1560:
94:
2017:
1681:
249:
36:
1123:
689:
2601:
157:
2611:
886:
exception is the Arabic medium schools, which have 9 years of primary/intermediate schooling and 3 years of secondary education. The tertiary level for both systems has a minimum of two years with many running for four. Each subsector is described and assessed in detail in the relevant chapters of this report.
885:
systems, running for up to two to three years. Primary schooling lasts for eight years and is divided into a four year-elementary or lower primary cycle and a four-year intermediate or upper primary cycle. Secondary education and
Vocational Training (as per design) also run for four years. The
894:
Somaliland envisions education as means to prepare all learners to become life-long learners equipped with the skills, knowledge and attitudes to be successfully productive citizens, This supports the
Government of Somaliland's Vision 2030, which states that Somaliland will be “A nation whose
973:
To provide young people with the basic skills which help them to contribute various communities in
Somaliland in areas of animal husbandry, fishing, agriculture, budgeting, family welfare, community development, care for the
895:
citizens enjoy equitable and quality education.” The Vision provides a roadmap to ensure that no one is left behind in national development, through its intent on affirmative action. Vision 2030 inspires
1362:
922:
To provide learners with appropriate knowledge, insights, skills and values as well as empowering them to realize their potential that will enable them to make worthwhile contributions to society.
1548:
2066:
761:) The Ministry of Education and Science of Somaliland is a national executive authority responsible for the state policy development and normative and legal regulation in the sphere of
1660:
1605:
793:, social support and social protection of students and pupils of educational institutions. The work of the Ministry of Education and Science of Somaliland is governed by the
1526:
801:. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Somaliland worked in cooperation with other national executive bodies, executive bodies of the subjects of the
1541:
1615:
1492:
1466:
1149:
1036:
1388:
2002:
1896:
1534:
1084:
1521:
1227:
1060:
1254:
1936:
1715:
726:
1175:
1705:
1655:
2640:
2256:
1610:
1564:
1556:
1810:
1700:
953:
To support learners, acquire practical skills and manual dexterity through productive activities integrated into the actual curriculum.
2246:
1756:
1665:
608:
590:
586:
531:
1710:
1650:
1630:
899:
to focus on commonly owned goals concerning shared values and principles around which they can rally to build a prosperous nation.
572:
2319:
1670:
1590:
665:
541:
2078:
1961:
1916:
1735:
497:
492:
424:
943:
To build the foundation for learners in the three areas of science while developing for them the practical application skills.
699:
2312:
1725:
1720:
1334:
1306:
1278:
478:
473:
468:
463:
370:
1201:
1823:
1580:
719:
519:
514:
509:
2408:
327:
1335:"Rupublic of Somaliland - Ministry of Education and Higher Studies - Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP 2017-2021)"
1307:"Rupublic of Somaliland - Ministry of Education and Higher Studies - Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP 2017-2021)"
1279:"Rupublic of Somaliland - Ministry of Education and Higher Studies - Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP 2017-2021)"
2570:
1645:
1620:
1585:
1108:
2431:
2348:
2329:
2105:
1640:
1625:
1595:
1441:"Somaliland: Madaxweyne Muuse Biixi oo Muddo Sanad ah Kaddib isku Shaandheeyey Qaar ka mid ah Golahiisa Wasiirrada"
1415:"Somaliland: Madaxweyne Muuse Biixi oo Muddo Sanad ah Kaddib isku Shaandheeyey Qaar ka mid ah Golahiisa Wasiirrada"
1113:
1103:
404:
296:
2635:
2507:
2403:
2241:
1966:
1803:
1635:
712:
621:
562:
2492:
2455:
2398:
2137:
1946:
986:
956:
Provide learners the opportunity to develop their individual talents and ability to acquire critical thinking,
546:
915:
To build the foundation for learners to be committed to the preservation and enrichment of their culture, and
2502:
2497:
2472:
2353:
650:
2418:
2341:
2336:
2307:
2041:
1931:
354:
315:
1493:"Wasiirka Waxbarashada Somaliland oo Faahfaahiyey Qorshe loo Marayo Mideynta Manhajka Waxbarasho ee Dalka"
1467:"Wasiirka Waxbarashada Somaliland oo Faahfaahiyey Qorshe loo Marayo Mideynta Manhajka Waxbarasho ee Dalka"
1150:"Wasiirka Waxbarashada Somaliland oo Faahfaahiyey Qorshe loo Marayo Mideynta Manhajka Waxbarasho ee Dalka"
2512:
1997:
1992:
2261:
2231:
2016:
1906:
1796:
1777:
1730:
794:
598:
267:
40:
2575:
2388:
2358:
2266:
940:
To provide a sound foundation of arithmetic and the application of mathematics to practical problems.
613:
963:
To provide students the opportunities to appreciate learning and develop desire to continue learning
2302:
2251:
1956:
349:
287:
280:
2582:
2482:
2477:
2441:
2324:
2290:
2273:
2236:
2142:
2025:
1971:
1772:
1751:
670:
449:
436:
399:
292:
2560:
2210:
1921:
957:
947:
896:
363:
239:
2522:
2436:
2376:
2226:
2159:
2051:
2046:
1976:
1911:
1831:
790:
786:
675:
431:
138:
109:
2565:
2413:
1886:
1072:
1012:
806:
805:, local authorities, public associations and other institutions. The current minister is
8:
2604:
2550:
2545:
2530:
2423:
2149:
2056:
1941:
1901:
1048:
975:
874:
603:
379:
2487:
2393:
1891:
1695:
881:. Pre-primary (early childhood) is now integrated into formal education and in private
645:
375:
320:
2614:
2610:
2295:
1926:
1881:
1866:
1128:
870:
693:
2555:
1363:"Dedaalka-Wasaaradda Waxbarashada Iyo Tacliinta Sare ee Waxbarashadda Bilaashka ah"
1024:
967:
934:
878:
198:
2115:
2110:
2083:
2061:
1876:
926:
754:
746:
194:
190:
1228:"Wasiirka Waxbarashada oo Shaacisay Xiliga la Qabanayo Imtixaanka Shahaadiga ah"
925:
To provide children with the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills in
2540:
1951:
1871:
916:
798:
782:
306:
2629:
2187:
2093:
409:
1255:"Wasiirka Waxbarashadda oo 13-waaxood ku soo Koobay Waaxiyihii Wasaaradaasi"
981:
To raise awareness among pupils about issues including reproductive health,
2467:
2172:
1856:
797:, National Education Act, National Constitutional Laws, and Decrees by the
655:
88:
1440:
1414:
1176:"Wasaaradda Waxbarashada Go'aan ka Soo Saartawy Furashada Dugsiyada Cusub"
1389:"Wasiirka Waxbarashada Somaliland oo Shaqada ka Joojiyay Agaasimaha Guud"
359:
342:
134:
2535:
2130:
2125:
2098:
1819:
1680:
1559:
802:
778:
774:
248:
148:
93:
74:
35:
1788:
2120:
2088:
1851:
1846:
950:, and the awareness of the role of technology in national development
909:
866:
762:
576:
156:
2192:
2071:
982:
766:
84:
882:
770:
122:
912:
sector are further detailed for the education sector as follows:
2182:
2177:
930:
742:
Ministry of
Education and Science of the Republic of Somaliland
1661:
2167:
1861:
993:
2278:
569:
Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation
1897:
Postage stamps and postal history of
British Somaliland
865:
The
Somaliland education system has four main levels:
1202:"Xukuumada Somaliland oo Shaqaaleysiisay 954 Macalim"
1118:
1606:Ministry of Employment, Social and Family Affairs
2627:
1937:List of colonial governors of British Somaliland
1716:Somaliland Civil Aviation and Airports Authority
902:
1522:ReliefWeb Report of the Education of Somaliland
751:Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Sayniska Somaliland
29:Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Sayniska Somaliland
1706:Good Governance and Anti-Corruption Commission
860:
164:Ministry of Education and Science (Somaliland)
1804:
1656:Ministry of Information and National Guidance
1616:Ministry of Environment and Rural Development
1566:Somaliland government ministries and agencies
1542:
720:
1811:
1797:
1549:
1535:
795:Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland
727:
713:
994:Former Ministers of Education And Science
1711:National Displacement and Refugee Agency
978:, community health and physical fitness.
1818:
1252:
799:President of the Republic of Somaliland
2628:
1917:Italian invasion of British Somaliland
1792:
1721:Somaliland Quality Control Commission
1530:
970:, technical and vocational trainings.
966:To prepare students for tertiary and
960:, self-reliance, and logical judgment
836:Administration and Finance department
1053:14 December 2017 – 10 November 2018
1041:28 February 2015 – 14 December 2017
827:Communication Information department
2641:Government ministries of Somaliland
1077:1 December 2019 – 22 November 2023
1065:10 November 2018 – 1 December 2019
851:Somali Language Development academy
824:Technical and Vocational department
758:
24:Ministry of Education & Science
13:
14:
2652:
1601:Ministry of Education and Science
1515:
1109:Ministry of Interior (Somaliland)
135:Ministry of Education and Science
16:Somaliland Government Institution
2609:
2600:
2599:
2015:
1679:
1558:
1121:
1114:Ministry of Defence (Somaliland)
1104:Ministry of Finance (Somaliland)
1029:27 July 2010 – 28 February 2015
946:To lay the foundation for basic
833:Educational Resources department
687:
247:
169:National education budget (2015)
155:
92:
34:
1611:Ministry of Energy and Minerals
1485:
1459:
1433:
1407:
1381:
821:Non-formal Education department
1355:
1327:
1299:
1271:
1253:Maxamed, Khadar (2020-03-14).
1246:
1220:
1194:
1168:
1142:
845:Education Balancing department
812:
789:, as well as in the sphere of
123:https://moe.govsomaliland.org/
1:
1701:National Electoral Commission
1135:
903:National Education Objectives
1932:1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion
1757:National Intelligence Agency
1666:Ministry of Youth and Sports
839:Quality Assurance department
7:
1962:Declaration of Independence
1651:Ministry of Water Resources
1631:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1097:
1089:22 November 2023 - present
1017:5 July 2003 – 27 July 2010
861:Somaliland Education System
818:Formal Education department
622:Puntland–Somaliland dispute
410:Chief Justice of Somaliland
58:; 32 years ago
10:
2657:
1907:Somaliland campaign (1920)
1778:Somaliland Custodial Corps
1766:Law Enforcement and Prison
1731:Somaliland Ports Authority
1671:Ministry of Transportation
1591:Ministry of Civil Aviation
908:To National goals for the
41:Coat of arms of Somaliland
2595:
2521:
2463:
2454:
2384:
2375:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2158:
2037:
2033:
2024:
2013:
1985:
1839:
1830:
1765:
1745:Military and Intelligence
1744:
1736:Somaliland Road Authority
1688:
1677:
1573:
1342:www.globalpartnership.org
1314:www.globalpartnership.org
1286:www.globalpartnership.org
889:
830:Human Resource department
225:
217:
209:
204:
186:
181:
173:
168:
163:
154:
133:
128:
118:
101:
80:
70:
52:
47:
33:
28:
2313:House of Representatives
1726:Civil Service Commission
1037:Abdillahi Ibrahim Habane
848:Teacher Training college
425:Administrative divisions
371:House of Representatives
1972:2022 Waheen Market fire
1773:Somaliland Police Force
1752:Somaliland Armed Forces
1581:Ministry of Agriculture
400:Judiciary of Somaliland
2636:Politics of Somaliland
1922:Somaliland Camel Corps
1497:www.somalilandpost.net
1471:www.somalilandpost.net
1367:www.somalilandpost.net
1154:www.somalilandpost.net
948:information technology
803:Republic of Somaliland
750:
587:Diplomatic missions of
364:Suleiman Mohamoud Adan
240:Politics of Somaliland
21:Republic of Somaliland
1977:Outline of Somaliland
1912:1922 Burao Tax Revolt
787:intellectual property
759:وزارة التعليم والعلوم
694:Somaliland portal
2143:Sa'ad ad-Din Islands
1887:Habr Yunis Sultanate
1646:Ministry of Planning
1621:Ministry of Interior
1586:Ministry of Commerce
1013:Hassan Haji Mohamoud
875:secondary/vocational
842:Inclusive department
807:Ahmed Mohamed Diriye
328:Council of Ministers
102:Minister responsible
2247:Diplomatic missions
1947:War of Independence
1942:State of Somaliland
1902:Somaliland campaign
1641:Ministry of Justice
1626:Ministry of Finance
1596:Ministry of Defence
1073:Ahmed Mohamed Dirie
1049:Yasin Haji Mohamoud
871:primary/alternative
405:Ministry of Justice
380:Yasin Haji Mohamoud
151:
108:Ahmed Aden Buhane,
25:
2432:Telecommunications
1892:British Somaliland
1696:Bank of Somaliland
1636:Ministry of Health
321:Abdirahman Saylici
146:
19:
2623:
2622:
2591:
2590:
2450:
2449:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2320:Political parties
2296:Somaliland Police
2242:Foreign relations
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2011:
2010:
1957:National Movement
1927:Somaliland Scouts
1882:Battle of Berbera
1867:Sultanate of Ifat
1786:
1785:
1129:Somaliland portal
1095:
1094:
1085:Ahmed Aden Buhane
857:
737:
736:
666:Political parties
639:National symbols
609:Visa requirements
563:Foreign relations
542:Political parties
233:
232:
187:Primary languages
144:
143:
48:Ministry overview
22:
2648:
2613:
2603:
2602:
2503:Independence Day
2461:
2460:
2427:
2382:
2381:
2286:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2019:
1837:
1836:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1683:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1146:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1025:Zamzam Abdi Adan
998:
997:
968:higher education
879:higher education
855:
760:
729:
722:
715:
692:
691:
690:
251:
235:
234:
159:
152:
145:
97:
96:
66:
64:
59:
38:
26:
20:
18:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2587:
2517:
2498:Public holidays
2473:National emblem
2446:
2425:
2363:
2308:House of Elders
2280:
2197:
2154:
2084:Golis Mountains
2079:Mountain ranges
2062:Greater Somalia
2020:
2007:
1981:
1877:Isaaq Sultanate
1826:
1817:
1787:
1782:
1761:
1740:
1684:
1675:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1555:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1261:
1259:Wargeyska Dawan
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1232:Wargeyska Dawan
1226:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1206:Wargeyska Dawan
1200:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1180:Wargeyska Dawan
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1100:
1061:Osman Adan Jama
996:
958:self-expression
905:
892:
863:
815:
733:
704:
700:Other countries
688:
686:
681:
680:
660:
635:
627:
626:
618:
599:Nationality law
595:
583:
565:
555:
554:
553:
536:
524:
502:
491:Parliamentary:
485:
452:
442:
441:
427:
417:
416:
395:
387:
386:
355:House of Elders
345:
335:
334:
283:
273:
272:
263:
242:
182:General details
114:
91:
62:
60:
57:
43:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2337:Vice-President
2334:
2333:
2332:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:Border dispute
1964:
1959:
1954:
1952:Isaaq genocide
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Adal Sultanate
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1516:External links
1514:
1511:
1510:
1484:
1458:
1432:
1406:
1393:www.geeska.net
1380:
1354:
1326:
1298:
1270:
1245:
1219:
1193:
1167:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1096:
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530:Referendums:
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147:Education in
140:
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100:
95:
90:
86:
83:
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73:
69:
55:
51:
46:
42:
37:
32:
27:
2531:Architecture
2508:Calling code
2478:Demographics
2394:Central Bank
2282:
2262:Human rights
2232:Constitution
2173:Maroodi Jeex
1857:Land of Punt
1600:
1501:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1470:
1461:
1449:. Retrieved
1444:
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1418:
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1392:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1366:
1357:
1345:. Retrieved
1341:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:
1273:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1231:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1205:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1179:
1170:
1158:. Retrieved
1153:
1144:
893:
864:
854:
781:activities,
741:
740:
738:
479:
268:Constitution
262:Constitution
81:Headquarters
71:Jurisdiction
2389:Agriculture
2359:Visa policy
1499:(in Somali)
1473:(in Somali)
1447:(in Somali)
1445:www.bbc.com
1421:(in Somali)
1419:www.bbc.com
1395:(in Somali)
1369:(in Somali)
1234:(in Somali)
1208:(in Somali)
1182:(in Somali)
1156:(in Somali)
976:environment
867:pre-primary
813:Departments
614:Visa policy
547:Politicians
508:Municipal:
343:Legislative
89:Maroodi Jeh
2630:Categories
2546:Literature
2426:(currency)
2303:Parliament
2252:Government
2131:Dul Madoba
2126:Buur Dhaab
2099:Buur Dhaab
2067:Waterfalls
1840:Chronology
1820:Somaliland
1574:Ministries
1503:22 January
1477:22 January
1451:22 January
1425:22 January
1399:22 January
1373:22 January
1347:22 January
1319:22 January
1291:22 January
1264:2022-03-18
1160:22 January
1136:References
779:innovation
771:scientific
350:Parliament
288:Government
281:Government
149:Somaliland
75:Somaliland
2583:Languages
2483:Education
2442:Transport
2424:Shilling
2404:Companies
2349:Ministers
2325:President
2274:Judiciary
2257:Embassies
2237:Elections
2121:Cal Madow
2111:Shimbiris
2106:Mountains
2089:Cal Madow
2026:Geography
1852:Dhambalin
1847:Laas Geel
1001:Minister
910:education
856:Citation:
791:nurturing
763:education
577:Essa Kayd
450:Elections
437:Districts
394:Judiciary
293:President
177:5% of GDP
129:Footnotes
2605:Category
2561:Religion
2399:Airports
2291:Military
2211:Politics
2193:Togdheer
2072:Lamadaya
2057:Wildlife
1998:Military
1993:Maritime
1986:By topic
1824:articles
1689:Agencies
1238:15 March
1212:15 March
1186:15 March
1098:See also
983:HIV/AIDS
767:research
671:Military
604:Passport
573:Minister
360:Chairman
205:Literacy
139:Facebook
110:Minister
85:Hargeisa
2541:Cuisine
2523:Culture
2493:Library
2456:Society
2437:Tourism
2377:Economy
2227:Cabinet
2160:Regions
2138:Islands
2052:Geology
2047:Climate
1832:History
1004:Period
935:English
919:values.
917:Islamic
676:History
432:Regions
376:Speaker
199:English
119:Website
61: (
2615:Portal
2566:Sports
2468:Anthem
2414:Energy
2354:Mayors
2183:Sanaag
2178:Saaxil
2042:Cities
2003:Postal
1822:
985:, and
933:, and
931:Arabic
927:Somali
890:Vision
755:Arabic
747:Somali
656:Anthem
651:Emblem
226:Female
195:Arabic
191:Somali
174:Budget
53:Formed
2576:Games
2556:Music
2551:Media
2419:Ports
2168:Awdal
2150:Caves
2116:Golis
1862:Malao
1338:(PDF)
1310:(PDF)
1282:(PDF)
229:85.5%
221:95.5%
213:92.5%
210:Total
2571:Team
2488:Flag
2342:List
2330:List
2283:Xeer
2279:Law
2267:LGBT
2188:Sool
1505:2020
1479:2020
1453:2020
1427:2020
1401:2020
1375:2020
1349:2020
1321:2020
1293:2020
1240:2020
1214:2020
1188:2020
1162:2020
1007:Ref
987:STDs
877:and
777:and
753:) (
739:The
646:Flag
532:2001
520:2021
515:2012
510:2002
498:2021
493:2005
480:2024
474:2017
469:2010
464:2003
297:List
218:Male
197:and
63:1992
56:1992
2536:Art
2409:EEZ
137:on
2632::
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1469:.
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1340:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
