans. Some Italian troops led by

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after the war with the hope that Tito would cede Kosovo back to Albania peacefully, while the nationalist Balli Kombëtar advocated keeping the province.

1065:. At first independent, the Communist groups united in the beginning of 1942, which ultimately led to the successful liberation of the country in 1944. 3806: 1890:

and urged the disparate Albanian groups to unite their efforts. In August 1943, the Allies convinced communist and Balli Kombëtar leaders to sign the

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Badlands, borderlands: a history of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania "Balle Kombetar, strongly Albanian nationalist, Muslim and at times pro-German

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prominent figure. During the conflict, he won a reputation for his command abilities with the partisans. In his memoirs published in 1984, British

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After the neutral government was formed, Ballist forces in collaboration with Germans fought the Communists extensively. Balli Kombëtar captured

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fled in 1924 to Italy and later the United States, several of his leftist protégés migrated to Moscow, where they affiliated themselves with the

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La guerra più lunga: Albania 1943–1948 Volume 14 of Testimonianze fra cronaca e storia Author Franco Benanti Publisher U. Mursia, 1966 p. 81-83.

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During the remainder of 1944, SOE continued to supply the NLM, despite complaints from MacLean and Smiley, now running liaison parties with

7881: 7108: 5618: 5474: 5458: 5430: 4671: 3878: 7245: 7155: 7059: 6375: 5442: 5354: 5298: 5261: 4536: 1771: 2671: 9040: 7639: 7175: 5347: 4072: 2425: 8932: 8784: 7614: 7190: 6853: 5481: 3864: 3822: 3458:. MacMillan & Co Ltd London. This book from a British agent with the Royalists during the war has no ISBN but is being reprinted. 2314: 2063: 1212:, perpetually critical of the Italians, commented favorably on the Italian tempo, which he likened to the tempo in Austria after the 3651: 2504: 2397: 9075: 7278: 6702: 4514: 4288: 4051: 3917: 3728: 2737: 2378: 2106:

Albanian National Liberation Army. When Italy capitulated there were some 100,000 Italian soldiers in Albania. They were from the

1677:(National Front). This movement recruited supporters from both the large landowners and peasantry. They supported the creation of 9050: 8590: 8575: 8419: 8354: 7802: 7195: 7080: 5597: 5394: 5046: 4424: 3924: 3836: 3772: 1821:

With the Germans driven out by the Yugoslav Partisans, and the Albanian communists claiming victory in Albania, Yugoslav leader

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at Shtylla, August 1943 during the first SOE mission to Albania. Behind them are Stilian and Stephan and, on the right, Major

2142:, together with 150 officers, were executed in Saranda. Some other 32 officers were also killed in Kuç area three days later. 1373:

who returned to Albania after working in the United States, Hoxha attended the country's best college-preparatory school, the

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was formed in November 1941, he was appointed as the general secretary of the party, a post he kept until his death in 1985.

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Rome, however, delivered Tiranë an ultimatum on March 25, 1939, demanding that it accede to Italy's occupation of Albania.

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The British had tried mounting liaison operations into Italian-occupied Albania in early 1941, from what was then neutral

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attempted to assassinate king Victor Emmanuel III by shooting at him. However he failed and was shortly after executed.

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Fischer, Bernd J. (1991). "Resistance in Albania during the Second World War: Partisans, Nationalists and the S.O.E.".

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and soon absorbed Albania's military and diplomatic service into Italy's. On April 15, 1939, Albania withdrew from the

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British agents working in Albania during the war fed the Albanian resistance fighters with false information that the

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in advance, so the Italian dictator decided in early 1939 to proceed with his own annexation of Albania. Italy's King

8870: 8805: 8779: 8237: 8153: 8031: 7814: 7624: 7579: 7564: 7559: 7534: 7458: 6869: 5751: 5723: 5540: 5122: 4834: 4801: 3583: 3508: 3402: 2786: 2747: 2681: 2654: 2444: 2253:(nicknamed "Trotsky" at Sandhurst because of the "disciplined bolshevism" in his character), with Lieutenant Colonel 2075: 1939: 1879:, which was a Balli Kombëtar stronghold, and nationalists attached to the NLM gained control over much of the north. 952: 4017: 2393: 1316:(Comintern), the Soviet-sponsored association of international communist parties. In 1930, the Comintern dispatched 9035: 8840: 8504: 7966: 7584: 7412: 6906: 6064: 6001: 5136: 4965: 4088: 3021: 196: 129: 38: 4642: 2505:"ENVER HOXHA, COMMISSIONER AND COMMANDER OF UNCH, EXCELLED AS A GREAT MILITARY STRATEGIST IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR" 9085: 8585: 6430: 6271: 6260: 6096: 5855: 5814: 5707: 5645: 5025: 4295: 4164: 4132: 2254: 1385:

in France, but lost an Albanian state scholarship for neglecting his studies. He subsequently moved to Paris and

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Democratization from within: Political Culture and the Consolidation of Democracy in Post-Communist Albania

2309: 2304: 2226: 1796: 1449: 1406: 815: 3155: 8815: 8789: 8528: 8437: 8392: 8374: 8282: 8194: 8077: 7665: 7594: 7544: 7468: 7145: 7135: 6913: 6237: 6189: 5807: 5779: 5632: 5247: 5226: 4740: 4403: 4309: 3799: 1237: 1078: 856: 76: 1875:) went over to the Resistance. The communists took control of most of Albania's southern cities, except 1638: 8958: 8523: 8409: 8364: 8359: 8302: 8297: 8262: 8209: 7760: 7722: 7634: 7629: 7120: 7030: 6711: 6207: 6126: 6071: 5959: 5915: 5565: 5191: 5115: 5010: 4887: 4759: 4752: 4712: 4685: 4417: 4350: 3945: 3756: 3686: 1423: 962: 1670: 1177:, initially recruited from Italian colonists living in Albania, but later also from ethnic Albanians. 1084: 994: 9065: 9060: 8552: 8397: 8369: 8292: 7946: 7821: 7755: 7712: 7423: 6613: 6530: 6315: 6175: 6147: 5980: 5885: 5675: 5108: 4175: 3829: 2418: 2319: 1465: 4373: 8968: 8287: 7717: 7604: 7463: 7064: 6352: 6329: 5581: 5382: 5375: 5032: 4692: 4664: 4657: 4044: 3627: 3564: 2299: 2230: 2210: 2161: 1523: 1390: 1374: 1207: 1174: 1089: 905: 8600: 4389: 4366: 1818:. However the Balli Kombëtar in these regions were more aggressive than the Ballists of Albania. 984: 972: 9005: 8910: 8835: 8626: 8513: 8457: 8132: 8013: 7899: 7745: 7655: 7549: 7498: 7483: 7443: 7387: 7376: 7264: 6774: 6718: 6588: 6448: 6133: 5786: 5682: 5588: 5017: 4987: 4951: 4936: 4808: 4700: 4678: 4624: 4610: 4592: 4256: 4037: 3765: 3714: 2371: 2245:

Later in 1943, SOE increased the size of the mission to Albania. The new commander was Brigadier

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One of Mussolini's plans for the Italian protectorate of Albania was to italianize its citizens.

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Manelli, Gani. "Partisan Politics in World War II Albania: the Struggle for Power, 1939–1944."

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Illyrian venture: The Story of the British Military Mission to Enemy-occupied Albania, 1943–44

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The OSS in World War II Albania: Covert Operations and Collaboration with Communist Partisans

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reprisals from larger forces, the Balli Kombëtar made a deal with the Germans and formed a

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After the invasion of Albania by Italy in April 1939, 100,000 Italian soldiers and 11,000

8: 8915: 8641: 8570: 8277: 8127: 8021: 7961: 7956: 7941: 7778: 7574: 7513: 7085: 6899: 6673: 6551: 6507: 6029: 5163: 4922: 4449: 4279: 4263: 4212: 2286: 2250: 2214: 2101: 1766:

The fighting that took place with general commander Hysni Lepenica during August 1942 in

1504: 1102: 1009: 528: 108: 3661: 1986:

neighboring Yugoslavia, and the German Army was retreating from Greece into Yugoslavia.

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History of 3rd Shock Brigade p. 17-18 (Historiku i Brigadës III Sulmuese, f. 17–18.)

1803: 1706: 1674: 1642: 1627: 1424:

Beginning of Albanian Communist and Fascist parties and National Liberation Movement

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in Tirana with which it continued its war with the LNC and the Yugoslav Partisans.

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In Durrës, a force of only 360 Albanians, mostly gendarmes and townspeople, led by

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The NLM formally established the National Liberation Army (NLA) in July 1943 with

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Komiteti Kombëtar i Veteranëve të LANÇ-it, Dosja e partizanëve të huaj (italianë)

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prisoners. He personally distributed 190,000 gold francs to the needy in Tirana,

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had strong support among the population after the Albania annexation of Kosovo.

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Arhivska građa o ljudskim gubicima na Kosovu i Metohiji u Drugome svetskom ratu

2194: 2059: 2011: 1767: 1507:. An attempt to unite those groups in one organization was undertaken by Major 1280:

who warmly welcomed the arrival of the Greek forces in the southern districts.

1248: 1181: 685: 626: 576: 3615: 3425: 2472:(in Albanian). Albania: epopeja e lavdishme e popullit shqiptar. p. 296. 2135: 1666: 1646: 1599: 1568: 1370: 1343: 1190: 388: 9029: 8742: 8631: 8415: 6643: 4561: 4410: 4249: 3454: 3299:

History of 5th Shock Brigade p. 364 (Historiku i Brigadës V Sulmuese, f. 364)

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boasted in May 1941 to a group of Albanian fascists that he had achieved the

1151: 1021: 947: 614: 571: 559: 547: 535: 512: 495: 425: 211: 1572: 1571:. Several Italians were killed. On 17 May 1941 in Tirana a young man called 1097:

Germany annexed Austria, and moved against Czechoslovakia without notifying

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Antonio Gramsci Battalion were attached to the First Shock Brigade and the

2146: 1920:

Communists and ballists converse during the Mukje agreement, August 2, 1943

1780: 1665:

A nationalist resistance to the Italian occupiers emerged in October 1942.

1614: 1586: 1529: 1485: 1456:

received support from the population, mainly because of the unification of

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as Chief of Staff. MacLean and Smiley were withdrawn to SOE's new base at

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Italian soldiers in an unidentified location in Albania, April 12, 1939.

87:

1944, Partisans march through Tirana after occupying it 28 November 1944

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nationalist, and monarchist parties, as against the occupation forces.

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and other Albanian-populated territories with Albania proper after the

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In November 1941, the small Albanian Communist groups established an

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The National Committee of WWII Veterans, File on Foreign Partisans (

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deportations depleted their ranks after the fall of France in 1940.

1125: 8694: 8679: 7909: 7361: 7356: 7336: 7331: 7256: 4463: 4191: 2071: 2047: 1851: 1835: 1595: 1551: 1400:'s American Vocational School. He went on to a military college in 1386: 1305: 1260: 3527:

Albania in Occupation and War: From Fascism to Communism 1940–1945

2492:(in German). University of California: R. Wunderlich. p. 199. 1916: 1876: 1857: 1754: 1555: 1198: 1121: 59:

Clockwise from top left: Albanian refugees crossing the border to

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The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005

3023:

The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005

2553:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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In spite of Albania's long-standing protection and alliance with

1157:

Unwilling to become an Italian puppet, King Zog, his wife, Queen

1062: 1030: 155: 8727: 8689: 5080: 3671: 3529:. Albania in the Twentieth Century. Vol. II. I.B. Tauris. 3412:

Bailey, Roderick (2000). "OSS-SOE Relations, Albania 1943–44".

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Socialist Albania since 1944: domestic and foreign developments

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criticised the plan to take Albania as an unnecessary risk.

3626:

One Man in His Time – The life of Lieutenant-Colonel N.L.D.

2583: 2581: 2579: 7914: 2719: 2717: 2537: 2258: 1687: 3445:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 143–157. 2014:. The partisan monument and graveyard on the outskirts of 8942: 3607: 3602:). The Memoirs of a SOE officer in Albania and Thaïland ( 3362: 3350: 2905: 2903: 2851: 2849: 2576: 2714: 2690: 2527: 2525: 2756: 2598: 2596: 2229:, dispatched a mission commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 2053:

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

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In an effort to win Albanian support for Italian rule,

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Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

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Au coeur de l’action clandestine. Des Commandos au MI6

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Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe

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Collaborated with the Axis against the communist LANÇ

1545:

commemorating partisan forces in Southeastern Albania

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Albanian partisans also helped in the liberation of

1951:

in Macedonia after defeating the partisan garrison.

1943:

German checkpoint in central Albania, September 1943

7864: 3302: 2795: 2385:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1898:. The communists supported returning the region to 3395:The Wildest Province: SOE in the Land of the Eagle 3096: 1810:. Their forces were mainly centered in Mitrovica, 1150:, the commander of the gendarmerie in Durrës, and 3181: 2824: 2822: 2663: 2636: 9027: 1037:began with its invasion by Italy in April 1939. 9056:Military history of Albania during World War II 3468:. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. 3253: 3251: 3215:. Indiana University Press. pp. 114, 141. 3127: 2642: 1858:Between Italian surrender and German occupation 1716:Among prominent Balli Kombëtar commanders were 1673:formed the Western-oriented and anti-communist 18:Military history of Albania during World War II 2819: 2200: 7272: 6985: 3687: 3559:. The SOE in Albania by a brother-in-arms of 2485: 2126:divisions and other small independent units. 2099:Albanian resistance began in 1940 with small 2064:collaborating with the Axis occupation forces 823: 3248: 3182:Bieber, Florian; Daskalovski, Zidas (2004). 2149:, ex-commander of Firenze Division, created 2003:Partisans entering Tirana, November 28, 1944 1328:Enver Hoxha's and Mehmet Shehu's early years 1049:. The resistance was largely carried out by 9071:Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943) 3455:Sons of the Eagle: A Study in Guerrilla War 3443:Albanian Identities : Myth and History 3121: 3103:(illustrated ed.). MIT Press. p. 2883:Tito, Mihailović, and the Allies, 1941–1945 2646:The Second World War (Six Volume Boxed Set) 2209:Xhelal Staraveçka shaking hands with Major 1251:and the Fascist regime encouraged Albanian 1228:Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943) 837: 7279: 7265: 6992: 6978: 3694: 3680: 3636:Albania in WWII by Julian Amery, from the 3501:The Special Operations Executive 1940–1946 2987: 2946:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 830: 816: 787:Around (including civilians) 28,000 killed 3613:Brigadier Edmund Frank "Trotsky" Davies. 3202: 2643:Keegan, John; Churchill, Winston (1986). 2445:Learn how and when to remove this message 2062:were driven out of Greece and accused of 1621: 1480:long desired by Tirana nationalists. The 1310:Balkan Confederation of Communist Parties 240: 9081:Eastern European theatre of World War II 8347: 8202: 3638:Oxford Companion to the Second World War 3019: 2960: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2204: 2178:unit was attached to Third Shock Brigade 2094: 2085: 2076:10,000 are estimated to have been killed 2006: 1998: 1938: 1915: 1753: 1701: 1637: 1581: 1528: 1439: 1381:. In 1930 he attended the university at 1342: 1331: 1088: 1020: 7610:Albanian resistance during World War II 3524: 3482: 3461: 3235: 3082: 3070: 2921: 2909: 2879: 2873: 2735: 2723: 2708: 2696: 2676:. New York: Garland Pub. p. 1353. 2673:World War II in Europe: an encyclopedia 2669: 2626: 2614: 2602: 2587: 2531: 1221: 202: 14: 9028: 8596: 5548: 5526:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 3570: 3543: 3440: 3411: 3392: 3368: 3356: 3344: 3332: 3320: 3094: 2762: 2649:. Boston: Mariner Books. p. 314. 2469:Lufta antifashiste nacional çlirimtare 2315:Socialist People's Republic of Albania 2183: 2034:in October, administered Albania with 1886:were planning a major invasion of the 1452:settled in the country. Initially the 1291: 7260: 6973: 6397:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 5829:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 5475:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 5431:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 4529:Rape during the occupation of Germany 3675: 3610:agent (Poland, Albania, Oman, Yemen). 3208: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2964:Lufta e armatosur e popullit shqiptar 2774: 2465: 2337: 2157:Comando Italiano Truppe alla Montagna 1989: 811: 43:Mediterranean and Middle East theatre 7286: 5519:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 4544:Rape during the liberation of France 3495: 3308: 2736:Cullhaj, Florian (31 October 2016). 2383:adding citations to reliable sources 2354: 1995:Provisional Communist administration 1928: 1444:NLM flag (often seen without a star) 1287:Communist and Nationalist resistance 3128:Miranda Vickers (28 January 2011). 2082:and other Albanian paramilitaries. 24: 5745:German invasion of the Netherlands 4018:Weather events during World War II 3414:Intelligence and National Security 3008: 2502: 1905: 1770:, Mavrovë, Vadicë, Drashovicë and 1430:Albanian National Liberation Front 1296:Faced with an agrarian and mostly 1025:Map of Albania during World War II 25: 9097: 9041:World War II resistance movements 7550:Principality of Albania (1914–25) 7535:Provisional Government of Albania 6376:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 3645: 3386:Library of Congress Country Study 2489:Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkriegs 1236:, on 7 April 1939 Italian troops 8712: 8595: 8414: 8258: 8257: 7837: 7836: 7751: 7750: 7678: 6936: 3701: 2548: 2512:Anëtar i Byrosë Politike të PKSH 2486:Günther Dahms, Hellmuth (1965). 2359: 1830:and other targets. Similarly in 739: 727: 715: 703: 691: 679: 665: 650: 635: 620: 608: 595: 582: 570: 558: 546: 534: 522: 511: 501: 494: 484: 472: 458: 432: 424: 414: 394: 382: 370: 354: 341: 329: 317: 305: 277: 261: 242: 222: 204: 197:Northern Epirus Liberation Front 190: 178: 161: 149: 130:Democratic Government of Albania 53: 9076:Balkans campaign (World War II) 3594:, L’Esprit du Livre Editions, ( 3293: 3284: 3273: 3264: 3229: 3185:Understanding the War in Kosovo 3175: 3148: 3131:The Albanians: A Modern History 3088: 3040: 2981: 2954: 2915: 2768: 2729: 2370:needs additional citations for 1806:were also active in Kosovo and 1396:Shehu, also a Tosk, studied at 9051:Civil wars of the 20th century 8933:Orders, decorations and medals 7540:Albania during the Balkan Wars 7001:Resistance during World War II 6623:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 4326:Territorial changes of Germany 4234:Indonesian National Revolution 3590:Translated in French in 2008. 3553:. London: Chatto & Windus. 3462:Fischer, Bernd Jürgen (1999). 2560:"Albania – Italian Occupation" 2496: 2479: 2459: 1873:41st Infantry Division Firenze 1866:'s fascist regime and Italy's 13: 1: 7580:Albanian Republic (1925–1928) 7454:Massacre of the Albanian Beys 6023:Japanese invasion of Thailand 5974:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 5738:German invasion of Luxembourg 4112:Mediterranean and Middle East 2330: 2295:tradition during World War II 1589:as military chief of the NLA. 1495:, former gendarmerie officer 1072: 791:44,500 imprisoned or deported 7585:Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939) 7560:Autonomous Province of Korçë 5930:Invasion of the Soviet Union 5619:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 4930:Independent State of Croatia 3578:. Norwich: Michael Russell. 3567:. With numerous photographs. 3026:. Indiana University Press. 2310:Timeline of Albanian history 2305:Participants in World War II 2041: 1758:Balli Kombëtar forces enter 1407:Special Operations Executive 7: 7620:Orthography Congress (1972) 7615:Communist Albania (1946–91) 7595:Italian invasion of Albania 7545:Republic of Central Albania 7525:Declaration of Independence 7469:Albanian National Awakening 6914:End of World War II in Asia 6754:Western invasion of Germany 6261:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 6238:Second Battle of El Alamein 5808:Hundred Regiments Offensive 5780:Battle of the Mediterranean 5633:Italian invasion of Albania 3800:Air warfare of World War II 3134:. I.B.Tauris. p. 155. 2775:Lucas, Peter (2007-03-23). 2280: 2201:Allied links and assistance 2074:and Mitrovica while nearly 1491:Several groups were led by 1079:Italian invasion of Albania 10: 9102: 7590:Union with Italian kingdom 7031:June Uprising in Lithuania 6840:Naval bombardment of Japan 6208:First Battle of El Alamein 6127:Battle of Christmas Island 6072:Japanese invasion of Burma 5836:Italian invasion of Greece 5752:German invasion of Belgium 5724:German invasion of Denmark 5697:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 5566:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 3823:Comparative military ranks 3378: 3209:Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). 3020:P. Ramet, Sabrina (2006). 2742:. Edizioni Nuova Cultura. 2670:Zabecki, David T. (1999). 2242:"First Partisan Brigade". 2058:Furthermore, thousands of 1935:Albanian Kingdom (1943–44) 1932: 1909: 1788:Italian division "Ferrara" 1631: 1625: 1587:Major General Spiro Moisiu 1558:, a town near the port of 1503:, and rightist politician 1433: 1427: 1271:(1940–1941) alongside the 1225: 1082: 1076: 433: 415: 395: 383: 371: 278: 162: 8985: 8951: 8884: 8853: 8798: 8767: 8760: 8703: 8660: 8614: 8537: 8499: 8490: 8449: 8445: 8436: 8338: 8270: 8246: 8193: 8167: 8146: 8107: 8103: 8094: 8050: 8012: 7974: 7928: 7855: 7790: 7786: 7777: 7731: 7700: 7696: 7687: 7676: 7648: 7512: 7411: 7375: 7307: 7298: 7073: 7009:Anti-communist resistance 7008: 6929: 6761:Bratislava–Brno offensive 6701: 6692:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 6429: 6316:Allied invasion of Sicily 6270: 6176:Aleutian Islands campaign 6148:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 6095: 6086:Greek famine of 1941–1944 5981:Second Battle of Changsha 5886:German invasion of Greece 5854: 5731:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 5706: 5644: 5539: 5420: 5146: 5056: 4897: 4600: 4591: 4349: 4174: 4066:North and Central Pacific 4027: 3789: 3782: 3709: 3521:40, no. 3 (2006): 333–348 3465:Albania At War, 1939–1945 3426:10.1080/02684520008432601 3397:. London: Jonathan Cape. 3393:Bailey, Roderick (2008). 3188:. Routledge. p. 58. 3095:Prifti, Peter R. (1978). 2961:Frashëri, Xhemil (2003). 2886:. Duke University Press. 2394:"World War II in Albania" 2320:Antonio Gramsci Battalion 1695:, who were backed by the 849: 793: 781: 772: 754: 295: 141: 91: 52: 36: 31: 7605:The Holocaust in Albania 7464:Uprising of Dervish Cara 6353:Allied invasion of Italy 6330:Solomon Islands campaign 6079:Third Battle of Changsha 5676:First Battle of Changsha 5582:Second Sino-Japanese War 4515:German military brothels 4381:United States war crimes 2988:Winnifrith, Tom (2002). 2880:Roberts, Walter (1987). 2857:"Albania – World War II" 2300:The Holocaust in Albania 1657:(from left to right) in 1524:Albanian Communist Party 1391:Albanian Communist Party 1175:Albanian Fascist Militia 77:Italian troops in Durrës 9036:Albania in World War II 7444:Islamization of Albania 7434:Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini 7388:Principality of Arbanon 7074:Anti-fascist resistance 6775:Second Guangxi campaign 6630:Philippines (1944–1945) 6134:Battle of the Coral Sea 6037:Fall of the Philippines 5683:Battle of South Guangxi 5589:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4988:Italian Social Republic 3519:East European Quarterly 3485:East European Quarterly 1314:Communist International 1278:local Greek populations 1173:formed four legions of 1085:Battle of Durrës (1939) 841:World War II in Albania 795:Axis and collaborators: 508:Grigorios Lambovitiadis 32:World War II in Albania 9086:Wars involving Albania 7625:Post-Communist Albania 7600:German Nazi occupation 7555:World War I in Albania 7424:Skanderbeg's rebellion 6360:Armistice of Cassibile 6162:Battle of Dutch Harbor 6113:Battle of the Java Sea 6016:Attack on Pearl Harbor 5916:Syria–Lebanon campaign 5909:Battle of South Shanxi 5879:Invasion of Yugoslavia 5662:Battle of the Atlantic 5276:Korean Liberation Army 4982:(until September 1943) 4939:(until September 1944) 4917:(until September 1944) 3641:(1995), pp. 24–26 3525:Pearson, Owen (2006). 3280:secondorisorgimento.it 3052:www.zemrashqiptare.net 2262:resistance movements. 2218: 2019: 2004: 1976:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1970:in liberating part of 1944: 1921: 1862:With the overthrow of 1763: 1713: 1662: 1622:Nationalist resistance 1590: 1552:Greek Epirus (Cameria) 1546: 1482:Albanian Fascist Party 1462:conquest of Yugoslavia 1454:Albanian Fascist Party 1445: 1351: 1340: 1094: 1057:(until 1943) and then 1041:set up Albania as its 1026: 296:Commanders and leaders 233:(Italian Protectorate) 99:1939–29 November 1944 8923:Epitaph of Gllavenica 6524:Second Battle of Guam 6420:Bengal famine of 1943 6390:Second Battle of Kiev 6346:Battle of the Dnieper 6051:Battle of Wake Island 5923:East African campaign 5865:Battle of South Henan 5510:atrocities by Germans 5283:Korean Volunteer Army 4257:Occupation of Germany 4011:Music in World War II 3662:World War II: Albania 2922:Këlcyra, Ali (2012). 2830:"Valiant highlanders" 2803:"Valiant highlanders" 2466:Dingu, Kadri (2001). 2208: 2095:Italian participation 2086:Foreign participation 2010: 2002: 1942: 1919: 1828:Trepča mining complex 1757: 1705: 1641: 1585: 1532: 1443: 1357:and a veteran of the 1346: 1335: 1203:Eberhard von Pannwitz 1092: 1024: 782:Casualties and losses 777:troops were stationed 602:Mustafa Merlika-Kruja 128:Establishment of the 8355:Archaeological sites 7865:Vetting Institutions 7565:Italian protectorate 7479:Congress of Manastir 7459:Revolts of 1833–1839 7026:Lithuanian partisans 6810:Surrender of Germany 6288:Battle of West Hubei 6245:Guadalcanal campaign 6215:Battle of Stalingrad 6141:Battle of Madagascar 4908:Albania protectorate 4695:(formerly Swaziland) 4404:Wehrmacht war crimes 4220:Expulsion of Germans 4004:Art and World War II 3902:British contribution 3851:Governments in exile 3619:, Bodley Head, 1952. 3557:Patrick Leigh Fermor 3236:Antonijević, Nenad. 2379:improve this article 2134:Division centred in 1978:. By that time, the 1955:Tirana was liberated 1797:"neutral government" 1493:Baba Faja Martaneshi 1472:in the spring 1941. 1222:Italian puppet state 361:Baba Faja Martaneshi 8576:Research institutes 8138:State Supreme Audit 7575:Republic of Mirdita 7109:Bohemia and Moravia 6900:Potsdam Declaration 6789:Italy (Spring 1945) 6552:Liberation of Paris 6009:Siege of Sevastopol 5020:(until August 1944) 4923:Wang Jingwei regime 4745:from September 1943 4705:from September 1944 4643:from September 1944 4503:Romanian war crimes 4494:Persecution of Jews 4480:Croatian war crimes 4450:Japanese war crimes 4264:Occupation of Japan 4213:First Indochina War 3925:Military production 3837:Declarations of war 3667:Valiant highlanders 3565:Neil "Billy" McLean 3550:Albanian Assignment 3371:, pp. 155–156. 3359:, pp. 103–104. 2287:Albania under Italy 2251:Royal Ulster Rifles 2247:Edmund Frank Davies 2184:Wehrmacht deserters 2038:as prime minister. 1686:chieftains and the 1505:Muharrem Bajraktari 1312:and through it the 1292:Origin of Communism 1103:Victor Emmanuel III 1053:groups against the 529:Victor Emmanuel III 81:Communist Partisans 63:in April 12, 1939, 8393:Adriatic Sea Coast 8320:Telecommunications 8027:Capital punishment 7920:Prosecutor General 7489:Malissori uprising 7449:Albanian Pashaliks 7403:House of Kastrioti 7393:Kingdom of Albania 7036:Estonian partisans 6893:Surrender of Japan 6726:Battle of Iwo Jima 6575:Belgrade offensive 5988:Siege of Leningrad 5872:Battle of Shanggao 5801:British Somaliland 5766:Dunkirk evacuation 5717:Norwegian campaign 5655:Invasion of Poland 5482:Japanese prisoners 4443:Italian war crimes 4374:British war crimes 4289:Soviet occupations 4073:South-West Pacific 3960:Allied cooperation 3918:Military equipment 2590:, p. 444–445. 2219: 2140:Ernesto Chiminello 2025:Congress of Përmet 2020: 2005: 1990:Communist takeover 1945: 1922: 1764: 1714: 1693:Yugoslav Partisans 1663: 1591: 1547: 1446: 1352: 1341: 1265:Francesco Jacomoni 1095: 1027: 773:More than 700,000 553:Francesco Jacomoni 491:Vasileios Sachinis 9023: 9022: 8981: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8849: 8848: 8756: 8755: 8748:Cognac Skënderbeu 8555: 8507: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8420:Images of Albania 8388: 8387: 8247:Natural resources 8238:Hydropower plants 8233: 8232: 8090: 8089: 8086: 8085: 7895: 7894: 7832:Political parties 7827:Foreign relations 7773: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7674: 7673: 7630:1997 Civil Unrest 7474:League of Prizren 7398:Despotate of Arta 7254: 7253: 7021:Latvian partisans 6967: 6966: 6925: 6924: 6768:Battle of Okinawa 6667:Burma (1944–1945) 6501:Mariana and Palau 6281:Tunisian campaign 6106:Fall of Singapore 6030:Fall of Hong Kong 5773:Battle of Britain 5626:Operation Himmler 5535: 5534: 5199:Dutch East Indies 4835:Southern Rhodesia 4587: 4586: 4487:Genocide of Serbs 4390:German war crimes 4367:Soviet war crimes 4360:Allied war crimes 4206:Division of Korea 4185:Chinese Civil War 3983:Strategic bombing 3895:Manhattan Project 3600:978-2-915960-27-3 3576:Irregular Regular 3536:978-1-84511-104-5 3475:978-1-55753-141-4 3222:978-0-25334-656-8 3195:978-1-13576-155-4 3163:www.yadvashem.org 3141:978-0-85773-655-0 3114:978-0-262-16070-4 3048:"Zemra Shqiptare" 3001:978-0-7156-3201-7 2974:978-99943-949-9-9 2933:978-99956-87-81-6 2893:978-0-8223-0773-0 2861:countrystudies.us 2765:, pp. 56–57. 2726:, pp. 78–79. 2699:, pp. 70–73. 2564:countrystudies.us 2455: 2454: 2447: 2429: 2325:Greco-Italian War 1929:German occupation 1450:Italian colonists 1436:Greco-Italian War 1359:Spanish Civil War 1269:Greco-Italian War 1167:League of Nations 1159:Geraldine Apponyi 1018: 1017: 806: 805: 672:Hermann Neubacher 216:(until Sep. 1943) 185:Legality Movement 137: 136: 16:(Redirected from 9093: 9066:1940s in Albania 9061:1930s in Albania 9008: 9001: 8994: 8765: 8764: 8716: 8599: 8598: 8551: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8447: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8418: 8398:Ionian Sea Coast 8345: 8344: 8261: 8260: 8200: 8199: 8154:Shopping centers 8123: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8078:Border crossings 7952:Cities and towns 7862: 7861: 7840: 7839: 7788: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7754: 7753: 7698: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7682: 7504:Kimza Government 7305: 7304: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7258: 7257: 6994: 6987: 6980: 6971: 6970: 6960: 6953: 6946: 6943:World portal 6941: 6940: 6916: 6909: 6902: 6895: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6863: 6856: 6849: 6842: 6835: 6828: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6803:Prague offensive 6798: 6796:Battle of Berlin 6791: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6742: 6740:Vienna offensive 6735: 6728: 6721: 6719:Battle of Manila 6714: 6694: 6685: 6676: 6669: 6660: 6653: 6646: 6639: 6632: 6625: 6618: 6609: 6600: 6593: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6533: 6526: 6519: 6512: 6503: 6496: 6487: 6478: 6469: 6462: 6460:Korsun–Cherkassy 6455: 6444: 6422: 6413: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6385: 6378: 6371: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6341: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6302:Bombing of Gorky 6297: 6290: 6283: 6263: 6256: 6247: 6240: 6233: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6171: 6169:Battle of Midway 6164: 6157: 6155:Battle of Gazala 6150: 6143: 6136: 6129: 6122: 6115: 6108: 6088: 6081: 6074: 6067: 6065:Battle of Borneo 6060: 6058:Malayan campaign 6053: 6046: 6039: 6032: 6025: 6018: 6011: 6004: 6002:Bombing of Gorky 5997: 5995:Battle of Moscow 5990: 5983: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5939: 5932: 5925: 5918: 5911: 5904: 5895: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5847: 5838: 5831: 5824: 5817: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5768: 5761: 5759:Battle of France 5754: 5747: 5740: 5733: 5726: 5719: 5699: 5692: 5685: 5678: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5635: 5628: 5621: 5614: 5612:Munich Agreement 5607: 5600: 5591: 5584: 5577: 5568: 5561: 5546: 5545: 5528: 5521: 5512: 5505: 5498: 5497:Soviet prisoners 5491: 5484: 5477: 5468: 5461: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5437:German prisoners 5433: 5413: 5404: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5285: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5257: 5250: 5243: 5236: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5139: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5069: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4990: 4983: 4975: 4968: 4966:French Indochina 4961: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4910: 4890: 4881: 4874: 4865: 4858: 4851: 4844: 4837: 4830: 4823: 4816: 4813:from August 1944 4804: 4797: 4790: 4783: 4776: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4736: 4729: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4696: 4688: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4646: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4598: 4597: 4578: 4571: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4539: 4524: 4517: 4510: 4505: 4496: 4489: 4482: 4473: 4466: 4459: 4457:Nanjing Massacre 4452: 4445: 4436: 4434:Nuremberg trials 4427: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4399: 4392: 4383: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4342: 4335: 4328: 4319: 4312: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4194: 4187: 4167: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4135: 4128: 4121: 4114: 4105: 4098: 4091: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4047: 4040: 4038:Asia and Pacific 4020: 4013: 4006: 3999: 3992: 3985: 3978: 3969: 3967:Mulberry harbour 3962: 3955: 3948: 3941: 3934: 3927: 3920: 3913: 3904: 3897: 3890: 3881: 3874: 3867: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3839: 3832: 3825: 3818: 3809: 3802: 3787: 3786: 3775: 3768: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3738: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3673: 3672: 3628:("Billy") McLean 3589: 3554: 3540: 3514: 3492: 3479: 3446: 3437: 3408: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3282: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3246: 3245: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3169: 3160: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3102: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3017: 3006: 3005: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2945: 2937: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2898: 2897: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2853: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2840: 2826: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2640: 2634: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2591: 2585: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2570: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2535: 2529: 2520: 2519: 2509: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2463: 2450: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2428: 2387: 2363: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2165: 1968:communist forces 1912:Mukje Conference 1864:Benito Mussolini 1784: 1734: 1671:Mit’hat Frashëri 1651:Mit'hat Frashëri 1543: 1501:Mustafa Gjinishi 1497:Gani bey Kryeziu 1474:Benito Mussolini 1211: 1142: 953:Tirana and Kruja 906:Spring offensive 857:Italian invasion 844: 842: 832: 825: 818: 809: 808: 802:20,800 prisoners 744: 743: 742: 734:Ibrahim Biçakçiu 732: 731: 730: 720: 719: 718: 710:Rexhep Mitrovica 708: 707: 706: 696: 695: 694: 684: 683: 670: 669: 659: 655: 654: 640: 639: 625: 624: 623: 613: 612: 611: 604: 600: 599: 598: 587: 586: 585: 575: 574: 563: 562: 551: 550: 541:Benito Mussolini 539: 538: 527: 526: 515: 506: 505: 504: 498: 489: 488: 487: 477: 476: 475: 463: 462: 461: 447: 437: 436: 435: 428: 419: 418: 417: 409: 399: 398: 397: 387: 386: 385: 375: 374: 373: 363: 359: 358: 357: 346: 345: 344: 334: 333: 332: 322: 321: 320: 310: 309: 308: 289: 282: 281: 280: 273: 266: 265: 264: 256: 255: 254:(from Sep. 1943) 252: 248: 246: 245: 234: 227: 226: 225: 217: 214: 210: 208: 207: 195: 194: 193: 183: 182: 181: 173: 166: 165: 164: 154: 153: 152: 93: 92: 71:converse during 57: 39:European theatre 29: 28: 21: 9101: 9100: 9096: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9091: 9090: 9026: 9025: 9024: 9019: 9011: 9004: 8997: 8990: 8973: 8959:Public holidays 8947: 8880: 8845: 8794: 8752: 8699: 8656: 8610: 8533: 8486: 8424: 8384: 8334: 8325:Posta Shqiptare 8266: 8242: 8229: 8189: 8163: 8142: 8121: 8082: 8068:Organized crime 8046: 8008: 7970: 7924: 7891: 7851: 7765: 7761:Protected areas 7727: 7683: 7670: 7644: 7635:NATO membership 7518: 7516: 7508: 7429:League of Lezhë 7417: 7415: 7407: 7381: 7379: 7371: 7294: 7285: 7255: 7250: 7239: 7105:Czechoslovakia 7101:Channel Islands 7069: 7053:Cursed soldiers 7004: 6998: 6968: 6963: 6956: 6949: 6935: 6933: 6921: 6912: 6905: 6898: 6891: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6859: 6854:Atomic bombings 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6815: 6808: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6780: 6773: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6697: 6690: 6679: 6672: 6665: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6635: 6628: 6621: 6612: 6603: 6596: 6587: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6557: 6550: 6545:Eastern Romania 6543: 6538:Warsaw Uprising 6536: 6531:Tannenberg Line 6529: 6522: 6517:Western Ukraine 6515: 6506: 6499: 6490: 6481: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6447: 6438: 6425: 6418: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6314: 6309:Battle of Kursk 6307: 6300: 6293: 6286: 6279: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6197: 6188: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6132: 6125: 6120:St Nazaire Raid 6118: 6111: 6104: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6007: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5979: 5972: 5965: 5958: 5944: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5907: 5902:Anglo-Iraqi War 5900: 5893:Battle of Crete 5891: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5850: 5841: 5834: 5827: 5822:Eastern Romania 5820: 5813: 5806: 5799: 5792: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5715: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5660: 5653: 5640: 5631: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5564: 5557: 5531: 5524: 5517: 5508: 5501: 5496: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5464: 5457: 5448: 5441: 5436: 5429: 5416: 5409: 5400: 5393: 5388: 5383:Western Ukraine 5381: 5374: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5339: 5332: 5327:Northeast China 5325: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5290: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5052: 5045: 5038: 5031: 5026:Slovak Republic 5024: 5016: 5009: 5002: 4997:Empire of Japan 4995: 4986: 4978: 4971: 4964: 4957: 4950: 4943: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4913: 4906: 4893: 4886: 4877: 4870: 4861: 4854: 4847: 4840: 4833: 4826: 4819: 4807: 4800: 4793: 4786: 4779: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4699: 4691: 4684: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4583: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4542: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4509:Sexual violence 4508: 4501: 4492: 4485: 4478: 4469: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4441: 4432: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4402: 4395: 4388: 4379: 4372: 4365: 4358: 4345: 4338: 4331: 4324: 4315: 4308: 4301: 4294: 4287: 4278: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4239: 4232: 4227:Greek Civil War 4225: 4218: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4190: 4183: 4170: 4163: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4131: 4124: 4117: 4110: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4078: 4071: 4064: 4057: 4052:South-East Asia 4050: 4043: 4036: 4023: 4016: 4009: 4002: 3995: 3988: 3981: 3974: 3965: 3958: 3951: 3944: 3937: 3930: 3923: 3916: 3911:Military awards 3909: 3900: 3893: 3886: 3877: 3870: 3863: 3856: 3849: 3842: 3835: 3828: 3821: 3814: 3805: 3798: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3755: 3748: 3741: 3736: 3727: 3720: 3713: 3705: 3700: 3648: 3586: 3537: 3511: 3476: 3405: 3381: 3376: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261:, Tiranë, 1989) 3256: 3249: 3240:. p. 479. 3234: 3230: 3223: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3167: 3165: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3142: 3126: 3122: 3115: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3056: 3054: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3034: 3018: 3009: 3002: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2959: 2955: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2901: 2894: 2878: 2874: 2865: 2863: 2855: 2854: 2847: 2838: 2836: 2828: 2827: 2820: 2811: 2809: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2789: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2734: 2730: 2722: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2684: 2668: 2664: 2657: 2641: 2637: 2625: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2594: 2586: 2577: 2568: 2566: 2558: 2549: 2547: 2538: 2530: 2523: 2507: 2501: 2497: 2484: 2480: 2464: 2460: 2451: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2388: 2386: 2376: 2364: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2338: 2333: 2283: 2255:Arthur Nicholls 2231:"Billy" MacLean 2203: 2186: 2159: 2138:. Its general, 2097: 2088: 2044: 1997: 1992: 1962:, and assisted 1937: 1931: 1914: 1908: 1906:Mukje agreement 1892:Mukje Agreement 1860: 1823:Josip Broz Tito 1792:battle of Gjorm 1774: 1751:in March 1943. 1724: 1679:Greater Albania 1655:Thoma Orollogaj 1636: 1630: 1624: 1537: 1478:Greater Albania 1438: 1432: 1426: 1369:landowner from 1330: 1294: 1289: 1238:invaded Albania 1230: 1224: 1205: 1180:Upon invading, 1163:Shefqet Verlaci 1136: 1134:Bishti i Pallës 1114:Alfredo Guzzoni 1087: 1081: 1075: 1019: 1014: 963:German invasion 845: 840: 838: 836: 801: 799: 797: 790: 788: 769: 765: 763: 750: 740: 738: 728: 726: 716: 714: 704: 702: 692: 690: 678: 664: 649: 648: 634: 631: 621: 619: 609: 607: 596: 594: 593: 589:Shefqet Verlaci 583: 581: 569: 565:Alberto Pariani 557: 545: 533: 521: 502: 500: 485: 483: 481: 473: 471: 470: 469: 459: 457: 451: 443: 431: 413: 405: 393: 381: 377:Midhat Frashëri 369: 366: 355: 353: 352: 342: 340: 330: 328: 318: 316: 306: 304: 287: 286: 276: 272:(German Client) 271: 270: 262: 260: 253: 243: 241: 239: 237: 232: 231: 223: 221: 215: 205: 203: 191: 189: 188: 179: 177: 171: 170: 160: 158: 150: 148: 125: 111: 73:Mukje Agreement 58: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9099: 9089: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9021: 9020: 9018: 9017: 9010: 9009: 9002: 8995: 8987: 8986: 8983: 8982: 8979: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8955: 8953: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8908: 8896: 8890: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8879: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8857: 8855: 8851: 8850: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8771: 8769: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8754: 8753: 8751: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8709: 8707: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8666: 8664: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8608: 8603: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8557: 8556: 8543: 8541: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8510: 8508: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8473:Noble families 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8453: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8430: 8429: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8422: 8412: 8407: 8395: 8389: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8351: 8349: 8342: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8274: 8272: 8271:Infrastructure 8268: 8267: 8265: 8255: 8250: 8248: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8240: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8206: 8204: 8197: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8171: 8169: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8161: 8156: 8150: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8117: 8111: 8109: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8032:Assassinations 8029: 8024: 8018: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7984: 7978: 7976: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7947:Municipalities 7944: 7939: 7934: 7932: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7868: 7866: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7844: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7822:Prime Minister 7819: 7807: 7794: 7792: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7748: 7743: 7737: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7691: 7685: 7684: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7652: 7650: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7521: 7519: 7517:(1912–present) 7510: 7509: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7499:Revolt of 1912 7496: 7494:Taksim meeting 7491: 7486: 7484:Revolt of 1910 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7439:Arbëni Council 7436: 7431: 7426: 7420: 7418: 7413:Ottoman period 7409: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7384: 7382: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7313: 7311: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7284: 7283: 7276: 7269: 7261: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7237: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7215: 7214: 7213: 7212: 7211: 7206: 7198: 7193: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7117: 7116: 7111: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7077: 7075: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7056: 7055: 7045: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7012: 7010: 7006: 7005: 6997: 6996: 6989: 6982: 6974: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6961: 6954: 6947: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6917: 6910: 6903: 6889: 6888: 6887: 6873: 6870:South Sakhalin 6866: 6865: 6864: 6850: 6843: 6836: 6829: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6806: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6707: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6695: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6670: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6610: 6601: 6594: 6585: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6555: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6513: 6504: 6497: 6488: 6479: 6470: 6463: 6456: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6407: 6393: 6386: 6379: 6372: 6365: 6364: 6363: 6349: 6342: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6298: 6295:Battle of Attu 6291: 6284: 6276: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6257: 6248: 6241: 6234: 6225: 6218: 6211: 6204: 6195: 6194: 6193: 6186: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6151: 6144: 6137: 6130: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6101: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6044:Battle of Guam 6040: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5967:Battle of Kiev 5963: 5956: 5942: 5941: 5940: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5905: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5882: 5875: 5868: 5860: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5839: 5832: 5825: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5783: 5776: 5769: 5762: 5755: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5727: 5720: 5712: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5672: 5665: 5658: 5650: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5594: 5593: 5592: 5585: 5571: 5570: 5569: 5554: 5552: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5522: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5506: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5478: 5471: 5470: 5469: 5466:United Kingdom 5462: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5434: 5426: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5414: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5398: 5386: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5358: 5351: 5344: 5337: 5330: 5323: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5288: 5287: 5286: 5279: 5265: 5258: 5251: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5152: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5112: 5105: 5098: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5062: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5050: 5043: 5036: 5029: 5022: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4993: 4992: 4991: 4976: 4969: 4962: 4955: 4948: 4941: 4933: 4926: 4919: 4911: 4903: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4891: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4863:British Empire 4856:United Kingdom 4852: 4845: 4838: 4831: 4824: 4817: 4805: 4798: 4791: 4784: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4697: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4672:Czechoslovakia 4668: 4661: 4654: 4647: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4606: 4604: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4580: 4579: 4572: 4569:Rape of Manila 4565: 4558: 4551: 4540: 4525: 4518: 4506: 4499: 4498: 4497: 4490: 4476: 4475: 4474: 4467: 4460: 4446: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4430: 4429: 4428: 4421: 4407: 4400: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4355: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4343: 4340:United Nations 4336: 4329: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4285: 4276: 4267: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4237: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4209: 4202: 4199:Decolonization 4195: 4188: 4180: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4145: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4129: 4122: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4099: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4076: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4048: 4033: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4021: 4014: 4007: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3979: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3963: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3891: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3875: 3872:United Kingdom 3868: 3854: 3847: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3819: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3795: 3793: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3769: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3718: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3647: 3646:External links 3644: 3643: 3642: 3633: 3620: 3611: 3584: 3568: 3541: 3535: 3522: 3515: 3509: 3493: 3480: 3474: 3459: 3447: 3438: 3409: 3403: 3390: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3361: 3349: 3337: 3325: 3313: 3311:, p. 240. 3301: 3292: 3283: 3272: 3263: 3247: 3228: 3221: 3201: 3194: 3174: 3147: 3140: 3120: 3113: 3087: 3085:, p. 272. 3083:Pearson (2006) 3075: 3071:Pearson (2006) 3063: 3039: 3032: 3007: 3000: 2980: 2973: 2953: 2932: 2914: 2912:, p. 242. 2910:Pearson (2006) 2899: 2892: 2872: 2845: 2834:ww2.debello.ca 2818: 2807:ww2.debello.ca 2794: 2787: 2767: 2755: 2748: 2728: 2724:Fischer (1999) 2713: 2709:Fischer (1999) 2701: 2697:Fischer (1999) 2689: 2682: 2662: 2655: 2635: 2627:Fischer (1999) 2619: 2615:Fischer (1999) 2607: 2603:Fischer (1999) 2592: 2588:Pearson (2006) 2575: 2536: 2534:, p. 418. 2532:Pearson (2006) 2521: 2503:Gjergi, Gjon. 2495: 2478: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2367: 2365: 2358: 2351: 2350: 2335: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2289: 2282: 2279: 2202: 2199: 2185: 2182: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2084: 2060:Cham Albanians 2043: 2040: 2012:Mother Albania 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1933:Main article: 1930: 1927: 1910:Main article: 1907: 1904: 1859: 1856: 1804:Balli Kombëtar 1722:Hysni Lepenica 1707:Balli Kombëtar 1682:nationalistic 1675:Balli Kombëtar 1643:Balli Kombëtar 1628:Balli Kombëtar 1626:Main article: 1623: 1620: 1428:Main article: 1425: 1422: 1375:National Lycée 1329: 1326: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1249:Galeazzo Ciano 1226:Main article: 1223: 1220: 1182:Galeazzo Ciano 1132:and 8 more at 1077:Main article: 1074: 1071: 1061:occupation in 1016: 1015: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 976: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 914: 913: 911:Karadak–Gollak 908: 903: 898: 893: 882: 881: 876: 871: 860: 859: 850: 847: 846: 835: 834: 827: 820: 812: 804: 803: 800:21,245 wounded 792: 789:12,600 wounded 784: 783: 779: 778: 771: 757: 756: 752: 751: 749: 748: 736: 724: 712: 700: 698:Mehdi Frashëri 688: 686:Josef Fitzthum 675: 674: 661: 660: 645: 644: 630: 629: 627:Eqrem Libohova 617: 605: 591: 579: 577:Renzo Dalmazzo 567: 555: 543: 531: 518: 516: 468: 467: 454: 452: 450: 449: 439:Hysni Lepenica 429: 411: 391: 379: 365: 364: 350: 338: 326: 314: 301: 298: 297: 293: 292: 291: 290: 284:Balli Kombëtar 274: 236: 235: 199: 174: 168:Balli Kombëtar 144: 143: 139: 138: 135: 134: 133: 132: 124: 123: 119: 117: 113: 112: 107: 105: 101: 100: 97: 89: 88: 50: 49: 34: 33: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9098: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9016: 9013: 9012: 9007: 9003: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8989: 8988: 8984: 8970: 8969:Copyright law 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8950: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8928:Sign language 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8917: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8883: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8854:Entertainment 8852: 8842: 8841:Indoor arenas 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8806:Weightlifting 8804: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8775:National team 8773: 8772: 8770: 8766: 8763: 8759: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8706: 8702: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8652:Sworn virgins 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8613: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8554: 8550: 8549: 8548: 8545: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8536: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8502: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8489: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8435: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8404: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8269: 8264: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8245: 8239: 8236: 8235: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8192: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8106: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8093: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8049: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7927: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7897: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7811: 7810:Head of state 7808: 7806: 7804: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7686: 7681: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7647: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7515: 7511: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7414: 7410: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7378: 7374: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7282: 7277: 7275: 7270: 7268: 7263: 7262: 7259: 7247: 7244: 7241: 7240: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7219: 7216: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7016:Baltic States 7014: 7013: 7011: 7007: 7002: 6995: 6990: 6988: 6983: 6981: 6976: 6975: 6972: 6959: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6939: 6932: 6931: 6928: 6915: 6911: 6908: 6904: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6877:Kuril Islands 6874: 6871: 6867: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6851: 6848: 6844: 6841: 6837: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6823: 6818: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6807: 6804: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6741: 6737: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6693: 6689: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6671: 6668: 6664: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6644:Syrmian Front 6641: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6602: 6599: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6590:Market Garden 6586: 6583: 6579: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6553: 6549: 6546: 6542: 6539: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6502: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6468: 6464: 6461: 6457: 6454: 6450: 6449:Monte Cassino 6446: 6443: 6442: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6421: 6417: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6394: 6391: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6212: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6166: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6152: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6138: 6135: 6131: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6076: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6062: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6048: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6020: 6017: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5869: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5837: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5819: 5816: 5815:Baltic states 5812: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5770: 5767: 5763: 5760: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5725: 5721: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5670: 5666: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5527: 5523: 5520: 5516: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5490: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5467: 5463: 5460: 5459:United States 5456: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5395:Quốc dân Đảng 5392: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5095:Liechtenstein 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5048: 5047:Collaboration 5044: 5041: 5037: 5034: 5030: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4981: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4872:United States 4869: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4839: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4683: 4680: 4676: 4673: 4669: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4566: 4563: 4562:Comfort women 4559: 4556: 4552: 4549: 4546: / 4545: 4541: 4538: 4535: / 4534: 4531: / 4530: 4526: 4523: 4522:Camp brothels 4519: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4458: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4411:The Holocaust 4408: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4397:forced labour 4394: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4337: 4334: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4251: 4250:Marshall Plan 4247: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4200: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4103:Eastern Front 4100: 4097: 4096:Western Front 4093: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3998: 3994: 3991: 3990:Puppet states 3987: 3984: 3980: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3932:Naval history 3929: 3926: 3922: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3879:United States 3876: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3797: 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McFarland. 2780: 2779: 2771: 2764: 2763:Smiley (1984) 2759: 2751: 2749:9788868128258 2745: 2741: 2740: 2732: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2711:, p. 75. 2710: 2705: 2698: 2693: 2685: 2683:0-8240-7029-1 2679: 2675: 2674: 2666: 2658: 2656:0-395-41685-X 2652: 2648: 2647: 2639: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2616: 2611: 2605:, p. 36. 2604: 2599: 2597: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2555:public domain 2545: 2543: 2541: 2533: 2528: 2526: 2517: 2513: 2506: 2499: 2491: 2490: 2482: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2446: 2438: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2396: – 2395: 2391: 2390:Find sources: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2368:This article 2366: 2362: 2357: 2356: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2336: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2233:, with Major 2232: 2228: 2224: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2103: 2092: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2054: 2049: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1974:and southern 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1941: 1936: 1926: 1918: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1855: 1854:in the area. 1853: 1850:fighting the 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1629: 1619: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1544: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1442: 1437: 1431: 1421: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1350:as a partisan 1349: 1345: 1339:as a partisan 1338: 1334: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1229: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1153: 1152:Mujo Ulqinaku 1149: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1091: 1086: 1080: 1070: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1039:Fascist Italy 1036: 1032: 1023: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 982: 981: 980: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 925: 924: 923: 919: 918: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 888: 887: 886: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 866: 865: 864: 858: 855: 854: 853: 848: 843: 833: 828: 826: 821: 819: 814: 813: 810: 798:26,595 killed 796: 786: 785: 780: 776: 768: 762: 759: 758: 753: 747: 737: 735: 725: 723: 713: 711: 701: 699: 689: 687: 682: 677: 676: 673: 668: 663: 662: 658: 653: 647: 646: 643: 638: 633: 632: 628: 618: 616: 615:Maliq Bushati 606: 603: 592: 590: 580: 578: 573: 568: 566: 561: 556: 554: 549: 544: 542: 537: 532: 530: 525: 520: 519: 517: 514: 509: 499: 497: 492: 480: 466: 456: 455: 453: 448: 446: 440: 430: 427: 422: 412: 410: 408: 402: 392: 390: 380: 378: 368: 367: 362: 351: 349: 339: 337: 327: 325: 315: 313: 303: 302: 300: 299: 294: 285: 275: 269: 259: 258: 257: 251: 230: 220: 219: 218: 213: 200: 198: 187: 186: 175: 169: 159: 157: 146: 145: 140: 131: 127: 126: 121: 120: 118: 115: 114: 110: 106: 103: 102: 98: 95: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 56: 51: 48: 44: 40: 35: 30: 27: 19: 9006:Bibliography 8913: 8911:Coat of arms 8901: 8799:Other sports 8622:Folk beliefs 8586:Universities 8514:Architecture 8458:Demographics 8400: 8310: 8159:Supermarkets 8133:Trade unions 8014:Human rights 7989: 7930:Subdivisions 7900:Constitution 7812: 7800: 7746:Biodiversity 7640:EU Accession 7609: 7514:Independence 7186:Soviet Union 6951:Bibliography 6934: 6747:Project Hula 6712:Vistula–Oder 6681: 6614: 6605: 6589: 6559: 6508: 6492: 6483: 6474: 6440: 6337: 6252: 6228: 6198: 5949: 5842: 5787:North Africa 5489:Soviet Union 5443:Soviet Union 5369:Soviet Union 5156: 5137:Vatican City 5040:Vichy France 4945:German Reich 4842:Soviet Union 4828:South Africa 4821:Sierra Leone 4774:Newfoundland 4593:Participants 4576:Marocchinate 4280: 4271: 4241: 4119:North Africa 4080:Indian Ocean 3939:Nazi plunder 3830:Cryptography 3703:World War II 3637: 3625: 3623:Xan Fielding 3614: 3591: 3575: 3561:Julian Amery 3555:Foreword by 3549: 3526: 3518: 3500: 3497:Foot, M.R.D. 3488: 3484: 3464: 3453: 3450:Julian Amery 3442: 3420:(2): 20–35. 3417: 3413: 3394: 3384: 3364: 3352: 3340: 3328: 3316: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3275: 3266: 3258: 3241: 3237: 3231: 3211: 3204: 3184: 3177: 3166:. Retrieved 3162: 3156:"Yad Vashem" 3150: 3130: 3123: 3098: 3090: 3078: 3066: 3055:. Retrieved 3051: 3042: 3022: 2990: 2983: 2967:. Dardania. 2963: 2956: 2923: 2917: 2882: 2875: 2864:. Retrieved 2860: 2837:. Retrieved 2833: 2810:. Retrieved 2806: 2797: 2777: 2770: 2758: 2738: 2731: 2704: 2692: 2672: 2665: 2645: 2638: 2622: 2610: 2567:. Retrieved 2563: 2515: 2511: 2498: 2488: 2481: 2473: 2468: 2461: 2441: 2432: 2422: 2415: 2408: 2401: 2389: 2377:Please help 2372:verification 2369: 2292: 2275:Julian Amery 2268: 2264: 2244: 2240: 2235:David Smiley 2220: 2211:Billy McLean 2187: 2175: 2170: 2154: 2150: 2147:Arnaldo Azzi 2144: 2131: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2100: 2098: 2089: 2068: 2057: 2045: 2029: 2021: 1953: 1946: 1923: 1881: 1861: 1820: 1801: 1765: 1715: 1664: 1615:Spiro Moisiu 1612: 1608: 1592: 1577: 1564: 1548: 1533: 1521: 1499:, communist 1490: 1486:Tefik Mborja 1447: 1414: 1410:David Smiley 1395: 1363:Mehmet Shehu 1353: 1348:Mehmet Shehu 1318:Ali Kelmendi 1302:World War II 1295: 1282: 1273:Italian Army 1246: 1231: 1213: 1179: 1156: 1145: 1107: 1096: 1067: 1047:puppet state 1043:protectorate 1035:World War II 1028: 978: 977: 921: 920: 916: 915: 891:Klisura Pass 884: 883: 862: 861: 851: 839: 794: 766: 760: 657:Theodor Geib 642:Adolf Hitler 482: 444: 406: 348:Haxhi Lleshi 336:Mehmet Shehu 324:Spiro Moisiu 238: 201: 176: 172:(until 1943) 147: 142:Belligerents 122:LANÇ victory 83:fighting in 47:World War II 37:Part of the 26: 8519:Photography 8505:(galleries) 8380:Lighthouses 8253:Oil and gas 8175:Agriculture 7975:Legislature 7847:Visa policy 7733:Environment 7416:(1385–1912) 7380:(1190–1385) 7377:Middle Ages 7166:Netherlands 6682:Bodenplatte 6568:Gothic Line 5794:West Africa 5341:Philippines 5320:Netherlands 5185:Czech lands 5123:Switzerland 5067:Afghanistan 5011:Philippines 4879:Puerto Rico 4795:Philippines 4781:New Zealand 4767:Netherlands 4720:Free France 4471:Prosecution 4272:Osoaviakhim 4142:West Africa 4126:East Africa 3773:Conferences 3503:. Pimlico. 3491:(1): 21–43. 3309:Foot (1984) 3073:, p. . 2926:. Albania. 2924:Ali Kelcyra 2617:, p. . 2160: [ 2136:Gjirokastër 2036:Enver Hoxha 1980:Soviet Army 1775: [ 1725: [ 1718:Safet Butka 1667:Ali Këlcyra 1647:Ali Këlcyra 1600:Mallakastra 1569:Gjirokastër 1538: [ 1470:Axis powers 1417:carabinieri 1383:Montpellier 1371:Gjirokastër 1355:Enver Hoxha 1337:Enver Hoxha 1253:irredentism 1206: [ 1193:, Saranda, 1191:Gjirokastra 1171:Blackshirts 1137: [ 985:Draufgänger 746:Xhafer Deva 421:Safet Butka 389:Ali Këlcyra 312:Enver Hoxha 288:(from 1943) 9030:Categories 8866:Television 8826:Volleyball 8821:Basketball 8675:Fustanella 8637:Secularism 8606:Albanology 8591:Publishers 8571:Literature 8313:structures 8180:Healthcare 8122:(currency) 8004:Opposition 7905:Corruption 7798:Government 7347:Dassaretii 7218:Yugoslavia 7161:Luxembourg 7003:by country 6782:West Hunan 6615:Pointblank 5951:Silver Fox 5937:Summer War 5690:Winter War 5669:Phoney War 5450:Azerbaijan 5411:Yugoslavia 5306:Luxembourg 5148:Resistance 4888:Yugoslavia 4753:Luxembourg 4555:Sook Ching 4351:War crimes 3953:Technology 3946:Opposition 3888:Lend-Lease 3865:Australian 3858:Home front 3816:Blitzkrieg 3766:Casualties 3757:Commanders 3729:Operations 3606:), then a 3452:, (1948). 3388:of Albania 3243:kvislinga. 3168:2015-11-04 3057:2015-10-31 3033:0253346568 2866:2015-11-08 2839:2015-11-08 2812:2015-11-04 2629:, p. 2569:2015-10-31 2405:newspapers 2331:References 2223:Yugoslavia 2215:Peter Kemp 2018:, Albania. 1972:Montenegro 1900:Yugoslavia 1844:Montenegro 1709:forces in 1634:Legaliteti 1632:See also: 1573:Vasil Laçi 1513:Yugoslavia 1434:See also: 1263:. Despite 1083:See also: 1073:Background 968:Drashovica 896:Trebeshina 722:Fiqri Dine 69:Communists 61:Yugoslavia 8811:Athletics 8723:Tavë kosi 8615:Tradition 8581:Libraries 8539:Education 8348:Monuments 8330:Squatting 8308:Highrises 8203:Operators 8185:Companies 8042:Ombudsman 7982:Elections 7857:Judiciary 7791:Executive 7708:Mountains 7701:Landscape 7689:Geography 7570:Vlora War 7367:Taulantii 7342:Bylliones 7309:Illyrians 7242:See also: 7228:Macedonia 7156:Lithuania 6847:Manchuria 6733:Indochina 6509:Bagration 5960:Lithuania 5605:Anschluss 5402:Viet Minh 5299:Lithuania 5241:Hong Kong 5004:Manchukuo 4959:Azad Hind 4618:Australia 4418:Aftermath 4281:Paperclip 4176:Aftermath 3976:Total war 3844:Diplomacy 3807:In Europe 3604:Force 136 3434:154196298 2942:cite book 2435:June 2010 2271:Abaz Kupi 2191:Armenians 2176:Matteotti 2080:Vulnetari 2042:Aftermath 1982:was also 1868:surrender 1808:Macedonia 1772:Llakatund 1509:Abaz Kupi 1215:Anschluss 1189:, Vlora, 1148:Abaz Kupi 1099:Mussolini 1051:Communist 1010:Desivojca 479:Ndoc Çoba 465:Abaz Kupi 401:Xhem Hasa 9015:Category 8938:Passport 8916:armorial 8894:Heraldry 8836:Olympics 8831:Swimming 8790:Stadiums 8768:Football 8695:Xhamadan 8680:Xhubleta 8662:Costumes 8642:Religion 8601:Proverbs 8566:Language 8547:Alphabet 8529:Theatres 8478:Diaspora 8375:Churches 8293:Railways 8283:Aviation 8278:Highways 8168:Industry 8128:Taxation 8058:Military 8051:Security 8022:Abortion 7992:speakers 7987:Assembly 7962:Villages 7957:Communes 7942:Counties 7910:EURALIUS 7842:Treaties 7803:agencies 7779:Politics 7666:Archives 7661:Timeline 7649:See also 7362:Parthini 7357:Labeatae 7337:Balaites 7332:Amantini 7292:articles 7233:Slovenia 7209:Taganrog 7114:Slovakia 7096:Bulgaria 7043:Bulgaria 6958:Category 6907:document 6817:document 6674:Ardennes 6658:Budapest 6606:Crossbow 6484:Overlord 6323:Smolensk 5541:Timeline 5376:Slovakia 5362:Thailand 5213:Ethiopia 5178:Bulgaria 5102:Portugal 5033:Thailand 4915:Bulgaria 4693:Eswatini 4686:Ethiopia 4639:Bulgaria 4464:Unit 731 4425:Response 4242:Keelhaul 4192:Cold War 4165:Americas 4156:timeline 4149:Atlantic 4029:Theaters 3574:(1994). 3547:(1984). 3499:(1984). 2281:See also 2124:Brennero 2072:Pristina 2048:Belgrade 1984:entering 1852:Chetniks 1836:Gostivar 1739:, Suli, 1645:leaders 1604:Tepelenë 1596:Leskovik 1565:en route 1560:Shëngjin 1387:Brussels 1306:Fan Noli 1304:. After 1261:Chameria 1255:towards 1130:Shëngjin 1128:, 28 at 1124:, 38 in 1120:, 40 at 1110:King Zog 943:Tepelena 933:Leskovik 901:Hill 731 755:Strength 104:Location 65:Ballists 8992:Outline 8964:Smoking 8886:Symbols 8816:Cycling 8785:Players 8705:Cuisine 8670:Qeleshe 8561:Abetare 8553:scripts 8524:Museums 8492:Culture 8438:Society 8410:Beaches 8403:riviera 8365:Mosques 8360:Castles 8340:Tourism 8303:Tunnels 8298:Bridges 8115:Banking 8108:Finance 8096:Economy 8073:Prisons 7999:Members 7756:Habitat 7741:Climate 7723:Islands 7656:Origins 7352:Enchele 7327:Amantes 7322:Albanoi 7317:Ardiaei 7300:History 7288:Albania 7223:Croatia 7200:Russia 7196:Moldova 7191:Belarus 7181:Romania 7136:Germany 7126:Estonia 7121:Denmark 7091:Belgium 7086:Austria 7081:Albania 7065:Ukraine 7060:Romania 6884:Shumshu 6651:Hungary 6598:Estonia 6582:Lapland 6560:Dragoon 6493:Neptune 6475:Ichi-Go 6441:Tempest 6383:Changde 6338:Cottage 6230:Jubilee 5946:Finland 5844:Compass 5550:Prelude 5503:Finland 5389:Vietnam 5355:Romania 5227:Germany 5206:Estonia 5192:Denmark 5171:Belgium 5164:Austria 5157:Albania 5088:Ireland 5074:Andorra 5058:Neutral 5018:Romania 4952:Hungary 4937:Finland 4809:Romania 4701:Finland 4679:Denmark 4625:Belgium 4611:Algeria 4317:Romania 4303:Hungary 4059:Pacific 3783:General 3737:Leaders 3722:Battles 3715:Outline 3379:Sources 2419:scholar 2249:of the 2195:Turkmen 2132:Perugia 2116:Perugia 2108:Firenze 2078:by the 1888:Balkans 1848:Sandžak 1812:Drenica 1760:Prizren 1749:Vithkuq 1741:Gračani 1535:Lapidar 1468:by the 1412:wrote: 1187:Shkodra 1118:Sarandë 1063:Albania 1055:Italian 1031:Albania 995:Preševo 879:Saranda 869:Korytsa 770:~40,000 445:† 407:† 268:Albania 250:Germany 229:Albania 109:Albania 8876:Cinema 8761:Sports 8728:Kabuni 8718:Gjellë 8690:Opinga 8647:Nevruz 8468:Tribes 8463:Census 8451:People 8370:Tekkes 8263:Mining 8195:Energy 8147:Retail 8063:Police 7713:Rivers 7530:Anthem 7290: 7246:Jewish 7204:Crimea 7176:Poland 7171:Norway 7151:Latvia 7141:Greece 7131:France 7048:Poland 6861:Debate 6833:Taipei 6826:Borneo 6404:Tarawa 5598:Europe 5559:Africa 5348:Poland 5334:Norway 5313:Malaya 5292:Latvia 5234:Greece 5220:France 5116:Sweden 5081:Bhutan 4802:Poland 4788:Norway 4760:Mexico 4727:Greece 4713:France 4651:Canada 4632:Brazil 4602:Allies 4548:Serbia 4537:Poland 4310:Poland 4296:Baltic 4089:Europe 3791:Topics 3743:Allied 3598: 3582: 3533: 3507: 3472: 3432: 3401: 3219: 3192: 3138: 3111: 3030: 2998: 2971: 2930: 2890: 2785: 2746: 2680: 2653: 2557:: 2421: 2414: 2407: 2400: 2392: 2120:Arezzo 2016:Tirana 1960:Kosovo 1949:Struga 1896:Kosovo 1884:Allies 1840:Tetovo 1832:Kičevo 1816:Tetovo 1814:, and 1745:Progri 1737:Dardhe 1697:Allies 1517:Greece 1466:Greece 1458:Kosovo 1402:Naples 1398:Tirana 1298:Muslim 1257:Kosovo 1242:Greece 1126:Durrës 1059:German 1005:Tirana 1000:Kosovo 990:Menina 948:Kurtez 938:Përmet 874:Himara 764:~4,000 510: 493: 441: 423: 403: 247: 209: 116:Result 85:Tirana 75:1943, 8999:Index 8952:Other 8871:Radio 8861:Music 8780:Clubs 8483:Women 8288:Ports 8220:OSHEE 7718:Lakes 7146:Italy 6637:Leyte 6467:Narva 6453:Anzio 6411:Makin 6369:Burma 6253:Torch 6222:Rzhev 6183:Kiska 5269:Korea 5255:Japan 5248:Italy 5130:Tibet 5109:Spain 4980:Italy 4741:Italy 4734:India 4658:China 4533:Japan 4133:Italy 4045:China 3997:Women 3630:, DSO 3430:S2CID 3159:(PDF) 2508:(PDF) 2426:JSTOR 2412:books 2164:] 2112:Parma 2102:çetas 2032:Berat 1877:Vlorë 1783:] 1768:Dukat 1733:] 1711:Debar 1659:Berat 1556:Lezhë 1542:] 1379:Korçë 1234:Italy 1210:] 1199:Kukës 1195:Korçë 1141:] 1122:Vlorë 928:Gjorm 212:Italy 8904:list 8899:Flag 8743:Wine 8738:Beer 8733:Raki 8685:Brez 8627:Besa 8210:KESH 8120:Lek 8037:LGBT 7967:Maps 7937:NUTS 7915:SPAK 7815:list 6703:1945 6431:1944 6272:1943 6200:Blue 6190:Attu 6097:1942 5856:1941 5708:1940 5646:1939 5575:Asia 5422:POWs 5262:Jews 4973:Iraq 4899:Axis 4849:Tuva 4665:Cuba 3750:Axis 3596:ISBN 3580:ISBN 3563:and 3531:ISBN 3505:ISBN 3470:ISBN 3399:ISBN 3217:ISBN 3190:ISBN 3136:ISBN 3109:ISBN 3028:ISBN 2996:ISBN 2969:ISBN 2948:link 2928:ISBN 2888:ISBN 2783:ISBN 2744:ISBN 2678:ISBN 2651:ISBN 2518:: 1. 2398:news 2293:Besa 2259:Bari 2193:and 2151:CITM 1964:Tito 1846:and 1838:and 1802:The 1762:1944 1720:and 1688:Tosk 1684:Gheg 1669:and 1602:and 1515:and 1464:and 1367:Tosk 1322:Nazi 1259:and 1197:and 979:1944 973:Pezë 922:1943 917:1942 885:1941 863:1940 852:1939 775:Axis 767:1944 761:1942 156:LANÇ 96:Date 67:and 41:and 8943:.al 8632:Oda 8501:Art 8225:ERE 8215:OST 7887:KPK 7882:ONM 7877:IKP 7872:KPA 3657:Map 3652:Map 3608:MI6 3422:doi 3105:198 2381:by 2227:SOE 1966:'s 1567:to 1484:of 1377:in 1045:or 1029:In 958:Reç 45:of 9032:: 6451:/ 3489:25 3487:. 3428:. 3418:15 3416:. 3250:^ 3161:. 3107:. 3050:. 3010:^ 2944:}} 2940:{{ 2902:^ 2859:. 2848:^ 2832:. 2821:^ 2805:. 2716:^ 2631:67 2595:^ 2578:^ 2562:. 2539:^ 2524:^ 2516:10 2514:. 2510:. 2339:^ 2162:it 2153:, 2122:, 2118:, 2114:, 2110:, 2066:. 1834:, 1781:pl 1779:; 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