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4861:
52:
2062:
912:'s succession was met with dissension in Taiwan, where the leaders made Zheng Miao, Zheng Chenggong's fifth son, the successor. With the support of Xiamen's commanders, Zheng Jing arrived in Taiwan in December 1662 and defeated his political enemies. The political infighting caused some followers to become disillusioned and defect to the Qing. From September 1661 to August 1662, some 290 officers, 4,334 soldiers, and 467 civilians left Zheng Taiwan. Three leading Zheng commanders contacted Qing authorities with the intention to defect but Zheng Jing imprisoned them. The defections continued and by 1663, some 3,985 officials and officers, 40,962 soldiers, 64,230 civilians, and 900 ships in Fujian had defected from Zheng held territory. To combat population decline, Zheng Jing also promoted migration to Taiwan. Between 1665 and 1669 a large number of Fujianese moved to Taiwan under Zheng rule. In a few years, some 9,000 Chinese were brought to Taiwan by Zheng Jing.
726:
expedition was paid for by the
Chinese populace. When peace negotiations failed, the Dutch blamed a group of Chinese at Favorolang. The Favorolangers continued their attacks until 1638. In 1640 an incident involving the capture of a Favorolang leader and the ensuing death of three Dutch hunters near Favorolang resulted in the banning of Chinese hunters from Favorolang territory. The Dutch blamed the Chinese and orders were given to restrict Chinese residency and travel. No Chinese vessel was allowed around Taiwan unless it carried a license. An expedition was ordered to chase away the Chinese from the land and to subjugate the natives to the north. In November 1642, an expedition set out northward, killing 19 natives and 11 Chinese. A policy banning any Chinese from living north of Mattau was implemented. Later the Chinese were allowed to conduct trade in Favorolang with a permit. The Favorolangers were told to capture any Chinese who did not possess a permit.
1257:, the leader of the Tiandihui and a settler from Fujian, led his forces to defeat the Qing troops. Many of the rebel army's troops came from new arrivals from mainland China who could not find land to farm. They joined the Tiandihui for protection. Lin attacked Changhua County, killing 2,000 civilians. In early 1787, 50,000 Qing troops under Li Shiyao from the mainland were sent to put down the rebellion. The two sides fought to a stalemate for six months. Lin tried to enlist the support of the Hakka people but not only did they refuse, they sent their troops to support the Qing. Despite the Tiandihui's ostensibly anti-Qing stance, its members were generally anti-government and were not motivated by ethnic or national interest, resulting in social discord and political chaos. Some civilians aided the Qing against the rebels. In 1788, a fresh force of 10,000 Qing troops led by
1509:
Kuskus. Afterwards, American foreign officers and
Fukushima landed at Checheng and Xinjie. They tried to use Baxian Bay at Qinggangpu as their barracks but heavy rain flooded the site a few days later so the Japanese moved to the southern end of Langqiao Bay on 11 May. They learned that Tanketok had died and invited the Shemali tribe for talks. Japanese scouts fanned out and were met by attacks by aborigines. On 21 May, a 12-member scout party was ambushed and two were wounded. The Japanese camp sent 250 reinforcements and searched the villages. The next day, Samata Sakuma encountered Mudan fighters, around 70 strong, occupying a commanding height. A twenty-men party climbed the cliffs and shot at the Mudan people, forcing them to flee. The Mudan lost 16 men including their tribal leader, Agulu. The Japanese lost seven with 30 injured.
1513:
attacked by Mudan and two or three soldiers were wounded. The
Japanese burnt their villages. The north route attacked the Nünai village. On 3 June, they burnt all the villages that had been occupied. On 1 July, the new leader of the Mudan tribe and the chief of Kuskus admitted defeat and promised not to harm shipwrecked castaways. Surrendered aborigines were given Japanese flags to fly over their villages. They were viewed as a symbol of peace with Japan and protection from rival tribes by the aborigines. To the Japanese, it was a symbol of jurisdiction over the aborigines. Chinese forces arrived on 17 June and a report by Fujian Administration Commissioner reported that all 56 representatives of the tribes except for Mudan, Zhongshe and Linai, who were not present due to fleeing from the Japanese, complained about Japanese bullying.
1574:
impose a complete blockade on Taiwan and only concentrated on the major ports, leaving smaller
Chinese vessels to enter lesser ports with troops and supplies. The first Chinese relief effort, a fleet of five ships, was repelled by the French with two ships sunk. On 21 December 1884, five battalions in southern China were ordered to reinforce Taiwan. French ships around mainland China's coast attacked any junk they could find and captured its occupants to be shipped to Keelung for constructing defensive works. However, the blockade failed to stop Chinese junks from reaching Taiwan. For every junk the French captured, another five junks arrived with supplies at Takau and Anping. The immediate effect of the blockade was a sharp decline in legal trade and income.
803:. Most of the Dutch were able to find refuge but others were captured and executed. Over the next two days, natives and Dutch killed around 500 Chinese. On 11 September, four or five thousand Chinese rebels clashed with the company soldiers and their native allies. The rebels fled; some 4,000 Chinese were killed. The rebellion and its ensuing massacre destroyed the rural labor force. Although the crops survived almost unscathed, there was a below average harvest for 1653. However, thousands of Chinese migrated to Taiwan due to war on the mainland and a modest recovery of agriculture occurred. Anti-Chinese measures increased. Natives were reminded to watch the Chinese and not to engage with them. However, in terms of military preparations, little was done.
1617:
roughly 90,000 aborigines, had formally submitted to Qing rule. This number increased to 800 villages with 148,479 aborigines over the following years. However, the cost of getting them to submit was exorbitant. The Qing offered them materials and paid village chiefs monthly allowances. Not all the aborigines were under effective control and land reclamation in eastern Taiwan occurred at a slow pace. From 1884 to 1891, Liu launched more than 40 military campaigns against the aborigines with 17,500 soldiers. The eastward expansion ended after the defeat of the
Mkgogan and Msbtunux due to the fierceness of their resistance. A third of the invasion force was killed or disabled in the conflict, amounting to a costly failure.
2038:. As the war turned against Japan in 1943, Taiwan suffered due to Allied submarine attacks on Japanese shipping, and the Japanese administration prepared to be cut off from Japan. In the latter part of 1944, Taiwan's industries, ports, and military facilities were bombed in U.S. air raids. By the end of the war in 1945, industrial and agricultural output had dropped far below prewar levels, with agricultural output 49% of 1937 levels and industrial output down by 33%. Coal production dropped from 200,000 metric tons to 15,000 metric tons. An estimated 16,000–30,000 civilians died from the bombing. By 1945, Taiwan was isolated from Japan and its government prepared to defend against an expected invasion.
1409:
obligation of the law of nations, which is to seize the territory of a "wild race" and to confer upon it the benefits of civilization. Since China failed to prevent the aborigines from killing subjects or citizens of civilized countries, "we see the rights of the
Emperor of China over aboriginal Formosa, such as we have said, are not absolute, as long as she remains uncivilized..." Le Gendre later moved to Japan and worked with the Japanese government as a foreign advisor on their China policy, including the development of the concept of the "East Asian crescent". According to the "East Asian crescent" concept, Japan should control Korea, Taiwan, and Ryukyu to affirm its position in East Asia.
846:. The Qing deployed a large army to the area and Chenggong decided to ferry his army along the coast, but a storm hindered his movements. The Qing launched a surprise attack on Xiamen, forcing him to return to protect it. From 1656 to 1658 he planned to take Nanjing. Chenggong encircled Nanjing on 24 August 1659. Qing reinforcements arrived and broke Chenggong's army, forcing them to retreat to Xiamen. In 1660 the Qing embarked on a coastal evacuation policy to starve Chenggong of his source of livelihood. Some of the rebels during the Guo Huaiyi rebellion had expected aid from Chenggong and some company officials believed that the rebellion had been incited by him.
1297:
Saichong'a the establishment of administration and land surveys in
Gamalan. Saichong'a initially refused but then changed his mind and sent a memorial to the emperor in 1808 recommending the incorporation of Gamalan. The issue was discussed by the central government officials and for the first time, one official went on record saying that if aboriginal territory was incorporated, not only would it end the pirate threat but the government would stand to profit from the land itself. In 1809, the emperor ordered for Gamalan to be incorporated. The next year an imperial decree for the formal incorporation of Gamalan was issued and a Gamalan sub-prefect was appointed.
1843:
2093:
unpaid military salary as a result of inflation according to the organization's calculations. The
Japanese government refused to take into account the calculations and refused to pay the wartime debts. Nor did they offer an annual allowance like that paid to Japanese soldiers. According to one Taiwanese ex-Japanese soldier, Chen Junqing, he was very shocked by his trip to Japan in 1973. He had believed he would be warmly welcomed as a soldier who fought for the emperor. One Taiwanese ex-Japanese soldier, Teng Sheng, had difficulty obtaining his injury record from the Japanese and even afterward he was still refused compensation for his injuries.
1468:
4684:
1653:
1160:
1086:
1040:
1172:
4700:
4681:
812:
255:
1019:, Liu Jingzhong, defected to Zheng. After Geng and other rebels surrendered to the Qing in 1676 and 1677, the tide turned against the Zheng forces. Quanzhou was lost to the Qing on 12 March 1677 and then Zhangzhou and Haicheng on 5 April. Zheng forces counterattacked and retook Haicheng in August. Zheng naval forces blockaded Quanzhou and tried to retake the city in August 1678, but they were forced to retreat in October when Qing reinforcements arrived. Zheng forces suffered heavy casualties in a battle in January 1679.
722:
Liuqiu Island. The Dutch and their allies chased about 300 inhabitants into caves, sealed the entrances, and killed them with poisonous fumes. The native population of 1100 was removed from the island. They were enslaved with the men sent to
Batavia while the women and children became servants and wives for the Dutch officers. The Dutch planned to depopulate the outlying islands. The villages of Taccariang, Soulang, and Tevorang were also pacified. In 1642, the Dutch massacred the people of Liuqiu island again.
1232:). Zhu was known among locals for his generous conduct and persistent fight against immoral conduct. In 1720, there was an upset among merchants, fishermen, and farmers in Taiwan due to increased taxation. They gathered around Zhu, who shared the same surname with the Ming dynasty's royal family, and supported him in mobilizing discontent Chinese into an anti-Qing rebellion. Zhu was declared the Ming Emperor and efforts were made to imitate Ming style clothing with performance costumes.
1370:
4646:
1131:
by 200 Zheng ships. Following an exchange of gunfire, the Qing were forced to retreat with two Zheng naval commanders, Qiu Hui and Jiang Sheng, in pursuit. The Qing vanguard led by
Admiral Lan Li provided cover fire for a withdrawal. Shi was hit in the right eye and Lan was wounded in the stomach during the fighting. The Zheng side also suffered heavy losses, making Liu reluctant to pursue the disarrayed Qing forces. He reported a "great victory" back to Taiwan.
1526:
1777:, was arrested and executed along with two hundred of his comrades in 1913. Japanese reprisals were often more brutal than the guerilla attacks staged by the rebels. In June 1896, 6,000 Taiwanese were slaughtered in the Yunlin Massacre. From 1898 to 1902, some 12,000 "bandit-rebels" were killed in addition to the 6,000–14,000 killed in the initial resistance war of 1895. During the conflict, 5,300 Japanese were killed or wounded, and 27,000 were hospitalized.
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1145:. The Zheng garrison fired at the Qing ships and then set sail from the harbor with about 100 ships to meet the Qing forces. Shi concentrated fire on one big enemy ship at a time until all of Zheng's battle ships were sunk by the end of 17 July. Liu escaped to Taiwan with dozens of small vessels. Approximately 12,000 Zheng men perished. The garrison commanders surrendered after hearing of Liu's escape. The Qing captured Penghu on 18 July.
8025:
1517:
Toshimichi Okubo arrived in Beijing on 10 September and seven negotiating sessions occurred over a month-long period. The Western powers pressured China not to cause bloodshed with Japan as it would negatively impact the coastal trade. The resulting Peking Agreement was signed on 30 October. Japan gained the recognition of Ryukyu as its vassal and an indemnity payment of 500,000 taels. Japanese troops withdrew from Taiwan on 3 December.
979:
1405:
led 500 Qing troops to southern Taiwan with Le Gendre. The remains were recovered. The aboriginal chief, Tanketok (Toketok), explained that a long time ago the white men came and almost exterminated the Koaluts tribe and their ancestors passed down their desire for revenge. They came to an oral agreement that the mountain aborigines would not kill any more castaways, would care for them and hand them over to the Chinese at Langqiao.
1672:
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4849:
1476:
701:
1434:
Valjeluk Mavalu, the water was a symbol of protection and friendship. The deposition claims they were robbed by their Kuskus hosts during the night. In the morning they were ordered to stay put while hunters left to search for game to provide a feast. Alarmed by the armed men and rumors of head hunting, the Ryukyuans departed while the hunting party was away. They found shelter in the home of a 73 year old
927:) policy. After Zheng forces retreated completely from the coast of Fujian in 1669, the Qing started relaxing restrictions on maritime trade. Due to the sea ban policy, which saw the relocation of all southern coastal towns and ports that had been subject to Zheng raids, migration occurred from these areas to Taiwan. About 1,000 previous Ming government officials moved to Taiwan fleeing Qing persecution.
1835:
1487:, a general of the Imperial Japanese Army, urged the Japanese government to invade Taiwan's tribal areas. The Foreign Minister Sakimitsu Yanagihara believed that the perpetrators of the Mudan incident were "all Taiwan savages beyond Chinese education and law." Japan justified sending an expedition to Taiwan through linguistic interpretation of "化外之民" to mean not part of China. Chinese diplomat
1979:, the government tried to assimilate them as loyal subjects. According to a 1933-year book, wounded people in the war against the indigenous numbered around 4,160, with 4,422 civilians dead and 2,660 military personnel killed. According to a 1935 report, 7,081 Japanese were killed in the armed struggle from 1896 to 1933 while the Japanese confiscated 29,772 Aboriginal guns by 1933.
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fight the British and Americans but became disillusioned after being sent to China and tried to defect, although the effort was fruitless. Racial discrimination was commonplace despite rare occasions of camaraderie. Some experienced greater equality during their time in the military. One Taiwanese serviceman recalled being called "chankoro" (Qing slave) by a Japanese soldier.
4778:
1293:
Fujian governor, but the governor refused to act due to fear of conflict. In 1797, a new Tamsui sub-prefect issued permit and financial support for Wu to recruit settlers for land reclamation, which was illegal. Wu's successors were unable to register the reclaimed land on government registers. Local officials supported land reclamation but could not officially recognize it.
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943:
court until 7 January 1663 and it took another four months for a reply. The Kangxi Emperor granted the Dutch permission to set up inland trading posts but declined the proposal for a joint expedition. The Dutch did, however, assist the Qing in naval combat against the Zheng fleet in October 1663, resulting in the capture of Zheng bases in Xiamen and
1071:
failed attempt was made in June when they were met with a violent storm, sinking a few small ships, and damaging the masts of several other ships. Shi's flagship was blown to the coast of Guangdong on 30 June. In 1666, the Qing called off the expedition. Shi Lang was removed from office in 1667 during negotiations between the Qing and Zheng Taiwan.
1492:
the Ryukyu Islands, disclaimed any jurisdiction over Aboriginal Taiwanese, and had indeed consented to Japan's expedition to Taiwan. In the eyes of Japan and the foreign advisor Le Gendre, the aborigines were "savages" who had no sovereign or international status, and therefore their territory was "terra nullius", free to be seized for Japan.
4775:
569:) in Taiwan on 3 November 1574 and used it as a base to launch raids. They left for Penghu after being attacked by natives and the Ming navy dislodged them from their bases. He later returned to Wankan on 27 December 1575 but left for Southeast Asia after losing a naval encounter with Ming forces on 15 January 1576. The pirate
1808:
Tongmenghui. He planned to organize a rebellion against the Japanese with 500 fighters, resulting in the execution of more than 1,000 Taiwanese by Japanese police. Luo was killed on 3 March 1914. In 1915, Yu Qingfang organized a religious group that openly challenged Japanese authority. Indigenous and Han forces led by
1217:
years of Qing rule. Most of the rebellions, of which there were more than 100 during the Qing period, were caused by Han settlers. The idom, "Every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion" (三年一反、五年一亂), was used primarily to describe commotions that occurred during the 30-year period between 1820 and 1850.
4794:
1115:. Political turmoil, heavy taxes, an epidemic in the north, a large fire that caused the destruction of more than a thousand houses, and suspicion of collusion with the Qing caused more Zheng followers to defect to the Qing. Zheng's deputy Commander Liu Bingzhong surrendered with his ships and men from Penghu.
1683:
in 1895 and partisan attacks continued until 1902. For the first two years the colonial authority relied mainly on military force and local pacification efforts. Disorder and panic were prevalent in Taiwan after Penghu was seized by Japan in March 1895. On 20 May, Qing officials were ordered to leave
1616:
A Taiwan Pacification and Reclamation Head Office was established with eight pacification and reclamation bureaus. Four bureaus were located in eastern Taiwan, two in Puli (inner Shuishalian), one in the north, and one on the western border of the mountains. By 1887, about 500 aboriginal villages, or
1516:
A Chinese representative, Pan Wei, met with Saigō four times between 22 and 26 June but nothing came of it. The Japanese settled in and established large camps with no intention of withdrawing, but in August and September 600 soldiers fell ill. They started dying 15 a day. The death toll rose to 561.
1442:
It is uncertain what caused the Paiwanese to murder the Ryukyuans. Some say the Ryukyuans did not understand Paiwanese guest etiquette, they ate and ran, or that their captors could not find ransom and therefore killed them. According to Lianes Punanang, a Mudan local, 66 men who could not understand
1404:
Le Gendre, the US Consul, blamed the Qing dynasty for the failure and demanded that they send troops to help him negotiate with the aborigines. He also hoped that the Qing would permanently station troops to prevent further killings by the aborigines. On 10 September, Garrison Commander Liu Mingcheng
1296:
In 1806 it was reported that a pirate, Cai Qian, was within the vicinity of Gamalan. Taiwan Prefect Yang once again recommended opening up Gamalan, arguing that to abandon it would cause trouble on the frontier. Later another pirate band tried to occupy Gamalan. Yang recommended to the Fuzhou General
1130:
Shi's fleet of 238 ships and over 21,000 men set sail on 8 July 1683. Liu Guoxuan, the commander of 30,000 men at Penghu, considered the movement a false alarm and believed Shi would turn back. The next day, Shi's fleet was sighted at small islands to the northwest of Penghu. The Qing forces were met
1122:
to invade Taiwan reached Yao Qisheng and Shi Lang on 6 June 1682. The invasion fleet was met with unfavorable winds and was forced to turn back. Yao proposed a five-month postponement of the invasion to wait for favorable winds in November. Conflict between Yao and Shi led to Yao's removal from power
2244:
saw a resurgence due to the threat from China. As of 2022, the Taiwanese civil defense units had 420,000 registered volunteers. In 2023, training shifted to more of a wartime focus with 70% of exercises dedicated to wartime scenarios and 30% of exercises dedicated to natural disaster scenarios, from
1975:. The armed conflict ended in December when the Seediq leaders committed suicide. According to Japanese colonial records, 564 Seediq warriors surrendered and 644 were killed or committed suicide. The incident caused the government to take a more conciliatory stance towards the indigenous, and during
1499:
prepared for its mission. The magistrate of the Taiwan Circuit learned of the impending Japanese invasion from a Hong Kong newspaper quoting a Japanese news item and reported it to Fujian authorities. Qing officials were taken by complete surprise due to the seemingly cordial relations with Japan at
1491:
rejected the claim that the murder of Ryukyuans had anything to do with Japan once he learned of Japan's aspirations. However, after communications between the Qing and Yanagihara, the Japanese took their explanation to mean that the Qing government had not opposed Japan's claims to sovereignty over
1450:
The Mudan incident did not immediately cause any concern in Japan. A few officials knew of it by mid-1872 but it was not until April 1874 that it became an international concern. The repatriation procedure in 1872 was by the books and had been a regular affair for several centuries. From the 17th to
1236:
leader Lin Junying from the south also joined the rebellion. In March 1720, Zhu and Lin attacked the Qing garrison at Taiwan County and defeated them in April. In less than two weeks, the rebels had defeated Qing forces in all of Taiwan. The Hakka troops left Zhu to follow Lin north. The Qing sent a
2092:
Only after a petition in 1987 was a decision made to offer 2 million yen to former Taiwanese soldiers who had suffered severe injury in battle and to the families of those who died. The 2 million yen per claim, a minute fraction of that paid to Japanese soldiers, amounted to very little of the
2084:
After Japan's surrender, the Taiwanese ex-Japanese soldiers were abandoned by Japan and no transportation back to Taiwan or Japan was provided. Many of them faced difficulties in mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan due to anti-rightist and anti-communist campaigns in addition to accusations of taking
1878:
and attracted more Bunun rebels to their cause. Raho Ari and his followers captured bullets and guns and slew Japanese in repeated hit and run raids against Japanese police stations by infiltrating over the Japanese "guardline" of electrified fences and police stations as they pleased. As a result,
1873:
was sparked when the Japanese implemented a gun control policy in 1914 against the indigenous peoples in which their rifles were impounded in police stations when hunting expeditions were over. The revolt began at Taifun when a police platoon was slaughtered by Raho Ari's clan in 1915. A settlement
1637:
in 1895, but failed to win international recognition. The Japanese spent the next twenty years fighting rebellions in Taiwan while encouraging Japanese colonists to settle there. However, due to lack of infrastructure and fear of disease such as leprosy and malaria, few moved to Taiwan in the early
1512:
The Japanese army split into three forces and headed in different directions, the south, north, and central routes. The south route army was ambushed by the Kuskus tribe and lost three soldiers. A counterattack defeated the Kuskus fighter and the Japanese burnt their villages. The central route was
1292:
aborigines. In 1787, a Chinese settler named Wu Sha tried to reclaim land in Gamalan but was defeated by aborigines. The next year, the Tamsui sub-prefect convinced the Taiwan prefect, Yang Tingli, to support Wu Sha. Yang recommended subjugating the natives and opening Gamalan for settlement to the
1216:
acculturated aborigine villages never rebelled and over 200 non-acculturated aboriginal villages submitted. In fact, during the 200 years of Qing rule in Taiwan, the plains aborigines rarely rebelled against the government and the mountain aborigines were left to their own devices until the last 20
1138:. On 16 July, a reinforcement of large ships arrived. Shi divided the main striking force into eight squadrons of seven ships with himself leading from the middle. Two flotillas of 50 small ships sailed in two different directions as a diversion. The remaining vessels served as rear reinforcements.
1070:
Shi proposed to the Qing court an invasion of Penghu and Taiwan. In November 1664, Shi's fleet set sail but was turned back by a storm. He tried again in May 1665 but there was too little wind to move the ships and then a few days later the winds reversed direction and forced him to return. Another
1022:
On 6 March 1680, the Qing fleet led by Admiral Wan Zhengse moved against Zheng naval forces near Quanzhou and defeated them on 20 March with assistance from land-based artillery. The sudden retreat of Zheng naval forces caused widespread panic on land and many Zheng commanders and soldiers defected
950:
Qing-Dutch forces attempted to invade Taiwan twice in December 1664. On both occasions Admiral Shi Lang turned back his ships due to adverse weather. Shi Lang tried to attack Taiwan again in 1666 but turned back due to a storm. The Dutch continued to attack Zheng ships from time to time, disrupting
942:
urged the Qing court to take Xiamen, and made plans for an attack in October. The Dutch too had attacked Zheng ships in Xiamen but failed to take the town. In August the Dutch contacted Qing authorities in Fujian to propose a joint expedition against Zheng Taiwan. The message did not reach the Qing
1807:
of 1915. The Beipu uprising occurred on 14 November 1907 when a group of Hakka insurgents killed 57 Japanese officers and members of their family. In the following reprisal, 100 Hakka men and boys were killed in the village of Neidaping. Luo Fuxing was an overseas Taiwanese Hakka involved with the
1309:
decided it no longer wanted to trade with the Chinese on their terms and planned more aggressive measures. A Prussian missionary and linguist, Karl F.A. Gutzlaff, was sent to explore Taiwan. He published his experiences in Taiwan in 1833 confirming its rich resources and trade potential. Given the
1066:
on 19 September, but the Qing court decided to postpone the assault until Dutch naval reinforcements arrived. From 18 to 20 November, the Dutch fought sea battles against the Zheng while Shi took Xiamen. In 1664, Shi assembled a fleet of 240 ships, and in conjunction with 16,500 troops, chased the
963:
signed a trade agreement with Zheng Taiwan. However, trade with the British was limited because of the Zheng monopoly on sugar cane and deer hide as well as the inability of the British to match the price of East Asian goods for resale. Zheng trade was subject to the Qing sea ban policy throughout
1744:
but escaped to the mainland as well as Japanese forces closed in. Between 200,000 and 300,000 people fled Taiwan in 1895. Chinese residents in Taiwan were given the option of selling their property and leaving by May 1897, or become Japanese citizens. From 1895 to 1897, an estimated 6,400 people,
1573:
The French imposed a blockade on Taiwan from 23 October 1884 until April 1885, but the execution was not completely effective. Foreign vessels were barred from docking in blockaded harbors. Some believed that the blockade was almost directed at the British. The French did not have enough ships to
1438:
trading-post serviceman, Deng Tianbao. The Paiwanese men found the Ryukyuans and dragged them out, slaughtering them, while others died in a fight or were caught trying to escape. Nine Ryukyuans hid in Deng's home. They moved to another Hakka settlement Poliac (Baoli) where they found refuge with
1425:
when they were blown off course on 12 December. Two ships were pushed towards Taiwan. One of them landed on Taiwan's western coast and made it back home with the help of Qing officials. The other one crashed into the eastern coast of southern Taiwan near Bayao Bay. There were 69 passengers and 66
721:
In 1635, 475 soldiers from Batavia arrived in Taiwan. By this point even Sinkan was on bad terms with the Dutch. Soldiers were sent into the village and arrested those who plotted rebellion. In the winter of 1635 the Dutch defeated Mattau and Baccluan. In 1636, a large expedition was sent against
712:
for Dutch and Chinese merchants. Initially the other villages maintained peace with the Dutch. In 1625, the Dutch attacked 170 Chinese pirates in Wankan but were driven off. Encouraged by the Dutch failure, Mattau warriors raided Sinkan. The Dutch returned and drove off the pirates. The people of
2080:
Some Taiwanese ex-Japanese soldiers claim they were coerced and did not choose to join the army. Accounts range from having no way to refuse recruitment, to being incentivized by the salary, to patriotism for Japan. In one account, a man named Chen Chunqing said he was motivated by his desire to
1853:
Indigenous resistance to the heavy-handed Japanese policies of acculturation and pacification lasted up until the early 1930s. By 1903, indigenous rebellions had resulted in the deaths of 1,900 Japanese in 1,132 incidents. In 1911 a large military force invaded Taiwan's mountainous areas to gain
1569:
failed. The port of Tamsui had been filled with debris by the Chinese and the French were unable to sustain a landing. The French shelled Tamsui, destroying not only the forts but also foreign buildings. Some 800 French troops landed on Shalin beach near Tamsui, but they were repelled by Chinese
1126:
On 18 November 1682, Shi Lang was authorized to assume the role of supreme commander while Yao was relegated to logistical matters. Supplies arrived for Shi's 21,000 troops, 70 large warships, 103 supply ships, and 65 double mast vessels in early December. Spy ships were sent to scout Penghu and
725:
In 1636, Favorolang, the largest aboriginal village north of Mattau, killed three Chinese and wounded several others. From August to November, Favrolangers appeared near Fort Zeelandia and captured a Chinese fishing vessel. The next year the Dutch and their native allies defeated Favorolang. The
1508:
On 3 May 1874, Kusei Fukushima delivered a note to Fujian-Zhejiang Governor Li Henian announcing that they were heading to savage territory to punish the culprits. On 7 May, a Chinese translator, Zhan Hansheng, was sent ashore to establish peaceful relations with tribes other than the Mudan and
1433:
According to the survivors, the Chinese robbed them and they decided to part ways. On 18 December they headed westward and encountered aboriginal men, presumably Paiwanese. They followed the Paiwanese to a small settlement, Kuskus, where they were given food and water. According to Kuskus local
351:
settlers increased and crossed into indigenous territory across the western Taiwanese plain, leading to conflicts with indigenous peoples in central and northeastern Taiwan. Most rebellions during the Qing period occurred due to Han discontent while the indigenous people were left to their own
1601:, the Fujian governor and Taiwan defense commissioner. Administering Taiwan became his sole focus in 1885 and the administration of Fujian was left to the governor-general. Another prefecture, Taiwan Prefecture, was created in the western plains, while the former Taiwan Prefecture was renamed
1314:
pointing out "China’s benign rule over Taiwan and the strategic and commercial importance of the island." He suggested that Taiwan could be occupied with only a warship and less than 1,500 troops, and the English would be able to spread Christianity among the natives as well as develop trade.
717:
visited Sinkan with 60 musketeers. After Nuyts left, the musketeers were killed in an ambush by Mattau and Soulang warriors. On 23 November 1629, an expedition set out and burned most of Baccluan, killing many of its people, who the Dutch believed harbored proponents of the previous massacre.
499:, landed on Penghu and plundered fields planted by Chinese migrants. The Song dynasty sent soldiers after them, and from that time on Song patrols regularly visited Penghu in the spring and summer. A local official, Wang Dayou, stationed troops there to prevent depredations from the Bisheye.
1408:
Le Gendre visited the tribe again in February 1869 and signed an agreement with them in English. It was later discovered that Tanketok did not have absolute control over the tribes and some of them paid him no heed. Le Gendre castigated China as a semi-civilized power for not fulfilling the
1825:
announced that they would pardon any anti-Japanese militants and that those who had fled into the mountains should return to their village. Once they returned, the villagers were told to line up in a field, dig holes, and were then executed by firearm. According to oral tradition, at least
1443:
the local languages entered Kuskus and began taking food and drink, disregarding village boundaries. Efforts to aid the strangers with food and drink strained Kuskus resources. They were finally killed for their misdeeds. The shipwreck and murder of the sailors came to be known as the
1200:
In 1723, aborigines living in Dajiaxi village along the central coastal plain rebelled. Government troops from southern Taiwan were sent to put down this revolt, but in their absence, Han settlers in Fengshan County rose up in revolt under the leadership of Wu Fusheng, a settler from
1397:, a British steamer, tried to help and landed near the shipwreck on 26 March. The aborigines fired muskets and shot arrows at them, forcing them to retreat. The American Asiatic Fleet's Admiral Bell also landed at the Bi Mountains where they got lost, suffered heatstroke, and then
1067:
remaining Zheng forces south. They failed to dislodge the last Zheng stronghold due to the departure of the Dutch fleet. However, after the defection of Zheng commander Zhou Quanbin, Zheng Jing decided to pull out from the remaining mainland stronghold in the spring of 1664.
1287:
in northeastern Taiwan. It was separated from the western plains and Tamsui (Danshui) by mountains. There were 36 aboriginal villages in the area and the Kavalan people had started paying taxes as early as the Kangxi period (r. 1661–1722), but they were non-acculturated
1970:
attacked policed stations and the Musha Public School. Approximately 350 students, 134 Japanese, and 2 Han Chinese dressed in Japanese garbs were killed in the attack. The uprising was crushed by 2,000–3,000 Japanese troops and indigenous auxiliaries with the help of
1347:
also shipwrecked in March 1842 and another 54 survivors were taken.The Taiwan Qing commanders, Dahonga and Yao Ying, filed a disingenuous report to the emperor, claiming to have defended against an attack from the Keelung fort. Most of the survivors—over 130 from the
1002:
on the mainland and recaptured Xiamen and used it as a trading center to fund his efforts to retake mainland China. He imported swords, gun barrels, knives, armours, lead and saltpeter, and other components for gunpowder. Zheng made an alliance with the rebel lord
2077:. From 1937 to 1945, over 207,000 Taiwanese were employed by the Japanese military. Roughly 50,000 went missing in action or died, another 2,000 were disabled, 21 were executed for war crimes, and 147 were sentenced to imprisonment for two or three years.
691:
Dutch ships wrecked at Liuqiu in 1624 and 1631; their crews were killed by the inhabitants. In 1633, an expedition consisting of 250 Dutch soldiers, 40 Chinese pirates, and 250 Taiwanese natives were sent against Liuqiu Island but met with little success.
3630:[The rumor of "every three years a small uprising, five years a large rebellion" circulated around Taiwan. According to research, the repeated commotions described by this idiom occurred primarily during the 30-year period between 1820 and 1850.]
1577:
In late January 1885, Chinese forces suffered a serious defeat around Keelung. Although the French captured Keelung they were unable to move beyond its perimeters. In March the French tried to take Tamsui again and failed. At sea, the French bombarded
756:
or destroyed their residences, promising to pay for the damages. According to historian Jose Eugenio Borao Mateo, the Spanish colonists did not ask for tribute from the aboriginal inhabitants, "because in practice they did not consider the natives as
1061:
The Qing established a naval force in Fujian in 1662 and appointed Shi Lang as the commander. On 15 May 1663, Shi attacked the Zheng fleet and succeeded in capturing 24 Zheng officers, 5 ships, and killing over 200 enemies. Shi planned to attack
1504:
led the main force, 3,600 strong, aboard four warships in Nagasaki headed to Tainan. On 6 June, the Japanese emperor issued a certificate condemning the Taiwan "savages" for killing our "nationals", the Ryukyuans killed in southeastern Taiwan.
1748:
Upon Tainan's surrender, Kabayama declared Taiwan pacified; however, his proclamation was premature. In December, a series of anti-Japanese uprisings occurred in northern Taiwan, and would continue to occur at a rate of roughly one per month.
1739:
to Keelung to invite the advancing Japanese forces to proceed to Taipei and restore order. The Republic, established on 25 May, disappeared 12 days later when its leaders left for the mainland. Liu Yongfu formed a temporary government in
1253:(Heaven and Earth society) secret society were arrested for failing to make tax payments. The Tiandihui broke into the jail, killed the guards, and rescued their members. When Qing troops were sent into the village and tried to arrest
1954:
occurred and Bunun carried out raids, after which armed conflict again died down. The 1930 "New Flora and Silva, Volume 2" said of the mountain indigenous that "the majority of them live in a state of war against Japanese authority".
1360:
in August 1842. The false report was later discovered and the officials in Taiwan punished. The British wanted them executed but they were only given different postings on the mainland, which the British were not aware of until 1845.
1723:; however, he still professed to be a Qing loyalist. The declaration of a republic was, according to Tang, to delay the Japanese so that Western powers might be compelled to defend Taiwan. The plan quickly turned to chaos as the
6716:
1812:
and Yu stormed multiple Japanese police stations. In what is known as the Tapani incident, 1,413 members of Yu's religious group were captured. Yu and 200 of his followers were executed. After the Tapani rebels were defeated,
2073:, initially in noncombatant positions. Taiwanese people were not recruited for combat until late in the war. In 1942, the Special Volunteer System was implemented, allowing even aborigines to be recruited as part of the
1557:'s harbor and destroyed the gun placements. The next day, the French attempted to take Keelung but failed to defeat the larger Chinese force led by Liu Mingchuan and were forced to withdraw to their ships. On 1 October,
1934:) in which more than 1,400 local people died or were killed by the Japanese government. Twenty-two years later, the Taivoan people struggled to carry on another rebellion; since most of the indigenous people were from
391:, although not in combat positions until in the late stages of the war. Some 207,000 Taiwanese served in the Imperial Japanese military and 50,000 Taiwanese Imperial Japanese Servicemen went missing in action or died.
2128:, calling for Japan's surrender. Under the terms, Japan was to be reduced to her pre-1894 territory and stripped of her pre-war empire including Korea and Taiwan, as well as all her recent conquests. On 15 August,
1757:
villagers broke out in the south. A series of prolonged partisan attacks, led by "local bandits" or "rebels", lasted throughout the next seven years. After 1897, uprisings by Chinese nationalists were commonplace.
6726:
1384:
at the southern tip of Taiwan. The vessel sank but the captain, his wife, and some men escaped on two boats. One boat landed at a small bay near the Bi Mountains inhabited by the Koaluts (Guizaijiao) tribe of the
1439:
Deng's son-in-law, Yang Youwang. Yang arranged for the ransom of three men and sheltered the survivors for 40 days before sending them to Taiwan Prefecture (modern Tainan). The Ryukuans headed home in July 1872.
1342:
survivors, but after Captain Joseph Pearse found out that they were sent south for imprisonment, he ordered the bombardment of the harbour and destroyed 27 sets of cannons before returning to Hong Kong. The brig
1792:, and nascent Taiwanese self-determination. Support for resistance was partly class-based and many of the wealthy Han people in Taiwan preferred the order of colonial rule to the lawlessness of insurrection.
2183:
showed a consensus among the states present at the San Francisco Peace Conference that this status would be resolved at a later time in accordance with the principles of peaceful settlement of disputes and
861:
with a fleet carrying around 25,000 soldiers and sailors. The fleet arrived at Tayouan on 2 April. Zheng's forces routed 240 Dutch soldiers at Baxemboy Island in the Bay of Taiwan and landed at the bay of
6685:
1326:
became shipwrecked near Keelung Harbour due to a typhoon. The captain and a handful of English officers escaped safely; however, most of the crew, including 29 Europeans, 5 Filipinos, and 240 Indian
565:
in southwestern Taiwan. He left the next year to ravage the mainland and stayed active in the region until 1578 when he left for Southeast Asia. Lin Feng moved his pirate forces to Wankan (in modern
1862:
resisted the hardest against colonization. The Bunun and Atayal were described as the "most ferocious" indigenous peoples, and police stations were targeted by indigenous in intermittent assaults.
1633:. The loss of Taiwan would become a rallying point for the Chinese nationalist movement in the years that followed. The pro-Qing officials and elements of the local gentry declared an independent
2089:. In Japan they were faced with ambivalence. An organization of Taiwanese ex-Japanese soldiers tried to get the Japanese government to pay their unpaid wages several decades later. They failed.
866:. Three Dutch ships attacked the Chinese junks and destroyed several until their main warship exploded. The remaining ships were unable to keep Zheng from controlling the waters around Taiwan.
6721:
1585:
An agreement was reached on 15 April 1885 and an end to hostilities was announced. The French evacuation from Keelung was completed on 21 June 1885 and Penghu remained under Chinese control.
5899:
The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : History, people, resources, and commercial prospects : Tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions
530:
in 1292 to demand its loyalty to the Yuan dynasty, but the officials ended up in Taiwan and mistook it for Ryukyu. After three soldiers were killed, the delegation immediately retreated to
1389:. The Koaluts aborigines captured them and mistook the captain's wife for a man. They killed her. The captain, two white men, and the Chinese sailors save for one who managed to escape to
2011:
1582:
on 28 March. Penghu surrendered on 31 March but many of the French soon grew ill and 1,100 soldiers and later 600 more were debilitated. The French commander died from illness in Penghu.
51:
1879:
head hunting and assaults on police stations by indigenous still continued after that year. In one of Taiwan's southern towns nearly 5,000 to 6,000 were slaughtered by Japanese in 1915.
947:
in November. The Zheng admiral Zhou Quanbin surrendered on 20 November. The remaining Zheng forces fled southward and completely evacuated from the mainland coast in the spring of 1664.
6690:
6635:
6555:
7116:
6535:
6515:
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6610:
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and ousted the Dutch in 1661. The Dutch held out in northern Taiwan until 1668 when they left due to indigenous resistance. Koxinga's dynasty ruled southwestern Taiwan as the
4041:"| of Civilization and Savages: The Mimetic Imperialism of Japan's 1874 Expedition to Taiwan | the American Historical Review, 107.2 | the History Cooperative"
2330:
was moved from inside the hall to an adjacent location in order to end a practice seen as contributing to a worship of authoritarianism and perpetuating of Chiang Kai-shek's
6430:
1950:). Between 1921 and 1929 indigenous raids died down, but a major revival and surge in indigenous armed resistance erupted from 1930 to 1933 for four years during which the
4999:
6530:
6445:
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2061:
6736:
6655:
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The Dutch allied with Sinkan, a small village that provided them with firewood, venison and fish. In 1625, they bought land from the Sinkanders and built the town of
371:
in 1895. There was brief military resistance from Qing forces in Taiwan before retreating, after which decades of Japanese military suppression followed. During the
2006:
in 1937, it expanded Taiwan's industrial capacity to manufacture war material. By 1939, industrial production had exceeded agricultural production in Taiwan. The
2343:
783:. The Spanish positions were well-defended, and Dutch forces were not able to breach the walls of Fort San Salvador. In the following year, the Dutch launched a
308:
during the 16th century. From 1624 to 1662, Taiwan was the base of Dutch and Spanish colonies. The era of European colonization ended when a Ming general named
7182:
583:
pirates. The pirates were defeated and they met a native chieftain who presented them with gifts. Chen recorded these events in an account of Taiwan known as
1704:
4665:
4608:
1891:
1735:
took to looting and pillaging Taiwan. Given the choice between chaos at the hands of bandits or submission to the Japanese, Taipei's gentry elite sent
857:
in Taiwan in the hope of establishing a strategic base to marshal his troops to retake his base at Amoy. On 23 March 1661, Zheng's fleet set sail from
5794:
5196:
4368:
1609:
Department (eastern Taiwan department) was created, and in the subsequent years, three new subprefectures were added. In 1887, Taiwan became its own
1058:
in 1621, he was a soldier in the service of Zheng Zhilong until he had a falling out with Zheng Chenggong, resulting in Shi's defection to the Qing.
4040:
2292:, according to the head of the program Huang Shu-kuang, was to fend off any attempt from China to encircle Taiwan for an invasion or impose a naval
3549:
2682:
1039:
6265:
Wills, John E. Jr. (2007). "The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime". In Rubinstein, Murray A. (ed.).
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3655:
3189:
Wills, John E. Jr. (2006). "The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime". In Rubinstein, Murray A. (ed.).
1261:
and Hailanqa were sent to Taiwan. They successfully defeated the rebellion shortly after arriving. Lin was executed in Beijing in April 1788. The
5445:
4425:
2018:(now National Taiwan University) in Taiwan. Taiwan was used as a launchpad for the invasion of Guangdong in late 1938 and for the occupation of
718:
Baccluan, Mattau, and Soulang people continued to harass company employees until late 1633 when Mattau and Soulang went to war with each other.
7387:
2214:
process alongside the rest of Taiwanese society. Grappling with Taiwan's authoritarian history presented a serious challenge for the military.
6177:
A century of struggle over Taiwan's cultural self-consciousness: the life and afterlife of Chiang Wei-shui and the Taiwan Cultural Association
5302:
2053:
being especially heinous. Of the 430 Allied POW deaths across all fourteen Japanese POW camps on Taiwan, the majority occurred at Jinguashi.
1809:
7812:
6640:
2358:
1759:
6916:
3243:
283:
5949:
Hsu, Wen-hsiung (1980). "From Aboriginal Island to Chinese Frontier: The Development of Taiwan before 1683". In Knapp, Ronald G. (ed.).
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vessel shipwrecked on the southeastern tip of Taiwan and 54 sailors were killed by aborigines. Four tribute ships were returning to the
1310:
strategic and commercial value of Taiwan, there were British suggestions in 1840 and 1841 to seize the island. William Huttman wrote to
7241:
6896:
3137:
684:) and built a defensive fort to act as a base of operations. This temporary fort was replaced four years later by the more substantial
476:) referred to the island chain to the northeast of Taiwan, but some scholars believe it may have referred to Taiwan in the Sui period.
399:
5680:
The Formosan Encounter: Notes on Formosa's Aboriginal Society – A selection of Documents from Dutch Archival Sources Vol. I & II
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Morris, Andrew (2002), "The Taiwan Republic of 1895 and the Failure of the Qing Modernizing Project", in Stephane Corcuff (ed.),
4991:
4933:
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in February 1939. A joint planning and logistical center was established in Taiwan to assist Japan's southward advance after the
838:
and he was bestowed the title Guoxingye (Lord of the Imperial surname). Chenggong continued the resistance against the Qing from
4714:
6844:
5683:
1679:
The colonial authorities encountered violent opposition in much of Taiwan. Five months of sustained warfare occurred after the
615:
243:
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On 4 April, Fort Provintia surrendered to Zheng's forces. Following a nine-month siege, Chenggong captured the Dutch fortress
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5233:
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4760:
4724:
3797:
3759:
2662:
2402:
1228:, also known as the "Duck King", was a settler from Fujian. He became the owner of a duck farm in Taiwan's Luohanmen (modern
915:
The Qing dynasty enacted a sea-ban on coastal China to starve out the Zheng forces. In 1663, the writer Xia Lin who lived in
7604:
7322:
7246:
6891:
6392:
5647:
van Veen, Ernst (2003). "How the Dutch Ran a Seventeenth-Century Colony: The Occupation and Loss of Formosa 1624–1662". In
2115:
140:
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4496:"The turtle woman's voices: Multilingual strategies of resistance and assimilation in Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule"
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19th centuries, the Qing had settled 401 Ryukyuan shipwreck incidents both on the coast of mainland China and Taiwan. The
8051:
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7194:
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4753:種回小林村的記憶 : 大武壠民族植物暨部落傳承400年人文誌 (A 400-Year Memory of Xiaolin Taivoan: Their Botany, Their History, and Their People)
3605:
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2070:
388:
176:
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Liu, Yingsheng (2012), "The Taiwan Strait between the Twelfth and Sixteenth Centuries and the Maritime Route to Luzon",
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mostly gentry elites, sold their property and left Taiwan. The vast majority did not have the means or will to leave.
873:
and established a base in Taiwan. The Dutch held out at Keelung until 1668 when they withdrew from Taiwan completely.
7404:
7140:
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5772:
5742:
Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island
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Major armed resistance was largely crushed by 1902 but minor rebellions started occurring again in 1907, such as the
439:
6018:
Leung, Edwin Pak-Wah (1983), "The Quasi-War in East Asia: Japan's Expedition to Taiwan and the Ryūkyū Controversy",
4520:
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2140:
356:
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983:
973:
325:
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1784:
beliefs of the local Taiwanese and plains indigenous. Ideologies of resistance drew on different ideals such as
7832:
7155:
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6645:
6620:
6435:
6425:
5943:
Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia: The Zheng Family and the Shaping of the Modern World, c. 1620–1720
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Japanese colonial citizenship in treaty port China: the location of Koreans and Taiwanese in the imperial order
4546:
3229:
Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia: The Zheng Family and the Shaping of the Modern World, c. 1620–1720
3038:
Blussé, Leonard (1 January 1989). "Pioneers or cattle for the slaughterhouse? A rejoinder to A.R.T. Kemasang".
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1205:. By 1732, five different ethnic groups were in revolt, but the rebellion was defeated by the end of the year.
507:
403:
171:
20:
5420:
3573:
The Indigenous Dynamic in Taiwan's Postwar Development: The Religious and Historical Roots of Entrepreneurship
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Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia: The Zheng Family and the Shaping of the Modern World, c.1620–1720
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5758:
5736:
4662:
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2327:
1625:
As part of the settlement for losing the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing dynasty ceded the islands of Taiwan and
1426:
managed to make it to shore. They met two Chinese men who told them not to travel inland where the dangerous
919:
testified that the Zhengs were short on supplies and the people suffered tremendous hardship due to the Qing
784:
772:
735:
423:
233:
59:
1241:) with an army of 22,000 troops. A month later, the rebellion was defeated and Zhu was executed in Beijing.
955:
until 1668, but they were unable to take back the island. Their position at sea was gradually taken over by
456:
visited as early as 230. Some scholars believe this island was Taiwan, while others dispute the theory. The
7599:
7469:
7337:
6625:
6580:
6550:
6450:
2230:
753:
344:
313:
5915:
Everts, Natalie (2000), "Jacob Lamay van Taywan: An Indigenous Formosan Who Became an Amsterdam Citizen",
5809:
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1656:
Painting of Japanese soldiers entering the city of Taipeh (Taipei) in 1895 after the Treaty of Shimonoseki
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2015:
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and its surrounding islands. The island was the base of Chinese pirates who came into conflict with the
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7842:
7474:
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7317:
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6510:
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signed in 1951, “Japan renounces all right, title and claim to Formosa and the Pescadores.” Though the
2003:
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960:
269:
166:
161:
130:
31:
1780:
Rebellions were often caused by a combination of unequal colonial policies on local elites and extant
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7150:
6996:
6957:
6615:
6570:
6505:
6480:
6470:
6455:
1992:
1496:
1054:
was the primary leader in advocating and organizing the Qing effort to conquer Zheng Taiwan. Born in
5366:
470:" early in the 7th century. Historically, the name Liuqiu (whose characters are read in Japanese as
7558:
7484:
7307:
7234:
7016:
7011:
6962:
6575:
6540:
6495:
6490:
6407:
6385:
2221:
enacted the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 2003 on 30 September 2002, it required that
653:
633:(lit. 'beautiful island'). In 1582, the survivors of a Portuguese shipwreck spent 45 days battling
372:
238:
3013:
2179:
1874:
holding 266 people called Tamaho was created by Raho Ari and his followers near the source of the
1869:
engaged in guerrilla warfare against the Japanese for twenty years. Raho Ari's revolt, called the
1023:
to the Qing. Xiamen was abandoned. On 10 April, Zheng Jing's war on the mainland came to a close.
7930:
7755:
7489:
7382:
7106:
7001:
6972:
6967:
5307:
5171:
2289:
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returned safely. Two attempts to sail to Penghu in February 1683 failed due to a shift in winds.
870:
816:
685:
368:
5876:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
4609:"Governmentality and Its Consequences in Colonial Taiwan: A Case Study of the Ta-pa-ni Incident"
1467:
587:(An Account of the Eastern Barbarians) and described the natives of Taiwan and their lifestyle.
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7780:
7586:
7365:
7267:
7262:
7128:
6876:
6783:
2703:
2348:
2285:
2218:
2158:, who accepted the surrender on behalf of the Allied forces under the authorization of General
2007:
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741:
599:
407:
340:
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110:
4755:. Kaohsiung City: 高雄市杉林區日光小林社區發展協會 (Sunrise Xiaolin Community Development Association). 2017.
4548:
Place and Spirit in Taiwan: Tudi Gong in the Stories, Strategies and Memories of Everyday Life
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3086:
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2233:
subsequently submitted a letter to Congress on 29 August 2003, designating Taiwan as an MNNA.
1958:
The last major indigenous rebellion, the Musha Incident, occurred on 27 October 1930 when the
7975:
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7355:
7332:
7133:
6991:
6911:
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6201:
Thompson, Lawrence G. (1964). "The earliest eyewitness accounts of the Formosan aborigines".
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2111:
2107:
2042:
2026:
on 7 December 1941. Taiwan served as a base for Japanese naval and air attacks on the island
1630:
1550:
1444:
6249:
Legal Reform in Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895-1945: The Reception of Western law
5767:, London, Edinburgh, New York: Marshall Brothers Ltd. reprinted by SMC Publishing Inc 1996,
4716:
Legal Reform in Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895–1945: The Reception of Western Law
3153:
2657:
Jansen, Marius B. (1992). China in the Tokugawa World. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
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and instead tried to restrict settlers from entering Taiwan. Despite official restrictions,
300:
spans at least 400 years and is the history of battles and armed actions that took place in
7935:
7910:
7807:
7101:
6839:
2211:
2155:
2086:
1988:
1943:
1927:
1899:
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landed with 2,250 French forces and defeated a smaller Chinese force, though equipped with
1284:
1159:
800:
669:
207:
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5609:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
5596:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
5583:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
5570:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
5557:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
5544:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
2708:
1652:
1103:
In Taiwan, Zheng Jing's death resulted in a coup shortly afterward. His illegitimate son,
990:
In 1670 and 1673, Zheng forces seized tributary vessels on their way to the mainland from
480:
may have been referred to by the Chinese as "Great Liuqiu" and Taiwan as "Little Liuqiu".
8:
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317:
120:
100:
5519:
The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
1785:
1549:, the governor of Fujian, to strengthen Taiwan's defenses on 16 July. On 5 August 1884,
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2674:
Recent Trends in Scholarship on the History of Ryukyu's Relations with China and Japan
2566:"Chen Di's Record of Formosa (1603) and an Alternative Chinese Imaginary of Otherness"
2049:
in camps throughout Taiwan between 1942 and 1945. The camp served the copper mines at
1854:
access to timber resources. By 1915, many indigenous villages had been destroyed. The
1545:
in 1884. The Chinese had already been aware of French plans to attack Taiwan and sent
1501:
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7880:
7857:
7760:
7738:
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7696:
7525:
7479:
7416:
7377:
7347:
7210:
7063:
6856:
6823:
6760:
6357:
6326:
6307:
6270:
6157:
6146:
6109:
6090:
6039:
6004:
5964:
5897:
5893:
5879:
5860:
5841:
5768:
5746:
5714:
5698:
5687:
5656:
5633:
5522:
5504:
5485:
5312:
5229:
5175:
4939:
4756:
4720:
4552:
4526:
3793:
3755:
3576:
3413:
3233:
3194:
3143:
3092:
2658:
2591:
2398:
2254:
2159:
1939:
1923:
1911:
1895:
1484:
1357:
768:
713:
Sinkan then attacked Mattau and Baccluan, and sought protection from Japan. In 1629,
645:
626:
546:
467:
419:
332:
217:
212:
40:
5648:
5625:
5604:
5591:
5578:
5565:
5552:
3059:
418:
by large-scale invasion. In the modern era, the focus of Taiwan's military has been
7955:
7875:
7671:
7594:
7549:
7536:
7444:
7429:
7167:
6214:
6210:
6027:
5954:
5917:
Ed. David Blundell; Austronesian Taiwan:Linguistics' History, Ethnology, Prehistory
5790:
3047:
2875:
2577:
2487:
2315:, compared to 1,738 in 2022 and 972 in 2021. Analysts see the flights as a form of
2250:
2129:
1887:
1822:
1817:
ordered Tainan's Second Garrison to retaliate through massacre. Military police in
1597:, efforts to settle in aboriginal territories were renewed under the governance of
1542:
1459:, sent a reward to Chinese officials in Fuzhou for the return of the 12 survivors.
1455:
did not ask Japanese officials for help regarding the shipwreck. Instead its king,
1262:
1209:
1080:
1055:
931:
831:
811:
5978:
Isorena, Efren B. (2004). "The Visayan Raiders of the China Coast, 1174–1190 Ad".
4912:
1966:
extraction, launched the last headhunting party. Groups of Seediq warriors led by
1699:
irregulars briefly fought against Japanese forces in the north. After the fall of
8005:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7895:
7847:
7785:
7743:
7706:
7691:
7681:
7676:
7656:
7621:
7616:
7292:
7229:
6866:
5903:
5838:
Becoming "Japanese" : Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation
5778:
5666:
5367:"China is not about to invade Taiwan, experts say, but both are watching Ukraine"
4935:
Economic Development of Emerging East Asia: Catching up of Taiwan and South Korea
4868:
4801:
4782:
4688:
4669:
4650:
3586:
3423:
2686:
2301:
2207:
1935:
1919:
1907:
1818:
1804:
1800:
1708:
1610:
1594:
1538:
1479:
Japanese woodblock print of the expedition forces attacking the Mudan tribe, 1874
1418:
1319:
1311:
905:
823:
776:
681:
661:
649:
598:
as part of a larger campaign to strengthen Japanese sea power and facilitate its
570:
495:
by 1171, when "Bisheye" bandits, a Taiwanese people related to the Bisaya of the
445:
411:
364:
336:
90:
6087:
Memories of the Future: National Identity issues and the Search for a New Taiwan
5539:
2147:
1171:
1007:
in Fujian, but they fell afoul of each other not long afterward. Zheng captured
7965:
7905:
7884:
7837:
7686:
7661:
7459:
7282:
7089:
5740:
5394:
5276:
4960:
2323:
1951:
1883:
1847:
1796:
1781:
1736:
1606:
1452:
1422:
1381:
1135:
1119:
1104:
1004:
709:
527:
477:
449:
415:
6125:
Language, Society, and the State: From Colonization to Globalization in Taiwan
6031:
5137:
3615:
3051:
2699:"Ilha Formosa: the Emergence of Taiwan on the World Scene in the 17th Century"
2582:
2565:
1447:
although it did not take place in Mudan (J. Botan), but at Kuskus (Gaoshifo).
8045:
8017:
7970:
7870:
7748:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7651:
7611:
7145:
6901:
6861:
6754:
5750:
5535:
5475:
5316:
2676:
1959:
1875:
1855:
1716:
1598:
1546:
1427:
1386:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1176:
956:
854:
834:
in 1644 to rebels, Chenggong and his followers declared their loyalty to the
765:
566:
259:
80:
5670:
2034:
in May 1942. It also served as a rear staging ground for further attacks on
1814:
1684:
their posts. General mayhem and destruction ensued in the following months.
1100:
Shi Lang was reappointed as the naval chief of Fujian on 10 September 1681.
6370:
6286:
China's Conquest of Taiwan in the Seventeenth Century: Victory at Full Moon
6001:
When The Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Ta-pa-ni Incident in Colonial Taiwan
5907:
5782:
5343:
5197:"Taiwan grapples with divisive history as new president prepares for power"
2417:
Tanaka Fumio 田中史生 (2008). "Kodai no Amami Okinawa shotō to kokusai shakai"
2261:
2246:
2046:
1882:
As resistance to the long-term oppression by the Japanese government, many
1859:
1754:
1488:
1435:
1233:
1108:
1094:
835:
714:
673:
550:
503:
484:
395:
384:
343:
lasted for over two centuries, during which it rarely tried to conquer the
331:
In 1683, the Qing invaded Taiwan and ousted the Zheng regime, establishing
321:
305:
5501:
Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West
3590:
3139:
Island in the Stream : A Quick Case Study of Taiwan's Complex History
1369:
7626:
6764:
5446:"Taiwan to stop 'worshipping authoritarianism' at Chiang Kai-shek statue"
3427:
2031:
1976:
1770:
1728:
542:
523:
519:
488:
463:
458:
380:
348:
6222:
6069:
5991:
1938:, the resistance taking place in 1937 was named the Kobayashi Incident (
1525:
1134:
On 11 July, Shi regrouped his squadrons and requested reinforcements at
826:, known in Dutch sources as Koxinga, studied at the Imperial Academy in
606:, the invasion forces were dispersed, and only one ship reached Taiwan.
7327:
5959:
5808:, translated by W. Tsao, ed. by B. Gordon: 541–550, 569, archived from
5618:
Outcasts of Empire: Japan's Rule on Taiwan's "Savage Border," 1874-1945
5303:"In Taiwan, Russia's War in Ukraine Stirs New Interest in Self-Defense"
2151:
1972:
1967:
1774:
1712:
1112:
909:
897:
796:
453:
5951:
China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan
5479:
2380:
China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan
1456:
5339:"Second line of defence: Taiwan's civilians train to resist invasion"
2269:
2265:
2050:
1915:
1890:
led the first local rebellion against Japan in July 1915, called the
1696:
1562:
1390:
1250:
1229:
1225:
1202:
1012:
892:
843:
761:, but as heathens to be converted, neighbors and service suppliers."
978:
7960:
7287:
5628:(2000). "The Cave of the Black Spirits". In Blundell, David (ed.).
5371:
2293:
2150:
handed over the administration of Taiwan and the Penghu islands to
2132:
2045:
in Taiwan. Around 4,350 Allied prisoners of war (POW) were used as
1671:
1238:
1183:
1051:
1043:
1016:
1008:
995:
935:
558:
554:
531:
6775:
6143:
Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier, 1600–1800
5277:"Taiwan to stage the year's first civil defense drill in Taichung"
5164:
The U.S.-Taiwan-China Relationship in International Law and Policy
3789:
Confrontation Over Taiwan: Nineteenth-Century China and the Powers
5421:"China Deployed Over 1,700 Military Planes Around Taiwan in 2023"
4891:
4889:
4267:
4265:
4263:
3751:
Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West
2305:
2035:
1963:
1732:
1688:
1554:
1530:
952:
827:
780:
745:
744:
in northern Taiwan. They eventually moved westward to modern-day
634:
603:
576:
562:
557:
who was chased out of Fujian in 1563 by Ming naval forces led by
496:
309:
5822:
On the Origins and Transformation of Taiwanese National Identity
4992:"The Forgotten POWs of the Pacific: The Story of Taiwan's Camps"
3628:臺灣有「三年一小反,五年一大反」之謠。但是根據研究,這句俗諺所形容民變迭起的現象,以道光朝(1820-1850)的三十多年間為主
1475:
964:
its existence, limiting trade with mainland China to smugglers.
700:
549:
visited Taiwan in 1563 and 1574 respectively. Lin Daoqian was a
6806:
5167:
4106:
2222:
2019:
1741:
1719:
attempted to carry out anti-Japanese resistance efforts as the
1700:
1692:
1626:
1602:
1579:
1566:
1331:
1327:
1142:
1090:
1063:
991:
944:
920:
916:
858:
850:
839:
758:
665:
657:
515:
492:
472:
360:
301:
5592:"Chapter 9: Lord and Vassal: Company Rule over the Aborigines"
4886:
4625:
4443:
4260:
4166:
1834:
1675:
Insurgents captured during the Seirai-an Temple Incident, 1915
1330:, were rescued by locals and handed over to Qing officials in
6232:
Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and West
4294:
4292:
2027:
752:
as a base for the new colony. They seized the territory from
638:
580:
535:
6323:
Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy
6304:
Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy
5123:"Taiwan in Time: Abandoned by the rising sun – Taipei Times"
2395:
Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy
375:, Taiwan served as a base for invasions of China, and later
5069:
5067:
4248:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3652:"Taiwan in Time: Rebels of heaven and earth – Taipei Times"
3499:
3497:
3019:
2639:
1275:(lit. commendable righteousness) for resisting the rebels.
1163:
Depiction of Qing ships crossing the ocean to suppress the
6258:
China and the Taiwan Issue: Impending War at Taiwan Strait
5138:"Ex-soldier wants memorial erected for Taiwanese war dead"
4961:"WW2: Unearthing Taiwan's forgotten prisoner of war camps"
4874:
4328:
4289:
4190:
4130:
4118:
4082:
3412:(2nd ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 10.
2723:
2284:), cost $ 1.54 billion and was set to be delivered to the
1629:
to Japan on April 17, 1895, according to the terms of the
704:
Robert Junius, one of the leaders of the Mattau expedition
522:
people were recorded to have visited Taiwan. Yuan emperor
6169:
Economic Development in Taiwan after the Second World War
5484:(Project Gutenberg ed.). Columbia University Press.
4819:
4094:
2851:
2762:
609:
312:(Zheng Chenggong) retreated to Taiwan as a result of the
7512:
5395:"Haikun: Taiwan unveils new submarine to fend off China"
5103:
5091:
5064:
5052:
4477:
4475:
4316:
4238:
4236:
4070:
4021:
4009:
3913:
3889:
3685:
3494:
3329:
2967:
2839:
2545:
2120:
On 26 July 1945, the United States, United Kingdom, and
1588:
6106:
Japanese Taiwan: Colonial Rule and its Contested Legacy
5579:"Chapter 8: "The Only Bees on Formosa That Give Honey""
4807:
4400:
4398:
4277:
3937:
3925:
3853:
3841:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3446:
3434:
3389:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3317:
3293:
3281:
3257:
3207:
2979:
2957:
2955:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2786:
2752:
2750:
2627:
2344:
National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology
5878:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
4589:
4340:
4142:
3675:
3673:
3066:
2991:
2798:
2139:. On 2 September, the surrender was formalized in the
1283:
The Gamalan or Kavalan people were situated in modern
998:
and Fujian. In 1674, Zheng Jing took advantage of the
5857:
Pirate King: Coxinga and the Fall of the Ming Dynasty
4472:
4383:
4233:
3961:
3901:
3877:
3817:
2533:
2444:
6145:, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.,
5935:
Between Trade and Legitimacy, Maritime and Continent
5503:(illustrated ed.), Princeton University Press,
5079:
5014:
4577:
4565:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4395:
4154:
4058:
3949:
3785:
3747:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2890:
2810:
2747:
2735:
1195:
579:
visited Taiwan in 1603 on an expedition against the
6269:(expanded ed.). M.E. Sharpe. pp. 84–106.
4304:
3997:
3985:
3973:
3865:
3829:
3726:
3670:
3410:
Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China)
3305:
3269:
3167:
3117:
3105:
2521:
2245:a previous 50–50 split. Private organizations like
2096:
5242:
4831:
3598:
2774:
2468:
2432:
2065:Taiwanese servicemen in the Imperial Japanese Army
967:
959:. On 10 September 1670, a representative from the
876:
594:sent a fleet of 13 ships and 4,000 warriors in an
422:to thwart any possible attacks primarily from the
5566:"Chapter 7: The Challenges of a Chinese Frontier"
4719:. University of Washington Press. pp. 113–.
4455:
4211:"Taiwan in Time: The fall of the northern Atayal"
4178:
3533:
3521:
2509:
2416:
2311:In 2023, China deployed 1,709 military jets into
2069:Starting in July 1937, Taiwanese began to play a
1829:
849:Chenggong retreated from his stronghold in Amoy (
8043:
5840:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
3714:
3702:
3509:
2056:
2041:During WWII the Japanese authorities maintained
1695:'s harbor was bombarded. Remnant Qing units and
1471:Saigō with leaders of the Seqalu tribe in Taiwan
629:arrived in Taiwan and noted it on their maps as
19:For the official military forces of Taiwan, see
6295:Approaching Sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands
5919:, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
5859:, United Kingdom: Muramasa Industries Limited,
4426:Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University
2456:
1962:, angry over their treatment while laboring in
1906:). This was followed by a wider rebellion from
1838:Mikata-Ban, a force of pro-Japanese aborigines.
1565:, capturing Keelung. French efforts to capture
1237:fleet under the command of Shi Shibian (son of
444:Early records refer to an eastern island named
5540:"Chapter 1: Taiwan on the Eve of Colonization"
4712:
2911:"Taiwan in Time: When colonial powers collide"
2874:. Council for Cultural Affairs. Archived from
1641:
1334:, the capital of Taiwan. In October 1841, HMS
7049:
6791:
6386:
5035:"Taiwan in Time: Abandoned by the rising sun"
4493:
3564:
2872:"荷西時期總論 (Dutch and Spanish period of Taiwan)"
2598:
277:
6400:
6003:, Honolulu, HA: University of Hawaii Press,
5677:
5115:
3614:. Taiwan Ministry of Culture. Archived from
3184:
3182:
3040:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
2845:
2359:Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation
1703:on 7 June, local militia and partisan bands
994:. In 1671, Zheng forces raided the coast of
842:. In 1650 he planned a major offensive from
5980:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
5953:. The University of Hawaii. pp. 3–28.
5902:. London and New York: Macmillan & Co.
5708:
3743:
3741:
3232:. Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
3091:. Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
2729:
2304:combat system and will carry American-made
2264:launched Taiwan's first domestically built
2225:be "treated as though it were designated a
2210:the Taiwanese security forces engaged in a
1660:
1462:
1148:
930:From June to August 1663, Duke Huang Wu of
6798:
6784:
6393:
6379:
6156:. Reprinted 1995, SMC Publishing, Taipei.
6131:
5873:
5250:"Civil defense reform needed, experts say"
4895:
4880:
4631:
4449:
4334:
4298:
4271:
4196:
4172:
3779:
3135:
2973:
2863:
1826:5,000–6,000 people died in this incident.
1278:
1244:
466:sent three expeditions to a place called "
400:retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan
284:
270:
6342:The Colonisation and Settlement of Taiwan
6241:The Cambridge History of China 9 Volume 1
6238:
6182:
5958:
5678:Blusse, Leonard; Everts, Natalie (2000),
5418:
4706:
4522:Lesser Dragons: Minority Peoples of China
4361:"Was Taiwan Ever Really a Part of China?"
3696:
3503:
3335:
3179:
2581:
2557:
2410:
1605:. Three new counties were created, a new
779:settlement of San Salvador in modern-day
6200:
6140:
5892:
5854:
5757:
5735:
5646:
5632:. California: University of California.
5602:
5589:
5576:
5563:
5550:
5534:
5336:
5275:Yu, Matt; Yang, Evelyn (12 April 2023).
5225:Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990
5026:
4989:
4322:
3738:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3570:
3539:
3025:
3009:
2985:
2961:
2946:
2934:
2896:
2833:
2821:
2804:
2792:
2756:
2741:
2645:
2633:
2313:Taiwan's air defense identification zone
2060:
1841:
1833:
1670:
1651:
1533:by the French forces, image created 1887
1524:
1474:
1466:
1368:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1084:
1038:
977:
891:
810:
787:and successfully captured San Salvador.
699:
402:in 1949, Taiwan's military has been the
6185:The Chinese Gazette in European Sources
6104:Morris, Andrew D, ed. (July 30, 2015).
6075:
5977:
5615:
5516:
5498:
5474:
4813:
4254:
3919:
3907:
3895:
3883:
3823:
3542:"Has Taiwan Always Been Part of China?"
3401:
3072:
2997:
2551:
2438:
2191:
1687:Japanese forces landed on the coast of
1541:, the French invaded Taiwan during the
1046:(1621–1696) in an 18th-century painting
795:On 8 September 1652, a Chinese farmer,
790:
538:. Another expedition was sent in 1297.
414:-controlled armed forces was to retake
8044:
6103:
6084:
5923:
5914:
5727:
5684:Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines
5624:
5605:"Chapter 10: The Beginning of the End"
5274:
5032:
4926:
4911:. Taipower Corporation. Archived from
4432:from the original on December 22, 2014
4346:
4283:
4208:
4148:
4136:
4124:
4112:
4100:
4088:
3658:from the original on 28 September 2022
3407:
3129:
3037:
2908:
2857:
2780:
2768:
2679:, Pennsylvania State University, p.13
2382:. The University of Hawaii. p. 5.
1401:by the aborigines, losing an officer.
1377:On 12 March 1867, the American barque
1220:
676:and retreated to a sandy peninsula of
616:Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa
610:Dutch and Spanish colonies (1624–1662)
7511:
7313:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
7048:
6935:
6821:
6779:
6374:
6348:
6320:
6301:
6264:
6122:
6017:
5835:
5819:
5789:
5711:Spaniards in Taiwan Vol. II:1642–1682
5655:. Taipei: Southern Materials Center.
5553:"Chapter 2: A Scramble for Influence"
5337:Davidson, Helen (22 September 2021).
5135:
4862:Japan's progress number ... July 1935
4825:
4481:
4404:
4389:
4242:
3955:
3635:
3188:
2563:
2515:
2474:
2392:
2377:
2146:On 25 October 1945, Governor-General
2101:
2010:operated heavily out of Taiwan. The "
1589:Liu Mingchuan's colonization campaign
1373:American expedition to Taiwan in 1867
806:
695:
7323:Special non-state-to-state relations
6292:
6283:
6255:
6246:
6229:
6174:
6166:
5998:
5940:
5932:
5827:
5392:
5364:
5300:
5161:
5109:
5097:
5085:
5073:
5058:
5020:
4583:
4571:
4466:
4410:
4310:
4076:
4064:
4027:
4015:
4003:
3991:
3979:
3943:
3931:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3835:
3552:from the original on 1 December 2020
3488:
3476:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3395:
3383:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3323:
3311:
3299:
3287:
3275:
3263:
3225:
3213:
3173:
3123:
3111:
3084:
2539:
2177:remained undetermined, the treaty's
2116:United States Taiwan Defense Command
1803:in 1907, Luo Fuxing in 1913 and the
1715:delayed Japanese landings. Governor
1620:
1338:sailed to Keelung to search for the
1141:The battle took place in the bay of
887:
6805:
6055:
5948:
5419:McCartney, Micah (5 January 2024).
5221:
5002:from the original on April 10, 2023
4990:Prentice, David (30 October 2015).
4958:
4938:. Anthem Press. 27 September 2017.
4733:from the original on April 10, 2023
2527:
2462:
2450:
2290:Taiwan's domestic submarine program
1074:
1015:in 1674. In 1675, the commander of
637:and aborigines before returning to
13:
6356:, Taipei, Taiwan: Lian jing (聯經),
6339:
6191:
6046:
5709:Borao Mateo, Jose Eugenio (2002),
4971:from the original on June 16, 2021
4837:
4595:
4371:from the original on June 10, 2021
4358:
4184:
4160:
3967:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3679:
3527:
3515:
1667:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
1520:
740:In 1626, Spanish forces landed at
506:, a patrol and inspection agency (
433:
14:
8063:
6078:Liminality of the Japanese Empire
5393:Wong, Tessa (28 September 2023).
5136:Okubo, Maki (12 September 2020).
5033:Cheung, Han (16 September 2018).
4909:"歷史與發展 (History and Development)"
3142:(4th ed.). Taipei: SMC Pub.
2622:萬曆壬寅臘月初旬,將軍沈有容率師渡海,破賊東番。海波盪定,除夕班師
2257:training to civilians in Taiwan.
1412:
1364:
1196:Indigenous rebellions (1723–1733)
729:
462:relates that Emperor Yang of the
440:Early Chinese contact with Taiwan
8023:
8011:
8000:
7999:
7242:List of administrative divisions
6759:
6750:
6749:
6251:, University of Washington Press
5620:, University of California Press
5438:
5412:
5386:
5358:
5330:
5294:
5268:
5228:. DIANE Publishing. p. 52.
5215:
5188:
5155:
5129:
4983:
4952:
4901:
4855:
4843:
4788:
4769:
4745:
4713:Tay-sheng Wang (28 April 2015).
4694:
4675:
4656:
4637:
4601:
4539:
4513:
4487:
4352:
4202:
4033:
3193:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 84–106.
2288:by the end of 2024. The goal of
2238:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
2141:Japanese Instrument of Surrender
2097:Republic of China (1945–present)
1029:
620:
253:
50:
8024:
5468:
5194:
4525:. Reaktion Books. 15 May 2018.
4221:from the original on 6 May 2021
3806:from the original on 2023-04-10
3792:. Lexington Books. p. 32.
3768:from the original on 2023-04-10
3246:from the original on 2023-04-10
3219:
3078:
3031:
2902:
2869:
2691:
2667:
2651:
2498:from the original on 2021-03-01
2137:Japan's unconditional surrender
1982:
1026:Zheng Jing died in early 1681.
1000:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
984:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
974:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
968:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
877:Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683)
389:served in the Japanese military
326:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
6717:British Indian Ocean Territory
6230:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2009),
6215:10.1080/02549948.1964.11731044
6132:Rubinstein, Murray A. (1999),
5941:——— (2015),
5521:, Princeton University Press,
5517:——— (2016),
5499:——— (2011),
5222:Kan, Shirley (December 2009).
3612:Encyclopedia of Taiwan (台灣大百科)
2909:Cheung, Han (20 August 2017).
2480:
2386:
2371:
2281:
1830:Indigenous people's resistance
1318:In September 1841, during the
1187:Battle of Fangliao during the
511:
404:Republic of China Armed Forces
339:) in southwestern Taiwan. The
21:Republic of China Armed Forces
1:
6936:
6835:Timeline of Taiwanese history
6321:Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2012),
6302:Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2012),
6260:, University Press of America
6196:, Paradise Culture Associates
5924:Gordon, Leonard H.D. (2007),
5795:"The Neolithic Taiwan Strait"
5365:Kwan, Rhoda; Jett, Jennifer.
4551:. Routledge. 29 August 2003.
3786:Leonard H. D. Gordon (2007).
3754:. Routledge. pp. 66–67.
3748:Shih-Shan Henry Tsai (2009).
3136:Lin, A.; Keating, J. (2008).
2423:Kodai chūsei no kyōkai ryōiki
2393:Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2012),
2364:
2328:Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall
2260:In September 2023, President
2057:Taiwanese military servicemen
1918:in August 1915, known as the
1322:, the British transport ship
1111:with the support of minister
900:(1642–1681), possibly 17th c.
736:Spanish expedition to Formosa
7600:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
7338:Taiwan independence movement
6080:, University of Hawi'i Press
4959:Sui, Cindy (June 15, 2021).
2494:. Penghu County Government.
2421:. In Ikeda Yoshifumi (ed.).
1300:
573:also used Taiwan as a base.
345:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
7:
7495:Water supply and sanitation
6822:
6183:Standaert, Nicolas (2022),
5855:Clements, Jonathan (2004),
5728:Brooks, Barbara J. (2000),
5611:, Columbia University Press
5598:, Columbia University Press
5585:, Columbia University Press
5572:, Columbia University Press
5559:, Columbia University Press
5546:, Columbia University Press
5301:Wang, Joyu (4 March 2022).
2337:
2030:until the surrender of the
2016:Taihoku Imperial University
1773:organization preceding the
1642:Japanese Empire (1895–1945)
1212:period (1735–1796), the 93
1034:
16:Aspect of Taiwanese history
10:
8068:
8052:Military history of Taiwan
7813:Inventions and discoveries
7318:Political status of Taiwan
6887:Taiwan under Japanese rule
6167:Shih, Chien-sheng (1968),
6141:Shepherd, John R. (1993),
5713:, Taipei: SMC Publishing,
4209:Cheung, Han (2 May 2021).
2846:Blusse & Everts (2000)
2354:Defense industry of Taiwan
2253:provide civil defense and
2202:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
2198:Political status of Taiwan
2195:
2105:
1986:
1846:Beheaded Seediq at Second
1664:
1648:Taiwan under Japanese rule
1645:
1152:
1078:
971:
961:British East India Company
880:
799:, and an army of peasants
733:
613:
437:
424:People's Republic of China
298:military history of Taiwan
18:
7995:
7856:
7773:
7637:
7585:
7578:
7535:
7507:
7346:
7255:
7208:
7073:
7044:
6950:
6931:
6830:
6817:
6745:
6704:
6664:
6406:
6239:Twitchett, Denis (2002),
6089:, New York: M.E. Sharpe,
6032:10.1017/s0026749x00015638
5926:Confrontation Over Taiwan
5616:Barclay, Paul D. (2018),
5481:How Taiwan Became Chinese
4867:February 5, 2016, at the
3571:Skoggard, Ian A. (1996).
3052:10.1163/22134379-90003260
2583:10.1017/S0018246X1900061X
2378:Knapp, Ronald G. (1980).
2004:full-scale war with China
1993:Japan during World War II
748:, where they established
596:attempt to conquer Taiwan
491:fishermen settled on the
7308:One Country on Each Side
7220:Administrative divisions
6466:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
6401:Military history of Asia
6353:
6284:Wong, Young-tsu (2017),
6247:Wang, Tay-sheng (2000),
6175:Shih, Fang-long (2022),
6076:Matsuda, Hiroko (2019),
6058:Journal of Asian History
5836:Ching, Leo T.S. (2001).
5820:Chang, Mau-kuei (2003),
5653:Around and About Formosa
5603:Andrade, Tonio (2008j),
5590:Andrade, Tonio (2008i),
5577:Andrade, Tonio (2008h),
5564:Andrade, Tonio (2008g),
5551:Andrade, Tonio (2008b),
4850:The Japan Year Book 1933
4682:The Japan Year Book 1937
4644:The Japan Year Book 1937
3627:
3610:[Civil Strife].
3606:
3408:Copper, John F. (2000).
2612:(in Chinese). p. 26
2610:National Central Library
2564:Jenco, Leigh K. (2020).
2425:
2418:
1707:. In the south, a small
1705:continued the resistance
1661:Invasion and suppression
1463:Japanese invasion (1874)
1393:, were also killed. The
1249:In 1786, members of the
1149:Qing dynasty (1683–1895)
654:Dutch East India Company
428:People's Liberation Army
373:Second Sino-Japanese War
7490:Uniform Invoice lottery
7405:State-owned enterprises
7178:Office of the President
6727:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6108:. Bloomsbury Academic.
5894:Davidson, James Wheeler
5874:Clodfelter, M. (2017).
5828:Chen, Yingzhen (2001),
5308:The Wall Street Journal
5172:Oxford University Press
5162:Chen, Lung-chu (2016).
4800:April 10, 2023, at the
4781:April 10, 2023, at the
4687:April 10, 2023, at the
4668:April 10, 2023, at the
4649:April 10, 2023, at the
4115:, p. 149–151, 154.
2272:. The submarine, named
2171:Treaty of San Francisco
2071:role on the battlefield
2024:bombing of Pearl Harbor
2014:" was based out of the
1279:Colonization of Kavalan
1245:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1189:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1175:Conquest of Douliumen (
1165:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1107:, murdered his brother
904:Following the death of
853:city) and attacked the
369:First Sino-Japanese War
7450:Semiconductor industry
7268:Cross-Strait relations
7225:Special municipalities
6877:Taiwan under Qing rule
6351:Zhonghua Minguo shigao
6256:Wang, Gabe T. (2006),
6123:Price, Gareth (2019),
5830:Imperial Army Betrayed
5759:Campbell, Rev. William
5745:. London: Kegan Paul.
4621:on September 24, 2007.
4494:Huang-wen lai (2015).
3540:van der Wees, Gerrit.
2704:National Palace Museum
2570:The Historical Journal
2349:Conscription in Taiwan
2322:In 2024, the military
2286:Republic of China Navy
2219:United States Congress
2175:legal status of Taiwan
2066:
2008:Imperial Japanese Navy
1997:
1865:The Bunun under Chief
1850:
1839:
1676:
1657:
1534:
1480:
1472:
1374:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1155:Taiwan under Qing rule
1097:
1047:
987:
901:
820:
754:aboriginal inhabitants
705:
526:sent officials to the
141:Republic of China rule
7333:Taiwanese nationalism
6852:Early Chinese contact
6267:Taiwan: A New History
6134:Taiwan: A New History
6049:The History of Taiwan
6047:Li, Xiaobing (2019),
3191:Taiwan: A New History
2240:, public interest in
2180:travaux préparatoires
2124:jointly released the
2112:Martial law in Taiwan
2108:White Terror (Taiwan)
2064:
2043:prisoner of war camps
2002:As Japan embarked on
1845:
1837:
1674:
1655:
1631:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1528:
1500:the time. On 17 May,
1495:On 9 March 1874, the
1478:
1470:
1372:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1088:
1042:
981:
895:
814:
764:In 1641, governor of
703:
448:, to which troops of
6845:archaeological sites
6641:United Arab Emirates
6349:Zhang, Yufa (1998),
6340:Ye, Ruiping (2019),
6020:Modern Asian Studies
5125:. 16 September 2018.
4499:(pdf published=2007)
2212:transitional justice
2192:Post-democratization
2087:February 28 incident
1989:Taiwan Army of Japan
1417:In December 1871, a
1382:shipwrecked offshore
951:trade, and occupied
791:Guo Huaiyi rebellion
668:. Dutch forces were
541:The Chinese pirates
244:Archaeological sites
7983:Tourist attractions
7440:Maritime industries
7373:Automotive industry
7278:Chinese nationalism
7273:Chinese unification
7117:Additional Articles
6882:Republic of Formosa
6872:Kingdom of Tungning
6668:limited recognition
6234:, M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
5999:Katz, Paul (2005),
5933:Hang, Xing (2010),
5764:Sketches of Formosa
5630:Austronesian Taiwan
4828:, pp. 137–140.
4215:www.taipeitimes.com
3226:Hang, Xing (2016).
3085:Hang, Xing (2016).
3028:, pp. 188–201.
2878:on December 3, 2013
2860:, pp. 151–155.
2648:, pp. 170–171.
2453:, pp. 170–171.
2332:cult of personality
2268:into the harbor of
2231:Bush administration
2227:major non-NATO ally
2164:General Order No. 1
2126:Potsdam Declaration
2075:Takasago Volunteers
1790:Chinese nationalism
1725:Green Standard Army
1721:Republic of Formosa
1635:Republic of Formosa
1483:On 30 August 1872,
1221:Zhu Yigui rebellion
883:Kingdom of Tungning
341:Qing administration
318:Kingdom of Tungning
121:Republic of Formosa
101:Kingdom of Tungning
7647:Formosan languages
7470:Telecommunications
7303:North–South divide
7247:Metropolitan areas
6293:Wong, Tin (2022),
5112:, p. 194-195.
5100:, p. 192–195.
5076:, p. 186–187.
5061:, p. 183–184.
4898:, p. 235–236.
4634:, p. 211–212.
4598:, p. 447–448.
4452:, p. 207–208.
4418:"Taiwan – History"
4274:, p. 205–206.
4257:, p. 103–104.
4175:, p. 187–190.
4139:, p. 161–162.
4127:, p. 149–151.
4091:, p. 142–145.
4079:, p. 141–143.
4030:, p. 137–138.
4018:, p. 134–137.
3970:, p. 185–186.
3946:, p. 127–128.
3934:, p. 124–126.
3862:, p. 121–122.
3850:, p. 119–120.
3491:, p. 170–171.
3479:, p. 169–170.
3467:, p. 168–169.
3455:, p. 165–166.
3443:, p. 162–163.
3398:, p. 166–167.
3386:, p. 155–158.
3374:, p. 152–153.
3362:, p. 150–151.
3350:, p. 148–150.
3326:, p. 144–147.
3302:, p. 124–125.
3290:, p. 118–122.
3266:, p. 113–114.
3216:, p. 111–113.
2771:, p. 144–145.
2730:Borao Mateo (2002)
2685:2012-03-02 at the
2317:gray-zone activity
2186:self-determination
2102:Martial law period
2067:
2012:South Strike Group
1920:Seirai-an Incident
1851:
1840:
1769:, a member of the
1681:invasion of Taiwan
1677:
1658:
1535:
1481:
1473:
1375:
1358:executed in Tainan
1307:East India Company
1193:
1181:
1169:
1098:
1048:
988:
902:
821:
807:Koxinga's invasion
750:Santisima Trinidad
706:
696:Dutch colonization
660:in 1624, building
656:attempted to take
627:Portuguese sailors
592:Tokugawa shogunate
8039:
8038:
7991:
7990:
7769:
7768:
7739:Taiwanese Hokkien
7503:
7502:
7298:Foreign relations
7211:Regions of Taiwan
7195:Political parties
7183:Secretary-General
7040:
7039:
6987:Protected species
6927:
6926:
6897:Retreat to Taiwan
6892:Republic of China
6857:Kingdom of Middag
6773:
6772:
6710:other territories
6332:978-0-7914-8268-1
6313:978-0-7914-8268-1
6276:978-0-7656-1495-7
6192:Su, Beng (1980),
6152:978-0-8047-2066-3
6136:, East Gate Books
6096:978-0-7656-0791-1
6010:978-0-8248-2915-5
5970:978-0-8248-8004-0
5928:, Lexington Books
5866:978-0-7509-3269-1
5847:978-0-520-22551-0
5737:Campbell, William
5720:978-957-638-589-6
5528:978-0-691-13597-7
5510:978-0-691-14455-9
5491:978-0-231-12855-1
5256:. 26 January 2023
5235:978-1-4379-2041-3
4762:978-986-95852-0-0
4726:978-0-295-80388-3
4103:, p. 146–49.
3799:978-0-7391-1869-6
3761:978-1-317-46517-1
3654:. 17 April 2016.
2974:Clodfelter (2017)
2663:978-06-7411-75-32
2542:, pp. 33–34.
2428:. pp. 49–70.
2404:978-0-7914-8268-1
2255:disaster response
2160:Douglas MacArthur
2122:Republic of China
1621:Sino-Japanese War
1497:Taiwan Expedition
1485:Sukenori Kabayama
908:in 1662, his son
888:Retreat to Taiwan
815:The surrender of
769:Paulus Traudenius
518:around 1281, and
387:. Some Taiwanese
367:after losing the
333:Taiwan Prefecture
320:and attacked the
294:
293:
260:Taiwan portal
218:Kingdom of Middag
149:
148:
8059:
8027:
8026:
8015:
8003:
8002:
7891:Cultural history
7843:Waste management
7595:Taiwanese people
7583:
7582:
7537:National symbols
7516:National Symbols
7509:
7508:
7425:Economic history
7420:
7412:Defense industry
7256:Political issues
7161:Military history
7046:
7045:
6933:
6932:
6819:
6818:
6800:
6793:
6786:
6777:
6776:
6763:
6753:
6752:
6722:Christmas Island
6408:Sovereign states
6395:
6388:
6381:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6345:
6336:
6317:
6298:
6289:
6280:
6261:
6252:
6243:
6235:
6226:
6203:Monumenta Serica
6197:
6188:
6179:
6171:
6155:
6137:
6128:
6119:
6100:
6081:
6072:
6052:
6043:
6014:
5995:
5974:
5962:
5945:
5937:
5929:
5920:
5911:
5889:
5870:
5851:
5832:
5824:
5816:
5814:
5799:
5786:
5754:
5732:
5724:
5696:
5674:
5643:
5621:
5612:
5599:
5586:
5573:
5560:
5547:
5531:
5513:
5495:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5101:
5095:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5071:
5062:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4905:
4899:
4893:
4884:
4878:
4872:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4792:
4786:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4710:
4704:
4701:ed. Inahara 1937
4698:
4692:
4679:
4673:
4660:
4654:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4614:. Archived from
4613:
4605:
4599:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4500:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4470:
4464:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4367:. The Diplomat.
4356:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4287:
4286:, pp. 4–18.
4281:
4275:
4269:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4217:. Taipei Times.
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4163:, p. 64–65.
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4043:. Archived from
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3922:, p. 53–54.
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3898:, p. 51–52.
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3745:
3736:
3735:, p. 56–57.
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3683:
3682:, p. 82–83.
3677:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3648:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3618:on 10 March 2021
3602:
3596:
3594:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3548:. The Diplomat.
3537:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3186:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3152:. Archived from
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2711:on 14 April 2018
2707:. Archived from
2695:
2689:
2671:
2665:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2530:, pp. 9–10.
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2375:
2326:ceremony at the
2283:
2251:Forward Alliance
1892:Jiasian Incident
1786:Taishō democracy
1768:
1751:Armed resistance
1551:Sébastien Lespès
1543:Keelung campaign
1352:and 54 from the
1269:its modern name
1263:Qianlong Emperor
1118:Orders from the
1081:Battle of Penghu
1075:Battle of Penghu
1056:Jinjiang, Fujian
982:Map showing the
674:Ming authorities
644:Defeated by the
514:) was set up in
513:
420:national defense
406:. Until 1972, a
286:
279:
272:
258:
257:
256:
67:
66:
54:
44:
26:
25:
8067:
8066:
8062:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8042:
8041:
8040:
8035:
7987:
7852:
7823:Public holidays
7796:Sex trafficking
7791:Organized crime
7765:
7633:
7574:
7531:
7530:
7499:
7418:
7342:
7293:De-Sinicization
7251:
7213:
7204:
7151:Law enforcement
7083:
7078:
7069:
7068:
7036:
6983:Endemic species
6946:
6945:
6923:
6917:Mandarin policy
6867:Spanish Formosa
6826:
6813:
6804:
6774:
6769:
6741:
6709:
6700:
6681:Northern Cyprus
6667:
6660:
6402:
6399:
6364:
6355:
6333:
6314:
6277:
6153:
6116:
6097:
6011:
5971:
5886:
5867:
5848:
5812:
5797:
5775:
5721:
5694:
5663:
5649:Blussé, Leonard
5640:
5626:Blussé, Leonard
5529:
5511:
5492:
5471:
5466:
5465:
5455:
5453:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5417:
5413:
5403:
5401:
5391:
5387:
5377:
5375:
5363:
5359:
5349:
5347:
5335:
5331:
5321:
5319:
5299:
5295:
5285:
5283:
5273:
5269:
5259:
5257:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5220:
5216:
5206:
5204:
5193:
5189:
5182:
5160:
5156:
5146:
5144:
5134:
5130:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5108:
5104:
5096:
5092:
5084:
5080:
5072:
5065:
5057:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5031:
5027:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
4996:Thinking Taiwan
4988:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4957:
4953:
4946:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4918:
4916:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4896:Rubinstein 1999
4894:
4887:
4881:Rubinstein 1999
4879:
4875:
4869:Wayback Machine
4860:
4856:
4848:
4844:
4836:
4832:
4824:
4820:
4812:
4808:
4802:Wayback Machine
4793:
4789:
4783:Wayback Machine
4774:
4770:
4763:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4736:
4734:
4727:
4711:
4707:
4699:
4695:
4689:Wayback Machine
4680:
4676:
4670:Wayback Machine
4661:
4657:
4651:Wayback Machine
4642:
4638:
4632:Rubinstein 1999
4630:
4626:
4618:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4594:
4590:
4582:
4578:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4488:
4480:
4473:
4465:
4456:
4450:Rubinstein 1999
4448:
4444:
4435:
4433:
4422:Windows on Asia
4416:
4415:
4411:
4403:
4396:
4388:
4384:
4374:
4372:
4365:thediplomat.com
4357:
4353:
4345:
4341:
4335:Rubinstein 1999
4333:
4329:
4321:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4299:Rubinstein 1999
4297:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4272:Rubinstein 1999
4270:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4241:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4207:
4203:
4197:Rubinstein 1999
4195:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4173:Rubinstein 1999
4171:
4167:
4159:
4155:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4111:
4107:
4099:
4095:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4063:
4059:
4050:
4048:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4026:
4022:
4014:
4010:
4002:
3998:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3962:
3954:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3834:
3830:
3822:
3818:
3809:
3807:
3800:
3784:
3780:
3771:
3769:
3762:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3686:
3678:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3636:
3629:
3621:
3619:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3583:
3575:. M.E. Sharpe.
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3546:thediplomat.com
3538:
3534:
3526:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3420:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3249:
3247:
3240:
3224:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3187:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3159:
3157:
3150:
3134:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3083:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3036:
3032:
3026:Clements (2004)
3024:
3020:
3010:Campbell (1903)
3008:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2986:Campbell (1903)
2984:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2941:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2903:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2834:van Veen (2003)
2832:
2828:
2820:
2811:
2805:Shepherd (1993)
2803:
2799:
2793:van Veen (2003)
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2732:, pp. 2–9.
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2687:Wayback Machine
2672:
2668:
2656:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2499:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2419:古代の奄美・沖縄諸島と国際社会
2415:
2411:
2405:
2391:
2387:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2340:
2302:Lockheed Martin
2208:democratization
2204:
2194:
2169:As part of the
2118:
2104:
2099:
2059:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1948:Kobayashi jiken
1932:Seirai-an jiken
1871:Taifun Incident
1832:
1805:Tapani Incident
1801:Saisiyat people
1762:
1669:
1663:
1650:
1644:
1623:
1595:Sino-French War
1591:
1539:Sino-French War
1523:
1521:Sino-French War
1465:
1415:
1367:
1320:First Opium War
1312:Lord Palmerston
1303:
1290:guihua shengfan
1281:
1247:
1223:
1198:
1157:
1151:
1083:
1077:
1037:
1032:
976:
970:
906:Zheng Chenggong
890:
885:
879:
824:Zheng Chenggong
809:
793:
738:
732:
698:
682:Anping District
662:Fengguiwei Fort
650:Battle of Macau
623:
618:
612:
442:
436:
434:Early conflicts
412:Chiang Kai-shek
365:Empire of Japan
337:Taiwan Province
290:
254:
252:
91:Spanish Formosa
42:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8065:
8055:
8054:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8021:
8009:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7989:
7988:
7986:
7985:
7980:
7979:
7978:
7968:
7966:Taiwanese wave
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7906:Glove puppetry
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7862:
7860:
7854:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7838:Taiwan studies
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7793:
7783:
7777:
7775:
7771:
7770:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7643:
7641:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7597:
7591:
7589:
7580:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7552:
7547:
7541:
7539:
7533:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7523:
7520:
7517:
7513:
7505:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7485:Transportation
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7460:Taiwan Miracle
7457:
7455:Stock exchange
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7414:
7409:
7408:
7407:
7402:
7392:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7375:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7352:
7350:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7283:Chinese Taipei
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7238:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7216:
7214:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7188:Vice President
7185:
7180:
7170:
7165:
7164:
7163:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7126:
7121:
7120:
7119:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7086:
7084:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7050:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7012:National parks
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6954:
6952:
6948:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6937:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6837:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6815:
6814:
6803:
6802:
6795:
6788:
6780:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6757:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6713:
6711:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6672:
6670:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6412:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6362:
6346:
6337:
6331:
6325:, SUNY Press,
6318:
6312:
6306:, SUNY Press,
6299:
6290:
6281:
6275:
6262:
6253:
6244:
6236:
6227:
6198:
6189:
6180:
6172:
6164:
6151:
6138:
6129:
6120:
6114:
6101:
6095:
6082:
6073:
6064:(2): 167–180,
6053:
6044:
6026:(2): 257–281,
6015:
6009:
5996:
5975:
5969:
5946:
5938:
5930:
5921:
5912:
5890:
5885:978-0786474707
5884:
5871:
5865:
5852:
5846:
5833:
5825:
5817:
5815:on 2012-04-18.
5787:
5773:
5755:
5733:
5725:
5719:
5706:
5692:
5675:
5661:
5644:
5638:
5622:
5613:
5600:
5587:
5574:
5561:
5548:
5536:Andrade, Tonio
5532:
5527:
5514:
5509:
5496:
5490:
5476:Andrade, Tonio
5470:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5437:
5411:
5385:
5357:
5329:
5293:
5267:
5241:
5234:
5214:
5187:
5181:978-0190601126
5180:
5174:. p. 80.
5154:
5128:
5114:
5102:
5090:
5088:, p. 327.
5078:
5063:
5051:
5025:
5023:, p. 182.
5013:
4982:
4951:
4944:
4925:
4900:
4885:
4883:, p. 235.
4873:
4854:
4842:
4840:, p. 193.
4830:
4818:
4816:, p. 106.
4806:
4787:
4768:
4761:
4744:
4725:
4705:
4693:
4674:
4655:
4636:
4624:
4600:
4588:
4586:, p. 113.
4576:
4574:, p. 134.
4564:
4557:
4538:
4531:
4512:
4486:
4484:, p. 115.
4471:
4454:
4442:
4409:
4394:
4392:, p. 515.
4382:
4359:Dawley, Evan.
4351:
4349:, p. 110.
4339:
4337:, p. 208.
4327:
4325:, p. 561.
4315:
4303:
4301:, p. 207.
4288:
4276:
4259:
4247:
4245:, p. 514.
4232:
4201:
4199:, p. 191.
4189:
4177:
4165:
4153:
4151:, p. 162.
4141:
4129:
4117:
4105:
4093:
4081:
4069:
4067:, p. 138.
4057:
4032:
4020:
4008:
4006:, p. 130.
3996:
3994:, p. 132.
3984:
3982:, p. 129.
3972:
3960:
3958:, p. 270.
3948:
3936:
3924:
3912:
3900:
3888:
3876:
3874:, p. 123.
3864:
3852:
3840:
3838:, p. 119.
3828:
3816:
3798:
3778:
3760:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3699:, p. 225.
3697:Standaert 2022
3684:
3669:
3634:
3597:
3581:
3563:
3532:
3530:, p. 106.
3520:
3508:
3506:, p. 228.
3504:Twitchett 2002
3493:
3481:
3469:
3457:
3445:
3433:
3418:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3338:, p. 146.
3336:Twitchett 2002
3328:
3316:
3314:, p. 157.
3304:
3292:
3280:
3278:, p. 138.
3268:
3256:
3239:978-1316453841
3238:
3218:
3206:
3199:
3178:
3176:, p. 109.
3166:
3148:
3128:
3126:, p. 106.
3116:
3114:, p. 110.
3104:
3098:978-1316453841
3097:
3077:
3075:, p. 207.
3065:
3030:
3018:
3002:
3000:, p. 138.
2990:
2988:, p. 544.
2978:
2966:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2901:
2889:
2870:Lee, Yuchung.
2862:
2850:
2838:
2836:, p. 149.
2826:
2809:
2797:
2795:, p. 142.
2785:
2773:
2761:
2746:
2734:
2722:
2690:
2666:
2650:
2638:
2636:, p. 178.
2626:
2597:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2479:
2467:
2455:
2443:
2431:
2409:
2403:
2397:, SUNY Press,
2385:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2324:guard mounting
2236:Following the
2193:
2190:
2135:announced the
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2058:
2055:
1999:
1996:
1984:
1981:
1952:Musha incident
1884:Taivoan people
1848:Musha Incident
1831:
1828:
1797:Beipu uprising
1737:Koo Hsien-jung
1731:soldiers from
1691:on 29 May and
1665:Main article:
1662:
1659:
1643:
1640:
1622:
1619:
1590:
1587:
1559:Amédée Courbet
1529:Evacuation of
1522:
1519:
1464:
1461:
1453:Ryukyu Kingdom
1445:Mudan incident
1423:Ryukyu Islands
1414:
1413:Mudan incident
1411:
1366:
1365:Rover incident
1363:
1302:
1299:
1280:
1277:
1246:
1243:
1222:
1219:
1197:
1194:
1150:
1147:
1120:Kangxi Emperor
1105:Zheng Keshuang
1079:Main article:
1076:
1073:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1005:Geng Jingzhong
972:Main article:
969:
966:
934:and commander
889:
886:
878:
875:
817:Fort Zeelandia
808:
805:
801:attacked Sakam
792:
789:
785:second assault
734:Main article:
731:
730:Spanish colony
728:
697:
694:
686:Fort Zeelandia
622:
619:
611:
608:
528:Ryukyu Kingdom
493:Penghu Islands
478:Okinawa Island
450:Three Kingdoms
435:
432:
416:mainland China
377:Southeast Asia
292:
291:
289:
288:
281:
274:
266:
263:
262:
249:
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241:
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223:
222:
221:
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202:
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196:
195:
194:
189:
184:
179:
177:Historiography
174:
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156:
155:
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150:
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143:
137:
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133:
127:
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63:
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55:
47:
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37:
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29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7931:Night markets
7929:
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7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
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7779:
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7776:
7772:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7756:Sign Language
7754:
7750:
7749:Matsu dialect
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7731:
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7636:
7628:
7625:
7623:
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7615:
7614:
7613:
7610:
7606:
7605:Ethnic groups
7603:
7602:
7601:
7598:
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7593:
7592:
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7413:
7410:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7393:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7383:List of banks
7381:
7380:
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7376:
7374:
7371:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7357:
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7132:
7131:
7130:
7127:
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7118:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7107:Civil defense
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7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6973:Deforestation
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6902:Guanbi policy
6900:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6862:Dutch Formosa
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6841:
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6833:
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6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6691:South Ossetia
6689:
6687:
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6682:
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6677:
6674:
6673:
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6657:
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6409:
6405:
6396:
6391:
6389:
6384:
6382:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6365:
6363:957-08-1826-3
6359:
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6199:
6195:
6190:
6186:
6181:
6178:
6173:
6170:
6165:
6163:
6162:957-638-311-0
6159:
6154:
6148:
6144:
6139:
6135:
6130:
6126:
6121:
6117:
6115:9781472576729
6111:
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5807:
5803:
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5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5774:957-638-377-3
5770:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
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5734:
5731:
5726:
5722:
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5712:
5707:
5704:
5703:957-99767-7-5
5700:
5695:
5693:957-99767-2-4
5689:
5685:
5681:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5662:9789867602008
5658:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5641:
5639:0-936127-09-0
5635:
5631:
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5506:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5451:
5450:aljazeera.com
5447:
5441:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5400:
5396:
5389:
5374:
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5368:
5361:
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5345:
5340:
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5318:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5297:
5282:
5278:
5271:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5237:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5218:
5202:
5201:aljazeera.com
5198:
5195:Law, Violet.
5191:
5183:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5158:
5143:
5142:Asahi Shimbun
5139:
5132:
5124:
5118:
5111:
5106:
5099:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5075:
5070:
5068:
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5029:
5022:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4986:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4955:
4947:
4945:9781783086887
4941:
4937:
4936:
4929:
4915:on 2007-05-14
4914:
4910:
4904:
4897:
4892:
4890:
4882:
4877:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4858:
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4732:
4728:
4722:
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4709:
4702:
4697:
4690:
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4683:
4678:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4640:
4633:
4628:
4617:
4610:
4604:
4597:
4592:
4585:
4580:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4558:9781135790394
4554:
4550:
4549:
4542:
4534:
4532:9781780239521
4528:
4524:
4523:
4516:
4501:. p. 113
4497:
4490:
4483:
4478:
4476:
4468:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4451:
4446:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4407:, p. 56.
4406:
4401:
4399:
4391:
4386:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4343:
4336:
4331:
4324:
4323:Davidson 1903
4319:
4313:, p. 95.
4312:
4307:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4285:
4284:Morris (2002)
4280:
4273:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4256:
4251:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4193:
4187:, p. 65.
4186:
4181:
4174:
4169:
4162:
4157:
4150:
4145:
4138:
4133:
4126:
4121:
4114:
4109:
4102:
4097:
4090:
4085:
4078:
4073:
4066:
4061:
4047:on 2010-12-12
4046:
4042:
4036:
4029:
4024:
4017:
4012:
4005:
4000:
3993:
3988:
3981:
3976:
3969:
3964:
3957:
3952:
3945:
3940:
3933:
3928:
3921:
3916:
3910:, p. 52.
3909:
3904:
3897:
3892:
3886:, p. 50.
3885:
3880:
3873:
3868:
3861:
3856:
3849:
3844:
3837:
3832:
3826:, p. 56.
3825:
3820:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3782:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3742:
3734:
3729:
3723:, p. 56.
3722:
3717:
3711:, p. 83.
3710:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3601:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3582:9781563248467
3578:
3574:
3567:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3524:
3518:, p. 91.
3517:
3512:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3490:
3485:
3478:
3473:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3419:9780810836655
3415:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3385:
3380:
3373:
3368:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3332:
3325:
3320:
3313:
3308:
3301:
3296:
3289:
3284:
3277:
3272:
3265:
3260:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3200:9780765614957
3196:
3192:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3170:
3156:on 2016-08-17
3155:
3151:
3149:9789576387050
3145:
3141:
3140:
3132:
3125:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3074:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2987:
2982:
2976:, p. 63.
2975:
2970:
2963:
2962:Andrade 2008j
2958:
2956:
2948:
2947:Andrade 2008i
2943:
2936:
2935:Andrade 2008h
2931:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2897:Andrade 2008g
2893:
2882:September 29,
2877:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2858:Everts (2000)
2854:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2822:Andrade 2008b
2818:
2816:
2814:
2807:, p. 37.
2806:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2757:Davidson 1903
2753:
2751:
2743:
2742:Andrade 2008a
2738:
2731:
2726:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2677:Gregory Smits
2675:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2647:
2646:Thompson 1964
2642:
2635:
2634:Thompson 1964
2630:
2623:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2477:, p. 86.
2476:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2447:
2440:
2435:
2424:
2413:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2242:civil defense
2239:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:Seediq people
1956:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:Kōsenpo jiken
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1836:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1799:by Hakka and
1798:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1717:Tang Jingsong
1714:
1711:force led by
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1673:
1668:
1654:
1649:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1599:Liu Mingchuan
1596:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1547:Liu Mingchuan
1544:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1428:Paiwan people
1424:
1420:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:Paiwan people
1383:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1305:By 1831, the
1298:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1267:Zhuluo County
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Lin Shuangwen
1252:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:in November.
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1030:Qing invasion
1027:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
985:
980:
975:
965:
962:
958:
957:Great Britain
954:
948:
946:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
913:
911:
907:
899:
894:
884:
874:
872:
867:
865:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
818:
813:
804:
802:
798:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
767:
766:Dutch Formosa
762:
760:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:Cape Santiago
737:
727:
723:
719:
716:
711:
702:
693:
689:
687:
683:
680:(present-day
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
652:in 1622, the
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
621:Early contact
617:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:In 1616, the
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
572:
568:
567:Chiayi County
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
475:
474:
469:
465:
461:
460:
455:
451:
447:
441:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
328:(1673–1681).
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:Ming-Qing War
311:
307:
303:
299:
287:
282:
280:
275:
273:
268:
267:
265:
264:
261:
251:
250:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
230:
229:
225:
224:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
204:
203:
199:
198:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
159:
158:
157:
153:
152:
144:
142:
139:
138:
134:
132:
131:Japanese rule
129:
128:
124:
122:
119:
118:
114:
112:
109:
108:
104:
102:
99:
98:
94:
92:
89:
88:
84:
82:
81:Dutch Formosa
79:
78:
74:
72:
69:
68:
65:
64:
61:
60:Chronological
58:
57:
53:
49:
48:
45:
39:
38:
33:
28:
27:
22:
8028:
8016:
8004:
7833:Superlatives
7818:Prostitution
7781:Architecture
7587:Demographics
7388:Central bank
7366:Floriculture
7263:Conscription
7160:
7141:Intelligence
7129:Human rights
7112:Constitution
7027:Superlatives
7022:Scenic areas
6907:White Terror
6706:Dependencies
6695:
6636:Turkmenistan
6601:Saudi Arabia
6350:
6341:
6322:
6303:
6294:
6285:
6266:
6257:
6248:
6240:
6231:
6206:
6202:
6193:
6184:
6176:
6168:
6142:
6133:
6127:, De Gruyter
6124:
6105:
6086:
6077:
6061:
6057:
6048:
6023:
6019:
6000:
5986:(2): 73–95.
5983:
5979:
5950:
5942:
5934:
5925:
5916:
5898:
5875:
5856:
5837:
5829:
5821:
5810:the original
5805:
5801:
5763:
5741:
5729:
5710:
5679:
5652:
5629:
5617:
5608:
5595:
5582:
5569:
5556:
5543:
5518:
5500:
5480:
5469:Bibliography
5454:. Retrieved
5452:. Al Jazeera
5449:
5440:
5428:. Retrieved
5424:
5414:
5402:. Retrieved
5398:
5388:
5376:. Retrieved
5370:
5360:
5348:. Retrieved
5344:The Guardian
5342:
5332:
5320:. Retrieved
5306:
5296:
5284:. Retrieved
5281:Focus Taiwan
5280:
5270:
5258:. Retrieved
5254:Taipei Times
5253:
5244:
5224:
5217:
5205:. Retrieved
5203:. Al Jazeera
5200:
5190:
5163:
5157:
5145:. Retrieved
5141:
5131:
5117:
5105:
5093:
5081:
5054:
5042:. Retrieved
5039:Taipei Times
5038:
5028:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
4995:
4985:
4973:. Retrieved
4964:
4954:
4934:
4928:
4917:. Retrieved
4913:the original
4903:
4876:
4857:
4845:
4833:
4826:Ching (2001)
4821:
4814:Matsuda 2019
4809:
4795:ed. Cox 1930
4790:
4776:ed. Lin 1995
4771:
4752:
4747:
4735:. Retrieved
4715:
4708:
4696:
4677:
4658:
4639:
4627:
4616:the original
4603:
4591:
4579:
4567:
4547:
4541:
4521:
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4489:
4445:
4434:. Retrieved
4421:
4412:
4390:Zhang (1998)
4385:
4373:. Retrieved
4364:
4354:
4342:
4330:
4318:
4306:
4279:
4255:Matsuda 2019
4250:
4243:Zhang (1998)
4223:. Retrieved
4214:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4084:
4072:
4060:
4049:. Retrieved
4045:the original
4035:
4023:
4011:
3999:
3987:
3975:
3963:
3956:Leung (1983)
3951:
3939:
3927:
3920:Barclay 2018
3915:
3908:Barclay 2018
3903:
3896:Barclay 2018
3891:
3884:Barclay 2018
3879:
3867:
3855:
3843:
3831:
3824:Barclay 2018
3819:
3808:. Retrieved
3788:
3781:
3770:. Retrieved
3750:
3728:
3716:
3704:
3662:27 September
3660:. Retrieved
3620:. Retrieved
3616:the original
3611:
3600:
3572:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3545:
3535:
3523:
3511:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3436:
3409:
3403:
3391:
3379:
3367:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3271:
3259:
3248:. Retrieved
3228:
3221:
3209:
3190:
3169:
3158:. Retrieved
3154:the original
3138:
3131:
3119:
3107:
3087:
3080:
3073:Andrade 2016
3068:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3021:
3005:
2998:Andrade 2011
2993:
2981:
2969:
2942:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2915:Taipei Times
2914:
2904:
2892:
2880:. Retrieved
2876:the original
2865:
2853:
2841:
2829:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2737:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2709:the original
2702:
2693:
2673:
2669:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2621:
2614:. Retrieved
2609:
2600:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2552:Andrade 2008
2547:
2535:
2523:
2518:, p. 8.
2511:
2500:. Retrieved
2491:
2482:
2470:
2465:, p. 6.
2458:
2446:
2439:Isorena 2004
2434:
2422:
2412:
2394:
2388:
2379:
2373:
2321:
2310:
2297:
2273:
2262:Tsai Ing-wen
2259:
2247:Kuma Academy
2235:
2216:
2205:
2178:
2168:
2148:Rikichi Andō
2145:
2119:
2091:
2085:part in the
2083:
2079:
2068:
2047:forced labor
2040:
2001:
1983:World War II
1957:
1947:
1931:
1914:to Kōsen in
1903:
1881:
1864:
1852:
1794:
1779:
1747:
1686:
1678:
1624:
1615:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1536:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1494:
1489:Li Hongzhang
1482:
1449:
1441:
1432:
1416:
1407:
1403:
1399:was ambushed
1394:
1378:
1376:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1323:
1317:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1285:Yilan County
1282:
1270:
1248:
1224:
1213:
1207:
1199:
1191:of 1787–1788
1140:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1109:Zheng Kezang
1102:
1099:
1095:Qing dynasty
1069:
1060:
1049:
1025:
1021:
989:
949:
929:
924:
914:
903:
896:Portrait of
868:
863:
855:Dutch colony
848:
836:Ming dynasty
832:Beijing fell
822:
794:
771:launched an
763:
739:
724:
720:
715:Pieter Nuyts
707:
690:
677:
643:
631:Ilha Formosa
630:
624:
589:
584:
575:
561:and fled to
553:pirate from
540:
504:Yuan dynasty
501:
485:Song dynasty
482:
471:
457:
443:
396:World War II
393:
385:World War II
357:ceded Taiwan
354:
330:
322:Qing dynasty
306:Ming dynasty
297:
295:
186:
145:1945–present
7976:tea culture
7941:Photography
7627:Waishengren
7361:Aquaculture
7356:Agriculture
7134:LGBT rights
6992:Hot springs
6978:Earthquakes
6912:Martial law
6765:Asia portal
6666:States with
6586:Philippines
6526:South Korea
6521:North Korea
6416:Afghanistan
6344:, Routledge
6209:: 163–204.
6051:, Greenwood
5960:10125/62865
5791:Chang, K.C.
5404:21 December
5350:22 December
5286:22 December
5260:22 December
5147:20 December
5044:19 December
5006:21 December
4737:October 29,
4505:11 November
4467:Katz (2005)
4347:Brooks 2000
4149:Gordon 2007
4137:Gordon 2007
4125:Gordon 2007
4113:Gordon 2007
4101:Gordon 2007
4089:Gordon 2007
3622:28 February
2920:20 December
2781:Blussé 2000
2769:Blussé 2000
2032:Philippines
1977:World War 2
1810:Chiang Ting
1782:millenarian
1771:Tongmenghui
1763: [
1537:During the
1208:During the
1167:, 1787–1788
986:(1673–1681)
602:. Due to a
543:Lin Daoqian
524:Kublai Khan
520:Han Chinese
502:During the
489:Han Chinese
483:During the
464:Sui dynasty
459:Book of Sui
408:primary aim
381:the Pacific
349:Han Chinese
324:during the
172:Educational
41:History of
7936:Philosophy
7911:Literature
7808:Healthcare
7667:Kanakanavu
7419:(currency)
7328:Two Chinas
7200:Propaganda
7168:Parliament
7102:Censorship
7076:Government
7054:Government
6840:Prehistory
6646:Uzbekistan
6621:Tajikistan
6536:Kyrgyzstan
6516:Kazakhstan
6436:Bangladesh
6426:Azerbaijan
6297:, Springer
6288:, Springer
5682:, Taipei:
5322:10 October
4919:2006-08-06
4852:, p. 1139.
4703:, p. 1004.
4691:, p. 1004.
4663:Crook 2014
4653:, p. 1004.
4482:Price 2019
4436:2014-12-22
4405:Chang 2003
4051:2010-08-01
3810:2018-08-06
3772:2016-01-13
3556:1 December
3250:2019-05-26
3160:2016-10-06
3046:(2): 357.
3012:, p.
2516:Knapp 1980
2502:2023-12-19
2492:澎湖縣政府全球資訊網
2475:Wills 2007
2365:References
2206:Following
2196:See also:
2152:Kuomintang
2106:See also:
1987:See also:
1973:poison gas
1968:Mona Rudao
1876:Rōnō River
1815:Andō Teibi
1775:Kuomintang
1760:Luo Fuxing
1713:Liu Yongfu
1709:Black Flag
1646:See also:
1593:After the
1563:Krupp guns
1553:bombarded
1502:Saigō Jūdō
1259:Fuk'anggan
1153:See also:
1113:Feng Xifan
910:Zheng Jing
898:Zheng Jing
881:See also:
797:Guo Huaiyi
773:expedition
670:driven out
646:Portuguese
614:See also:
600:silk trade
454:Eastern Wu
438:See also:
394:Following
192:Television
71:Prehistory
7866:Animation
7828:Squatting
7803:Education
7639:Languages
7395:Companies
7173:President
7124:Elections
7032:Volcanoes
7007:Mountains
6951:Overviews
6941:Geography
6732:Hong Kong
6686:Palestine
6611:Sri Lanka
6606:Singapore
6486:Indonesia
6040:144573801
5751:644323041
5671:14547859M
5538:(2008a),
5430:6 January
5317:0099-9660
5110:Chen 2001
5098:Chen 2001
5086:Shih 2022
5074:Chen 2001
5059:Chen 2001
5021:Chen 2001
4584:Wang 2000
4572:Tsai 2009
4311:Wang 2006
4077:Wong 2022
4065:Wong 2022
4028:Wong 2022
4016:Wong 2022
4004:Wong 2022
3992:Wong 2022
3980:Wong 2022
3944:Wong 2022
3932:Wong 2022
3872:Wong 2022
3860:Wong 2022
3848:Wong 2022
3836:Wong 2022
3489:Wong 2017
3477:Wong 2017
3465:Wong 2017
3453:Wong 2017
3441:Wong 2017
3396:Wong 2017
3384:Wong 2017
3372:Wong 2017
3360:Wong 2017
3348:Wong 2017
3324:Wong 2017
3312:Wong 2017
3300:Wong 2017
3288:Wong 2017
3276:Wong 2017
3264:Wong 2017
3214:Wong 2017
3174:Wong 2017
3124:Wong 2017
3112:Wong 2017
2592:225283565
2576:: 17–42.
2540:Hang 2015
2426:古代中世の境界領域
2306:torpedoes
2270:Kaohsiung
2266:submarine
2217:When the
2154:official
2051:Jinguashi
1936:Kobayashi
1926:: 西来庵事件,
1898:: 甲仙埔事件,
1697:Guangdong
1395:Cormorant
1301:Opium War
1251:Tiandihui
1230:Kaohsiung
1226:Zhu Yigui
1203:Zhangzhou
1013:Zhangzhou
871:Zeelandia
844:Guangdong
625:In 1542,
585:Dongfanji
452:state of
355:The Qing
352:devices.
208:Kaohsiung
135:1895–1945
115:1683–1895
111:Qing rule
105:1662–1683
95:1626–1642
85:1624–1662
8046:Category
8006:Category
7961:T-Beauty
7946:Religion
7901:Gambling
7734:Mandarin
7702:Sakizaya
7697:Saisiyat
7559:proposed
7465:Taxation
7435:Forestry
7288:Dang Guo
7230:Counties
7156:Military
7081:politics
7059:Politics
6811:articles
6755:Category
6676:Abkhazia
6626:Thailand
6581:Pakistan
6561:Mongolia
6556:Maldives
6551:Malaysia
6451:Cambodia
6223:40726116
6194:台灣人四百年史
6070:41933619
5992:29792550
5908:6931635M
5896:(1903).
5793:(1989),
5783:7051071M
5761:(1915),
5739:(1903).
5478:(2008).
5425:Newsweek
5378:29 April
5372:NBC News
5000:Archived
4969:Archived
4965:BBC News
4871:, p. 19.
4865:Archived
4804:, p. 94.
4798:Archived
4785:, p. 84.
4779:Archived
4731:Archived
4685:Archived
4672:, p. 16.
4666:Archived
4647:Archived
4430:Archived
4369:Archived
4219:Archived
3804:Archived
3766:Archived
3656:Archived
3550:Archived
3244:Archived
3060:57527820
2715:12 April
2683:Archived
2554:, ch. 6.
2528:Hsu 1980
2496:Archived
2463:Hsu 1980
2451:Liu 2012
2338:See also
2294:blockade
2133:Hirohito
1942:: 小林事件,
1940:Japanese
1924:Japanese
1896:Japanese
1867:Raho Ari
1611:province
1570:forces.
1419:Ryukyuan
1350:Nerbudda
1340:Nerbudda
1324:Nerbudda
1239:Shi Lang
1210:Qianlong
1052:Shi Lang
1050:Admiral
1044:Shi Lang
1035:Shi Lang
1017:Chaozhou
1009:Quanzhou
996:Zhejiang
936:Shi Lang
932:Haicheng
571:Yan Siqi
559:Yu Dayou
555:Chaozhou
547:Lin Feng
532:Quanzhou
430:forces.
426:and its
398:and the
234:Timeline
187:Military
167:Economic
162:Cultural
32:a series
30:Part of
8030:Outline
7951:Smoking
7881:Cuisine
7858:Culture
7774:Society
7761:Braille
7729:Sinitic
7672:Kavalan
7526:Culture
7522:Society
7480:Tourism
7475:Textile
7417:Dollar
7400:Largest
7378:Banking
7348:Economy
7095:Premier
7090:Cabinet
7064:Economy
6997:Islands
6968:Climate
6958:Beaches
6824:History
6651:Vietnam
6566:Myanmar
6546:Lebanon
6476:Georgia
6431:Bahrain
6421:Armenia
6187:, Brill
5651:(ed.).
5456:14 July
5207:14 July
4975:15 June
4838:Ye 2019
4596:Su 1980
4375:10 June
4185:Ye 2019
4161:Ye 2019
3968:Ye 2019
3733:Ye 2019
3721:Ye 2019
3709:Li 2019
3680:Li 2019
3591:979742M
3528:Ye 2019
3516:Ye 2019
2616:16 July
2300:uses a
2278:Chinese
2229:." The
2156:Chen Yi
2130:Emperor
2036:Myanmar
1964:camphor
1944:Hepburn
1928:Hepburn
1900:Hepburn
1823:Jiasian
1733:Guangxi
1689:Keelung
1638:years.
1607:Taitung
1555:Keelung
1531:Keelung
1457:Shō Tai
1328:lascars
1089:Map of
953:Keelung
921:sea ban
864:Luermen
830:. When
828:Nanjing
819:in 1662
781:Keelung
777:Spanish
775:on the
759:vassals
746:Keelung
648:at the
635:malaria
604:typhoon
577:Chen Di
563:Beigang
508:Chinese
497:Visayas
410:of the
383:during
363:to the
335:(later
310:Koxinga
154:Topical
75:to 1624
8018:Portal
7956:Sports
7876:Cinema
7707:Seediq
7692:Saaroa
7682:Puyuma
7677:Paiwan
7657:Atayal
7622:Hakkas
7617:Hoklos
7579:People
7565:Flower
7550:Emblem
7545:Anthem
7519:People
7445:Mining
7430:Energy
7235:Cities
7017:Rivers
6963:Cities
6809:
6807:Taiwan
6696:Taiwan
6631:Turkey
6596:Russia
6531:Kuwait
6511:Jordan
6501:Israel
6461:Cyprus
6446:Brunei
6441:Bhutan
6360:
6354:中華民國史稿
6329:
6310:
6273:
6221:
6160:
6149:
6112:
6093:
6068:
6038:
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5690:
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5507:
5488:
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5168:Oxford
4942:
4759:
4723:
4555:
4529:
4225:10 May
3796:
3758:
3589:
3579:
3428:39088M
3426:
3416:
3236:
3197:
3146:
3095:
3058:
2661:
2606:"閩海贈言"
2590:
2488:"歷史沿革"
2401:
2298:Haikun
2296:. The
2280::
2274:Haikun
2223:Taiwan
2114:, and
2020:Hainan
1912:Tainan
1856:Atayal
1819:Tapani
1742:Tainan
1701:Taipei
1693:Tamsui
1627:Penghu
1603:Tainan
1580:Penghu
1567:Tamsui
1430:were.
1356:—were
1336:Nimrod
1332:Tainan
1272:Chiayi
1214:shufan
1177:Zhuluo
1143:Magong
1136:Bazhao
1091:Penghu
1064:Xiamen
992:Ryukyu
945:Kinmen
940:Tongan
925:haijin
917:Xiamen
859:Kinmen
851:Xiamen
840:Xiamen
678:Tayuan
666:Magong
658:Penghu
516:Penghu
510::
473:Ryukyu
468:Liuqiu
446:Yizhou
361:Penghu
302:Taiwan
239:Rulers
213:Taipei
43:Taiwan
34:on the
7926:Opera
7921:Music
7916:Media
7896:Drama
7848:Women
7786:Crime
7744:Hakka
7687:Rukai
7662:Bunun
7570:Seals
7002:Lakes
6737:Macau
6656:Yemen
6616:Syria
6591:Qatar
6571:Nepal
6506:Japan
6481:India
6471:Egypt
6456:China
6219:JSTOR
6066:JSTOR
6036:S2CID
5988:JSTOR
5813:(PDF)
5802:Kaogu
5798:(PDF)
4619:(PDF)
4612:(PDF)
3595:p. 10
3056:S2CID
2588:S2CID
2028:Luzon
1916:Takao
1908:Tamai
1888:Kōsen
1886:from
1860:Bunun
1767:]
1755:Hakka
1436:Hakka
1391:Takau
1379:Rover
1265:gave
1234:Hakka
710:Sakam
639:Macau
581:Wokou
551:Hakka
536:China
226:Lists
200:Local
7885:wine
7722:Yami
7717:Tsou
7712:Thao
7652:Amis
7612:Hans
7555:Flag
7079:and
6576:Oman
6541:Laos
6496:Iraq
6491:Iran
6358:ISBN
6327:ISBN
6308:ISBN
6271:ISBN
6158:ISBN
6147:ISBN
6110:ISBN
6091:ISBN
6005:ISBN
5965:ISBN
5880:ISBN
5861:ISBN
5842:ISBN
5769:ISBN
5747:OCLC
5715:ISBN
5699:ISBN
5697:and
5688:ISBN
5657:ISBN
5634:ISBN
5523:ISBN
5505:ISBN
5486:ISBN
5458:2024
5432:2024
5406:2023
5380:2022
5352:2023
5324:2022
5313:ISSN
5288:2023
5262:2023
5230:ISBN
5209:2024
5176:ISBN
5149:2023
5046:2023
5008:2020
4977:2021
4940:ISBN
4757:ISBN
4739:2020
4721:ISBN
4553:ISBN
4527:ISBN
4507:2015
4377:2021
4227:2021
3794:ISBN
3756:ISBN
3664:2022
3624:2021
3577:ISBN
3558:2020
3414:ISBN
3234:ISBN
3195:ISBN
3144:ISBN
3093:ISBN
2922:2023
2884:2012
2717:2018
2659:ISBN
2618:2023
2399:ISBN
2249:and
2200:and
1991:and
1858:and
1821:and
1727:and
1011:and
545:and
379:and
359:and
296:The
182:LGBT
125:1895
7971:Tea
7871:Art
7146:Law
6708:and
6211:doi
6028:doi
5955:hdl
5399:BBC
3626:.
3048:doi
3044:145
3014:482
2578:doi
2162:’s
1998:War
1910:in
1753:by
1729:Yue
1354:Ann
1345:Ann
938:of
672:by
664:in
534:in
512:巡檢司
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