Minkhaung I - Knowledge

530:. Tarabya's army pounced, driving back and pursuing Razadarit's army. Meanwhile Swe's army had positioned in the path of retreat of the Hanthawaddy army. Tarabya, the overall commander-in-chief, sent a messenger, ordering Swe to hold his position and not to engage Razadarit until his army could reach the scene. But Swe ignored the order and the advice of his seasoned commanders, and ordered his troops to engage. Razadarit's army defeated Swe's premature attack, and got back inside Pegu. Five days later, with the rainy season approaching, the invasion was called off. 871:

supplies due to bad weather as well as Hanthawaddy ambushes on supply lines. For his part, Razadarit could not match Ava's manpower, and ordered two attempts on Minkhaung's life. The first attempt by Hanthawaddy special forces to ambush Minkhaung's small contingent was broken up on the warning by Theiddat who was with the Peguan forces. It turned out that Theiddat could not betray his elder brother. Razadarit had Theiddat executed for the warning. The second attempt nearly succeeded. Razadarit sent a team of commandos led by his top general

500: 3788: 607:, who controlled a sizable army, and told the court to offer the throne to Pyauk instead. Theiddat implored Swe to reconsider. When his brother still refused, Theiddat took matters into his own hand. Theiddat and his small band of men ambushed Pyauk's much bigger army near Ava while Pyauk was not expecting. Pyauk was killed. Min Swe had been proclaimed king by 25 November 1400 (or 26 October 1400). He assumed the title of Minkhaung (မင်းခေါင်; "Foremost Lord" or "Paramount Lord"). 290: 828: 651: 543: 2376:(Mani Yadanabon 2009: 65): King Tarabya ascended the throne in 762 ME (29 March 1400 to 28 March 1401), and was assassinated 5 months and 7 days later. (Mani Yadanabon 2009: 67): King Minkhaung became king, also in 762 ME, (implying sometime between August 1400 and March 1401). (Mani Yadanabon 2009: 181): Minkhaung died in 784 ME (1422/23) in his 54th year (at age 53), having reigned 22 years. 695:, to broker a truce. The monk delivered a sermon that Razadarit used as a pretense to withdraw from Ava. Minkhaung's vassals now rallied around him. He was able to assemble a sizable force, which he sent after the rainy season to relieve Prome. The Ava army decisively defeated the invaders south of Prome on 26 December 1402, forcing Pegu to ask for terms about ten days after the battle. 534:

Ava troops could not break through Pegu's defenses and had to retreat before the rainy season arrived. Swe was to get his chance again to go to the front in the 1390–91 campaign. But this time, he commanded just a regiment, and was directly under the command of Tarabya. At any rate, their army could not break through the Pegu defenses at Pankyaw although the campaign ended in a truce.

925:

Ava forces laid siege to the city for the next three months. But Hsenwi opened a new front by invading Ava territory in the north. The invasion was considered serious enough that Minkhaung recalled Minye Kyawswa from Arakan. After the withdrawal, reinforced Hanthawaddy troops went on to drive out the Ava garrison at Launggyet in 1412. (According to the Arakanese chronicle

391: 1052:(Taungoo) but was defeated. In the following dry season, Minkhaung ordered a retaliatory invasion. Ava forces led by Thihathu took the delta, and again forced Razadarit to move to Martaban. They remained in the south for nearly a year. But they could not break through towards Pegu, and had to retreat. It was the last campaign during Minkhaung's reign. 492:, a small town about 85 km southwest of Ava. He also gave Swe command of the 33-member Pyinzi cavalry. Swe would rule Pyinzi for the next 15 years. Chronicles have little information about Swe's period as governor except that his rivalry with Tarabya continued, and that the rivalry may have cost Ava's best chance of defeating 1039:. Minye Kyawswa was mortally wounded in the battle. Minkhaung immediately came down with an army, and exhumed his son's body from where Razadarit had given it honorable burial. The remains were solemnly dropped into the waters near Twante. After rampaging through the delta, Minkhaung called off the invasion and left. 867:

1408. Razadarit had Minkhaung's son-in-law Anawrahta executed, and raised Minkhaung's daughter Pyei Chantha as his queen. Minkhaung was furious. Although the rainy season was just a month away, the king ordered an immediate invasion of the south, overruling his ministers' suggestion to wait until the dry season.

2230:

Chronicles reports slightly different dates for Pegu's takeover of Launggyet. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 334) says Pegu forces had taken Arakan by Kason 770 ME (29 March 1408 to 23 April 1408); (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 228) gives Late Tagu 969 ME (25 February 1408 to 24 March 1408); (Hmannan Vol. 1

2211:

Chronicles do not agree on when Minye Kyawswa became crown prince. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 33–34) says he was appointed crown prince in late 773 ME (early 1412) after the second Arakan campaign of 1411–1412. But (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 225–226) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 471) say the appointment

1018:

The Ava command apparently considered the victory in the north decisive. Although the Chinese would be back later, Minkhaung and the court now blithely planned a full scale invasion of the south. Ava had collected a large invasion force: an army consisted of 8000 men, 200 horses and 80 elephants, and

882:

August 1408. Razadarit came out and attacked the retreating troops. Ava forces were routed, and Minkhaung's queen Mi-Nauk was captured. Razadarit now had both the mother and the daughter in his harem. Razadarit attempted to pick off Prome by launching an attack on the city on 22 November 1408 but the

2131:

translate the date as 13 October 1373, which is problematic since 13 October 1373 was a Thursday whereas Minkhaung was a Tuesday born per all the main chronicles. This discrepancy apparently is due to treating 735 ME as a leap year (which JC Eades' Southeast Asian Emphemeris also does.) If 735 ME is

899:

After the two consecutive disastrous defeats, a dejected Minkhaung handed over the military leadership to Minye Kyawswa. His eldest son was eager to have a chance to take on Razadarit who held both his mother and sister in his harem. Over the next five years, Minkhaung would call on Minye Kyawswa to

866:

In March 1408, Razadarit sent in an invasion force to Arakan, catching Ava completely by surprise. Its forces had been deployed in the north. The Ava court had not expected Pegu to act first, or an attack on Arakan. Before Ava could send any help, Pegu forces took Launggyet by late March/early April

598:

In April 1400, King Swa Saw Ke died and Tarabya ascended the throne. The new king kept his two half brothers at an arm's length. Neither Swe nor Theiddat controlled a sizable army. When Tarabya became mentally unstable about five months into his reign, and other pretenders began circling the throne,

924:

Meanwhile, Razadarit sought an alliance with Hsenwi in an attempt to open a second front. After the rainy season of 1411, the Hanthawaddy king sent two armies to Arakan. The Ava garrison at Sandoway fell before Ava reinforcements (8000 troops, 300 horses, 30 elephants) led by Minye Kyawswa arrived.

698:

Minkhaung sent an embassy led by Min Yaza to Pegu to negotiate a treaty. He wanted to exact a price from Pegu. After five months of negotiations, the two sides signed a peace treaty. The boundary of their kingdoms was fixed a little to the south of Prome. Pegu agreed to share the customs revenue of

939:

Hsenwi's invasion was not just due to Hanthawaddy's urging. The powerful Shan state had been ordered by the Ming court to retaliate against Ava's annexation of Mohnyin six years earlier. It is unclear if Minkhaung and his court realized the gravity of the situation. Even if they did, their actions

840:

Far more than Ming China, Pegu viewed Ava's acquisition spree with great alarm. Realizing that Pegu was now Ava's only remaining target, Razadarit decided to act. He readily gave shelter to Theiddat although he knew such an action would be regarded as a declaration of war against Ava. He broke the

818:

Theiddat felt totally betrayed. The younger brother bitterly complained that Minkhaung would not have become king were it not for him. Min Yaza tried to but could not mollify Theiddat. Minkhaung had Theiddat arrested but later released him after Min Yaza intervened. Shortly after, Theiddat fled to

533:

Ava would come to rue the missed opportunity. Swa kept Swe from the next invasion in the following dry season. Swe was assigned to guard the capital while Swa and Tarabya invaded the southern country again. The second invasion fared no better. Razadarit committed no more errors, and hunkered down.

2310:

chronicles. (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 264–265) says that Minkhaung died in his 49th year (at age 48) in 783 ME (30 March 1421 to 29 March 1422), and that Razadarit died about two months after Minkhaung in the same calendar year (783 ME). This means Minkhaung died between his 48th birthday on the

947:

Minye Kyawswa went on to lay siege to the city of Hsenwi throughout the rainy season of 1412. The Yunnan government sent an army (20,000 men and 2000 cavalry) to relieve the siege. The Ava army then ambushed the larger Chinese army as they came out of the forest. The Chinese army was driven back.

1001:

ordered another attack on Ava. In 1413, while the main Ava armies were in the south, Chinese-backed Hsenwi forces raided Ava's northern territories, destroying "over 20 cities and stockades". The captured elephants, horses, and other goods were presented at the Chinese capital in September 1413.

982:

was mortally wounded. Minkhaung ordered a pause as it was just a month away from the rainy season and the army did not have enough strength. The crown prince ignored his father's order, and resumed the march to Pegu in May 1413. But the Hanthawaddy defenses stopped Ava forces outside Dala and at

760:

Minkhaung initially brushed off the Chinese concerns. It was not until 1408 when he was about to resume the war with Pegu that he sent an embassy to Nanjing. The Ming records say that the Ava representative offered a formal apology to the emperor for "having occupied" the Ming vassals "without

720:

Minkhaung had come out far stronger from the war. What began as an existential threat to his rule had turned to an agreement that was largely in his favor. In the following years, the king, with the advice of Min Yaza, resumed the expansionist policy of his father in order to restore the Pagan

658:

The succession crisis at Ava did not go unnoticed. The Arakanese raided western Irrawaddy towns. In Pegu, King Razadarit assessed that Minkhaung's hold on power was still weak, and planned to place a nominee of his own. It would be payback for Ava's attempts to dislodge him early in his reign.

870:

In May 1408, Minkhaung himself led two armies (26,000 men, 2200 horses, 100 elephants), and invaded the southern country. What ensued was a complete disaster. Predictably, Ava forces got bogged down in the swamps of Lower Burma. Three months into the invasion, Ava's troops were running out of

761:

authority" on 28 May 1408; but despite the promise, Ava was encouraging Hsenwi to rebel against the Ming in 1408–1409. By September 1409, the Ming court was considering a punitive action against Ava. The simmering tensions would lead to war between Ava and Ming China between 1412 and 1415.

921:(Pathein). But the prince found that the key delta cities were well fortified and prepared for long sieges. He pulled back his forces to Prome, and invaded Arakan in early 1411. There, he successfully drove out Pegu-installed vassals, and appointed Ava's commanders as governor-generals. 659:

Throughout 1401, Razadarit prepared an invasion river-borne fleet that could transport not only troops but even horses and elephants. When the dry season began, Hanthawaddy forces invaded by the Irrawaddy river, attacking all the riverside towns and cities, including their main targets,

2248:

chronicle, Minkhaung marched to Prome on the 5th waxing of Nadaw 770 ME (27 November 1408) after recalling Minye Kyawswa from Hsenwi to join him in the south. The 770 ME is an error according to standard chronicles. The invasion of the south after Hsenwi should be 774 ME, according to

966:(natural causes) and Gen. Lagun Ein (KIA). Shaken by the deaths, Razadarit hastily retreated. Minye Kyawswa proposed an immediate invasion of the south. Minkhaung was weary but allowed his son to carry out the plan. In April 1413, Minye Kyawswa took eastern delta towns of 952:

November 1412. But Pegu came to Hsenwi's aid this time by launching a massive attack on Prome after the rainy season. The attack was serious enough that Minkhaung himself marched with his army to relieve Prome, and ordered Minye Kyawswa to join him on the southern front.

773:. The western kingdom was a tributary of Ava between 1373/74 and 1385/86 during his father's reign but escaped Ava's orbit at the start of the Forty Years' War. Using alleged Arakanese raids on Ava's western districts, he sent a 10,000-strong army led by his eldest son 900:

wage war against his enemies on multiple fronts: against Hanthawaddy in both Lower Burma and Arakan, and against Ming China and its vassal states in the north. His son proved a gifted commander, and Ava would come closest to reassembling the Pagan Empire.

666:

The Forty Year's War had resumed after a 10-year hiatus. Initially, Hanthawaddy held the advantage. Ava did not have a navy that could challenge Pegu's massive flotilla. Ava forces had to defend inside the fortified towns along the river: Prome, Myede,

1027:(Mottama). The Ava command planned a pincer movement on Pegu from Toungoo and from Dala. But the attack on Pegu would be delayed as the Chinese forces invaded from the north. Minkhaung managed to send an army which forced the Chinese army to retreat. 890:

May 1410, Razadarit counterattacked. Near Tharrawaddy, Razadarit and Minkhaung faced in battle over elephants, and the Hanthawaddy king drove back Minkhaung. The remaining Ava army was routed; several infantry, cavalry and elephants were captured.

1030:

The Chinese attack provided a much-needed breathing room for Razadarit. He was back in Pegu and planning counterattack by February 1415. On 2 March 1415, Razadarit himself led the army to the Dala front. On 13 March 1415, the two armies fought at

2271:(Fernquest Autumn 2006: 53–54): Ming records do not provide any details about the expedition. The Burmese chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 28–29) say that when the Ava army and the Chinese army met, both sides agreed to a duel on horseback. 940:

show they were not concerned about an escalating war against Ming-backed states in their northern border. Minkhaung was determined to teach Hsenwi a lesson. After Minye Kyawswa decisively defeated the Hsenwi force near Wetwin (present-day

801:

After Arakan, Minkhaung was riding high. He was greatly impressed by his son's performance, and wanted to make him his heir apparent. With the advice of Min Yaza, he sent away Tarabya's eldest son and potential rival to the throne Prince

574:, King Swa selected Swe to marry Mi-Nauk. While the peace with Mohnyin did not last—Ava and Mohnyin were to fight another war just three years later—the marriage between Swe and Mi-Nauk lasted. The couple had four children at Pyinzi: 2385:

Tarabya became king in 762 ME (29 March 1400 to 28 March 1401), and was assassinated after 5 months. Minkhaung ascended the throne after a brief period of power struggle, meaning Minkhaung came to power in or after September 1400.

931:, Ava retained a toehold at the Khway-thin-taung garrison in northern Arakan until 1416/17. But Ava would not send a major force to Arakan, and the western state would remain a Hanthawaddy vassal at least until Razadarit's death.) 908:

Minye Kyawswa brought a fresh thinking to Ava's battle plan. Instead of directly attacking the well-defended Pegu capital region, he would attack what he believed were less defended regions. In late 1410, the prince invaded the

1047:

Minkhaung was totally heartbroken by his eldest son's death. He recalled Thihathu from Prome, and appointed him heir apparent. The war went on languidly for two more campaigns. In 1416–1417, Razadarit tried to pick off

514:. Tarabya commanded the First Army (7000 infantry, 500 cavalry, 20 elephants) while Swe led the Second Army (6000 infantry, 500 cavalry, 20 elephants). The two princes were advised by Ava's best commanders, including 2358:

Minkhaung's reign is derived from the horoscope for Tarabya per (Zata 1960: 73), which says Tarabya died in 1401, and that for Thihathu per (Zata 1960: 74) which says Thihathu came to power in 783 ME (1421/22).

961:

Over the next four months the father-son team tried to break the Hanthawaddy siege of Prome. They made no meaningful progress until when the Hanthawaddy command suddenly lost its two most senior generals: Gen.

810:

border, as governor. He tried to appease his brother Theiddat, governor of Sagaing, by giving him command of the Northern Cavalry. The king then appointed Minye Kyawswa his heir apparent, and married him to

464:, who was born to a senior queen, constantly bullied both Swe and Theiddat. The bullying became a serious problem, and in 1381/82, the king had to send away Swe and Theiddat to a small monastery near 886:

Minkhaung was forced to regroup. In December 1409, he again invaded with two armies (14,000 men, 1400 horses, 100 elephants). His armies again could not break through. Five months into the invasion

2185:

Chronicles (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 224–225) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 445–446, 467) say that Nyaungshwe and Mohnyin submitted in 767 ME (1405/06) and 768 ME (1406/07) respectively. According to

632:. He also appointed Theiddat governor of Sagaing with the title of Thiri Zeya Thura but stopped short of declaring him his heir-apparent. While Sagaing was a sizable province that used to be an 1010:

to Prome to take over the southern command. At Ava, Minye Kyawswa marched north to take on the Maw forces. His forces defeated Maw forces at Myedu, and chased the enemy to the Chinese border.

2152:(Ancient Stone Inscriptions of Myanmar, Vol. 4, p. 221). According to (SMK Vol. 4 1998: 220–221, lines 7, 12), the inscription—founded in 762 ME at the Yan Aung-Myin Pagoda, in 1452: 913:

by river and land with an army (7000 men, 600 horses, and 40 elephants) and a navy that transported 7000 men. Combined Ava forces proceeded to attack the key delta cities of

1475: 1023:. Although Hanthawaddy forces put up a spirited defense, Ava forces had gained complete control of the delta by the end of December. Razadarit evacuated Pegu, and moved to 2315:(Pan Hla 2005: 356) says Razadarit died in 783 ME in his 54th year. This means Razadarit died before his 54th birthday on 8th waxing of Tabodwe 783 ME (30 December 1421). 1511: 522:. The Ava command expected an easy victory over an overpowered opponent. But Ava forces could not break through well-organized Peguan defenses for five months. Then, King 1075:

in which the high king ruled the core while semi-independent tributaries, autonomous viceroys, and governors actually controlled day-to-day administration and manpower.

1178: 2176:

762 ME, apparently treating 762 ME as a great leap year. If 762 ME were a regular year, the 9th waxing of Nadaw 762 ME would translate to Tuesday, 26 October 1400.

430:. Chronicles say that after giving birth to the child, Beza showed up at the Ava palace to present the male son, as instructed to by the king. The child was named 1244: 603:

assassinated Tarabya, and tried to seize the throne. But the court executed the usurper, and offered the throne to Min Swe. But Swe was concerned about Gov.

570:. The marriage was part of the effort by Ava and Mohnyin to mend their fences after the 1387–88 war between the two states. On the advice of Chief Minister 1666: 948:

Five Chinese commanders, 2000 troops and 1000 horses were taken prisoner. Ava wanted to finish off Hsenwi and the siege went on for one more month until

770: 372: 983:

Syriam. The fighting paused during the rainy season of 1413. Razadarit again sent emissaries to northern Shan states and Lan Na in search of alliances.

2148:

following (Tin Hla Thaw, History of Burma, 1959: 136), the inscription on which Minkhaung's accession date was found is recorded in the volume 4 of

488:

Circa April 1385, Swa appointed Tarabya his heir-apparent. The king kept Swe out of Tarabya's reach, and appointed his 11-year-old son governor of

1059:

October 1421. His nemesis Razadarit is said to have lamented when he heard the news of Minkhaung's death. Razadarit died about two months later.

691:) but the blockades were not enough to force a surrender. Minkhaung bought time by sending a delegation led by a learned Buddhist monk, 3776: 1019:

a navy consisting of 13,000 men, and over 1800 ships of all sizes. In October 1414, Minye Kyawswa launched the invasion of the western

510:

In 1385, the king ordered his two eldest sons to lead a two-pronged invasion of the southern kingdom in what would become known as the

2317:

Because Minkhaung died about two months before Razadarit, he most probably had died by October 1421 and Razadarit about December 1421.

858:

chronicle, Razadarit viewed Ava's mission to Chiang Mai as an attempt by Ava to secure its rear, and decided that war was inevitable.

1072: 757:

of Mohnyin and his son. On 25 August 1406, the Ming court sent an embassy to Ava to end the "aggression" against the Shan states.

636:, the younger brother was never satisfied with the reward, and held a "lingering resentment that would later rear its ugly head". 841:

1403 agreement: Pegu stopped sending the annual shipment of 30 elephants and Ava's share of customs revenue of the Bassein port.

645: 504: 4812: 2253:(Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 8–9). Minkhaung may have marched to Prome, starting on the 5th waxing of Nadaw 774 ME (8 November 1412). 769:

Despite Chinese concerns, by August 1406, Ava had gained allegiance of all of its surrounding Shan states. Minkhaung now eyed

3457: 2293:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 256): Full moon of Tabaung 776 ME = 22 February 1415; 8th waning of Tabaung 776 ME = 2 March 1415 1880:

One of his concubines, Saw Pan-Gon, gave birth to a daughter named Saw Nant-Tha, who was later married to his nephew Prince

3598: 1314: 1287: 2326:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 265) says Bo-Me was Queen of the Southern Palace. However, a 1409 stone inscription donated by 307: 303: 3704: 47: 3476: 3608: 654:

Hanthawaddy forces attacked Ava territories from Tharrawaddy to Tagaung in 1401–1402, and up to Prome in 1402–1403.

2388:

Minkhaung became king in his 28th year (aged 27), reigned 21 years, and died in his 49th year (aged 48) in 783 ME.

3769: 2241: 875:

to infiltrate the enemy camp. Lagun Ein got inside Minkhaung's tent but refused to kill a sleeping Minkhaung.

733:, the acquisition drive was largely peaceful, and accomplished through diplomatic missions led by Min Yaza to 848:

to be the wife of Anawrahta as well as a senior minister to aid the vassal king. He also sent an embassy to

4769: 4661: 3564: 1036: 650: 526:

of Hanthawaddy made a tactical error by coming out of his fortified capital to attack Ava positions near

2275:, who had entered Ava's service, defeated the Chinese commander, after which the Chinese army retreated. 2189:

records, per (Fernquest Autumn 2006: 51), Ava had acquired Bhamo, Mohnyin, and Kalay by 25 August 1406.

1470: 625: 28: 3762: 1499: 17: 1006:(Mong Mao/Mawdon Mawke). As usual, Minkhaung recalled Minye Kyawswa to Ava, and sent his middle son 4205: 3792: 2356:(Zata 1960: 73): Minkhaung was born on Tuesday, 15th nekkhat of 7th month (Thadingyut) of 744 ME . 1810: 1679: 1656: 1226: 1141: 587: 234: 2311:

12th waning of Thadingyut 783 ME (22 September 1421) and the last day of 783 ME (29 March 1422).

1646: 1002:

According to the Burmese chronicles, the attack on Myedu was carried out by another Shan state,

4720: 4095: 1674: 1641: 1597: 1558: 1366: 979: 786: 604: 519: 4651: 4544: 4028: 472:). The two princes studied under the learned monk, and traveled around the region, including 460:(Inwa) until he was eight. His life at the palace was not all well. Their older half-brother 4807: 4802: 4797: 4673: 4342: 4114: 4008: 3632: 1860: 1334: 927: 844:

Meanwhile, Minkhaung tried to solidify his hold over Arakan by sending his eldest daughter

600: 2221:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 228, 235): Late Tagu 769 ME = 25 February 1408 to 24 March 1408 2144:

Minkhaung's accession date is conventionally translated as 25 November 1400. According to

8: 4427: 4392: 4322: 4153: 3971: 2165: 1838: 1684: 1651: 1636: 1631: 1482: 1221: 1203: 1116: 1068: 854: 621: 571: 515: 511: 493: 356: 352: 89: 2156:—states that the Great Lord Anawrahta Saw in his 28th year ascended the throne on the 2132:

treated as a regular year, the resulting date falls on a Tuesday (on 13 September 1373).

4559: 4417: 4275: 4085: 4033: 3966: 3837: 3589: 3445: 2338:

were principal queens. If Bo-Me did become the chief queen, it must be later than 1409.

2145: 1954: 1923: 1881: 1371: 1111: 803: 730: 703:(Pathein), and supply 30 elephants annually. In return, Minkhaung sent his only sister 344: 278: 4554: 4462: 4215: 4105: 4100: 4018: 3981: 3922: 3892: 3832: 3507: 3487: 3472: 3453: 1578: 567: 209: 2284:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 253): Tabodwe 776 ME = 10 January 1415 to 7 February 1415 4688: 4452: 4397: 3976: 3956: 3912: 2331: 1802: 1756: 1689: 1602: 1254: 1236: 845: 753:

became especially concerned after Ava's capture of Mohnyin in 1406 that killed the

579: 441: 407: 331: 323: 311: 297: 226: 190: 148: 144: 4735: 4646: 4569: 4512: 4422: 4412: 4402: 4382: 4119: 4075: 3991: 3817: 3718: 3616: 3603: 2347:(Zata 1960: 46): Tuesday, 8th month (Tazaungmon) of 731 ME (1 to 30 October 1369) 2335: 2327: 2262:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 244–245): Nayon 775 ME (30 April 1413 to 28 May 1413). 2153: 2071: 1806: 1773: 1739: 1612: 1282: 1032: 1020: 1007: 991:

Ava's northern front was never quiet after the siege of Hsenwi. According to the

967: 910: 633: 628:

governor Yamethin, and Yaza's son-in-law Thado Theinkhathu governor of Badon and

583: 499: 230: 194: 186: 79: 3573:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing. 3559:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing. 4636: 4517: 4447: 4143: 4138: 4080: 4065: 4043: 4023: 3961: 3902: 3697: 3621: 2010: 1846: 1570: 1429: 998: 971: 692: 687:

and Ava. The Pegu navy held complete control of the Irrawaddy (as far north as

672: 461: 411: 69: 3787: 371:, Ava nearly succeeded. While he ultimately failed to conquer Hanthawaddy and 4791: 4601: 4532: 4522: 4507: 4467: 4407: 4250: 4090: 3926: 3907: 3882: 3800: 1798: 1607: 1391: 774: 676: 575: 368: 222: 599:

Swe was not in a strong-enough position to challenge them. Soon after, Gov.

4586: 4497: 4477: 4457: 4377: 4367: 4312: 4260: 4235: 4220: 4195: 4110: 4055: 4013: 3942: 3877: 3822: 3754: 3569: 3555: 3488:"Rajadhirat's Mask of Command: Military Leadership in Burma (c. 1348–1421)" 2186: 2038: 1980: 1790: 1548: 1491: 941: 750: 704: 668: 559: 551: 547: 527: 473: 450: 399: 364: 198: 3508:"Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382–1454)" 2172:

translated the date as 25 November 1400, which would be the 9th waxing of

1067:

Minkhaung heavily relied on the advice of his court led by Chief Minister

445:). The king made Beza a junior queen, and had two more children with her: 4710: 4705: 4678: 4621: 4611: 4606: 4596: 4372: 4357: 4297: 4287: 4230: 4225: 3867: 3665: 3526: 2397:(Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 436, 439) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 51–52). Mixing 1434: 812: 782: 726: 419: 379: 340: 248: 152: 2125:

Tuesday, 12th waning of Thadingyut 735 ME (Tuesday, 13 September 1373).

749:

say that Ava's missions were in fact military expeditions, and that the

4750: 4745: 4700: 4591: 4581: 4549: 4487: 4472: 4442: 4437: 4362: 4352: 4317: 4307: 4302: 4245: 4240: 4060: 3938: 3887: 3862: 2272: 1819: 1444: 993: 849: 746: 738: 415: 360: 258: 202: 140: 852:, and a long overdue mission to China in early 1408. According to the 777:

to Arakan. On 29 November 1406, Ava forces took the Arakanese capital

4740: 4725: 4715: 4641: 4432: 4387: 4332: 4292: 4265: 4255: 4210: 4133: 4128: 3852: 3538: 1528: 1133: 914: 872: 778: 523: 348: 3597: 4730: 4631: 4492: 4327: 4200: 4185: 4180: 4170: 3951: 3946: 3827: 3641: 2330:

states that Shin Saw was the chief queen and her two other sisters

2169: 1462: 1277: 1155: 1003: 542: 446: 423: 268: 3587:

Royal Historians of Burma (1960) . U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) (ed.).

2367:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 305) and (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 55) 4626: 4482: 4347: 4337: 4003: 3872: 3847: 3812: 1622: 1381: 1269: 1049: 1024: 963: 918: 807: 742: 722: 700: 688: 684: 629: 563: 427: 395: 376: 243: 827: 620:

Minkhaung spent his first year consolidating his power. He kept

4616: 4165: 4124: 3897: 3857: 3582:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–5. Yangon: Archaeological Department. 3550: 2231:

2003: 477) gives Late Kason 769 ME (25 March to 28 March 1408).

1421: 1297: 1213: 1189: 975: 734: 489: 3625:(in Burmese) (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Seit-Ku Cho Cho. 390: 4502: 4190: 4175: 3842: 2892: 2199: 2173: 2161: 2127:

Some scholars such as the editors of the 2006 edition of the

1414:

Thet-taw-shay appointed in 1413, and fell in action in 1415.

1401: 1351: 1324: 1170: 1102: 790: 680: 477: 465: 170: 1588: 660: 457: 175: 3531:

History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824

2212:

came after the first Arakan campaign, in 768 ME (1406/07).

861: 796: 3586: 3593:. Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma. 1712:

Chronicles state that Minkhaung had five senior queens.

835: 426:

earlier in the year during a military campaign against

3629: 944:), the king agreed to a plan to attack Hsenwi itself. 715: 3644:(December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400". 986: 903: 359:(1385–1424). As king, Minkhaung continued his father 4778:

Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)

3636:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–2. Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay. 3567:(2012) . Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). 3469:

Connecting and Distancing: Southeast Asia and China

406:The future king was born in a small village called 3545:. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. 974:. But the Ava advance was halted at the battle of 367:. Under the military leadership of his eldest son 3417: 2980: 2978: 2976: 1416:Ottama Thiri Zeya Nawrahta was governor by 1421. 707:to be queen of Razadarit in a marriage alliance. 4789: 3577: 1055:The king spent his last years in piety. He died 3215: 2891:(Razadarit Ayedawbon 2005: 278): 5th waxing of 2869: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2791: 2789: 2650: 2648: 721:Empire. His first targets were the nearer (cis- 3401: 3399: 3397: 2973: 2662: 2660: 2465: 2463: 2160:(သတင်) day in the waxing half of the month of 894: 3770: 3426: 3358: 3349: 3307: 3147: 3145: 2830: 2828: 2737: 2735: 2624: 639: 435: 3784: 3321: 3319: 3298: 3271: 3053: 2876: 2864: 2846: 2786: 2705: 2696: 2678: 2669: 2645: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2198:(RRT Vol. 2 1999: 9): Monday, 5th waning of 2140: 2138: 1824:Queen of the Western Palace (r. 1408−1421?) 1184:Thray Thinkhaya was still in office in 1423 624:as chief minister, and appointed Yaza's son 343:from 1400 to 1421. He is best remembered in 3394: 3367: 3333: 3331: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3229: 3227: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 2957: 2955: 2767: 2765: 2657: 2638: 2636: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2490: 2460: 1795:Queen of the Western Palace (r. 1400−1408) 1541:Tuyin Ponnya reappointed to office in 1400 480:, Ngape and Padein, with their attendants. 394:Swe's childhood rival Tarabya portrayed as 3777: 3763: 3615: 3563: 3444: 3280: 3250: 3248: 3142: 3133: 3126: 3124: 3103: 3044: 3026: 2825: 2779: 2777: 2732: 2453: 2451: 2441: 2439: 1543:Baya Kyawhtin was still governor in 1423. 1013: 956: 831:Political map of Burma in the 15th century 3537: 3505: 3485: 3452:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 3340: 3316: 2992: 2990: 2714: 2599: 2597: 2135: 1538:Baya Kyawhtin II (by 1408–1423 or later) 785:fled to Bengal. Minkhaung appointed Gov. 615: 3640: 3408: 3385: 3376: 3328: 3313:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 225 footnote 3 3289: 3257: 3224: 3197: 3181: 3163: 3089: 3062: 3035: 3017: 2964: 2952: 2925: 2907: 2898: 2885: 2837: 2816: 2798: 2762: 2753: 2633: 2585: 2576: 2567: 2526: 2517: 2508: 2499: 826: 649: 558:In 1389/90, Swe was married to Princess 541: 498: 414:) on 13 September 1373. His father King 389: 3630:Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1997–1999) . 3245: 3236: 3172: 3154: 3121: 3112: 3080: 3008: 2934: 2916: 2774: 2744: 2723: 2615: 2481: 2472: 2448: 2436: 2302:The approximate date of death based on 2121: 2119: 1867:married only for five months (1409–10) 862:Resumption of war with Pegu (1408–1410) 797:Heir-apparent selection and its fallout 308:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 4790: 3525: 3423:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 207–208, 210 3206: 2987: 2943: 2807: 2687: 2606: 2594: 2427: 2418: 1697:Viceroy for a few months in 1408–1409 1073:administrative model of solar polities 375:, he was able to bring in most of cis- 27:For other people named Minkhaung, see 3758: 3607:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: 2630:SMK Vol. 4 1998: 220–221, lines 7, 12 1699:Governor of North Arakan (Launggyet) 1411:Ottama Thiri Zeya Nawrahta (1415?–?) 1035:in one of the most famous battles in 483: 440: 330: 3599:Royal Historical Commission of Burma 3549: 2116: 1701:Governor of South Arakan (Sandoway) 836:Deterioration of relations with Pegu 347:for his epic struggles against King 3533:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. 3466: 3203:Aung-Thwin and Aung-Thwin 2012: 109 2999: 2244:'s Burmese language version of the 1502:("Thettawshay Thihapate") (by 1364– 716:Cis-Salween Shan states (1404–1406) 24: 3432:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 264, 266 3355:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 212, 247 3277:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 246, 290 2202:768 ME = Monday, 29 November 1406. 987:Northern Burma and Maw (1413–1414) 904:Lower Burma and Arakan (1410–1412) 878:At any rate, Ava forces retreated 806:to Kalay, a frontier state by the 468:to study under the chief primate ( 25: 4824: 3646:Journal of Burma Research Society 3059:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 244–245 2834:Razadarit Ayedawbon 2005: 237–238 2702:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 219–221 2555:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 199–200 1887: 1556:Theinkhathu II (?–1402 or later) 1071:. He continued to employ Pagan's 1062: 3786: 3609:Ministry of Information, Myanmar 3471:. Institute of Southeast Asian. 3450:Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century 2391: 2379: 2370: 2361: 2350: 2341: 2320: 2150:Shay-haung Myanmar Kyauk-sa-mya 1964:23 September 1382 – early 1422 1486:Also known as Sithu the Younger 934: 764: 288: 3515:SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research 3438: 2296: 2287: 2278: 2265: 2256: 2234: 2224: 2215: 2205: 2192: 2179: 1927:(List of Kings of Ava Section) 822: 646:Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1401–1403) 505:Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391) 3743:April 1385 – 25 November 1400 3580:Shay-haung Myanma Kyauksa-mya 3578:Nyein Maung, ed. (1972–1998). 3506:Fernquest, Jon (Autumn 2006). 3486:Fernquest, Jon (Spring 2006). 610: 546:Shin Mi-Nauk portrayed as the 13: 1: 4813:15th-century Burmese monarchs 3740: 3710: 3681: 3364:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 398, 400 3346:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 259 3325:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 266 3268:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 212 3194:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 265 3169:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 264 3100:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 247 3077:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 246 3041:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 244 3023:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 242 2949:Razadarit Ayedawbon 2005: 274 2931:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 238 2913:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 237 2843:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 229 2822:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 226 2804:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 227 2771:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 225 2523:Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 296 2514:Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 295 2505:Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 293 2496:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 418, 435 2445:Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 285 2412: 2098:by 25 November 1400 – ? 2044: 2016: 1986: 1961: 1930: 1761:Queen of the Northern Palace 1536:Tuyin Ponnya (by 1390–1408?) 1515: 1503: 1361: 1338: 1306: 1198: 1145: 1120: 1056: 1042: 949: 887: 879: 385: 167: 162: 107:April 1385 – 25 November 1400 104: 58: 4770:Confederation of Shan States 4662:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 3304:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 7–8, 66 2984:Fernquest Autumn 2006: 53–54 2940:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 30 2922:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 29 2882:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 484–485 2873:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 481–483 2861:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 476–477 2795:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 473–474 2741:Fernquest autumn 2006: 51–52 2711:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 469–470 2684:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 447–455 2675:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 446–447 2654:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 441–443 2564:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 432–433 2546:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 429–431 2469:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 439–440 2424:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 55 710: 683:(Bagan), Talok, Pakhan Gyi, 593: 422:had met his commoner mother 332:[pətʰəma̰mɪ́ɰ̃ɡàʊɰ̃] 7: 3286:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 20, 89 2092:13 September 1373 – ? 1778:Queen of the Middle Palace 1692:(South Arakan) (1411–1412) 1687:(North Arakan) (1411–1412) 1227:Tarabya II (Minye Kyawhtin) 1094:Ruler (duration in office) 1082:Rulers of Key Vassal States 895:Multi-front war (1410–1415) 562:, daughter of the chief of 537: 215: 10: 4829: 3373:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 62–63 3151:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 48–49 3139:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 42–43 3109:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 21–22 3050:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 15–16 3032:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 13–14 1826:Queen of Southern Palace? 1409:Thet-taw-shay (1413–1415) 643: 640:Invasion by Pegu (1401–03) 29:Minkhaung (disambiguation) 26: 4759: 4687: 4660: 4568: 4531: 4274: 4152: 4042: 3990: 3921: 3799: 3745: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3715: 3702: 3694: 3689: 3659: 2895:770 ME = 22 November 1408 2729:Fernquest autumn 2006: 51 2666:Fernquest Spring 2006: 10 2060:September 1400 – 1421/22 2051: 2043: 1937: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1894: 1882:Min Nyo of Kale Kye-Taung 1717: 1707: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1080: 815:, a cousin of the groom. 436: 363:'s policy to restore the 339:; 1373–1421) was king of 327: 274: 264: 254: 242: 208: 182: 158: 133: 129: 121: 111: 100: 95: 85: 75: 65: 53: 46: 39: 3295:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 414 3233:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 429 2961:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 7–8 2904:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 2–3 2759:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 445 2642:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 440 2591:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 439 2582:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 438 2573:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 441 2537:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 424 2487:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 418 2478:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 435 2457:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 410 2240:(Pan Hla 2005: 278): In 2109: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1719:Family of King Minkhaung 1037:Burmese military history 139:Tuesday, 12th waning of 4775:Brief revival (1550–52) 3467:Goh, Geok Yian (2009). 3414:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 81 3391:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 61 3382:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 79 3337:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 20 3254:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 56 3242:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 66 3221:Aung-Thwin 1985: 99–101 3178:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 51 3160:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 50 3130:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 27 3118:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 22 3086:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 16 3014:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 12 2783:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 21 1933:16 October 1369 – 1423 1695:Minkhaung's son-in-law 1014:Lower Burma (1414–1415) 957:Lower Burma (1412–1413) 663:(Pyay) and Ava (Inwa). 165:October 1421 (aged 48) 3709:by 25 November 1400 – 3446:Aung-Thwin, Michael A. 3405:Than Tun 1959: 125–126 2996:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 9 2405:age of 48 (49th year). 980:Letya Pyanchi of Prome 832: 655: 616:Consolidation of power 605:Maha Pyauk of Yamethin 555: 520:Theinkhathu Saw Hnaung 507: 410:(present-day northern 403: 296:This article contains 57:by 25 November 1400 – 4652:Mahadhammaraza Dipadi 1958:(Horoscopes Section) 830: 737:(Hsipaw) in 1404/05, 653: 545: 503:Key locations in the 502: 393: 4766:Mongol vassal (1297) 4674:Smim Htaw Buddhaketi 4158:1287–1539, 1550–1552 3633:Rakhine Razawin Thit 2621:Aung-Thwin 2017: 321 2077:June 1401 – 1421/22 1999:June 1401 – 1422/23 928:Rakhine Razawin Thit 601:Thihapate of Tagaung 4763:Regent or Co-Regent 4154:Hanthawaddy Kingdom 3737:Governor of Pyinzi 2970:RRT Vol. 2 1999: 10 2612:Aung-Thwin 2017: 71 2313:Razadarit Ayedawbon 2308:Razadarit Ayedawbon 2246:Razadarit Ayedawbon 1685:Letya Zeya Thingyan 1637:Letya Zeya Thingyan 1559:Thiri Zeya Kyawhtin 1483:Min Yaza of Wun Zin 1389:vacant (1406–1410) 1204:Letya Zeya Thingyan 855:Razadarit Ayedawbon 729:. According to the 634:independent kingdom 516:Thilawa of Yamethin 456:Min Swe grew up in 178:(Inwa), Ava Kingdom 4418:Muni Thudhammaraza 4086:Kale Kye-Taung Nyo 4034:Minbyauk Thihapate 3838:Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu 3590:Zatadawbon Yazawin 3543:A History of Burma 3212:Lieberman 2003: 35 2813:Htin Aung 1967: 91 2750:RRT Vol. 2 1999: 9 2720:Harvey 1925: 89–90 2603:Than Tun 1959: 128 2146:Michael Aung-Thwin 2027:1400/01 – 1422/23 1969:1401 – early 1422 1955:Zatadawbon Yazawin 1924:Zatadawbon Yazawin 1667:Launggyet (Arakan) 1639:(1408/09–1411/12) 1561:(after 1402–1412) 1360:Min Chay-To (1400– 1114:(by 1380/81–1413) 833: 731:Burmese chronicles 656: 556: 508: 484:Governor of Pyinzi 442:[mɪ́ɴsʰwè] 404: 382:to the Ava orbit. 320:Minkhaung I of Ava 279:Theravada Buddhism 137:13 September 1373 96:Governor of Pyinzi 4785: 4784: 4463:Sanda Thuriya III 4216:Binnya Dhammaraza 3893:Naratheinga Uzana 3833:Nyaung-u Sawrahan 3753: 3752: 3746:Succeeded by 3716:Succeeded by 3674:13 September 1373 3459:978-0-8248-6783-6 2401:reign dates with 2107: 2106: 2059: 1878: 1877: 1705: 1704: 1563:Khin Ba (1413–?) 1437:(1410s?–1459/60) 1432:(1404/05–1420s?) 1337:(1401–1426, 1427– 883:attack faltered. 745:in 1406. But the 568:marriage of state 304:rendering support 284: 283: 16:(Redirected from 4820: 4694: 4689:Konbaung dynasty 4667: 4575: 4538: 4453:Sanda Thuriya II 4281: 4159: 4049: 3997: 3932: 3806: 3793:Burmese monarchs 3791: 3790: 3779: 3772: 3765: 3756: 3755: 3742: 3712: 3695:Preceded by 3685: 3683: 3675: 3657: 3656: 3653: 3637: 3626: 3617:Sandalinka, Shin 3612: 3594: 3583: 3574: 3560: 3546: 3539:Htin Aung, Maung 3534: 3522: 3512: 3502: 3492: 3482: 3463: 3433: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3392: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3371: 3365: 3362: 3356: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3326: 3323: 3314: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3255: 3252: 3243: 3240: 3234: 3231: 3222: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3152: 3149: 3140: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3119: 3116: 3110: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3075: 3060: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2985: 2982: 2971: 2968: 2962: 2959: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2905: 2902: 2896: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2862: 2859: 2844: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2823: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2796: 2793: 2784: 2781: 2772: 2769: 2760: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2703: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2685: 2682: 2676: 2673: 2667: 2664: 2655: 2652: 2643: 2640: 2631: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2574: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2556: 2553: 2547: 2544: 2538: 2535: 2524: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2458: 2455: 2446: 2443: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2406: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2354: 2348: 2345: 2339: 2324: 2318: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2269: 2263: 2260: 2254: 2238: 2232: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2196: 2190: 2183: 2177: 2166:Arthat (Ashadha) 2142: 2133: 2123: 2057: 2046: 2018: 1988: 1963: 1932: 1914:Length of reign 1897: 1892: 1891: 1803:Saw Pyei Chantha 1720: 1715: 1714: 1520: 1517: 1508: 1505: 1363: 1343: 1340: 1311: 1308: 1305:Tuyin Theinzi? ( 1200: 1147: 1125: 1122: 1083: 1078: 1077: 1058: 951: 889: 881: 846:Saw Pyei Chantha 793:king of Arakan. 580:Saw Pyei Chantha 512:Forty Years' War 494:Hanthawaddy Pegu 444: 439: 438: 373:Launggyet Arakan 357:Forty Years' War 353:Hanthawaddy Pegu 334: 329: 310: instead of 292: 291: 227:Saw Pyei Chantha 219: 169: 164: 106: 60: 37: 36: 21: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4755: 4692: 4691: 4683: 4665: 4664: 4656: 4647:Taninganway Min 4573: 4572: 4570:Toungoo dynasty 4564: 4536: 4535: 4527: 4513:Sanda Wimala II 4423:Sanda Thuriya I 4413:Wara Dhammaraza 4403:Sanda Thudhamma 4383:Thiri Thudhamma 4279: 4278: 4276:Mrauk U Kingdom 4270: 4157: 4156: 4148: 4096:Minye Kyawswa I 4047: 4046: 4038: 3995: 3994: 3992:Sagaing Kingdom 3986: 3930: 3929: 3917: 3804: 3803: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3749: 3739: 3721: 3708: 3700: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3662: 3604:Hmannan Yazawin 3510: 3490: 3479: 3460: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3329: 3324: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3258: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3225: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3122: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2983: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2865: 2860: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2775: 2770: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2693:Phayre 1967: 71 2692: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2658: 2653: 2646: 2641: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2461: 2456: 2449: 2444: 2437: 2433:Eades 1989: 112 2432: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2328:Shin Saw of Ava 2325: 2321: 2316: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2210: 2206: 2197: 2193: 2184: 2180: 2154:Tada-U Township 2143: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2117: 2112: 2103: 2078: 2072:Hmannan Yazawin 2053: 2048: 2047:1373 – 1421/22 2023: 2019:1369 – 1422/23 1995: 1990: 1989:1373 – 1422/23 1965: 1939: 1934: 1895: 1890: 1866: 1844: 1825: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1740:Shin Saw of Ava 1718: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1655: 1650: 1649:(1415–1418/19) 1645: 1644:(1411/12–1415) 1640: 1635: 1634:(1399–1408/09) 1611: 1606: 1601: 1562: 1557: 1542: 1537: 1518: 1510: 1506: 1485: 1476:Sithu Thihapate 1474: 1453:Htaw Hmaing Gyi 1433: 1415: 1410: 1390: 1370: 1365: 1341: 1333: 1313: 1309: 1286: 1281: 1225: 1224:(by 1390–1413) 1202: 1197:Nandathingyan ( 1179:Thray Thinkhaya 1123: 1115: 1081: 1065: 1045: 1021:Irrawaddy delta 1016: 989: 959: 937: 911:Irrawaddy delta 906: 897: 864: 838: 825: 799: 767: 741:in 1405/06 and 718: 713: 693:Shin Zawtayanta 648: 642: 618: 613: 596: 540: 486: 388: 345:Burmese history 335:; also spelled 317: 316: 315: 302:Without proper 293: 289: 237: 233: 229: 225: 216:among others... 213: 212: 201: 197: 193: 189: 174: 166: 147: 138: 41: 35: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4826: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4695: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4670: 4668: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4637:Minye Kyawhtin 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4539: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4518:Sanda Thaditha 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4448:Sanda Wimala I 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4284: 4282: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4162: 4160: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4122: 4117: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4050: 4044:Kingdom of Ava 4040: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4000: 3998: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3935: 3933: 3927:Pinya Kingdoms 3919: 3918: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3807: 3797: 3796: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3767: 3759: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3714: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3690:Regnal titles 3687: 3686: 3663: 3660: 3655: 3654: 3638: 3627: 3622:Mani Yadanabon 3613: 3595: 3584: 3575: 3561: 3547: 3535: 3523: 3503: 3483: 3477: 3464: 3458: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3366: 3357: 3348: 3339: 3327: 3315: 3306: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3256: 3244: 3235: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3196: 3180: 3171: 3162: 3153: 3141: 3132: 3120: 3111: 3102: 3088: 3079: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3034: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2998: 2986: 2972: 2963: 2951: 2942: 2933: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2897: 2884: 2875: 2863: 2845: 2836: 2824: 2815: 2806: 2797: 2785: 2773: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2677: 2668: 2656: 2644: 2632: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2566: 2557: 2548: 2539: 2525: 2516: 2507: 2498: 2489: 2480: 2471: 2459: 2447: 2435: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2403:Yazawin Thit's 2399:Maha Yazawin's 2390: 2378: 2369: 2360: 2349: 2340: 2319: 2295: 2286: 2277: 2264: 2255: 2233: 2223: 2214: 2204: 2191: 2178: 2168:year of 762 . 2134: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2075: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2055: 2050: 2042: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2020: 2014: 2011:Mani Yadanabon 2006: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1984: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1959: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1936: 1928: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1896:Historiography 1889: 1888:Historiography 1886: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1849: 1847:Tarabya of Ava 1841: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1811:Minye Kyawhtin 1796: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1779: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1762: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1745: 1742: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1693: 1672: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1629: 1626: 1619: 1618: 1616: 1595: 1592: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1497: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1479: 1468: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1450: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1430:Tho Kyaung Bwa 1427: 1424: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1358: 1355: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1330: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1318: 1303: 1300: 1294: 1293: 1291: 1275: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1242: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1219: 1216: 1210: 1209: 1207: 1201:1401–1411/12) 1195: 1192: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1139: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1109: 1106: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1064: 1063:Administration 1061: 1044: 1041: 1015: 1012: 1008:Minye Thihathu 999:Yongle Emperor 988: 985: 978:in which Gen. 958: 955: 936: 933: 905: 902: 896: 893: 863: 860: 837: 834: 824: 821: 819:Pegu in 1407. 798: 795: 766: 763: 717: 714: 712: 709: 675:, Pakhan Nge, 644:Main article: 641: 638: 617: 614: 612: 609: 595: 592: 588:Minye Kyawhtin 584:Minye Thihathu 539: 536: 485: 482: 412:Sagaing Region 387: 384: 312:Burmese script 306:, you may see 298:Burmese script 294: 287: 286: 285: 282: 281: 276: 272: 271: 266: 262: 261: 256: 252: 251: 246: 240: 239: 235:Minye Kyawhtin 220: 206: 205: 184: 180: 179: 160: 156: 155: 135: 131: 130: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 102: 98: 97: 93: 92: 87: 86:Chief Minister 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 55: 51: 50: 44: 43: 33: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4825: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4534: 4533:Prome Kingdom 4530: 4524: 4523:Maha Thammada 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4508:Sanda Thumana 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4468:Naradipati II 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4408:Thiri Thuriya 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4251:Binnya Ran II 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4115:Thihathura II 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4091:Mohnyin Thado 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3908:Narathihapate 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3802: 3801:Pagan dynasty 3798: 3794: 3789: 3780: 3775: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3748:Nandathingyan 3738: 3733: 3729: 3726:Royal titles 3724: 3720: 3713:October 1421 3707: 3706: 3699: 3693: 3688: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3667: 3658: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3527:Harvey, G. E. 3524: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3489: 3484: 3480: 3478:9789812308566 3474: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3429: 3420: 3411: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3388: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3343: 3334: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3310: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3274: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3251: 3249: 3239: 3230: 3228: 3218: 3209: 3200: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3175: 3166: 3157: 3148: 3146: 3136: 3127: 3125: 3115: 3106: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3083: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3056: 3047: 3038: 3029: 3020: 3011: 3002: 2993: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2967: 2958: 2956: 2946: 2937: 2928: 2919: 2910: 2901: 2894: 2888: 2879: 2870: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2840: 2831: 2829: 2819: 2810: 2801: 2792: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2768: 2766: 2756: 2747: 2738: 2736: 2726: 2717: 2708: 2699: 2690: 2681: 2672: 2663: 2661: 2651: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2600: 2598: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2552: 2543: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2520: 2511: 2502: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2430: 2421: 2417: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2382: 2373: 2364: 2353: 2344: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2290: 2281: 2274: 2268: 2259: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2237: 2227: 2218: 2208: 2201: 2195: 2188: 2182: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2139: 2130: 2122: 2120: 2115: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2089:Inscriptions 2088: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2079:Tuesday born 2076: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2056: 2049:Tuesday born 2041: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2021: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1993: 1991:Tuesday born 1985: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1966:Tuesday born 1960: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1935:Tuesday born 1929: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1900: 1893: 1885: 1883: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1865:Junior queen 1864: 1862: 1861:Shin Myat Hla 1859: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1843:Junior queen 1842: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1799:Minye Kyawswa 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1716: 1713: 1694: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1657:Thinkhaya III 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1609: 1608:Minye Kyawswa 1604: 1599: 1598:Letya Pyanchi 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1540: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1513: 1512:Thihapate III 1501: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1413: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1336: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1181:(1386?–1427) 1180: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1088:Vassal state 1086: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1060: 1053: 1051: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1000: 996: 995: 984: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 954: 945: 943: 935:Hsenwi (1412) 932: 930: 929: 922: 920: 916: 912: 901: 892: 884: 876: 874: 868: 859: 857: 856: 851: 847: 842: 829: 820: 816: 814: 809: 805: 794: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 775:Minye Kyawswa 772: 765:Arakan (1406) 762: 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 708: 706: 702: 696: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 664: 662: 652: 647: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 608: 606: 602: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 576:Minye Kyawswa 573: 569: 565: 561: 554: 553: 549: 544: 535: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 506: 501: 497: 495: 491: 481: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 454: 452: 448: 443: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 402: 401: 397: 392: 383: 381: 378: 374: 370: 369:Minye Kyawswa 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 333: 328:ပထမ မင်းခေါင် 325: 321: 313: 309: 305: 301: 299: 280: 277: 273: 270: 267: 263: 260: 257: 253: 250: 247: 245: 241: 236: 232: 228: 224: 223:Minye Kyawswa 221: 218: 217: 211: 207: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 185: 181: 177: 172: 161: 157: 154: 150: 146: 142: 136: 132: 128: 125:Nandathingyan 124: 120: 117: 114: 110: 103: 99: 94: 91: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 71: 68: 64: 56: 52: 49: 45: 42:ပထမ မင်းခေါင် 38: 30: 19: 4612:Minye Deibba 4587:Tabinshwehti 4545:Thado Minsaw 4498:Sanda Parama 4478:Sanda Wizala 4458:Sanda Wizaya 4261:Smim Sawhtut 4236:Leik Munhtaw 4221:Binnya Ran I 4196:Binnya E Law 4139:Narapati III 4111:Minkhaung II 4070: 4056:Thado Minbya 4024:Anawrahta II 3943:Yazathingyan 3878:Naratheinkha 3736: 3731: 3703: 3684:October 1421 3678: 3671: 3664: 3661:Minkhaung I 3649: 3645: 3631: 3620: 3602: 3588: 3579: 3570:Yazawin Thit 3568: 3556:Maha Yazawin 3554: 3542: 3530: 3518: 3514: 3498: 3494: 3468: 3449: 3439:Bibliography 3428: 3419: 3410: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3351: 3342: 3309: 3300: 3291: 3282: 3273: 3238: 3217: 3208: 3199: 3174: 3165: 3156: 3135: 3114: 3105: 3082: 3055: 3046: 3037: 3028: 3019: 3010: 3005:Goh 2009: 24 3001: 2966: 2945: 2936: 2927: 2918: 2909: 2900: 2887: 2878: 2839: 2818: 2809: 2800: 2755: 2746: 2725: 2716: 2707: 2698: 2689: 2680: 2671: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2587: 2578: 2569: 2560: 2551: 2542: 2519: 2510: 2501: 2492: 2483: 2474: 2429: 2420: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2381: 2372: 2363: 2352: 2343: 2322: 2312: 2307: 2304:Yazawin Thit 2303: 2298: 2289: 2280: 2267: 2258: 2250: 2245: 2236: 2226: 2217: 2207: 2194: 2181: 2157: 2149: 2129:Maha Yazawin 2128: 2070: 2054:(49th year) 2039:Yazawin Thit 2037: 2024:(54th year) 2009: 1996:(50th year) 1981:Maha Yazawin 1979: 1953: 1943:1401 – 1423 1940:(54th year) 1922: 1905:Birth–Death 1879: 1870: 1851: 1839:Min Hla Myat 1829: 1791:Shin Mi-Nauk 1781: 1764: 1747: 1744:Chief queen 1711: 1682:(1408–1409) 1677:(1406–1408) 1659:(1420–1435) 1654:(1419–1420) 1647:Thinkhaya II 1615:(1413–1416) 1600:(1390–1413) 1581:(1390–1426) 1500:Thihapate II 1473:(1400–1413) 1455:(1405/06–?) 1394:(1410–1427) 1374:(1406–1425) 1317:(1408–1413) 1315:Yazathingyan 1290:(1413–1450) 1288:Yazathingyan 1285:(1408–1413) 1280:(1400–1407) 1229:(1413–1426) 1206:(1412–1426) 1066: 1054: 1046: 1029: 1017: 992: 990: 960: 946: 942:Pyin Oo Lwin 938: 926: 923: 907: 898: 885: 877: 869: 865: 853: 843: 839: 823:Middle reign 817: 800: 768: 759: 754: 747:Ming records 719: 705:Thupaba Dewi 697: 665: 657: 619: 597: 560:Shin Mi-Nauk 557: 550: 548:Anauk Mibaya 532: 509: 487: 474:Taungdwingyi 469: 455: 451:Thupaba Dewi 431: 408:Gazun-Nyeint 405: 398: 365:Pagan Empire 336: 319: 318: 295: 238:Saw Nant-Tha 214: 199:Shin Mi-Nauk 115: 61:October 1421 40:Minkhaung I 4808:1421 deaths 4803:1373 births 4798:Ava dynasty 4736:Tharrawaddy 4711:Hsinbyushin 4706:Naungdawgyi 4679:Binnya Dala 4607:Anaukpetlun 4298:Ba Saw Phyu 4231:Binnya Kyan 4226:Binnya Waru 4144:Narapati IV 4120:Narapati II 4071:Minkhaung I 4014:Anawrahta I 3705:King of Ava 3666:Ava Kingdom 2242:Binnya Dala 2058:in or after 1680:Thray Sithu 1642:Thinkhaya I 1519: 1401 1507: 1401 1435:Le Than Bwa 1342: 1450 1335:Baya Gamani 1310: 1380 1148:1386–1426) 1142:Thray Sithu 1124: 1433 1033:Dala–Twante 968:Dala–Twante 813:Saw Min Hla 783:Min Saw Mon 727:Shan states 611:Early reign 470:Thinga-Yaza 380:Shan states 153:Ava Kingdom 149:Gazun Neint 112:Predecessor 66:Predecessor 48:King of Ava 34:King of Ava 4792:Categories 4701:Alaungpaya 4592:Bayinnaung 4582:Mingyi Nyo 4550:Bayin Htwe 4488:Nara Apaya 4473:Narapawara 4443:Naradipati 4438:Kalamandat 4318:Salingathu 4308:Ba Saw Nyo 4246:Dhammazedi 4241:Shin Sawbu 4106:Thihathura 4101:Narapati I 4061:Swa Saw Ke 4029:Tarabya II 3972:Kyawswa II 3939:Athinkhaya 3888:Htilominlo 3863:Kyansittha 3565:Maha Sithu 2413:References 2273:Smin Bayan 1917:Reference 1820:Shin Bo-Me 1734:Reference 1625:(Taungoo) 1445:Nyaungshwe 1426:Northeast 1262:Thinkhaya 1237:Paukmyaing 1043:Late reign 994:Ming Shilu 850:Chiang Mai 751:Ming court 739:Nyaungshwe 416:Swa Saw Ke 386:Early life 361:Swa Saw Ke 259:Swa Saw Ke 203:Shin Bo-Me 141:Thadingyut 116:new office 4772:(1527–55) 4726:Bodawpaya 4693:1752–1885 4666:1740–1757 4642:Sanay Min 4602:Nyaungyan 4574:1510–1752 4560:Minkhaung 4537:1482–1542 4433:Mayuppiya 4343:Minkhaung 4280:1429–1785 4266:Smim Htaw 4256:Takayutpi 4211:Razadarit 4206:Maha Dewi 4134:Hkonmaing 4129:Thohanbwa 4048:1364–1555 4009:Tarabya I 3996:1315–1364 3967:Kyawswa I 3931:1297–1364 3923:Myinsaing 3853:Anawrahta 3732:New title 3619:(2009) . 3601:(2003) . 3553:(2006) . 2332:Saw Khway 1757:Saw Khway 1675:Anawrahta 1529:Nyaungyan 1492:Taungdwin 1478:(1413–?) 1367:Anawrahta 1312:–1400s?) 1247:(1400−?) 1222:Tarabya I 1134:Myinsaing 1117:Tarabya I 1112:Uzana III 915:Myaungmya 873:Lagun Ein 787:Anawrahta 779:Launggyet 711:Expansion 594:Accession 524:Razadarit 349:Razadarit 191:Saw Khway 122:Successor 76:Successor 18:Minkhaung 4731:Bagyidaw 4721:Phaungka 4632:Narawara 4555:Narapati 4493:Thirithu 4428:Nawrahta 4393:Narapati 4378:Khamaung 4368:Phalaung 4328:Gazapati 4313:Ran Aung 4201:Binnya U 4186:Zein Pun 4181:Saw Zein 4171:Hkun Law 4076:Thihathu 3982:Uzana II 3952:Thihathu 3947:Thihathu 3883:Sithu II 3828:Theinhko 3805:849–1297 3719:Thihathu 3642:Than Tun 3541:(1967). 3529:(1925). 3448:(2017). 2336:Min Pyan 2170:Than Tun 1845:wife of 1807:Thihathu 1774:Min Pyan 1652:Pantaung 1632:Min Nemi 1613:Thihathu 1579:Nawrahta 1463:Yamethin 1354:(Kalay) 1283:Thihathu 1278:Theiddat 1156:Mekkhaya 1105:(Bagan) 1069:Min Yaza 1025:Martaban 626:Pauk Hla 622:Min Yaza 572:Min Yaza 538:Marriage 447:Theiddat 424:Saw Beza 337:Mingaung 275:Religion 269:Saw Beza 231:Thihathu 195:Min Pyan 187:Shin Saw 90:Min Yaza 80:Thihathu 4622:Pindale 4483:Madarit 4373:Razagyi 4358:Saw Hla 4348:Min Bin 4338:Thazata 4288:Saw Mon 4081:Min Hla 4066:Tarabya 4004:Saw Yun 3977:Narathu 3957:Uzana I 3913:Kyawswa 3873:Narathu 3868:Sithu I 3848:Sokkate 3813:Pyinbya 3698:Tarabya 3551:Kala, U 2251:Hmannan 2164:in the 2158:tha-tin 1902:Source 1782:unknown 1765:unknown 1748:unknown 1690:Sokkate 1623:Toungoo 1610:(1413) 1605:(1413) 1603:Sokkate 1591:(Pyay) 1521:–1441) 1481:Son of 1422:Onbaung 1382:Mohnyin 1372:Min Nyo 1369:(1406) 1332:Letwe? 1270:Sagaing 1091:Region 1050:Toungoo 964:Byat Za 919:Bassein 808:Manipur 804:Min Nyo 743:Mohnyin 735:Onbaung 723:Salween 701:Bassein 689:Tagaung 685:Sagaing 630:Tabayin 566:, in a 564:Mohnyin 528:Pankyaw 462:Tarabya 437:မင်းဆွေ 432:Min Swe 428:Mohnyin 396:Mintara 377:Salween 355:in the 324:Burmese 183:Consort 70:Tarabya 4751:Thibaw 4746:Mindon 4617:Thalun 4363:Sekkya 4353:Dikkha 4303:Dawlya 4166:Wareru 4125:Sawlon 4019:Kyaswa 3898:Kyaswa 3858:Saw Lu 3818:Tannet 3677: 3475: 3456: 1911:Reign 1731:Issue 1725:Queen 1708:Family 1628:South 1594:South 1406:North 1386:North 1364:1406) 1357:North 1329:North 1302:North 1298:Amyint 1274:North 1214:Pakhan 1190:Pyinzi 1119:(1413– 1097:Notes 997:, the 976:Hmawbi 781:, and 771:Arakan 755:sawbwa 490:Pyinzi 265:Mother 255:Father 173:783 ME 4741:Pagan 4716:Singu 4597:Nanda 4503:Apaya 4398:Thado 4388:Sanay 4333:Saw O 4293:Khayi 4191:Saw E 4176:Saw O 3962:Sithu 3903:Uzana 3843:Kyiso 3679:Died: 3672:Born: 3652:(II). 3511:(PDF) 3491:(PDF) 2893:Nadaw 2200:Nadaw 2174:Nadaw 2162:Nadaw 2110:Notes 1728:Rank 1671:West 1589:Prome 1571:Salin 1471:Sithu 1449:East 1402:Myedu 1392:Thado 1325:Singu 1259:Core 1245:Sithu 1241:Core 1218:Core 1194:Core 1175:Core 1171:Pinle 1160:Core 1138:Core 1108:Core 1103:Pagan 972:Dagon 791:Kalay 681:Pagan 677:Salay 673:Salin 661:Prome 478:Minbu 466:Pinle 244:House 210:Issue 171:Nadaw 101:Reign 54:Reign 4323:Raza 4127:and 4113:and 3945:and 3925:and 3823:Sale 3650:XLII 3521:(2). 3501:(1). 3495:SBBR 3473:ISBN 3454:ISBN 2334:and 2306:and 2187:Ming 2082:21 1972:22 1908:Age 1871:none 1852:none 1830:none 1575:Mid 1553:Mid 1549:Sagu 1533:Mid 1496:Mid 1467:Mid 1352:Kale 1255:Wadi 970:and 917:and 669:Sagu 586:and 518:and 449:and 159:Died 143:735 134:Born 4627:Pye 2063:21 2052:48 2030:22 2022:53 2002:21 1994:49 1946:22 1938:53 1004:Maw 789:of 552:nat 458:Ava 420:Ava 418:of 400:nat 351:of 341:Ava 249:Ava 176:Ava 4794:: 3941:, 3741:c. 3711:c. 3682:c. 3648:. 3517:. 3513:. 3497:. 3493:. 3396:^ 3330:^ 3318:^ 3259:^ 3247:^ 3226:^ 3183:^ 3144:^ 3123:^ 3091:^ 3064:^ 2989:^ 2975:^ 2954:^ 2866:^ 2848:^ 2827:^ 2788:^ 2776:^ 2764:^ 2734:^ 2659:^ 2647:^ 2635:^ 2596:^ 2528:^ 2462:^ 2450:^ 2438:^ 2137:^ 2118:^ 2095:? 2045:c. 2017:c. 1987:c. 1962:c. 1931:c. 1884:. 1516:c. 1509:) 1504:c. 1362:c. 1344:) 1339:c. 1307:c. 1199:c. 1163:? 1146:c. 1126:) 1121:c. 1057:c. 950:c. 888:c. 880:c. 725:) 679:, 671:, 590:. 582:, 578:, 496:. 476:, 453:. 326:: 168:c. 163:c. 151:, 145:ME 105:c. 59:c. 3778:e 3771:t 3764:v 3611:. 3519:4 3499:4 3481:. 3462:. 1514:( 1144:( 434:( 322:( 314:. 300:. 31:. 20:)

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