509:
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2419:
266:
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58:
440:
than an equivalent open surgery. It may be more or less expensive (for dental implants, a minimally invasive method reduces the cost of installed implants and shortens the implant-prosthetic rehabilitation time with four–six months). Operative time is longer, but hospitalization time is shorter. It
901:
Belzberg, Micah; Mahapatra, Smruti; Perdomo-Pantoja, Alexander; Chavez, Francisco; Morrison, Kyle; Xiong, K. Timothy; Gamo, Nao J.; Restaino, Stephen A.; Thakor, Nitish; Yazdi, Youseph; Iyer, Rajiv; Tyler, Betty; Theodore, Nicholas; Luciano, Mark G.; Brem, Henry; Groves, Mari; Cohen, Alan R.;
954:
959:
976:
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made is enough to allow the surgery to take place. With tissues and structures exposed to the air, the procedure can be performed either with the unaided vision of the surgeon or with the use of
239:
on the incision, rather than multiple stitches or staples to close a large incision. This usually results in less infection, a quicker recovery time and shorter hospital stays, or allow
208:(needles and fine tubes), so that many conditions once requiring open surgery can now be treated non-surgically. A minimally invasive procedure typically involves the use of
204:. Many other minimally invasive procedures have followed where images of all parts of the body can be obtained and used to direct interventional instruments by way of
516:
Sometimes the use of non-invasive methods is not an option, so that the next level of minimally invasive techniques are looked to. These include the use of
168:
Diagnostic techniques that do not involve incisions, puncturing the skin, or the introduction of foreign objects or materials into the body are known as
408:
handled via tubes inserted into the body through small openings in its surface. The images of the interior of the body are transmitted to an external
165:
instead of the large incisions needed in traditional surgery. As a result, many conditions once requiring surgery can now be treated non-surgically.
273:
Many medical procedures are called minimally invasive; those that involve small incisions through which an endoscope is inserted, end in the suffix
795:
1366:
Rohrscheib M, Robinson R, Eaton RP (September 2003). "Non-invasive glucose sensors and improved informatics--the future of diabetes management".
615:
1300:
Lymberis A, Olsson S (2003). "Intelligent biomedical clothing for personal health and disease management: state of the art and future vision".
2465:
17:
1477:
Jacobs A, Heiss WD (April 2002). "Towards non-invasive imaging of HSV-1 vector-mediated gene expression by positron emission tomography".
131:. Incisions made during open surgery can sometimes leave large wounds that may be painful and take a long time to heal. Advancements in
1918:
2259:
605:
172:. Several treatment procedures are classified as non-invasive. A major example of a non-invasive alternative treatment to surgery is
1858:
1440:
Malhi GS, Valenzuela M, Wen W, Sachdev P (February 2002). "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its applications in psychiatry".
771:
744:
2158:
42:
2848:
2663:
2658:
2294:
1636:
2817:
2458:
1075:
prevents hypothermia, peritoneal injury, and intra-abdominal adhesions during prolonged laparoscopic insufflations".
330:
216:
devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an
2721:
1133:
Tachibana K (March 2004). "Emerging technologies in therapeutic ultrasound: thermal ablation to gene delivery".
30:"Invasiveness" and "Invasive (medical)" redirect here. For "invasive" as related to abnormal tissue growth, see
2746:
2412:
2284:
1718:
123:
time, associated pain, and risk of infection. Surgery by definition is invasive, and many operations requiring
2487:
1605:
1403:
Jacobs AH, Winkeler A, Dittmar C, Hilker R, Heiss WD (2002). "Prospects of molecular imaging in neurology".
2843:
2627:
2451:
2264:
369:
136:
1908:
244:
1329:
Söling A, Rainov NG (October 2003). "Bioluminescence imaging in vivo - application to cancer research".
1263:
Cherry SR (February 2004). "In vivo molecular and genomic imaging: new challenges for imaging physics".
787:
1888:
2496:
2317:
1000:"Intensive care after minimally invasive and conventional coronary surgery: a prospective comparison"
140:
35:
904:"Minimally invasive therapeutic ultrasound: Ultrasound-guided ultrasound ablation in neuro-oncology"
2787:
2741:
2109:
2031:
2026:
1946:
1706:
541:
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techniques, radiologists were able to direct interventional instruments through the body by way of
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68:
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734:
144:
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2218:
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2070:
1765:
657:"Impact of hospital market competition on endovascular aneurysm repair adoption and outcomes"
243:
treatment. However, the safety and effectiveness of each procedure must be demonstrated with
508:
184:
135:
have enabled the development and regular use of minimally invasive procedures. For example,
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in the US as of 2003. The procedure involves much smaller incisions than the corresponding
132:
8:
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2632:
2432:
2374:
2357:
2016:
1733:
1506:
Leman JA, Morton CA (January 2002). "Photodynamic therapy: applications in dermatology".
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88:
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2011:
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Risks and complications of minimally invasive procedures are the same as for any other
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449:, speeds recovery, and reduces the incidence of post-surgical complications, such as
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124:
1535:
1469:
1358:
1255:
1162:
1071:
Peng Y, Zheng M, Ye Q, Chen X, Yu B, Liu B (January 2009). "Heated and humidified CO
1033:
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1432:
1412:
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1375:
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1309:
1272:
1235:
1205:
Richie RC (2002). "Non-invasive assessment of the risk of coronary heart disease".
1183:
1142:
1084:
1011:
955:"Minimally invasive method of early dental implant placement in two surgical steps"
925:
915:
873:
832:
822:
713:
668:
655:
Sethi RK, Henry AJ, Hevelone ND, Lipsitz SR, Belkin M, Nguyen LL (September 2013).
454:
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1951:
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1313:
878:
861:
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353:
139:, a minimally invasive surgery, has become the most common method of repairing
1342:
1226:
Golder W (June 2004). "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in clinical oncology".
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827:
673:
656:
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2566:
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1983:
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120:
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1321:
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1154:
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1025:
939:
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862:"Current status of robotic assisted pelvic surgery and future developments"
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529:
401:
365:
310:
302:
209:
1564:
1016:
999:
846:
488:
and peritoneal trauma due to increased exposure to cold, dry gases during
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2731:
2713:
2599:
2514:
2509:
2201:
2146:
2043:
1898:
1873:
1691:
1172:"Functional magnetic resonance imaging for brain mapping in neurosurgery"
575:
545:
485:
397:
326:
306:
282:
225:
197:
416:, visually identifying internal features and acting surgically on them.
235:
By use of a minimally invasive procedure, a patient may require only an
98:
57:
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1913:
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1848:
1843:
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345:
240:
1416:
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62:
Endovascular aneurysm repair - example of minimally invasive procedure
2362:
2104:
2099:
1963:
1941:
1816:
1780:
525:
474:
289:. Other examples of minimally invasive procedures include the use of
278:
265:
217:
119:
techniques that limit the size of incisions needed, thereby reducing
82:
766:(32nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. p. 1573.
2531:
2443:
1868:
1645:
1543:
Richter JE (November 1997). "Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring".
610:
205:
162:
41:"Minimally Invasive Surgery" redirects here. For the journal, see
2347:
1807:
1775:
1668:
470:
425:
290:
116:
27:
Surgical technique that limits size of surgical incisions needed
2581:
31:
571:
373:
342:
220:
or large scale display panel, and is carried out through the
201:
157:
were the forerunners of minimally invasive procedures. Using
376:(single photon emission tomography). Related procedures are
232:
now offers many techniques that avoid the need for surgery.
2585:
1614:
1402:
446:
442:
221:
1439:
1048:"Minimally Invasive Surgery. Keyhole Surgery information"
654:
960:
Revista de chirurgie oro-maxilo-facială și implantologie
1365:
998:
Kilger E, Weis FC, Goetz AE, et al. (March 2001).
860:
Ahmed K, Khan MS, Vats A, et al. (October 2009).
582:
commonly called a "slipped disc", and most types of
496:
therapy, which is the use of heated and humidified CO
1442:
The
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
702:"Global Statement Defining Interventional Radiology"
566:"Open surgery" is any surgical procedure where the
1115:"Minimally Invasive Cancer Treatments Highlighted"
2835:
706:Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
412:and the surgeon has the possibility of making a
192:Minimally invasive procedures were pioneered by
2495:
1070:
997:
808:
616:Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery
1299:
2459:
1630:
859:
759:
732:
578:. Some examples of open surgery used are for
1405:Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. Supplement
1328:
532:which involves needle puncture of the skin,
1505:
1476:
1132:
952:
894:
2466:
2452:
1919:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
1637:
1623:
1542:
56:
2260:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
1262:
1204:
1187:
1015:
929:
919:
877:
836:
826:
717:
672:
606:ASA physical status classification system
1225:
1169:
788:"Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures"
763:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary
739:(32nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 955.
736:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
507:
500:for insufflation, may reduce this risk.
473:, among the risks are: death, bleeding,
264:
183:
14:
2836:
696:
694:
692:
503:
260:
2447:
1618:
2473:
2398:
2159:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
1582:. Medical Encyclopedia, MedlinePlus.
1508:Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
1331:Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
43:Minimally Invasive Surgery (journal)
2664:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
2408:
689:
24:
2659:Isolated organ perfusion technique
2295:Medical Scientist Training Program
1368:Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
1147:10.1111/j.1749-0774.2004.tb00015.x
1106:
988:(webpage has a translation button)
798:from the original on Sep 29, 2023.
484:There may be an increased risk of
25:
2860:
1573:
1302:Telemedicine Journal and e-Health
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2388:
2387:
1588:
1580:Minimally invasive heart surgery
1545:The American Journal of Medicine
1454:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00992.x
1380:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00275.x
1077:The Journal of Surgical Research
953:Topalo V, Chele N (March 2012).
866:International Journal of Surgery
127:of some size are referred to as
2722:Digital subtraction angiography
2428:
1265:Physics in Medicine and Biology
1064:
1040:
991:
555:
179:
2747:Magnetic resonance angiography
2285:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1719:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
946:
853:
802:
780:
753:
726:
648:
293:, and air-pressure injection,
212:(for joints and the spine) or
13:
1:
2818:Ankle–brachial pressure index
1557:10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00338-0
1491:10.1016/S0378-1135(01)00488-6
1207:Journal of Insurance Medicine
1170:Kim PE, Singh M (July 2003).
642:
457:. Some studies have compared
109:Minimally invasive procedures
18:Minimally-invasive procedures
2628:Endovascular aneurysm repair
2265:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
2032:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
1644:
1606:Minimally invasive procedure
921:10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106210
387:
370:positron emission tomography
251:in 1984, who wrote of it in
245:randomized controlled trials
176:, also called radiotherapy.
137:endovascular aneurysm repair
113:minimally invasive surgeries
51:Minimally invasive procedure
7:
593:
428:should have less operative
419:
200:and the catheter-delivered
194:interventional radiologists
155:Interventional radiologists
10:
2865:
2849:Minimally invasive surgery
1314:10.1089/153056203772744716
1277:10.1088/0031-9155/49/3/R01
879:10.1016/j.ijsu.2009.08.008
809:Wickham JE' (1987-12-19).
719:10.1016/j.jvir.2010.05.006
712:(8): 1147–1149. Aug 2010.
559:
141:abdominal aortic aneurysms
40:
29:
2805:
2780:
2757:
2712:
2703:
2641:
2613:
2580:
2547:
2481:
2383:
2305:
2243:
2004:
1932:
1887:
1796:
1667:
1652:
1343:10.1517/14712598.3.7.1163
1089:10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.039
828:10.1136/bmj.295.6613.1581
674:10.1016/j.jvs.2013.02.014
337:, permanent placement of
247:. The term was coined by
196:who had first introduced
95:
81:
67:
55:
50:
36:Invasive (disambiguation)
2788:Intravascular ultrasound
2742:Radionuclide angiography
2219:Transplantation medicine
2110:Clinical neurophysiology
2027:Obstetric anesthesiology
1947:Interventional radiology
1707:Digestive system surgery
464:
335:coronary catheterization
323:interventional radiology
230:Interventional radiology
2793:Carotid ultrasonography
2737:Fluorescein angiography
2090:Intensive care medicine
2064:Mass gathering medicine
1909:Maternal–fetal medicine
1520:10.1517/14712598.2.1.45
1479:Veterinary Microbiology
1189:10.3171/foc.2003.15.1.1
1004:Intensive Care Medicine
902:Manbachi, Amir (2020).
494:surgical humidification
254:British Medical Journal
228:or anatomical opening.
170:non-invasive procedures
2772:Impedance phlebography
2649:Cardiopulmonary bypass
2557:Ambulatory phlebectomy
2525:Carotid endarterectomy
1682:Cardiothoracic surgery
760:Daniel Albert (2012).
626:Biomedical engineering
513:
479:thromboembolic disease
382:robot-assisted surgery
270:
189:
34:. For other uses, see
2333:Personalized medicine
2192:Reproductive medicine
2117:Occupational medicine
2071:Evolutionary medicine
1017:10.1007/s001340000788
511:
396:may be used, such as
268:
187:
2727:Cerebral angiography
2488:Endovascular surgery
2353:Traditional medicine
2313:Alternative medicine
2180:Addiction psychiatry
1994:Transfusion medicine
1989:Medical microbiology
1904:Gynecologic oncology
1756:Reproductive surgery
1119:www.sciencedaily.com
975:. 60. Archived from
550:stereotactic surgery
534:laparoscopic surgery
530:percutaneous surgery
518:hypodermic injection
477:, organ injury, and
406:surgical instruments
378:image-guided surgery
350:stereotactic surgery
319:endovascular surgery
291:hypodermic injection
188:Arthroscopic surgery
133:medical technologies
2844:Medical terminology
2686:Seldinger technique
2681:First rib resection
2633:Open aortic surgery
2375:History of medicine
2358:Veterinary medicine
2165:Preventive medicine
2017:Adolescent medicine
1859:Infectious diseases
1176:Neurosurgical Focus
1121:. November 28, 2005
821:(6613): 1581–1582.
504:Invasive procedures
424:Minimally invasive
261:Specific procedures
149:open aortic surgery
2323:Molecular oncology
2280:Doctor of Medicine
2270:Master of Medicine
2187:Radiation oncology
2059:Emergency medicine
2012:Addiction medicine
1979:Clinical chemistry
1974:Clinical pathology
1766:Transplant surgery
1724:Orthopedic surgery
1702:Colorectal surgery
733:Dorland's (2012).
514:
471:surgical operation
400:cables, miniature
354:the Nuss procedure
299:refractive surgery
295:subdermal implants
271:
269:Flexible endoscope
249:John E. A. Wickham
190:
2831:
2830:
2801:
2800:
2699:
2698:
2676:Revascularization
2441:
2440:
2275:Master of Surgery
2239:
2238:
2224:Tropical medicine
2170:Prison healthcare
2085:Hospital medicine
2049:Disaster medicine
2039:Aviation medicine
1854:Hospital medicine
1761:Surgical oncology
1746:Pediatric surgery
1740:
1687:Endocrine surgery
1551:(5A): 130S–134S.
1417:10.1002/jcb.10414
1240:10.1159/000077983
811:"The new surgery"
773:978-1-4160-6257-8
746:978-1-4160-6257-8
631:Molecular imaging
542:coronary catheter
394:medical equipment
364:methods, such as
174:radiation therapy
106:
105:
16:(Redirected from
2856:
2806:Other diagnostic
2710:
2709:
2537:Carotid stenting
2497:Arterial disease
2493:
2492:
2475:Vascular surgery
2468:
2461:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2431:
2430:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2095:Medical genetics
2080:General practice
1957:Nuclear medicine
1832:Gastroenterology
1788:Vascular surgery
1738:
1665:
1664:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1615:
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724:
723:
721:
698:
687:
686:
676:
652:
536:commonly called
237:adhesive bandage
99:edit on Wikidata
91:
77:
60:
48:
47:
21:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2797:
2776:
2753:
2705:Medical imaging
2695:
2671:Vascular access
2637:
2615:Aortic aneurysm
2609:
2576:
2543:
2505:Vascular bypass
2486:
2477:
2472:
2442:
2437:
2379:
2368:Chief physician
2301:
2246:
2235:
2229:Travel medicine
2214:Sports medicine
2197:Sexual medicine
2137:Palliative care
2132:Pain management
2076:Family medicine
2054:Diving medicine
2000:
1928:
1890:
1883:
1799:
1792:
1751:Plastic surgery
1697:General surgery
1677:Cardiac surgery
1658:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1593:
1589:
1576:
1571:
1124:
1122:
1113:
1109:
1107:Further reading
1104:
1074:
1069:
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1046:
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996:
992:
982:
980:
963:(in Romanian).
951:
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758:
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747:
731:
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690:
653:
649:
645:
640:
596:
584:cardiac surgery
564:
562:General surgery
558:
538:keyhole surgery
506:
499:
467:
438:adverse effects
422:
390:
362:medical imaging
315:keyhole surgery
263:
182:
111:(also known as
102:
87:
73:
63:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2691:Vascular snare
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2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:Venous cutdown
2591:
2589:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2572:Vein stripping
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2549:Venous disease
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2520:Endarterectomy
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
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2479:
2478:
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2463:
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2306:Related topics
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
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2255:Medical school
2251:
2249:
2241:
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2233:
2232:
2231:
2221:
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2206:
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2189:
2184:
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2167:
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2022:Anesthesiology
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
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1961:
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1949:
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1930:
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1926:
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1916:
1911:
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1895:
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1889:Obstetrics and
1885:
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1876:
1871:
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1856:
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1846:
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1771:Trauma surgery
1768:
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1734:Otolaryngology
1731:
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1710:
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1679:
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1660:subspecialties
1650:
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1642:
1641:
1634:
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1574:External links
1572:
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1485:(1–2): 27–36.
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2567:Sclerotherapy
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2127:Oral medicine
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2123:
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2120:
2118:
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2047:
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2033:
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2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Cytopathology
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1924:Urogynecology
1922:
1920:
1917:
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1912:
1910:
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1900:
1897:
1896:
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1827:Endocrinology
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1823:
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1608:
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872:(5): 431–40.
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661:J. Vasc. Surg
658:
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495:
491:
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482:
480:
476:
472:
462:
460:
459:heart surgery
456:
455:wound rupture
452:
448:
444:
439:
435:
434:complications
431:
427:
417:
415:
411:
410:video monitor
407:
403:
402:video cameras
399:
395:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:radioactivity
355:
351:
347:
344:
340:
336:
332:
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320:
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288:
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276:
267:
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256:
255:
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246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
224:or through a
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
186:
177:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
150:
147:procedure of
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:wound healing
118:
114:
110:
100:
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90:
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66:
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33:
19:
2823:Toe pressure
2654:Cardioplegia
2343:Rural health
2328:Nanomedicine
1879:Rheumatology
1810: /
1729:Hand surgery
1714:Neurosurgery
1604:
1603:
1602:profile for
1599:
1548:
1544:
1514:(1): 45–53.
1511:
1507:
1482:
1478:
1448:(1): 31–43.
1445:
1441:
1408:
1404:
1374:(5): 280–4.
1371:
1367:
1334:
1330:
1305:
1301:
1268:
1264:
1234:(3): 304–9.
1231:
1227:
1213:(1): 31–42.
1210:
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1179:
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1134:
1123:. Retrieved
1118:
1080:
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1066:
1055:. Retrieved
1052:patient.info
1051:
1042:
1010:(3): 534–9.
1007:
1003:
993:
981:. Retrieved
977:the original
967:(1): 16–23.
964:
958:
948:
911:
907:
896:
869:
865:
855:
818:
814:
804:
791:
782:
762:
755:
735:
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705:
664:
660:
650:
636:Venipuncture
621:Traumatology
588:neurosurgery
565:
556:Open surgery
537:
515:
490:insufflation
483:
468:
441:causes less
423:
404:and special
391:
366:gamma camera
331:embolization
311:microsurgery
303:percutaneous
274:
272:
252:
234:
214:laparoscopic
210:arthroscopic
191:
180:Medical uses
167:
153:
145:open surgery
129:open surgery
128:
115:) encompass
112:
108:
107:
2767:Portography
2732:Aortography
2714:Angiography
2600:Arteriotomy
2515:Atherectomy
2510:Angioplasty
2413:Wikiproject
2202:Venereology
2147:Neonatology
2044:Dermatology
1899:Gynaecology
1891:gynaecology
1874:Pulmonology
1692:Eye surgery
1654:Specialties
1141:(1): 7–15.
1083:(1): 40–7.
908:Ultrasonics
792:MeSH - NCBI
576:microscopes
546:angioplasty
520:(using the
512:Angioplasty
486:hypothermia
398:fiber optic
327:angioplasty
307:cryosurgery
287:arthroscopy
283:laparoscopy
226:body cavity
198:angioplasty
2838:Categories
2813:Angioscopy
2781:Ultrasound
2759:Venography
2619:dissection
2605:Phlebotomy
2175:Psychiatry
2161:(PM&R)
2154:Phlebology
2142:Pediatrics
1969:Anatomical
1934:Diagnostic
1914:Obstetrics
1864:Nephrology
1849:Hematology
1844:Geriatrics
1837:Hepatology
1822:Cardiology
1812:Immunology
1411:: 98–109.
1135:Human Cell
1125:2015-08-03
1057:2017-05-25
983:2012-08-19
643:References
601:Anesthesia
560:See also:
346:electrodes
277:, such as
241:outpatient
2363:Physician
2247:education
2105:Neurology
2100:Narcology
1964:Pathology
1942:Radiology
1817:Angiology
1781:Andrology
1293:250810092
1228:Onkologie
1182:(1): E1.
973:2069-3850
526:endoscope
475:infection
451:adhesions
414:diagnosis
388:Equipment
325:(such as
305:surgery,
279:endoscopy
257:in 1987.
218:endoscope
206:catheters
163:catheters
125:incisions
83:eMedicine
2582:Arterial
2532:Stenting
2483:Vascular
2393:Category
1869:Oncology
1800:medicine
1798:Internal
1646:Medicine
1536:40893453
1528:11772339
1499:11888687
1470:15981685
1462:11929436
1425:12552609
1388:12940864
1359:28865110
1351:14519079
1322:14980096
1285:15012005
1256:20644834
1248:15249722
1219:15303592
1198:15355003
1163:19482620
1155:15369132
1097:18639246
1034:23157051
1026:11355122
940:32619834
888:19735746
815:Br Med J
796:Archived
683:23684424
611:Medicine
594:See also
568:incision
447:scarring
432:, other
420:Benefits
392:Special
117:surgical
2433:Outline
2403:Commons
2348:Therapy
2245:Medical
1808:Allergy
1776:Urology
1669:Surgery
1596:Scholia
1565:9422638
1433:8618818
1396:7192060
931:8895244
847:3121078
838:1257475
522:syringe
426:surgery
360:-based
275:-oscopy
159:imaging
75:D019060
2588:access
2586:venous
2423:Portal
2290:MD–PhD
1598:has a
1563:
1534:
1526:
1497:
1468:
1460:
1431:
1423:
1394:
1386:
1357:
1349:
1320:
1291:
1283:
1254:
1246:
1217:
1196:
1161:
1153:
1095:
1032:
1024:
971:
938:
928:
886:
845:
835:
770:
743:
681:
572:loupes
524:), an
430:trauma
380:, and
339:spinal
321:using
89:938198
32:Cancer
2642:Other
2005:Other
1600:topic
1532:S2CID
1466:S2CID
1429:S2CID
1392:S2CID
1355:S2CID
1289:S2CID
1252:S2CID
1159:S2CID
1030:S2CID
465:Risks
374:SPECT
343:brain
202:stent
97:[
2584:and
2485:and
1561:PMID
1524:PMID
1495:PMID
1458:PMID
1421:PMID
1384:PMID
1347:PMID
1318:PMID
1281:PMID
1244:PMID
1215:PMID
1194:PMID
1151:PMID
1093:PMID
1022:PMID
969:ISSN
936:PMID
884:PMID
843:PMID
768:ISBN
741:ISBN
679:PMID
586:and
548:and
540:, a
453:and
445:and
443:pain
436:and
372:and
341:and
222:skin
69:MeSH
1739:ENT
1657:and
1553:doi
1549:103
1516:doi
1487:doi
1450:doi
1413:doi
1376:doi
1339:doi
1310:doi
1273:doi
1236:doi
1184:doi
1143:doi
1085:doi
1081:151
1012:doi
926:PMC
916:doi
912:108
874:doi
833:PMC
823:doi
819:295
714:doi
669:doi
574:or
333:),
329:or
2840::
2617:/
2078:/
1559:.
1547:.
1530:.
1522:.
1510:.
1493:.
1483:86
1481:.
1464:.
1456:.
1446:36
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