1746:
1107:
1687:
7528:
969:
896:
6295:
7689:
5097:
147:
5103:
595:
4480:
1528:
6311:
7535:
4485:
744:
7701:
3939:
7541:
466:
3947:
610:, Borja Holgado, and Juliana M. Sayão, Italian Fabio M. Dalla Vecchia, and Lebanese Roy Nohra (Kellner and Dalla Vecchia had previously done fieldwork in Lebanon together). In interviews, the researchers expressed pleasure in the specimen being returned to Lebanon, where it can be used for education and research, and in having the opportunity to collaborate internationally. In 2019, Kellner and colleagues named the new
3954:
6303:
114:
1724:, also named for the MIM Museum) and a beetle were reported by the Lebanese palaeontologist Dany Azar and colleagues in 2019, showing that Hjoula does have potential for preserving insects. The describers pointed out that it is unusual to find only large insect fossils in marine outcrops, but noted that quarry workers at Hjoula are used to collecting larger fossils, such as fish, so
1071:. These researchers characterised mimodactylids by features such as cone-shaped teeth in the upper jaws, crowns slightly compressed sideways, the articular surfaces of the coracoids that connected with the sternum being slightly concave, and widely spaced teeth confined to the front half of the jaws. Kellner and colleagues found Mimodactylidae to be most closely related to
1774:
during the middle
Cenomanian, which bordered the northeastern part of the Afro-Arabian continent with the Neotethys ocean, but some small islands were exposed. Deposits of the Hjoula outcrops are marine, but terrestrial fossils indicate that it was close to a palaeoshore during the late Cenomanian.
649:
at the back of the skull and the jaw joint flattened. The holotype is the first complete and articulated pterosaur specimen known from the Afro-Arabian continent, which had otherwise only yielded a few fragmentary specimens. The previous most completely known pterosaur specimens from the continent
1736:
in favour of preserving strong fliers. These researchers stated that although the Hjoula outcrop represents a marine environment, fossils of terrestrial organisms (including the then newly discovered insects and pterosaurs) indicate they were deposited close to a shoreline during the early late
1014:
of the wing-finger; the humerus is unique in being less than half the length of the second phalanx. The first wing phalanx is 128 mm (5.0 in) long, the second 119 mm (4.7 in), the third 105 mm (4.1 in), and the fourth 92 mm (3.6 in). The outer part of the
582:
lacked the technology needed to prepare the fossil material in a way that would most effectively reveal information from the specimen. The specimen spent about eight years at the
University of Alberta, where it was prepared, assembled, and studied. Subsequently, the owner of the quarry sold the
1022:
is rather large, and longer than the humerus at 53 mm (2.1 in). The pteroid clearly articulated with the proximal syncarpal and pointed towards the body; the position of the pteroid in pterosaurs had been a point of contention among researchers, but was settled due to the perfect
815:
is small, with an almost circular cross-section, and the following teeth are the largest of the upper jaw, and have slightly sideways compressed crowns with a cingulum, convex outer surfaces, and thin, needle-like tips which are inclined inwards.
711:(growth) stage between stages 2 and 3 out of 6, according to a system for determining the age of pterosaur fossils devised by Kellner in 2015 (some bones of vertebrate animals fuse at different rates as they age). The adult size of
1650:
was described, and fossils of terrestrial plants are very rare at Hjoula. This indicated to
Kellner and colleagues that the area was very far from land, and the continent several hundreds of kilometres away. They stated that
396:
The holotype specimen is comparatively small, with a wingspan of 1.32 metres (4.3 ft), and was probably a young individual. Its snout is broad and the cone-shaped teeth are confined to the front half of the jaws. The
930:
of the tail are visible, which lack a duplex centrum, and quickly diminish in size towards the rear, indicating that the tail of this species was very short. The cristospine (central crest) on the underside of the
772:, the group they both belonged to. The upper jaws have eleven cone-shaped teeth on each side, and the lower jaws have ten on each side, and the teeth are confined to the front half of the jaws, as in the related
1577:
differs from all of these, Kellner and colleagues suggested in 2019 that it probably had different feeding habits. Insectivorous species often have slim teeth that can more easily break down
618:; the generic name refers to the MIM Museum, in recognition of where the specimen is housed and according to the wishes of the philanthropist who acquired the specimen, combined with the
1000:) in being rectangular, and has an unusual, straight, lower edge. This crest extends 40% of the humeral shaft's length, more than what is seen in all other ornithocheiroids, except
1035:(lower-leg bone) is 60 mm (2.4 in) long. As in istiodactylids, the feet are relatively small. The exact combination of its various anatomical features also distinguishes
645:. The skeleton is well-preserved and mostly articulated, with some bones slightly displaced from their anatomical position; the skull and lower jaw are exposed from below, and the
1766:
is known from the
Sannine Formation in Hjoula, Lebanon, which is dated to the late Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous, about 95 million years ago. This age was determined via
953:(shoulder blade) is 29 mm (1.1 in) long. It is stout and has a constricted shaft, as in istiodactylids and anhanguerids, but differs in being somewhat longer than the
799:
and other istiodactyliforms. A cingulum is also known from the teeth of istiodactylids and related pterosaurs, but these have wide crowns, which are also compressed sideways.
671:
consisting mainly of the wings and shoulder girdle, also from Hjoula. Although these specimens are less complete, their anatomical features can be clearly distinguished from
2517:"Pterosaur teeth from the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian) Cliff End Bone Bed, Wadhurst Clay Formation, Wealden Supergroup of southern England, and their possible affinities"
699:
specimen is comparatively small, with a wingspan of 1.32 metres (4.3 ft). It was probably a young individual when it died, based on some bones not being fused; the
1720:
1010:(a lower arm bone) is 84 mm (3.3 in) long. Some of the wing-bones are longer in relation to the humerus than in istiodactylids, especially the first two
544:
382:
1806:. Hjoula is known for its well-preserved fish fossils, but other organisms have been found there. One other pterosaur is known from the locality, the azhdarchoid
1667:
could also have provided food for pterosaurs in the area. Kellner and colleagues noted that although insectivory could not be ruled out, the broad rostrum of
807:-shaped teeth with sideways compressed crowns which are characteristic of istiodactylids, though, and also lacks the sharp carinae (cutting edges) seen in
2080:
2806:
Azar, Dany; Nel, André (2022). "The youngest and first
Lebanese representative of the family Saucrosmylidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Cenomanian".
1775:
The limestone of
Hajoula is compact, soft, and laminated rock, which is characterised by being light yellow or grey-yellow in colour, and in not having
2961:
2586:
Maksoud, Sibelle; Azar, Dany (2021). "Hjoula: A remarkable mid-Cenomanian
Lebanese fossil fish Lagerstätte now promising also for fossil insects".
1861:
2016:
Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Holgado, Borja; Vecchia, Fabio M. Dalla; Nohra, Roy; Sayão, Juliana M.; Currie, Philip J. (2019).
2856:
1870:
949:. When complete, the sternal plate would have been square in shape overall, and probably had a straight side edge and convex hind margin. The
570:
of a quarry worker, its skull was intact, as were the wings, legs, and body. The owner of the quarry allowed a team of researchers from the
405:(a thickened ridge at the base), and lack sharp carinae (cutting edges). The skeleton is distinctive in that the deltopectoral crest of the
1770:, by comparing with fossils from localities elsewhere in the world whose dates are known. Lebanon was mostly submerged on a large, shallow
1549:, it is difficult to determine the diet of pterosaurs. Suggestions have been made for the derived groups based on their dentition, such as
2727:"On a collection of Upper Cretaceous fishes from Mount Lebanon, Syria, with descriptions of four new genera and nineteen new species"
1737:
Cenomanian. More insects have since been discovered in Hjoula, supporting the idea that the area was close to the shore at the time.
945:. The front part of the sternum was more rounded when seen in side view than in istiodactylids, and thereby more similar to those of
7646:
7592:
1616:(flying with little flapping) may also have been the mode of flying of large pterosaurs such as anhanguerians, istiodactylids and
961:). The coracoid is 31 mm (1.2 in) long. The articulation between the coracoid and the sternum is slightly concave as in
7726:
2154:"First Lebanese dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata, Aeshnoptera, Cavilabiata) from the Arabo-African mid-Cretaceous paleocontinent"
2940:
2360:
2855:
Haug, Joachim T.; Audo, Denis; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Palero, Ferran; Petit, Gilles; Abi Saad, Pierre; Haug, Carolin (2016).
1604:, which had long wings with a high aspect ratio. The ability to manoeuvre during flight appears to have been limited in
606:
teamed up with an international group of researchers to scientifically describe the specimen, including the
Brazilians
2551:
Maksoud, Sibelle; Granier, Bruno R.C.; Azar, Dany (2022). "Palaeoentomological (fossil insects) outcrops in
Lebanon".
2332:
7527:
2229:
1745:
1683:. They concluded that this expanded the spectrum of feeding strategies known in derived pterodactyloid pterosaurs.
2634:"New octopods (Cephalopoda: Coleoidea) from the Late Cretaceous (Upper Cenomanian) of Hâkel and Hâdjoula, Lebanon"
578:
and describe the specimen, while intending for the fossil to be eventually sold, which is legal in
Lebanon. The
562:
The very fragile but well-preserved pterosaur specimen was split in two pieces when discovered on the limestone
2088:
1950:
5102:
1018:
The pteroid bone (a hand-bone unique to pterosaurs which supported the front wing-membrane or propatagium) of
2726:
755:
is 99 mm (3.9 in) long, and the preserved part of the lower jaw is 105 mm (4.1 in). The
2153:
1510:
part of Mimodactylidae in 2022. A 2023 article by the British paleontologist Steven C. Sweetman noted that
6294:
5096:
2120:
707:, where the two halves of the lower jaw connect at the front. This indicates the specimen had reached an
146:
7679:
2910:
How to find the best Fish Fossils in the world - 18 minute video about fossils from Lebanon, including
1597:
2836:
Garassino, Alessandro (1994). "The macruran decapod crustaceans of the Upper Creataceous of Lebanon".
988:
is 52 mm (2.0 in) long. The deltopectoral crest of the humerus (ridge for attachment of the
351:
by an international team of researchers, and when it was eventually sold, the buyer donated it to the
4479:
2933:
642:
7721:
3037:
2777:"Additions to "List of skeletal material from megatooth sharks", with a response to Shimada (2022)"
1585:
are thought to be adapted for this with their well-spaced, isodont (of equal length) teeth. Though
348:
3938:
1663:
ocean. Decapod crustaceans are the most common invertebrate fossils found at Hjoula, and fish and
1589:
had wider teeth, they may otherwise have fit this mode of feeding by being able to break down the
1106:
4515:
3946:
2018:"First complete pterosaur from the Afro-Arabian continent: insight into pterodactyloid diversity"
1955:
627:
607:
588:
579:
374:
7664:
7610:
4484:
2418:
1941:. Many of the fossil taxa found in Hjoula are also found in the Hakel locality of the same age.
7560:
7435:
5593:
494:
417:) is rectangular and that the humerus is less than half the length of the wing-finger's second
7534:
1798:) was similar to the contemporary fossil floras known from North America, Central Europe, and
1686:
641:
is based) is catalogued as MIM F1, and casts are present at the University of Alberta and the
583:
specimen, but around 2016, after years of negotiations, the anonymous buyer donated it to the
7659:
7605:
7540:
2419:"A new pteranodontoid pterosaur forelimb from the upper Yixian Formation, with a revision of
1048:
824:
820:
571:
281:
2281:"Comments on Triassic pterosaurs with discussion about ontogeny and description of new taxa"
6302:
5688:
4127:
4037:
3953:
2926:
2645:
2168:
2029:
1803:
704:
6310:
2754:
sp. nov., a new pycnodont fish (Neopterygii: †halecostomi) from the Cenomanian of Lebanon"
8:
7693:
7192:
6881:
6568:
5867:
5794:
3562:
3282:
1732:, where dragonflies are more frequently collected than other insects). There may also be
1546:
1099:
which included Africa and Arabia), members of the group previously being only known from
2649:
2172:
2033:
1127:
and Mimodactylidae within Istiodactyliformes according to Kellner and colleagues, 2019:
679:
collection at the MIM Museum, where it is nicknamed "Mimo" and is exhibited alongside a
559:) is generally very limited, with only South Africa having been systematically studied.
6721:
5195:
5038:
4181:
3984:
3971:
3885:
3727:
3358:
3333:
2704:
2663:
2611:
2568:
2492:
2461:
2399:
2184:
2052:
2017:
1771:
1676:
1596:
Extant vertebrate animals that feed on insects while flying have short wings with low
1539:
1169:
1076:
759:(snout) is broad when seen from above and has a pointed tip, and not rounded as in the
732:
575:
563:
344:
220:
141:
2758:
Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belqique, Sciences de la Terre
1059:(a genus from China previously classified in several groups). The two genera formed a
7147:
5962:
5891:
5133:
5120:
5063:
4826:
4724:
4626:
4544:
4322:
4299:
4265:
4195:
3736:
3652:
3604:
3578:
3291:
3196:
2879:
2788:
2776:
2749:
2708:
2667:
2658:
2633:
2615:
2603:
2572:
2497:
2442:
2438:
2403:
2356:
2328:
2302:
2203:
2188:
2057:
869:. The lower jaws have an odontoid (or "pseudo-tooth") process at the tip, as seen in
839:, and the only other derived (or "advanced") pterodactyloid with comparable teeth is
769:
756:
634:
548:
524:
516:
386:
378:
340:
121:
2819:
2599:
727:, which were distended by the long wing-finger. In an interview, Caldwell described
7637:
7376:
7259:
7251:
7043:
6972:
6897:
6439:
6342:
6329:
6261:
6141:
6130:
5380:
5237:
5174:
4949:
4931:
4769:
4593:
4409:
4395:
4353:
3859:
3845:
3777:
3456:
3006:
2871:
2815:
2694:
2653:
2595:
2560:
2528:
2487:
2477:
2434:
2389:
2292:
2204:"The history and the situation of the world famous fossil fish quarries in Lebanon"
2176:
2047:
2037:
1531:
1134:
1100:
993:
973:
968:
927:
915:
900:
895:
792:
646:
603:
442:
suggest its feeding habits differed from other pterosaurs, possibly it foraged for
414:
402:
321:
204:
2533:
2516:
2355:(1st ed.). Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 51–52.
2297:
2280:
2180:
1620:. Kellner and colleagues therefore suggested that instead of being insectivorous,
7583:
7465:
7308:
7157:
6942:
6846:
6821:
6814:
6801:
6734:
6620:
6518:
6484:
6380:
6360:
6214:
6072:
6013:
6000:
5971:
5847:
5758:
5617:
5490:
5445:
5317:
5246:
5225:
5051:
4712:
4692:
4664:
4640:
4576:
4568:
4561:
4553:
4308:
4288:
4118:
4094:
4044:
3852:
3835:
3825:
3802:
3758:
3750:
3718:
3707:
3686:
3640:
3632:
3571:
3487:
3427:
3346:
3315:
3205:
3184:
3137:
3022:
2997:
1767:
1733:
1725:
1617:
1613:
1503:
1283:
1256:
1243:
1072:
958:
865:
835:
651:
638:
556:
328:
7705:
7442:
7415:
7393:
7217:
7131:
7116:
7068:
7007:
6992:
6958:
6783:
6767:
6755:
6741:
6694:
6651:
6611:
6525:
6471:
6199:
6192:
6185:
6157:
6064:
5985:
5912:
5823:
5579:
5471:
5406:
5347:
5287:
5253:
4973:
4900:
4872:
4791:
4741:
4680:
4649:
4249:
4225:
4203:
4149:
4107:
4051:
4019:
3700:
3617:
3594:
3473:
3399:
3367:
3220:
3169:
3117:
2348:
2042:
1829:
1635:. The broad rostrum and widely spaced, relatively robust, and pointed teeth of
1464:
A 2021 study by the Chinese paleontologist Jiang Shunxing and colleagues found
1414:
1179:
1096:
1068:
1031:(thighbone), the preserved part of which is 36 mm (1.4 in) long. The
989:
780:
724:
619:
429:
410:
366:
236:
2909:
2875:
2699:
2683:"A new azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Lebanon"
2682:
2564:
507:
7715:
7479:
7450:
7426:
7407:
7365:
7350:
7299:
7288:
7181:
7173:
7123:
7060:
7031:
7015:
6999:
6985:
6926:
6904:
6855:
6748:
6509:
6452:
6371:
6206:
6178:
6150:
6021:
5904:
5695:
5625:
5497:
5480:
5336:
5273:
5217:
4982:
4938:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4783:
4733:
4657:
4614:
4607:
4533:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4215:
4157:
4142:
4135:
4083:
3866:
3535:
3495:
3445:
3414:
3375:
3270:
3262:
3240:
3144:
3128:
2792:
2607:
2446:
1937:
1887:
1838:
1824:
1787:
1751:
1582:
1478:
1297:
1147:
1011:
829:
764:
760:
700:
528:
64:
7472:
7400:
7271:
7166:
7100:
7052:
6862:
6668:
6636:
6404:
6171:
6099:
6040:
5935:
5572:
5557:
5541:
5532:
5521:
5361:
5324:
5210:
5160:
5003:
4916:
4909:
4889:
4861:
4854:
4840:
4833:
4748:
4705:
4672:
4388:
4330:
4273:
4258:
4238:
4063:
3794:
3786:
3766:
3693:
3672:
3665:
3520:
3308:
3254:
3213:
2883:
2501:
2306:
2061:
1912:
1692:
1656:
1608:
as in open-sea fliers, and it was probably highly stable when flying, like
1590:
1491:
1314:
1159:
1064:
997:
946:
788:
735:, a head longer than its body, and being rather like "wings with a mouth".
527:. Lebanese Cretaceous deposits have been known for well-preserved fish and
418:
398:
2466:
gen. et sp. nov., from the Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China"
1087:" (of uncertain placement that changes between analyses). They noted that
7358:
7318:
7237:
7201:
6935:
6710:
6643:
6586:
6532:
6389:
6057:
5928:
5920:
5880:
5839:
5831:
5706:
5673:
5641:
5633:
5604:
5565:
5549:
5508:
5437:
5429:
5422:
5368:
5309:
5301:
4962:
4924:
4847:
4502:
4435:
4402:
4338:
3679:
3548:
3503:
3480:
3155:
1921:
1906:
1875:
1847:
1833:
1795:
1791:
1708:
1672:
1664:
1628:
1609:
1562:
1398:
1032:
879:
720:
708:
668:
532:
453:
in age and are well-known for fish fossils. Lebanon was submerged in the
446:
39:
7651:
7597:
2482:
2121:"New kind of pterodactyl uncovered with help from U of A paleontologist"
594:
7326:
7281:
7209:
7084:
7076:
6911:
6890:
6835:
6703:
6678:
6628:
6593:
6539:
6427:
6419:
6412:
6164:
6087:
6079:
5978:
5942:
5780:
5681:
5660:
5649:
5586:
5203:
4996:
4989:
4424:
4315:
3322:
2979:
1879:
1842:
1815:
1578:
1570:
1527:
1472:(a group that is unresolved due to having more than two branches) with
1374:
1270:
1002:
937:
676:
663:
584:
520:
474:
450:
352:
84:
49:
2857:"The evolution of a key character, or how to evolve a slipper lobster"
7386:
6828:
6776:
6498:
6491:
6459:
6397:
6123:
6116:
6108:
6028:
5806:
5772:
5722:
5715:
5452:
5390:
5294:
4882:
4281:
3998:
3625:
3465:
3300:
3177:
3099:
3086:
3049:
2988:
2949:
2417:
Shunxing, Jiang; Shunxing, Zhang; Xin, Cheng; Xiao-Lin, Wang (2021).
1926:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1851:
1715:
1675:
diet, or primarily a diet of crustaceans, like in some extant ducks,
1660:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1193:
1120:
1112:
774:
743:
497:. Hjoula is located 35 km (22 mi) northeast of the capital
486:
482:
454:
434:
332:
324:
191:
158:
89:
33:
7554:
784:. A similar configuration is also seen in other istiodactyliforms.
331:, 95 million years ago. The only known specimen was discovered in a
7631:
7577:
7458:
7342:
7334:
7108:
7092:
7023:
6600:
5950:
5855:
5787:
5459:
5414:
5187:
4416:
4076:
2973:
1866:
1820:
1756:
1705:
1680:
1625:
1469:
1092:
954:
935:(breast-bone) is comparatively short and deep, similar to those of
919:
908:
860:
684:
680:
540:
539:(ancestrally four-limbed) animals are very rare. Information about
536:
465:
443:
178:
129:
79:
74:
59:
54:
44:
2394:
2377:
1642:
Insects had not been discovered at Hjoula or the other Cretaceous
1931:
1917:
1901:
1729:
1659:
and scattered islands situated on the plateau extending into the
981:
965:, with a backward protrusion that is not seen in istiodactylids.
950:
932:
904:
852:
804:
567:
512:
406:
133:
125:
94:
69:
2152:
Azar, Dany; Maksoud, Sibelle; Huang, Diying; Nel, André (2019).
6049:
5816:
5398:
4006:
3873:
2967:
1799:
1728:
may have occurred (as is also the case in Jurassic outcrops of
1697:
1632:
863:(opening behind the palate) is elongated and egg-shaped, as in
856:
844:
552:
502:
498:
490:
470:
390:
365:; the generic name refers to the MIM Museum, combined with the
356:
336:
168:
113:
2918:
2900:
1015:
wing-finger's last phalanx is curved, as in most pterosaurs.
5147:
3743:
2254:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2015:
1811:
1802:, and indicates a climate similar to that of the current day
1783:
1776:
1631:
from water surfaces, similar to how some albatrosses feed on
1084:
1060:
1028:
884:
655:
611:
426:
317:
2748:
Capasso, Luigi L.; Abi Saad, Pierre; Taverne, Louis (2009).
747:
Skull and jaws, with inset close-up of the upper front teeth
731:
as having long, narrow wings, but with a body the size of a
449:
from water surfaces. The marine deposits of Hjoula are late
438:, this group being part of Istiodactyliformes. The teeth of
2416:
1486:. The Chinese paleontologist Yizhi Xu and colleagues found
1007:
598:
Skeletal diagram; the scale bar is 50 mm (2.0 in)
359:. In 2019, the researchers named the new genus and species
2230:"Brazilians find new species of flying reptile in Lebanon"
2068:
2854:
2831:
2829:
1639:
would have been helpful for seizing shrimp in the water.
1502:
at the base of their clade. The American palaeontologist
650:
were also from Lebanon: a partial forelimb of an unnamed
2208:
Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona
703:(teeth-bearing bones of the lower jaw) are fused at the
675:. The specimen has become the centrepiece of the fossil
457:
ocean at the time, but some small islands were exposed.
2378:"The anatomy and diversity of the pterosaurian sternum"
1514:
was the latest occurring member of Istiodactyliformes.
4513:
2826:
2747:
2546:
2544:
2327:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 143.
1600:
that make them highly manoeuvrable in the air, unlike
602:
The Canadian palaeontologists Michael W. Caldwell and
393:), and the third pterosaur fossil known from Lebanon.
7677:
2741:
501:
and 10 km (6.2 mi) inland from the city of
343:. The owner of the quarry allowed the specimen to be
124:
with interpretive drawing and inset close-ups of the
2632:
Fuchs, Dirk; Bracchi, Giacomo; Weis, Robert (2009).
2081:"Pterosaur flies safely home after 95 million years"
887:(tongue bone) are thin, elongated, and fork-shaped.
819:
Mimodactylus's dentition is similar to that of more
2541:
2151:
855:(internal nostrils) are large and separated by the
493:, Lebanon, more than fifteen years before its 2019
3561:
2731:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
2550:
2460:Xu, Yizhi; Jiang, Shunxing; Wang, Xiaolin (2022).
851:is concave and has a small palatal ridge, and the
5037:
3982:
2674:
7713:
5131:
2631:
591:of Beirut, so that it could be kept in Lebanon.
515:of exceptional preservation, and belongs to the
6340:
6260:
5173:
2848:
2453:
2353:Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1110:Teeth (above) compared to those of the related
3021:
2799:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1075:and grouped the two together in the new clade
473:(a-b) and position of Lebanon during the late
2934:
2410:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
1700:known from Hjoula; it has been proposed that
795:(a thickened ridge at the crown base), as in
327:that lived in what is now Lebanon during the
6925:
2223:
2221:
2195:
6039:
2627:
2625:
2585:
2459:
1968:
922:(a feature present in other pterosaurs) in
3097:
2941:
2927:
2774:
2768:
2720:
2718:
2553:Carnets de géologie (Notebooks on geology)
2138:
2103:
1083:from their analysis for being a "wildcard
587:(abbreviation of Mineral Museum), part of
566:, and apart from a fracture caused by the
381:is the first complete pterosaur from the
112:
2835:
2698:
2680:
2657:
2532:
2491:
2481:
2393:
2296:
2255:"Interactive map of MIM - Pterosaur Area"
2218:
2051:
2041:
1091:is the first istiodactyliform known from
2622:
2514:
2508:
2285:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
1744:
1685:
1526:
1105:
967:
894:
742:
593:
464:
2805:
2715:
2681:Elgin, Ross A.; Frey, Eberhard (2011).
2369:
2325:The Princeton Field Guide to Pterosaurs
2278:
2272:
2201:
1624:and its relatives may have foraged for
890:
460:
7714:
3970:
2579:
2347:
2341:
2318:
2316:
2118:
1027:. The humerus is much longer than the
377:refers to Lebanon. The well-preserved
7559:
7558:
6327:
5119:
5118:
4500:
3969:
3084:
2960:
2922:
2864:Arthropod Structure & Development
2227:
1079:. They excluded the possibly related
719:would have been covered in hair-like
654:(catalogued as MSNM V 3881) from the
580:palaeontological community in Lebanon
6328:
2375:
2322:
1740:
547:(which consisted of the then joined
385:(which consisted of the then joined
2724:
2313:
1522:
791:are compressed sideways and have a
751:The preserved part of the skull of
401:are compressed sideways and have a
13:
2247:
1855:. Insects include the dragonflies
555:, also known as the Arabo-African
16:Genus of Late Cretaceous pterosaur
14:
7738:
2894:
1565:, and in the case of the related
1067:, for which they coined the name
1042:
1023:articulation of the forelimbs in
918:of the back are not fused into a
29:Temporal range: Late Cretaceous,
7699:
7687:
7539:
7533:
7526:
6309:
6301:
6293:
5101:
5095:
4483:
4478:
3952:
3945:
3937:
2659:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00828.x
2462:"A new istiodactylid pterosaur,
2439:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.201124
2279:Kellner, Alexander W.A. (2015).
2234:Agência de Notícias Brasil-Árabe
1718:species from Lebanon (including
1517:
481:The only known specimen of this
145:
37:
4501:
3085:
2948:
2820:10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.8
2600:10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.3.8
1051:, Kellner and colleagues found
505:. The locality is considered a
2901:Mimo - 15 second animation of
2421:Yixianopterus jingangshanensis
1951:Timeline of pterosaur research
1055:to be most closely related to
883:. The ceratobranchials of the
768:, and also differs from other
690:
1:
7727:Fossil taxa described in 2019
2534:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105622
2298:10.1590/0001-3765201520150307
2181:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.08.025
1961:
1039:from other ornithocheiroids.
485:was collected from a private
409:(ridge for attachment of the
2687:Swiss Journal of Geosciences
2515:Sweetman, Steven C. (2023).
2085:The Archaeology News Network
1123:below shows the position of
715:is unknown. As a pterosaur,
626:(δάκτυλος) for "digit". The
7:
1944:
1786:of Lebanon (which included
1612:and some other birds. Such
903:of the back near the right
811:. The first upper tooth of
10:
7743:
2775:Greenfield, Tyler (2022).
2382:Palaeontologia Electronica
2376:Hone, David W. E. (2023).
2043:10.1038/s41598-019-54042-z
1882:. Crustaceans include the
1103:sites in Europe and Asia.
519:, which dates to the late
7621:
7567:
7523:
7425:
7375:
7307:
7298:
7270:
7246:
7235:
7191:
7156:
7146:
7042:
6980:
6971:
6967:
6956:
6921:
6880:
6845:
6809:
6800:
6766:
6729:
6720:
6693:
6689:
6666:
6610:
6581:
6577:
6566:
6508:
6479:
6470:
6447:
6438:
6379:
6370:
6355:
6351:
6336:
6323:
6290:
6256:
6140:
6098:
6008:
5999:
5961:
5899:
5890:
5875:
5866:
5805:
5767:
5756:
5705:
5668:
5659:
5612:
5603:
5531:
5516:
5507:
5479:
5470:
5379:
5356:
5345:
5334:
5282:
5271:
5236:
5182:
5169:
5158:
5142:
5127:
5114:
5092:
5062:
5046:
5033:
4972:
4957:
4948:
4899:
4871:
4778:
4767:
4723:
4700:
4691:
4639:
4635:
4624:
4602:
4591:
4543:
4528:
4524:
4509:
4496:
4476:
4434:
4361:
4352:
4298:
4248:
4233:
4224:
4213:
4190:
4179:
4117:
4102:
4093:
4071:
4062:
4032:
4028:
4017:
3993:
3978:
3965:
3934:
3884:
3834:
3824:
3776:
3726:
3717:
3660:
3651:
3612:
3603:
3592:
3557:
3546:
3530:
3518:
3455:
3440:
3436:
3425:
3409:
3397:
3357:
3341:
3332:
3290:
3281:
3249:
3238:
3195:
3164:
3154:
3127:
3112:
3108:
3093:
3080:
3048:
3030:
3017:
2956:
2876:10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.003
2700:10.1007/s00015-011-0081-1
2565:10.2110/carnets.2022.2216
2323:Paul, Gregory S. (2022).
1412:
1395:
1388:
1371:
1364:
1311:
1294:
1287:
1267:
1260:
1240:
1233:
1207:
1190:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1145:
1138:
643:National Museum of Brazil
425:classified it in the new
287:
280:
142:Scientific classification
140:
120:
111:
23:
1581:, and among pterosaurs,
738:
683:, a movie, a life-sized
489:quarry near the town of
349:scientifically described
335:quarry near the town of
7623:Mimodactylus libanensis
4516:Archaeopterodactyloidea
2725:Hay, Oliver P. (1903).
2464:Lingyuanopterus camposi
2202:Capasso, Luigi (2017).
1956:Paleontology in Lebanon
1721:Libanoliupanshania mimi
1646:of Lebanon by the time
1545:As they have no modern
1538:in its environment, by
1006:and its relatives. The
616:Mimodactylus libanensis
608:Alexander W. A. Kellner
589:Saint Joseph University
362:Mimodactylus libanensis
294:Mimodactylus libanensis
2838:Paleontologia Lombarda
2427:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
2119:Bartko, Karen (2019).
2087:. 2016. Archived from
1760:
1711:
1671:was consistent with a
1573:. As the dentition of
1542:
1116:
977:
911:
748:
599:
545:Afro-Arabian continent
495:scientific description
478:
383:Afro-Arabian continent
7660:Paleobiology Database
7606:Paleobiology Database
2752:Nursallia tethysensis
2228:Sousa, Thais (2019).
1748:
1714:The first two fossil
1689:
1530:
1109:
1049:phylogenetic analysis
996:) is distinctive (an
971:
898:
825:archaeopterodactyloid
746:
661:of the same age, and
597:
572:University of Alberta
468:
373:for "digit", and the
4128:Archaeoistiodactylus
4038:Archaeoistiodactylus
1804:Mediterranean region
984:(upper arm bone) of
891:Postcranial skeleton
859:. The postpalatinal
723:, and had extensive
705:mandibular symphysis
461:History of discovery
421:. The describers of
132:(b), wrist (c), and
7193:Targaryendraconidae
6882:Ornithocheiriformes
6569:Ornithocheiromorpha
5868:Neopterodactyloidea
5795:Dsungaripteromorpha
3563:Campylognathoididae
3283:Eudimorphodontoidea
2905:from the MIM Museum
2650:2009Palgy..52...65F
2521:Cretaceous Research
2483:10.7717/peerj.13819
2173:2019CrRes..93...78A
2161:Cretaceous Research
2034:2019NatSR...917875K
1810:. Fish include the
827:pterosaurs such as
630:refers to Lebanon.
339:, belonging to the
6722:Istiodactyliformes
5196:Lonchognathosaurus
5039:Eupterodactyloidea
4182:Pterodactyliformes
3985:Pterodactylomorpha
3972:Pterodactylomorpha
3886:Pterodactylomorpha
3728:Angustinaripterini
3359:Eudimorphodontinae
3334:Eudimorphodontidae
2091:on August 25, 2022
2022:Scientific Reports
1857:Libanoliupanshania
1772:carbonate platform
1761:
1712:
1677:boat-billed herons
1543:
1170:Istiodactyliformes
1117:
1077:Istiodactyliformes
978:
912:
803:does not have the
749:
600:
479:
273:M. libanensis
221:Istiodactyliformes
7675:
7674:
7561:Taxon identifiers
7552:
7551:
7548:
7547:
7521:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7488:
7231:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7148:Targaryendraconia
7142:
7141:
6952:
6951:
6876:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6662:
6661:
6562:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6319:
6318:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6223:
5995:
5994:
5963:Chaoyangopterinae
5892:Chaoyangopteridae
5752:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5134:Ornithocheiroidea
5121:Ornithocheiroidea
5110:
5109:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5064:Ornithocheiroidea
5029:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5012:
4827:Gladocephaloideus
4763:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4725:Aurorazhdarchidae
4627:Ctenochasmatoidea
4587:
4586:
4545:Germanodactylidae
4492:
4491:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4348:
4347:
4323:Dendrorhynchoides
4300:Batrachognathinae
4266:Dendrorhynchoides
4196:Changchengopterus
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
3961:
3960:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3737:Angustinaripterus
3653:Rhamphorhynchinae
3605:Rhamphorhynchidae
3588:
3587:
3579:Campylognathoides
3514:
3513:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3292:Raeticodactylidae
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3197:Austriadraconidae
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
2362:978-0-691-15061-1
1759:known from Hjoula
1741:Palaeoenvironment
1461:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1222:
1221:
1063:within the group
823:(or "primitive")
770:istiodactyliforms
635:holotype specimen
549:Arabian Peninsula
535:, but fossils of
525:Cretaceous period
517:Sannine Formation
387:Arabian Peninsula
379:holotype specimen
341:Sannine Formation
309:
308:
261:
122:Holotype specimen
7734:
7704:
7703:
7702:
7692:
7691:
7690:
7683:
7668:
7667:
7655:
7654:
7642:
7641:
7640:
7614:
7613:
7601:
7600:
7588:
7587:
7586:
7556:
7555:
7543:
7537:
7531:
7530:
7377:Coloborhynchinae
7305:
7304:
7260:Ornithocheiridae
7252:Brasileodactylus
7244:
7243:
7154:
7153:
7044:Ornithocheirinae
6978:
6977:
6973:Ornithocheiridae
6969:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6923:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6898:Brasileodactylus
6807:
6806:
6727:
6726:
6695:Lonchodraconidae
6691:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6477:
6476:
6445:
6444:
6440:Nyctosauromorpha
6377:
6376:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6343:Pteranodontoidea
6338:
6337:
6330:Pteranodontoidea
6325:
6324:
6314:
6313:
6306:
6305:
6298:
6297:
6262:Pteranodontoidea
6258:
6257:
6142:Quetzalcoatlinae
6131:Mistralazhdarcho
6096:
6095:
6037:
6036:
6006:
6005:
5897:
5896:
5873:
5872:
5765:
5764:
5666:
5665:
5610:
5609:
5529:
5528:
5514:
5513:
5477:
5476:
5381:Thalassodromidae
5354:
5353:
5343:
5342:
5280:
5279:
5238:Dsungaripterinae
5180:
5179:
5175:Dsungaripteridae
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5140:
5139:
5129:
5128:
5116:
5115:
5105:
5100:
5099:
5044:
5043:
5035:
5034:
4955:
4954:
4950:Ctenochasmatinae
4932:Plataleorhynchus
4776:
4775:
4770:Ctenochasmatidae
4698:
4697:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4600:
4599:
4594:Euctenochasmatia
4526:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4511:
4510:
4498:
4497:
4487:
4482:
4410:Propterodactylus
4396:Ningchengopterus
4359:
4358:
4354:Pterodactyloidea
4231:
4230:
4222:
4221:
4188:
4187:
4100:
4099:
4069:
4068:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4025:
3991:
3990:
3980:
3979:
3967:
3966:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3941:
3860:Jianchangopterus
3846:Fenghuangopterus
3832:
3831:
3778:Rhamphorhynchini
3724:
3723:
3658:
3657:
3610:
3609:
3601:
3600:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3528:
3527:
3457:Dimorphodontidae
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3407:
3406:
3339:
3338:
3288:
3287:
3247:
3246:
3162:
3161:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3095:
3094:
3082:
3081:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3007:Pterosauromorpha
2958:
2957:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2888:
2887:
2861:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2808:Palaeoentomology
2803:
2797:
2796:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2588:Palaeoentomology
2583:
2577:
2576:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2158:
2149:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2077:
2066:
2065:
2055:
2045:
2013:
1532:Life restoration
1523:Feeding and diet
1391:
1390:
1367:
1366:
1290:
1289:
1263:
1262:
1236:
1235:
1186:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1141:
1140:
1135:Pteranodontoidea
1131:
1130:
1101:Early Cretaceous
994:pectoral muscles
974:caudal vertebrae
928:caudal vertebrae
916:dorsal vertebrae
901:dorsal vertebrae
647:occipital region
604:Philip J. Currie
415:pectoral muscles
322:istiodactyliform
296:
292:
255:
248:
235:
219:
205:Pterodactyloidea
203:
190:
150:
149:
116:
106:
36:
21:
20:
7742:
7741:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7722:Pteranodontoids
7712:
7711:
7710:
7700:
7698:
7688:
7686:
7678:
7676:
7671:
7663:
7658:
7650:
7645:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7617:
7609:
7604:
7596:
7591:
7582:
7581:
7576:
7563:
7553:
7544:
7525:
7485:
7466:Liaoningopterus
7421:
7371:
7309:Tropeognathinae
7294:
7266:
7240:
7223:
7187:
7158:Cimoliopteridae
7138:
7038:
6961:
6948:
6943:Zhenyuanopterus
6917:
6868:
6847:Istiodactylinae
6841:
6822:Longchengpterus
6815:Lingyuanopterus
6802:Istiodactylidae
6796:
6762:
6735:Hongshanopterus
6716:
6685:
6671:
6658:
6621:Hongshanopterus
6606:
6571:
6546:
6519:Barbaridactylus
6504:
6466:
6434:
6381:Pteranodontidae
6366:
6361:Santanadactylus
6345:
6332:
6315:
6308:
6300:
6292:
6276:
6220:
6215:Zhejiangopterus
6136:
6094:
6073:Palaeocursornis
6035:
6014:Montanazhdarcho
6001:Azhdarchiformes
5991:
5972:Chaoyangopterus
5957:
5886:
5862:
5848:Montanazhdarcho
5801:
5761:
5759:Azhdarchomorpha
5728:
5701:
5655:
5618:Aymberedactylus
5599:
5527:
5503:
5491:Aymberedactylus
5466:
5446:Thalassodromeus
5375:
5350:
5339:
5330:
5318:Montanazhdarcho
5276:
5259:
5247:Domeykodactylus
5232:
5226:Tendaguripterus
5163:
5154:
5136:
5123:
5106:
5094:
5078:
5058:
5052:Altmuehlopterus
5009:
4968:
4944:
4895:
4867:
4772:
4755:
4719:
4713:Gallodactylidae
4693:Aurorazhdarchia
4687:
4665:Normannognathus
4641:Gallodactylidae
4629:
4620:
4596:
4583:
4577:Tendaguripterus
4569:Normannognathus
4562:Germanodactylus
4554:Altmuehlopterus
4539:
4518:
4505:
4488:
4450:
4430:
4344:
4309:Batrachognathus
4294:
4289:Vesperopterylus
4244:
4218:
4209:
4184:
4163:
4119:Wukongopterinae
4113:
4095:Wukongopteridae
4089:
4058:
4045:Normannognathus
4022:
4013:
3987:
3974:
3957:
3944:
3936:
3900:
3880:
3853:Jianchangnathus
3836:Scaphognathidae
3826:Digibrevisauria
3808:
3803:Rhamphorhynchus
3772:
3759:Qinglongopterus
3751:Harpactognathus
3719:Rhamphorhynchae
3713:
3708:Qinglongopterus
3687:Harpactognathus
3647:
3641:Scaphognathinae
3633:Parapsicephalus
3597:
3584:
3572:Bergamodactylus
3551:
3542:
3524:
3510:
3488:Parapsicephalus
3451:
3430:
3428:Macronychoptera
3421:
3403:
3381:
3353:
3347:Arcticodactylus
3328:
3316:Raeticodactylus
3277:
3243:
3226:
3206:Arcticodactylus
3191:
3185:Raeticodactylus
3150:
3138:Austriadactylus
3123:
3102:
3089:
3064:
3044:
3038:Avemetatarsalia
3023:Avemetatarsalia
3013:
2998:Avemetatarsalia
2963:
2962:
2952:
2947:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2859:
2853:
2849:
2834:
2827:
2804:
2800:
2773:
2769:
2746:
2742:
2723:
2716:
2679:
2675:
2630:
2623:
2584:
2580:
2559:(16): 699–743.
2549:
2542:
2513:
2509:
2458:
2454:
2415:
2411:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2349:Witton, Mark P.
2346:
2342:
2335:
2321:
2314:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2226:
2219:
2200:
2196:
2156:
2150:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2117:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2079:
2078:
2069:
2014:
1969:
1964:
1947:
1782:The Cenomanian
1768:biostratigraphy
1743:
1734:taphonomic bias
1726:collection bias
1618:pteranodontians
1614:dynamic soaring
1593:of arthropods.
1540:Julius Csotonyi
1525:
1520:
1504:Gregory S. Paul
1462:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1284:Istiodactylinae
1257:Istiodactylidae
1244:Hongshanopterus
1223:
1073:Istiodactylidae
1045:
959:shoulder-girdle
893:
866:Hongshanopterus
836:Germanodactylus
741:
695:The only known
693:
652:ornithocheiroid
639:scientific name
557:palaeocontinent
543:fossils of the
511:, a place with
463:
329:Late Cretaceous
305:
298:
290:
289:
276:
254:
246:
233:
217:
201:
188:
144:
107:
105:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7740:
7730:
7729:
7724:
7709:
7708:
7696:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7656:
7643:
7627:
7625:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7615:
7602:
7589:
7573:
7571:
7565:
7564:
7550:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7491:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7476:
7469:
7462:
7455:
7447:
7443:Caulkicephalus
7439:
7431:
7429:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7416:Uktenadactylus
7412:
7404:
7397:
7394:Coloborhynchus
7390:
7382:
7380:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7362:
7355:
7347:
7339:
7331:
7323:
7314:
7312:
7302:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7292:
7285:
7277:
7275:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7264:
7256:
7247:
7241:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7221:
7218:Targaryendraco
7214:
7206:
7197:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7178:
7170:
7162:
7160:
7151:
7144:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7132:Uktenadactylus
7128:
7120:
7117:Ornithocheirus
7113:
7105:
7097:
7089:
7081:
7073:
7069:Coloborhynchus
7065:
7057:
7048:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7036:
7028:
7020:
7012:
7008:Caulkicephalus
7004:
6996:
6993:Arthurdactylus
6989:
6981:
6975:
6962:
6959:Ornithocheirae
6957:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6939:
6931:
6929:
6916:
6915:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6886:
6884:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6859:
6851:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6832:
6825:
6818:
6810:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6787:
6784:Linlongopterus
6780:
6772:
6770:
6768:Mimodactylidae
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6756:Lonchodectidae
6752:
6745:
6742:Linlongopterus
6738:
6730:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6707:
6699:
6697:
6684:
6683:
6674:
6672:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6652:Targaryendraco
6648:
6640:
6633:
6625:
6616:
6614:
6612:Lonchodectidae
6608:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6597:
6590:
6582:
6572:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6536:
6529:
6526:Muzquizopteryx
6522:
6514:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6495:
6488:
6480:
6474:
6472:Aponyctosauria
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6456:
6448:
6442:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6424:
6416:
6409:
6401:
6394:
6385:
6383:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6356:
6346:
6341:
6334:
6333:
6321:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6266:
6264:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6211:
6203:
6200:Thanatosdrakon
6196:
6193:Quetzalcoatlus
6189:
6186:Phosphatodraco
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6158:Arambourgiania
6154:
6146:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6113:
6104:
6102:
6093:
6092:
6084:
6076:
6069:
6065:Navajodactylus
6061:
6054:
6045:
6043:
6034:
6033:
6025:
6018:
6009:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5986:Shenzhoupterus
5982:
5975:
5967:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5947:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5917:
5913:Argentinadraco
5909:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5852:
5844:
5836:
5828:
5824:Argentinadraco
5820:
5812:
5810:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5768:
5762:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5719:
5711:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5646:
5638:
5630:
5622:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5580:Nemicolopterus
5576:
5569:
5562:
5554:
5546:
5537:
5535:
5526:
5525:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5494:
5486:
5484:
5474:
5472:Tapejariformes
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5434:
5426:
5419:
5411:
5407:Argentinadraco
5403:
5395:
5386:
5384:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5365:
5357:
5351:
5348:Tapejaromorpha
5346:
5340:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5306:
5298:
5291:
5288:Argentinadraco
5283:
5277:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5254:Dsungaripterus
5250:
5242:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5222:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5192:
5183:
5177:
5164:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5143:
5137:
5132:
5125:
5124:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5047:
5041:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4978:
4976:
4974:Pterodaustrini
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4958:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4913:
4905:
4903:
4901:Gnathosaurinae
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4876:
4873:Moganopterinae
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4792:Balaenognathus
4788:
4779:
4773:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4745:
4742:Aurorazhdarcho
4738:
4729:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4681:Moganopterinae
4677:
4669:
4661:
4654:
4650:Aurorazhdarcho
4645:
4643:
4630:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4611:
4603:
4597:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4558:
4549:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4529:
4519:
4514:
4507:
4506:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4377:
4370:
4362:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4312:
4304:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4252:
4250:Anurognathinae
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4234:
4228:
4226:Anurognathidae
4219:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4204:Douzhanopterus
4200:
4191:
4185:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4154:
4150:Douzhanopterus
4146:
4139:
4132:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4108:Kunpengopterus
4103:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4080:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4052:Anurognathidae
4048:
4041:
4033:
4023:
4020:Monofenestrata
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4003:
3994:
3988:
3983:
3976:
3975:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3841:
3839:
3829:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3791:
3782:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3730:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3701:Orientognathus
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3622:
3618:Dolicorhamphus
3613:
3607:
3598:
3595:Breviquartossa
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3567:
3565:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3477:
3474:Caelestiventus
3470:
3461:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3441:
3431:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3410:
3404:
3400:Zambellisauria
3398:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3368:Carniadactylus
3363:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3296:
3294:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3250:
3244:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3221:Seazzadactylus
3217:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3174:
3170:Carniadactylus
3165:
3159:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3133:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3118:Daohugoupterus
3113:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3090:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3031:
3025:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2907:
2896:
2895:External links
2893:
2890:
2889:
2847:
2825:
2814:(2): 155–160.
2798:
2767:
2740:
2714:
2673:
2621:
2594:(3): 223–227.
2578:
2540:
2507:
2452:
2409:
2368:
2361:
2340:
2333:
2312:
2291:(2): 669–689.
2271:
2259:www.mim.museum
2246:
2217:
2194:
2137:
2102:
2067:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1878:beetle, and a
1862:Libanocordulia
1830:pachycormiform
1742:
1739:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1498:in 2022, with
1496:Linlongopterus
1484:Linlongopterus
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:Ornithocheirae
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1180:Mimodactylidae
1174:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1129:
1097:supercontinent
1095:(the southern
1081:Linlongopterus
1069:Mimodactylidae
1047:In their 2019
1044:
1043:Classification
1041:
892:
889:
781:Linlongopterus
740:
737:
725:wing-membranes
692:
689:
687:, and a game.
685:reconstruction
637:(on which the
462:
459:
430:Mimodactylidae
307:
306:
299:
285:
284:
278:
277:
269:
267:
263:
262:
244:
240:
239:
237:Mimodactylidae
231:
224:
223:
215:
208:
207:
199:
195:
194:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
118:
117:
109:
108:
100:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7739:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7707:
7697:
7695:
7685:
7684:
7681:
7666:
7661:
7657:
7653:
7648:
7644:
7639:
7633:
7629:
7628:
7626:
7624:
7620:
7612:
7607:
7603:
7599:
7594:
7590:
7585:
7579:
7575:
7574:
7572:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7557:
7542:
7538:
7536:
7529:
7482:
7481:
7480:Maaradactylus
7477:
7475:
7474:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7451:Cearadactylus
7448:
7445:
7444:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7427:Anhanguerinae
7424:
7418:
7417:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7408:Siroccopteryx
7405:
7403:
7402:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7391:
7389:
7388:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7366:Tropeognathus
7363:
7361:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7351:Siroccopteryx
7348:
7345:
7344:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7300:Anhangueridae
7297:
7291:
7290:
7289:Iberodactylus
7286:
7284:
7283:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7269:
7262:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7249:
7248:
7245:
7242:
7239:
7234:
7220:
7219:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7182:Cimoliopterus
7179:
7176:
7175:
7174:Camposipterus
7171:
7169:
7168:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7145:
7134:
7133:
7129:
7126:
7125:
7124:Siroccopteryx
7121:
7119:
7118:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7061:Camposipterus
7058:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7034:
7033:
7032:Tropeognathus
7029:
7026:
7025:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7016:Cimoliopterus
7013:
7010:
7009:
7005:
7002:
7001:
7000:Camposipterus
6997:
6995:
6994:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6986:Araripesaurus
6983:
6982:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6955:
6945:
6944:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6927:Boreopteridae
6924:
6920:
6914:
6913:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6905:Cearadactylus
6902:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6879:
6865:
6864:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6856:Istiodactylus
6853:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6838:
6837:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6765:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6749:Yixianopterus
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6665:
6654:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6591:
6589:
6588:
6584:
6583:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6570:
6565:
6542:
6541:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6510:Nyctosauridae
6507:
6501:
6500:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6462:
6461:
6457:
6455:
6454:
6453:Alamodactylus
6450:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6430:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6372:Pteranodontia
6369:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6344:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6326:
6322:
6312:
6307:
6304:
6296:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6217:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6207:Wellnhopterus
6204:
6202:
6201:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6179:Hatzegopteryx
6176:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6151:Aralazhdarcho
6148:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6133:
6132:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6121:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6090:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6038:
6031:
6030:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6022:Radiodactylus
6019:
6016:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5931:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5905:Apatorhamphus
5902:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5755:
5725:
5724:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5696:Tupandactylus
5693:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5626:Caupedactylus
5623:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5498:Caupedactylus
5495:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:Caupedactylia
5478:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5337:Neoazhdarchia
5333:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5274:Azhdarchoidea
5270:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5218:Puntanipterus
5215:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5157:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5104:
5098:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4983:Beipiaopterus
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4939:Tacuadactylus
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4820:Forfexopterus
4817:
4815:
4814:
4813:Elanodactylus
4810:
4808:
4807:
4806:Cratonopterus
4803:
4801:
4800:
4799:Cathayopterus
4796:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:Ardeadactylus
4781:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4766:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4734:Ardeadactylus
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4658:Cycnorhamphus
4655:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4615:Pterodactylus
4612:
4610:
4609:
4608:Diopecephalus
4605:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4590:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4534:Prejanopterus
4531:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4486:
4481:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4381:Herbstosaurus
4378:
4376:
4375:
4374:Eurolimnornis
4371:
4369:
4368:
4367:Dermodactylus
4364:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4216:Caelidracones
4212:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4160:
4159:
4158:Wukongopterus
4155:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4143:Darwinopterus
4140:
4138:
4137:
4136:Cuspicephalus
4133:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4084:Pterorhynchus
4081:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3940:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3867:Scaphognathus
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3537:
3536:Eudimorphodon
3533:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:Peteinosaurus
3493:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3446:Herbstosaurus
3443:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3415:Peteinosaurus
3412:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3378:
3377:
3376:Eudimorphodon
3373:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3272:
3271:Preondactylia
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:Peteinosaurus
3260:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3241:Eopterosauria
3237:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3145:Preondactylus
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3129:Preondactylia
3126:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2870:(2): 97–107.
2869:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2693:(S1): 21–33.
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2638:Palaeontology
2635:
2628:
2626:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2395:10.26879/1261
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2336:
2334:9780691180175
2330:
2326:
2319:
2317:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:Styletoctopus
1934:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1888:Charbelicaris
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1839:polymixiiform
1836:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1825:Libanopristis
1822:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:pteridophytes
1785:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1755:, a genus of
1754:
1753:
1752:Libanopristis
1747:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1696:, a genus of
1695:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:aspect ratios
1594:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:anurognathids
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:Istiodactylus
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1518:Palaeobiology
1515:
1513:
1509:
1508:Yixianopterus
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1479:Yixianopterus
1475:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:Istiodactylus
1292:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:Pteranodontia
1143:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1012:phalanx bones
1009:
1005:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
975:
970:
966:
964:
960:
957:(part of the
956:
952:
948:
944:
943:Istiodactylus
940:
939:
934:
929:
925:
921:
917:
910:
906:
902:
897:
888:
886:
882:
881:
876:
872:
871:Istiodactylus
868:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:
832:
831:
830:Pterodactylus
826:
822:
817:
814:
810:
809:Istiodactylus
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
782:
777:
776:
771:
767:
766:
765:Istiodactylus
762:
761:istiodactylid
758:
754:
745:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
701:dentary bones
698:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:
660:
657:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
628:specific name
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
596:
592:
590:
586:
581:
577:
574:in Canada to
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:invertebrates
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
476:
472:
467:
458:
456:
452:
448:
445:
441:
437:
436:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:specific name
372:
368:
364:
363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:
319:
315:
314:
303:
297:
295:
286:
283:
282:Binomial name
279:
275:
274:
268:
265:
264:
259:
253:
252:
245:
242:
241:
238:
232:
229:
226:
225:
222:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
200:
197:
196:
193:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
35:
26:
22:
19:
7694:Paleontology
7622:
7569:Mimodactylus
7568:
7532:
7478:
7473:Ludodactylus
7471:
7464:
7457:
7449:
7441:
7434:
7414:
7406:
7401:Nicorhynchus
7399:
7392:
7385:
7364:
7357:
7349:
7341:
7333:
7325:
7317:
7287:
7280:
7272:Hamipteridae
7258:
7250:
7216:
7208:
7200:
7180:
7172:
7167:Aetodactylus
7165:
7130:
7122:
7115:
7107:
7101:Ludodactylus
7099:
7091:
7083:
7075:
7067:
7059:
7053:Aetodactylus
7051:
7030:
7022:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6991:
6984:
6941:
6934:
6910:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6863:Liaoxipterus
6861:
6854:
6834:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6791:Mimodactylus
6790:
6789:
6782:
6775:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6709:
6702:
6677:
6669:Lanceodontia
6650:
6642:
6637:Lonchodectes
6635:
6627:
6619:
6599:
6592:
6585:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6517:
6497:
6490:
6483:
6458:
6451:
6426:
6418:
6411:
6405:Ornithostoma
6403:
6396:
6388:
6359:
6299:
6213:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6172:Eurazhdarcho
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6129:
6122:
6115:
6107:
6100:Azhdarchinae
6086:
6078:
6071:
6063:
6056:
6048:
6041:Azhdarchidae
6027:
6020:
6012:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5949:
5941:
5936:Meilifeilong
5934:
5927:
5919:
5911:
5903:
5879:
5854:
5846:
5838:
5830:
5822:
5815:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5771:
5721:
5714:
5694:
5687:
5680:
5672:
5648:
5640:
5632:
5624:
5616:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5573:Huaxiapterus
5571:
5564:
5558:Eopteranodon
5556:
5548:
5542:Afrotapejara
5540:
5533:Sinopterinae
5522:Afrotapejara
5520:
5496:
5489:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5428:
5421:
5413:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5367:
5362:Bennettazhia
5360:
5325:Ornithostoma
5323:
5316:
5308:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5252:
5245:
5224:
5216:
5211:Ordosipterus
5209:
5202:
5194:
5186:
5161:Tapejaroidea
5146:
5050:
5004:Pterodaustro
5002:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4961:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4917:Huanhepterus
4915:
4910:Gnathosaurus
4908:
4890:Moganopterus
4888:
4881:
4862:Pterofiltrus
4860:
4855:Petrodactyle
4853:
4846:
4841:Liaodactylus
4839:
4834:Kepodactylus
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4782:
4749:Huanhepterus
4747:
4740:
4732:
4711:
4706:Aerodactylus
4704:
4679:
4673:Petrodactyle
4671:
4663:
4656:
4648:
4613:
4606:
4575:
4567:
4560:
4552:
4532:
4423:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4389:Kryptodrakon
4387:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4337:
4331:Jeholopterus
4329:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4287:
4280:
4274:Jeholopterus
4272:
4264:
4259:Anurognathus
4257:
4239:Mesadactylus
4237:
4202:
4194:
4156:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4126:
4106:
4082:
4075:
4064:Darwinoptera
4050:
4043:
4036:
4005:
3997:
3943:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3801:
3795:Nesodactylus
3793:
3787:Cacibupteryx
3785:
3767:Sericipterus
3765:
3757:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3706:
3699:
3694:Nesodactylus
3692:
3685:
3678:
3673:Cacibupteryx
3671:
3666:Bellubrunnus
3664:
3639:
3631:
3624:
3616:
3577:
3570:
3534:
3521:Lonchognatha
3502:
3494:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3464:
3444:
3413:
3374:
3366:
3345:
3321:
3314:
3309:Pachagnathus
3307:
3299:
3269:
3261:
3255:Austriadraco
3253:
3219:
3214:Austriadraco
3212:
3204:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3143:
3136:
3116:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2912:Mimodactylus
2911:
2903:Mimodactylus
2902:
2867:
2863:
2850:
2841:
2837:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2784:
2781:Paleoichthys
2780:
2770:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2743:
2734:
2730:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2644:(1): 65–81.
2641:
2637:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2556:
2552:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2455:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2412:
2388:(1): 13–14.
2385:
2381:
2371:
2352:
2343:
2324:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2258:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2233:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2164:
2160:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
2093:. Retrieved
2089:the original
2084:
2028:(1): 17875.
2025:
2021:
1936:
1930:
1920:
1913:Carpopenaeus
1911:
1905:
1895:
1886:
1871:Lebanosmylus
1869:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1781:
1764:Mimodactylus
1763:
1762:
1750:
1719:
1713:
1704:fed on such
1702:Mimodactylus
1701:
1693:Carpopenaeus
1691:
1669:Mimodactylus
1668:
1657:archipelagos
1653:Mimodactylus
1652:
1648:Mimodactylus
1647:
1644:Lagerstätten
1643:
1641:
1637:Mimodactylus
1636:
1622:Mimodactylus
1621:
1606:Mimodactylus
1605:
1602:Mimodactylus
1601:
1595:
1591:exoskeletons
1587:Mimodactylus
1586:
1575:Mimodactylus
1574:
1566:
1544:
1536:Mimodactylus
1535:
1512:Mimodactylus
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1492:sister taxon
1488:Mimodactylus
1487:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1466:Mimodactylus
1465:
1463:
1413:
1397:
1396:
1373:
1372:
1315:Liaoxipterus
1313:
1312:
1296:
1295:
1269:
1268:
1242:
1241:
1211:Mimodactylus
1210:
1209:
1208:
1192:
1191:
1160:Lanceodontia
1146:
1125:Mimodactylus
1124:
1118:
1111:
1089:Mimodactylus
1088:
1080:
1065:Lanceodontia
1056:
1053:Mimodactylus
1052:
1046:
1037:Mimodactylus
1036:
1025:Mimodactylus
1024:
1020:Mimodactylus
1019:
1017:
1001:
998:autapomorphy
986:Mimodactylus
985:
979:
962:
947:anhanguerids
942:
936:
924:Mimodactylus
923:
913:
878:
874:
870:
864:
849:Mimodactylus
848:
840:
834:
828:
818:
813:Mimodactylus
812:
808:
801:Mimodactylus
800:
796:
789:tooth crowns
786:
779:
773:
763:
753:Mimodactylus
752:
750:
729:Mimodactylus
728:
717:Mimodactylus
716:
713:Mimodactylus
712:
697:Mimodactylus
696:
694:
673:Mimodactylus
672:
662:
658:
632:
623:
615:
614:and species
601:
561:
506:
480:
469:Map showing
440:Mimodactylus
439:
433:
423:Mimodactylus
422:
419:phalanx bone
399:tooth crowns
395:
370:
361:
360:
313:Mimodactylus
312:
311:
310:
301:
293:
288:
272:
271:
257:
251:Mimodactylus
250:
249:
227:
211:
25:Mimodactylus
24:
18:
7359:Thapunngaka
7319:Amblydectes
7238:Anhangueria
7202:Aussiedraco
6936:Boreopterus
6711:Lonchodraco
6644:Lonchodraco
6587:Aussiedraco
6533:Nyctosaurus
6390:Bogolubovia
6058:Bogolubovia
5929:Lacusovagus
5921:Eoazhdarcho
5881:Eoazhdarcho
5840:Leptostomia
5832:Keresdrakon
5707:Caiuajarina
5674:Bakonydraco
5642:Lacusovagus
5634:Keresdrakon
5605:Tapejarinae
5566:Huaxiadraco
5550:Bakonydraco
5509:Tapejaridae
5438:Leptostomia
5430:Lacusovagus
5423:Kariridraco
5369:Keresdrakon
5310:Leptostomia
5302:Keresdrakon
4963:Ctenochasma
4925:Lusognathus
4848:Otogopterus
4503:Lophocratia
4436:Lophocratia
4403:Pangupterus
4339:Sinomacrops
3680:Dorygnathus
3549:Novialoidea
3504:Rhamphinion
3481:Dimorphodon
3156:Caviramidae
3100:Pterosauria
3087:Pterosauria
3050:Pterosauria
2989:Archosauria
2950:Pterosauria
2125:Global News
1922:Notahomarus
1907:Libanocaris
1876:scarabaeoid
1848:pycnodontid
1834:Eubiodectes
1796:angiosperms
1792:gymnosperms
1709:crustaceans
1690:Fossils of
1673:faunivorous
1665:zooplankton
1629:crustaceans
1610:albatrosses
1563:insectivory
1506:considered
1399:Lonchodraco
1033:tibiotarsus
976:of the tail
880:Lonchodraco
721:pycnofibres
709:ontogenetic
691:Description
669:azhdarchoid
659:Lagerstätte
533:Middle Ages
523:age of the
508:Lagerstätte
447:crustaceans
432:along with
192:Pterosauria
7716:Categories
7638:Q121818305
7436:Anhanguera
7327:Ferrodraco
7282:Hamipterus
7210:Barbosania
7085:Ferrodraco
7077:Draigwenia
6912:Hamipterus
6891:Barbosania
6836:Nurhachius
6704:Ikrandraco
6679:Draigwenia
6629:Ikrandraco
6594:Serradraco
6540:Volgadraco
6428:Volgadraco
6420:Tethydraco
6413:Pteranodon
6271:see below↓
6165:Cryodrakon
6088:Volgadraco
6080:Tethydraco
5979:Jidapterus
5943:Microtuban
5781:Microtuban
5682:Europejara
5661:Tapejarini
5650:Vectidraco
5587:Sinopterus
5204:Noripterus
5073:see below↓
4997:Gegepterus
4990:Eosipterus
4445:see below↓
4425:Wenupteryx
4316:Cascocauda
3895:see below↓
3323:Yelaphomte
3059:see below↓
2980:Sauropsida
2764:: 117–136.
2737:: 395–452.
2527:: 105622.
2476:: e13819.
1962:References
1916:, and the
1880:cicadellid
1846:, and the
1843:Aipichthys
1816:Cretalamna
1808:Microtuban
1749:Fossil of
1579:arthropods
1571:scavenging
1490:to be the
1375:Ikrandraco
1271:Nurhachius
1003:Pteranodon
938:Nurhachius
914:The front
677:vertebrate
664:Microtuban
585:MIM Museum
531:since the
521:Cenomanian
475:Cenomanian
451:Cenomanian
353:MIM Museum
198:Suborder:
7584:Q76852527
7387:Aerodraco
6829:Luchibang
6777:Haopterus
6499:Simurghia
6492:Epapatelo
6460:Cretornis
6398:Dawndraco
6124:Azhdarcho
6117:Albadraco
6109:Aerotitan
6029:Alanqidae
5807:Alanqidae
5773:Cretornis
5723:Torukjara
5716:Caiuajara
5453:Tupuxuara
5391:Aerotitan
5295:Inabtanin
4883:Feilongus
4282:Luopterus
3999:Allkaruen
3626:Klobiodon
3466:Allkaruen
3301:Caviramus
3178:Caviramus
2966:Kingdom:
2793:2748-8721
2709:128405107
2668:129082916
2616:237877058
2608:2624-2834
2573:253513442
2447:2096-9899
2433:(2): 81.
2404:258273168
2189:134308438
2167:: 78–89.
1927:Octopuses
1897:Palibacus
1893:palinuran
1884:achelatan
1852:Nursallia
1779:nodules.
1716:dragonfly
1681:shoebills
1661:Neotethys
1655:lived in
1559:durophagy
1555:frugivory
1551:piscivory
1547:analogues
1500:Haopterus
1474:Haopterus
1194:Haopterus
1121:cladogram
1113:Haopterus
1057:Haopterus
963:Haopterus
875:Haopterus
841:Haopterus
797:Haopterus
775:Haopterus
487:limestone
483:pterosaur
455:Neotethys
435:Haopterus
333:limestone
325:pterosaur
266:Species:
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
7652:11202793
7632:Wikidata
7598:11118561
7578:Wikidata
7459:Guidraco
7343:Mythunga
7335:Haliskia
7109:Mythunga
7093:Guidraco
7024:Haliskia
6601:Unwindia
5951:Xericeps
5856:Xericeps
5788:Xericeps
5689:Tapejara
5460:Xericeps
5415:Banguela
5188:Banguela
4417:Samrukia
4077:Ceoptera
2974:Chordata
2972:Phylum:
2968:Animalia
2914:at 14:47
2884:26319267
2787:: 6–11.
2502:35910775
2351:(2013).
2307:26131631
2214:: 53–76.
2130:3 August
2095:3 August
2062:31784545
1945:See also
1929:include
1867:lacewing
1470:polytomy
1093:Gondwana
955:coracoid
926:. Seven
920:notarium
909:coracoid
861:fenestra
793:cingulum
681:hologram
624:daktylos
541:Mesozoic
537:tetrapod
403:cingulum
371:daktylos
345:prepared
300:Kellner
256:Kellner
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
130:coracoid
32:95
7706:Lebanon
7680:Portals
6485:Alcione
5594:Wightia
2978:Class:
2646:Bibcode
2493:9336611
2264:24 July
2239:24 July
2169:Bibcode
2053:6884559
2030:Bibcode
1932:Keuppia
1918:lobster
1904:shrimp
1902:penaeid
1730:Bavaria
1706:decapod
1626:decapod
990:deltoid
982:humerus
951:scapula
933:sternum
905:scapula
853:choanae
757:rostrum
733:sparrow
576:prepare
568:pickaxe
513:fossils
444:decapod
411:deltoid
407:humerus
291:†
270:†
243:Genus:
185:Order:
134:humerus
126:scapula
101:↓
7665:401909
7611:401908
6050:Alanqa
5817:Alanqa
5399:Alanqa
4007:Sordes
3874:Sordes
2882:
2791:
2707:
2666:
2614:
2606:
2571:
2500:
2490:
2445:
2402:
2359:
2331:
2305:
2187:
2060:
2050:
1900:, the
1891:, the
1865:, the
1837:, the
1828:, the
1819:, the
1800:Crimea
1794:, and
1698:shrimp
1679:, and
1633:shrimp
1482:, and
877:, and
857:vomers
845:palate
843:. The
805:lancet
553:Africa
503:Byblos
499:Beirut
491:Hjoula
471:Hjoula
391:Africa
357:Beirut
337:Hjoula
304:, 2019
302:et al.
260:, 2019
258:et al.
5148:Piksi
3744:Dearc
3003:Clade
2994:Clade
2985:Clade
2860:(PDF)
2705:S2CID
2664:S2CID
2612:S2CID
2569:S2CID
2470:PeerJ
2400:S2CID
2185:S2CID
2157:(PDF)
1812:shark
1784:flora
1777:flint
1468:in a
1085:taxon
1061:clade
1029:femur
885:hyoid
821:basal
739:Skull
667:, an
656:Hakel
622:word
620:Greek
612:genus
427:clade
369:word
367:Greek
318:genus
316:is a
228:Clade
212:Clade
7647:GBIF
7593:GBIF
3036:see
2880:PMID
2844:: 5.
2789:ISSN
2604:ISSN
2498:PMID
2443:ISSN
2357:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2303:PMID
2266:2023
2241:2023
2132:2023
2097:2023
2058:PMID
1935:and
1910:and
1874:, a
1859:and
1119:The
1008:ulna
992:and
980:The
972:The
941:and
907:and
899:The
833:and
787:The
778:and
633:The
564:slab
551:and
413:and
389:and
347:and
136:(d)
128:and
40:PreꞒ
2872:doi
2842:III
2816:doi
2695:doi
2691:104
2654:doi
2596:doi
2561:doi
2529:doi
2525:151
2488:PMC
2478:doi
2435:doi
2390:doi
2293:doi
2177:doi
2048:PMC
2038:doi
1821:ray
1757:ray
1534:of
1494:of
847:of
477:(c)
355:in
320:of
7718::
7662::
7649::
7634::
7608::
7595::
7580::
3005::
2996::
2987::
2878:.
2868:45
2866:.
2862:.
2840:.
2828:^
2810:.
2783:.
2779:.
2762:79
2760:.
2756:.
2735:19
2733:.
2729:.
2717:^
2703:.
2689:.
2685:.
2662:.
2652:.
2642:52
2640:.
2636:.
2624:^
2610:.
2602:.
2590:.
2567:.
2557:22
2555:.
2543:^
2523:.
2519:.
2496:.
2486:.
2474:10
2472:.
2468:.
2441:.
2431:59
2429:.
2425:.
2398:.
2386:26
2384:.
2380:.
2315:^
2301:.
2289:87
2287:.
2283:.
2257:.
2232:.
2220:^
2212:41
2210:.
2206:.
2183:.
2175:.
2165:93
2163:.
2159:.
2140:^
2123:.
2105:^
2083:.
2070:^
2056:.
2046:.
2036:.
2024:.
2020:.
1970:^
1925:.
1790:,
1569:,
1561:,
1557:,
1553:,
1476:,
873:,
230::
214::
90:Pg
34:Ma
7682::
7454:?
7446:?
7411:?
7379:?
7354:?
7346:?
7338:?
7330:?
7322:?
7311:?
7274:?
7263:?
7255:?
7213:?
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7112:?
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7096:?
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7027:?
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6682:?
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5843:?
5835:?
5827:?
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5645:?
5637:?
5629:?
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5561:?
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5433:?
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5055:?
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4752:?
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4668:?
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2942:e
2935:t
2928:v
2886:.
2874::
2822:.
2818::
2812:5
2795:.
2785:6
2750:"
2711:.
2697::
2670:.
2656::
2648::
2618:.
2598::
2592:4
2575:.
2563::
2537:.
2531::
2504:.
2480::
2449:.
2437::
2423:"
2406:.
2392::
2365:.
2337:.
2309:.
2295::
2268:.
2243:.
2191:.
2179::
2171::
2134:.
2099:.
2064:.
2040::
2032::
2026:9
247:†
234:†
218:†
202:†
189:†
95:N
85:K
80:J
75:T
70:P
65:C
60:D
55:S
50:O
45:Ꞓ
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