Minkhaung I - Knowledge

519:. Tarabya's army pounced, driving back and pursuing Razadarit's army. Meanwhile Swe's army had positioned in the path of retreat of the Hanthawaddy army. Tarabya, the overall commander-in-chief, sent a messenger, ordering Swe to hold his position and not to engage Razadarit until his army could reach the scene. But Swe ignored the order and the advice of his seasoned commanders, and ordered his troops to engage. Razadarit's army defeated Swe's premature attack, and got back inside Pegu. Five days later, with the rainy season approaching, the invasion was called off. 860:

supplies due to bad weather as well as Hanthawaddy ambushes on supply lines. For his part, Razadarit could not match Ava's manpower, and ordered two attempts on Minkhaung's life. The first attempt by Hanthawaddy special forces to ambush Minkhaung's small contingent was broken up on the warning by Theiddat who was with the Peguan forces. It turned out that Theiddat could not betray his elder brother. Razadarit had Theiddat executed for the warning. The second attempt nearly succeeded. Razadarit sent a team of commandos led by his top general

489: 3777: 596:, who controlled a sizable army, and told the court to offer the throne to Pyauk instead. Theiddat implored Swe to reconsider. When his brother still refused, Theiddat took matters into his own hand. Theiddat and his small band of men ambushed Pyauk's much bigger army near Ava while Pyauk was not expecting. Pyauk was killed. Min Swe had been proclaimed king by 25 November 1400 (or 26 October 1400). He assumed the title of Minkhaung (မင်းခေါင်; "Foremost Lord" or "Paramount Lord"). 279: 817: 640: 532: 2365:(Mani Yadanabon 2009: 65): King Tarabya ascended the throne in 762 ME (29 March 1400 to 28 March 1401), and was assassinated 5 months and 7 days later. (Mani Yadanabon 2009: 67): King Minkhaung became king, also in 762 ME, (implying sometime between August 1400 and March 1401). (Mani Yadanabon 2009: 181): Minkhaung died in 784 ME (1422/23) in his 54th year (at age 53), having reigned 22 years. 684:, to broker a truce. The monk delivered a sermon that Razadarit used as a pretense to withdraw from Ava. Minkhaung's vassals now rallied around him. He was able to assemble a sizable force, which he sent after the rainy season to relieve Prome. The Ava army decisively defeated the invaders south of Prome on 26 December 1402, forcing Pegu to ask for terms about ten days after the battle. 523:

Ava troops could not break through Pegu's defenses and had to retreat before the rainy season arrived. Swe was to get his chance again to go to the front in the 1390–91 campaign. But this time, he commanded just a regiment, and was directly under the command of Tarabya. At any rate, their army could not break through the Pegu defenses at Pankyaw although the campaign ended in a truce.

914:

Ava forces laid siege to the city for the next three months. But Hsenwi opened a new front by invading Ava territory in the north. The invasion was considered serious enough that Minkhaung recalled Minye Kyawswa from Arakan. After the withdrawal, reinforced Hanthawaddy troops went on to drive out the Ava garrison at Launggyet in 1412. (According to the Arakanese chronicle

380: 1041:(Taungoo) but was defeated. In the following dry season, Minkhaung ordered a retaliatory invasion. Ava forces led by Thihathu took the delta, and again forced Razadarit to move to Martaban. They remained in the south for nearly a year. But they could not break through towards Pegu, and had to retreat. It was the last campaign during Minkhaung's reign. 481:, a small town about 85 km southwest of Ava. He also gave Swe command of the 33-member Pyinzi cavalry. Swe would rule Pyinzi for the next 15 years. Chronicles have little information about Swe's period as governor except that his rivalry with Tarabya continued, and that the rivalry may have cost Ava's best chance of defeating 1028:. Minye Kyawswa was mortally wounded in the battle. Minkhaung immediately came down with an army, and exhumed his son's body from where Razadarit had given it honorable burial. The remains were solemnly dropped into the waters near Twante. After rampaging through the delta, Minkhaung called off the invasion and left. 856:

1408. Razadarit had Minkhaung's son-in-law Anawrahta executed, and raised Minkhaung's daughter Pyei Chantha as his queen. Minkhaung was furious. Although the rainy season was just a month away, the king ordered an immediate invasion of the south, overruling his ministers' suggestion to wait until the dry season.

2219:

Chronicles reports slightly different dates for Pegu's takeover of Launggyet. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 334) says Pegu forces had taken Arakan by Kason 770 ME (29 March 1408 to 23 April 1408); (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 228) gives Late Tagu 969 ME (25 February 1408 to 24 March 1408); (Hmannan Vol. 1

2200:

Chronicles do not agree on when Minye Kyawswa became crown prince. (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 33–34) says he was appointed crown prince in late 773 ME (early 1412) after the second Arakan campaign of 1411–1412. But (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 225–226) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 471) say the appointment

1007:

The Ava command apparently considered the victory in the north decisive. Although the Chinese would be back later, Minkhaung and the court now blithely planned a full scale invasion of the south. Ava had collected a large invasion force: an army consisted of 8000 men, 200 horses and 80 elephants, and

871:

August 1408. Razadarit came out and attacked the retreating troops. Ava forces were routed, and Minkhaung's queen Mi-Nauk was captured. Razadarit now had both the mother and the daughter in his harem. Razadarit attempted to pick off Prome by launching an attack on the city on 22 November 1408 but the

2120:

translate the date as 13 October 1373, which is problematic since 13 October 1373 was a Thursday whereas Minkhaung was a Tuesday born per all the main chronicles. This discrepancy apparently is due to treating 735 ME as a leap year (which JC Eades' Southeast Asian Emphemeris also does.) If 735 ME is

888:

After the two consecutive disastrous defeats, a dejected Minkhaung handed over the military leadership to Minye Kyawswa. His eldest son was eager to have a chance to take on Razadarit who held both his mother and sister in his harem. Over the next five years, Minkhaung would call on Minye Kyawswa to

855:

In March 1408, Razadarit sent in an invasion force to Arakan, catching Ava completely by surprise. Its forces had been deployed in the north. The Ava court had not expected Pegu to act first, or an attack on Arakan. Before Ava could send any help, Pegu forces took Launggyet by late March/early April

587:

In April 1400, King Swa Saw Ke died and Tarabya ascended the throne. The new king kept his two half brothers at an arm's length. Neither Swe nor Theiddat controlled a sizable army. When Tarabya became mentally unstable about five months into his reign, and other pretenders began circling the throne,

913:

Meanwhile, Razadarit sought an alliance with Hsenwi in an attempt to open a second front. After the rainy season of 1411, the Hanthawaddy king sent two armies to Arakan. The Ava garrison at Sandoway fell before Ava reinforcements (8000 troops, 300 horses, 30 elephants) led by Minye Kyawswa arrived.

687:

Minkhaung sent an embassy led by Min Yaza to Pegu to negotiate a treaty. He wanted to exact a price from Pegu. After five months of negotiations, the two sides signed a peace treaty. The boundary of their kingdoms was fixed a little to the south of Prome. Pegu agreed to share the customs revenue of

928:

Hsenwi's invasion was not just due to Hanthawaddy's urging. The powerful Shan state had been ordered by the Ming court to retaliate against Ava's annexation of Mohnyin six years earlier. It is unclear if Minkhaung and his court realized the gravity of the situation. Even if they did, their actions

829:

Far more than Ming China, Pegu viewed Ava's acquisition spree with great alarm. Realizing that Pegu was now Ava's only remaining target, Razadarit decided to act. He readily gave shelter to Theiddat although he knew such an action would be regarded as a declaration of war against Ava. He broke the

807:

Theiddat felt totally betrayed. The younger brother bitterly complained that Minkhaung would not have become king were it not for him. Min Yaza tried to but could not mollify Theiddat. Minkhaung had Theiddat arrested but later released him after Min Yaza intervened. Shortly after, Theiddat fled to

522:

Ava would come to rue the missed opportunity. Swa kept Swe from the next invasion in the following dry season. Swe was assigned to guard the capital while Swa and Tarabya invaded the southern country again. The second invasion fared no better. Razadarit committed no more errors, and hunkered down.

2299:

chronicles. (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 264–265) says that Minkhaung died in his 49th year (at age 48) in 783 ME (30 March 1421 to 29 March 1422), and that Razadarit died about two months after Minkhaung in the same calendar year (783 ME). This means Minkhaung died between his 48th birthday on the

936:

Minye Kyawswa went on to lay siege to the city of Hsenwi throughout the rainy season of 1412. The Yunnan government sent an army (20,000 men and 2000 cavalry) to relieve the siege. The Ava army then ambushed the larger Chinese army as they came out of the forest. The Chinese army was driven back.

990:

ordered another attack on Ava. In 1413, while the main Ava armies were in the south, Chinese-backed Hsenwi forces raided Ava's northern territories, destroying "over 20 cities and stockades". The captured elephants, horses, and other goods were presented at the Chinese capital in September 1413.

971:

was mortally wounded. Minkhaung ordered a pause as it was just a month away from the rainy season and the army did not have enough strength. The crown prince ignored his father's order, and resumed the march to Pegu in May 1413. But the Hanthawaddy defenses stopped Ava forces outside Dala and at

749:

Minkhaung initially brushed off the Chinese concerns. It was not until 1408 when he was about to resume the war with Pegu that he sent an embassy to Nanjing. The Ming records say that the Ava representative offered a formal apology to the emperor for "having occupied" the Ming vassals "without

709:

Minkhaung had come out far stronger from the war. What began as an existential threat to his rule had turned to an agreement that was largely in his favor. In the following years, the king, with the advice of Min Yaza, resumed the expansionist policy of his father in order to restore the Pagan

647:

The succession crisis at Ava did not go unnoticed. The Arakanese raided western Irrawaddy towns. In Pegu, King Razadarit assessed that Minkhaung's hold on power was still weak, and planned to place a nominee of his own. It would be payback for Ava's attempts to dislodge him early in his reign.

859:

In May 1408, Minkhaung himself led two armies (26,000 men, 2200 horses, 100 elephants), and invaded the southern country. What ensued was a complete disaster. Predictably, Ava forces got bogged down in the swamps of Lower Burma. Three months into the invasion, Ava's troops were running out of

750:

authority" on 28 May 1408; but despite the promise, Ava was encouraging Hsenwi to rebel against the Ming in 1408–1409. By September 1409, the Ming court was considering a punitive action against Ava. The simmering tensions would lead to war between Ava and Ming China between 1412 and 1415.

910:(Pathein). But the prince found that the key delta cities were well fortified and prepared for long sieges. He pulled back his forces to Prome, and invaded Arakan in early 1411. There, he successfully drove out Pegu-installed vassals, and appointed Ava's commanders as governor-generals. 648:

Throughout 1401, Razadarit prepared an invasion river-borne fleet that could transport not only troops but even horses and elephants. When the dry season began, Hanthawaddy forces invaded by the Irrawaddy river, attacking all the riverside towns and cities, including their main targets,

2237:

chronicle, Minkhaung marched to Prome on the 5th waxing of Nadaw 770 ME (27 November 1408) after recalling Minye Kyawswa from Hsenwi to join him in the south. The 770 ME is an error according to standard chronicles. The invasion of the south after Hsenwi should be 774 ME, according to

955:(natural causes) and Gen. Lagun Ein (KIA). Shaken by the deaths, Razadarit hastily retreated. Minye Kyawswa proposed an immediate invasion of the south. Minkhaung was weary but allowed his son to carry out the plan. In April 1413, Minye Kyawswa took eastern delta towns of 941:

November 1412. But Pegu came to Hsenwi's aid this time by launching a massive attack on Prome after the rainy season. The attack was serious enough that Minkhaung himself marched with his army to relieve Prome, and ordered Minye Kyawswa to join him on the southern front.

762:. The western kingdom was a tributary of Ava between 1373/74 and 1385/86 during his father's reign but escaped Ava's orbit at the start of the Forty Years' War. Using alleged Arakanese raids on Ava's western districts, he sent a 10,000-strong army led by his eldest son 889:

wage war against his enemies on multiple fronts: against Hanthawaddy in both Lower Burma and Arakan, and against Ming China and its vassal states in the north. His son proved a gifted commander, and Ava would come closest to reassembling the Pagan Empire.

655:

The Forty Year's War had resumed after a 10-year hiatus. Initially, Hanthawaddy held the advantage. Ava did not have a navy that could challenge Pegu's massive flotilla. Ava forces had to defend inside the fortified towns along the river: Prome, Myede,

1016:(Mottama). The Ava command planned a pincer movement on Pegu from Toungoo and from Dala. But the attack on Pegu would be delayed as the Chinese forces invaded from the north. Minkhaung managed to send an army which forced the Chinese army to retreat. 879:

May 1410, Razadarit counterattacked. Near Tharrawaddy, Razadarit and Minkhaung faced in battle over elephants, and the Hanthawaddy king drove back Minkhaung. The remaining Ava army was routed; several infantry, cavalry and elephants were captured.

1019:

The Chinese attack provided a much-needed breathing room for Razadarit. He was back in Pegu and planning counterattack by February 1415. On 2 March 1415, Razadarit himself led the army to the Dala front. On 13 March 1415, the two armies fought at

2260:(Fernquest Autumn 2006: 53–54): Ming records do not provide any details about the expedition. The Burmese chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 28–29) say that when the Ava army and the Chinese army met, both sides agreed to a duel on horseback. 929:

show they were not concerned about an escalating war against Ming-backed states in their northern border. Minkhaung was determined to teach Hsenwi a lesson. After Minye Kyawswa decisively defeated the Hsenwi force near Wetwin (present-day

790:

After Arakan, Minkhaung was riding high. He was greatly impressed by his son's performance, and wanted to make him his heir apparent. With the advice of Min Yaza, he sent away Tarabya's eldest son and potential rival to the throne Prince

563:, King Swa selected Swe to marry Mi-Nauk. While the peace with Mohnyin did not last—Ava and Mohnyin were to fight another war just three years later—the marriage between Swe and Mi-Nauk lasted. The couple had four children at Pyinzi: 2374:

Tarabya became king in 762 ME (29 March 1400 to 28 March 1401), and was assassinated after 5 months. Minkhaung ascended the throne after a brief period of power struggle, meaning Minkhaung came to power in or after September 1400.

920:, Ava retained a toehold at the Khway-thin-taung garrison in northern Arakan until 1416/17. But Ava would not send a major force to Arakan, and the western state would remain a Hanthawaddy vassal at least until Razadarit's death.) 897:

Minye Kyawswa brought a fresh thinking to Ava's battle plan. Instead of directly attacking the well-defended Pegu capital region, he would attack what he believed were less defended regions. In late 1410, the prince invaded the

1036:

Minkhaung was totally heartbroken by his eldest son's death. He recalled Thihathu from Prome, and appointed him heir apparent. The war went on languidly for two more campaigns. In 1416–1417, Razadarit tried to pick off

503:. Tarabya commanded the First Army (7000 infantry, 500 cavalry, 20 elephants) while Swe led the Second Army (6000 infantry, 500 cavalry, 20 elephants). The two princes were advised by Ava's best commanders, including 2347:

Minkhaung's reign is derived from the horoscope for Tarabya per (Zata 1960: 73), which says Tarabya died in 1401, and that for Thihathu per (Zata 1960: 74) which says Thihathu came to power in 783 ME (1421/22).

950:

Over the next four months the father-son team tried to break the Hanthawaddy siege of Prome. They made no meaningful progress until when the Hanthawaddy command suddenly lost its two most senior generals: Gen.

799:

border, as governor. He tried to appease his brother Theiddat, governor of Sagaing, by giving him command of the Northern Cavalry. The king then appointed Minye Kyawswa his heir apparent, and married him to

453:, who was born to a senior queen, constantly bullied both Swe and Theiddat. The bullying became a serious problem, and in 1381/82, the king had to send away Swe and Theiddat to a small monastery near 875:

Minkhaung was forced to regroup. In December 1409, he again invaded with two armies (14,000 men, 1400 horses, 100 elephants). His armies again could not break through. Five months into the invasion

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Chronicles (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 224–225) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 445–446, 467) say that Nyaungshwe and Mohnyin submitted in 767 ME (1405/06) and 768 ME (1406/07) respectively. According to

621:. He also appointed Theiddat governor of Sagaing with the title of Thiri Zeya Thura but stopped short of declaring him his heir-apparent. While Sagaing was a sizable province that used to be an 999:

to Prome to take over the southern command. At Ava, Minye Kyawswa marched north to take on the Maw forces. His forces defeated Maw forces at Myedu, and chased the enemy to the Chinese border.

2141:(Ancient Stone Inscriptions of Myanmar, Vol. 4, p. 221). According to (SMK Vol. 4 1998: 220–221, lines 7, 12), the inscription—founded in 762 ME at the Yan Aung-Myin Pagoda, in 1441: 902:

by river and land with an army (7000 men, 600 horses, and 40 elephants) and a navy that transported 7000 men. Combined Ava forces proceeded to attack the key delta cities of

1464: 1012:. Although Hanthawaddy forces put up a spirited defense, Ava forces had gained complete control of the delta by the end of December. Razadarit evacuated Pegu, and moved to 2304:(Pan Hla 2005: 356) says Razadarit died in 783 ME in his 54th year. This means Razadarit died before his 54th birthday on 8th waxing of Tabodwe 783 ME (30 December 1421). 1500: 511:. The Ava command expected an easy victory over an overpowered opponent. But Ava forces could not break through well-organized Peguan defenses for five months. Then, King 1064:

in which the high king ruled the core while semi-independent tributaries, autonomous viceroys, and governors actually controlled day-to-day administration and manpower.

1167: 2165:

762 ME, apparently treating 762 ME as a great leap year. If 762 ME were a regular year, the 9th waxing of Nadaw 762 ME would translate to Tuesday, 26 October 1400.

419:. Chronicles say that after giving birth to the child, Beza showed up at the Ava palace to present the male son, as instructed to by the king. The child was named 1233: 592:

assassinated Tarabya, and tried to seize the throne. But the court executed the usurper, and offered the throne to Min Swe. But Swe was concerned about Gov.

559:. The marriage was part of the effort by Ava and Mohnyin to mend their fences after the 1387–88 war between the two states. On the advice of Chief Minister 1655: 937:

Five Chinese commanders, 2000 troops and 1000 horses were taken prisoner. Ava wanted to finish off Hsenwi and the siege went on for one more month until

759: 361: 972:

Syriam. The fighting paused during the rainy season of 1413. Razadarit again sent emissaries to northern Shan states and Lan Na in search of alliances.

2137:

following (Tin Hla Thaw, History of Burma, 1959: 136), the inscription on which Minkhaung's accession date was found is recorded in the volume 4 of

477:

Circa April 1385, Swa appointed Tarabya his heir-apparent. The king kept Swe out of Tarabya's reach, and appointed his 11-year-old son governor of

1048:

October 1421. His nemesis Razadarit is said to have lamented when he heard the news of Minkhaung's death. Razadarit died about two months later.

680:) but the blockades were not enough to force a surrender. Minkhaung bought time by sending a delegation led by a learned Buddhist monk, 3765: 1008:

a navy consisting of 13,000 men, and over 1800 ships of all sizes. In October 1414, Minye Kyawswa launched the invasion of the western

499:

In 1385, the king ordered his two eldest sons to lead a two-pronged invasion of the southern kingdom in what would become known as the

2306:

Because Minkhaung died about two months before Razadarit, he most probably had died by October 1421 and Razadarit about December 1421.

847:

chronicle, Razadarit viewed Ava's mission to Chiang Mai as an attempt by Ava to secure its rear, and decided that war was inevitable.

1061: 746:

of Mohnyin and his son. On 25 August 1406, the Ming court sent an embassy to Ava to end the "aggression" against the Shan states.

625:, the younger brother was never satisfied with the reward, and held a "lingering resentment that would later rear its ugly head". 830:

1403 agreement: Pegu stopped sending the annual shipment of 30 elephants and Ava's share of customs revenue of the Bassein port.

634: 493: 4801: 2242:(Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 8–9). Minkhaung may have marched to Prome, starting on the 5th waxing of Nadaw 774 ME (8 November 1412). 758:

Despite Chinese concerns, by August 1406, Ava had gained allegiance of all of its surrounding Shan states. Minkhaung now eyed

3446: 2282:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 256): Full moon of Tabaung 776 ME = 22 February 1415; 8th waning of Tabaung 776 ME = 2 March 1415 1869:

One of his concubines, Saw Pan-Gon, gave birth to a daughter named Saw Nant-Tha, who was later married to his nephew Prince

3587: 1303: 1276: 2315:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 265) says Bo-Me was Queen of the Southern Palace. However, a 1409 stone inscription donated by 296: 292: 3693: 36: 3465: 3597: 643:

Hanthawaddy forces attacked Ava territories from Tharrawaddy to Tagaung in 1401–1402, and up to Prome in 1402–1403.

2377:

Minkhaung became king in his 28th year (aged 27), reigned 21 years, and died in his 49th year (aged 48) in 783 ME.

3758: 2230: 864:

to infiltrate the enemy camp. Lagun Ein got inside Minkhaung's tent but refused to kill a sleeping Minkhaung.

722:, the acquisition drive was largely peaceful, and accomplished through diplomatic missions led by Min Yaza to 837:

to be the wife of Anawrahta as well as a senior minister to aid the vassal king. He also sent an embassy to

4758: 4650: 3553: 1025: 639: 515:

of Hanthawaddy made a tactical error by coming out of his fortified capital to attack Ava positions near

2264:, who had entered Ava's service, defeated the Chinese commander, after which the Chinese army retreated. 2178:

records, per (Fernquest Autumn 2006: 51), Ava had acquired Bhamo, Mohnyin, and Kalay by 25 August 1406.

1459: 614: 17: 3751: 1488: 995:(Mong Mao/Mawdon Mawke). As usual, Minkhaung recalled Minye Kyawswa to Ava, and sent his middle son 4194: 3781: 2345:(Zata 1960: 73): Minkhaung was born on Tuesday, 15th nekkhat of 7th month (Thadingyut) of 744 ME . 1799: 1668: 1645: 1215: 1130: 576: 223: 2300:

12th waning of Thadingyut 783 ME (22 September 1421) and the last day of 783 ME (29 March 1422).

1635: 991:

According to the Burmese chronicles, the attack on Myedu was carried out by another Shan state,

4709: 4084: 1663: 1630: 1586: 1547: 1355: 968: 775: 593: 508: 4640: 4533: 4017: 461:). The two princes studied under the learned monk, and traveled around the region, including 449:(Inwa) until he was eight. His life at the palace was not all well. Their older half-brother 4796: 4791: 4786: 4662: 4331: 4103: 3997: 3621: 1849: 1323: 916: 833:

Meanwhile, Minkhaung tried to solidify his hold over Arakan by sending his eldest daughter

589: 2210:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 228, 235): Late Tagu 769 ME = 25 February 1408 to 24 March 1408 2133:

Minkhaung's accession date is conventionally translated as 25 November 1400. According to

8: 4416: 4381: 4311: 4142: 3960: 2154: 1827: 1673: 1640: 1625: 1620: 1471: 1210: 1192: 1105: 1057: 843: 610: 560: 504: 500: 482: 345: 341: 78: 2145:—states that the Great Lord Anawrahta Saw in his 28th year ascended the throne on the 2121:

treated as a regular year, the resulting date falls on a Tuesday (on 13 September 1373).

4548: 4406: 4264: 4074: 4022: 3955: 3826: 3578: 3434: 2327:

were principal queens. If Bo-Me did become the chief queen, it must be later than 1409.

2134: 1943: 1912: 1870: 1360: 1100: 792: 719: 692:(Pathein), and supply 30 elephants annually. In return, Minkhaung sent his only sister 333: 267: 4543: 4451: 4204: 4094: 4089: 4007: 3970: 3911: 3881: 3821: 3496: 3476: 3461: 3442: 1567: 556: 198: 2273:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 253): Tabodwe 776 ME = 10 January 1415 to 7 February 1415 4677: 4441: 4386: 3965: 3945: 3901: 2320: 1791: 1745: 1678: 1591: 1243: 1225: 834: 742:

became especially concerned after Ava's capture of Mohnyin in 1406 that killed the

568: 430: 396: 320: 312: 300: 286: 215: 179: 137: 133: 4724: 4635: 4558: 4501: 4411: 4401: 4391: 4371: 4108: 4064: 3980: 3806: 3707: 3605: 3592: 2336:(Zata 1960: 46): Tuesday, 8th month (Tazaungmon) of 731 ME (1 to 30 October 1369) 2324: 2316: 2251:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 244–245): Nayon 775 ME (30 April 1413 to 28 May 1413). 2142: 2060: 1795: 1762: 1728: 1601: 1271: 1021: 1009: 996: 980:

Ava's northern front was never quiet after the siege of Hsenwi. According to the

956: 899: 622: 617:

governor Yamethin, and Yaza's son-in-law Thado Theinkhathu governor of Badon and

572: 488: 219: 183: 175: 68: 3562:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing. 3548:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing. 4625: 4506: 4436: 4132: 4127: 4069: 4054: 4032: 4012: 3950: 3891: 3686: 3610: 1999: 1835: 1559: 1418: 987: 960: 681: 676:

and Ava. The Pegu navy held complete control of the Irrawaddy (as far north as

661: 450: 400: 58: 3776: 360:, Ava nearly succeeded. While he ultimately failed to conquer Hanthawaddy and 4780: 4590: 4521: 4511: 4496: 4456: 4396: 4239: 4079: 3915: 3896: 3871: 3789: 1787: 1596: 1380: 763: 665: 564: 357: 211: 588:

Swe was not in a strong-enough position to challenge them. Soon after, Gov.

4575: 4486: 4466: 4446: 4366: 4356: 4301: 4249: 4224: 4209: 4184: 4099: 4044: 4002: 3931: 3866: 3811: 3743: 3558: 3544: 3477:"Rajadhirat's Mask of Command: Military Leadership in Burma (c. 1348–1421)" 2175: 2027: 1969: 1779: 1537: 1480: 930: 739: 693: 657: 548: 540: 536: 516: 462: 439: 388: 353: 187: 3497:"Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382–1454)" 2161:

translated the date as 25 November 1400, which would be the 9th waxing of

1056:

Minkhaung heavily relied on the advice of his court led by Chief Minister

434:). The king made Beza a junior queen, and had two more children with her: 4699: 4694: 4667: 4610: 4600: 4595: 4585: 4361: 4346: 4286: 4276: 4219: 4214: 3856: 3654: 3515: 2386:(Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 436, 439) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 51–52). Mixing 1423: 801: 771: 715: 408: 368: 329: 237: 141: 2114:

Tuesday, 12th waning of Thadingyut 735 ME (Tuesday, 13 September 1373).

738:

say that Ava's missions were in fact military expeditions, and that the

4739: 4734: 4689: 4580: 4570: 4538: 4476: 4461: 4431: 4426: 4351: 4341: 4306: 4296: 4291: 4234: 4229: 4049: 3927: 3876: 3851: 2261: 1808: 1433: 982: 838: 735: 727: 404: 349: 247: 191: 129: 841:, and a long overdue mission to China in early 1408. According to the 766:

to Arakan. On 29 November 1406, Ava forces took the Arakanese capital

4729: 4714: 4704: 4630: 4421: 4376: 4321: 4281: 4254: 4244: 4199: 4122: 4117: 3841: 3527: 1517: 1122: 903: 861: 767: 512: 337: 3586: 4719: 4620: 4481: 4316: 4189: 4174: 4169: 4159: 3940: 3935: 3816: 3630: 2319:

states that Shin Saw was the chief queen and her two other sisters

2158: 1451: 1266: 1144: 992: 531: 435: 412: 257: 3576:

Royal Historians of Burma (1960) . U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) (ed.).

2356:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 305) and (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 55) 4615: 4471: 4336: 4326: 3992: 3861: 3836: 3801: 1611: 1370: 1258: 1038: 1013: 952: 907: 796: 731: 711: 689: 677: 673: 618: 552: 416: 384: 365: 232: 816: 609:

Minkhaung spent his first year consolidating his power. He kept

4605: 4154: 4113: 3886: 3846: 3571:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–5. Yangon: Archaeological Department. 3539: 2220:

2003: 477) gives Late Kason 769 ME (25 March to 28 March 1408).

1410: 1286: 1202: 1178: 964: 723: 478: 3614:(in Burmese) (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Seit-Ku Cho Cho. 379: 4491: 4179: 4164: 3831: 2881: 2188: 2162: 2150: 2116:

Some scholars such as the editors of the 2006 edition of the

1403:

Thet-taw-shay appointed in 1413, and fell in action in 1415.

1390: 1340: 1313: 1159: 1091: 779: 669: 466: 454: 159: 1577: 649: 446: 164: 3520:

History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824

2201:

came after the first Arakan campaign, in 768 ME (1406/07).

850: 785: 3575: 3582:. Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma. 1701:

Chronicles state that Minkhaung had five senior queens.

824: 415:

earlier in the year during a military campaign against

3618: 933:), the king agreed to a plan to attack Hsenwi itself. 704: 3633:(December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400". 975: 892: 348:(1385–1424). As king, Minkhaung continued his father 4767:

Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)

3625:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–2. Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay. 3556:(2012) . Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). 3458:

Connecting and Distancing: Southeast Asia and China

395:The future king was born in a small village called 3534:. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. 963:. But the Ava advance was halted at the battle of 356:. Under the military leadership of his eldest son 3406: 2969: 2967: 2965: 1405:Ottama Thiri Zeya Nawrahta was governor by 1421. 696:to be queen of Razadarit in a marriage alliance. 4778: 3566: 1044:The king spent his last years in piety. He died 3204: 2880:(Razadarit Ayedawbon 2005: 278): 5th waxing of 2858: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2780: 2778: 2639: 2637: 710:Empire. His first targets were the nearer (cis- 3390: 3388: 3386: 2962: 2651: 2649: 2454: 2452: 2149:(သတင်) day in the waxing half of the month of 883: 3759: 3415: 3347: 3338: 3296: 3136: 3134: 2819: 2817: 2726: 2724: 2613: 628: 424: 3773: 3310: 3308: 3287: 3260: 3042: 2865: 2853: 2835: 2775: 2694: 2685: 2667: 2658: 2634: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2187:(RRT Vol. 2 1999: 9): Monday, 5th waning of 2129: 2127: 1813:Queen of the Western Palace (r. 1408−1421?) 1173:Thray Thinkhaya was still in office in 1423 613:as chief minister, and appointed Yaza's son 332:from 1400 to 1421. He is best remembered in 3383: 3356: 3322: 3320: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3218: 3216: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 2946: 2944: 2756: 2754: 2646: 2627: 2625: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2479: 2449: 1784:Queen of the Western Palace (r. 1400−1408) 1530:Tuyin Ponnya reappointed to office in 1400 469:, Ngape and Padein, with their attendants. 383:Swe's childhood rival Tarabya portrayed as 3766: 3752: 3604: 3552: 3433: 3269: 3239: 3237: 3131: 3122: 3115: 3113: 3092: 3033: 3015: 2814: 2768: 2766: 2721: 2442: 2440: 2430: 2428: 1532:Baya Kyawhtin was still governor in 1423. 1002: 945: 820:Political map of Burma in the 15th century 3526: 3494: 3474: 3441:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 3329: 3305: 2981: 2979: 2703: 2588: 2586: 2124: 1527:Baya Kyawhtin II (by 1408–1423 or later) 774:fled to Bengal. Minkhaung appointed Gov. 604: 3629: 3397: 3374: 3365: 3317: 3302:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 225 footnote 3 3278: 3246: 3213: 3186: 3170: 3152: 3078: 3051: 3024: 3006: 2953: 2941: 2914: 2896: 2887: 2874: 2826: 2805: 2787: 2751: 2742: 2622: 2574: 2565: 2556: 2515: 2506: 2497: 2488: 815: 638: 547:In 1389/90, Swe was married to Princess 530: 487: 403:) on 13 September 1373. His father King 378: 3619:Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1997–1999) . 3234: 3225: 3161: 3143: 3110: 3101: 3069: 2997: 2923: 2905: 2763: 2733: 2712: 2604: 2470: 2461: 2437: 2425: 2291:The approximate date of death based on 2110: 2108: 1856:married only for five months (1409–10) 851:Resumption of war with Pegu (1408–1410) 786:Heir-apparent selection and its fallout 297:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 4779: 3514: 3412:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 207–208, 210 3195: 2976: 2932: 2796: 2676: 2595: 2583: 2416: 2407: 1686:Viceroy for a few months in 1408–1409 1062:administrative model of solar polities 364:, he was able to bring in most of cis- 16:For other people named Minkhaung, see 3747: 3596:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: 2619:SMK Vol. 4 1998: 220–221, lines 7, 12 1688:Governor of North Arakan (Launggyet) 1400:Ottama Thiri Zeya Nawrahta (1415?–?) 1024:in one of the most famous battles in 472: 429: 319: 3588:Royal Historical Commission of Burma 3538: 2105: 1690:Governor of South Arakan (Sandoway) 825:Deterioration of relations with Pegu 336:for his epic struggles against King 3522:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. 3455: 3192:Aung-Thwin and Aung-Thwin 2012: 109 2988: 2233:'s Burmese language version of the 1491:("Thettawshay Thihapate") (by 1364– 705:Cis-Salween Shan states (1404–1406) 13: 3421:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 264, 266 3344:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 212, 247 3266:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 246, 290 2191:768 ME = Monday, 29 November 1406. 976:Northern Burma and Maw (1413–1414) 893:Lower Burma and Arakan (1410–1412) 867:At any rate, Ava forces retreated 795:to Kalay, a frontier state by the 457:to study under the chief primate ( 14: 4813: 3635:Journal of Burma Research Society 3048:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 244–245 2823:Razadarit Ayedawbon 2005: 237–238 2691:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 219–221 2544:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 199–200 1876: 1545:Theinkhathu II (?–1402 or later) 1060:. He continued to employ Pagan's 1051: 3775: 3598:Ministry of Information, Myanmar 3460:. Institute of Southeast Asian. 3439:Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century 2380: 2368: 2359: 2350: 2339: 2330: 2309: 2139:Shay-haung Myanmar Kyauk-sa-mya 1953:23 September 1382 – early 1422 1475:Also known as Sithu the Younger 923: 753: 277: 3504:SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research 3427: 2285: 2276: 2267: 2254: 2245: 2223: 2213: 2204: 2194: 2181: 2168: 1916:(List of Kings of Ava Section) 811: 635:Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1401–1403) 494:Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391) 3732:April 1385 – 25 November 1400 3569:Shay-haung Myanma Kyauksa-mya 3567:Nyein Maung, ed. (1972–1998). 3495:Fernquest, Jon (Autumn 2006). 3475:Fernquest, Jon (Spring 2006). 599: 535:Shin Mi-Nauk portrayed as the 1: 4802:15th-century Burmese monarchs 3729: 3699: 3670: 3353:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 398, 400 3335:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 259 3314:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 266 3257:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 212 3183:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 265 3158:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 264 3089:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 247 3066:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 246 3030:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 244 3012:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 242 2938:Razadarit Ayedawbon 2005: 274 2920:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 238 2902:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 237 2832:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 229 2811:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 226 2793:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 227 2760:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 225 2512:Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 296 2503:Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 295 2494:Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 293 2485:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 418, 435 2434:Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 285 2401: 2087:by 25 November 1400 – ? 2033: 2005: 1975: 1950: 1919: 1750:Queen of the Northern Palace 1525:Tuyin Ponnya (by 1390–1408?) 1504: 1492: 1350: 1327: 1295: 1187: 1134: 1109: 1045: 1031: 938: 876: 868: 374: 156: 151: 96:April 1385 – 25 November 1400 93: 47: 4759:Confederation of Shan States 4651:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 3293:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 7–8, 66 2973:Fernquest Autumn 2006: 53–54 2929:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 30 2911:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 29 2871:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 484–485 2862:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 481–483 2850:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 476–477 2784:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 473–474 2730:Fernquest autumn 2006: 51–52 2700:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 469–470 2673:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 447–455 2664:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 446–447 2643:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 441–443 2553:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 432–433 2535:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 429–431 2458:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 439–440 2413:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 55 699: 672:(Bagan), Talok, Pakhan Gyi, 582: 411:had met his commoner mother 321:[pətʰəma̰mɪ́ɰ̃ɡàʊɰ̃] 7: 3275:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 20, 89 2081:13 September 1373 – ? 1767:Queen of the Middle Palace 1681:(South Arakan) (1411–1412) 1676:(North Arakan) (1411–1412) 1216:Tarabya II (Minye Kyawhtin) 1083:Ruler (duration in office) 1071:Rulers of Key Vassal States 884:Multi-front war (1410–1415) 551:, daughter of the chief of 526: 204: 10: 4818: 3362:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 62–63 3140:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 48–49 3128:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 42–43 3098:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 21–22 3039:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 15–16 3021:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 13–14 1815:Queen of Southern Palace? 1398:Thet-taw-shay (1413–1415) 632: 629:Invasion by Pegu (1401–03) 18:Minkhaung (disambiguation) 15: 4748: 4676: 4649: 4557: 4520: 4263: 4141: 4031: 3979: 3910: 3788: 3734: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3704: 3691: 3683: 3678: 3648: 2884:770 ME = 22 November 1408 2718:Fernquest autumn 2006: 51 2655:Fernquest Spring 2006: 10 2049:September 1400 – 1421/22 2040: 2032: 1926: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1883: 1871:Min Nyo of Kale Kye-Taung 1706: 1696: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1069: 804:, a cousin of the groom. 425: 352:'s policy to restore the 328:; 1373–1421) was king of 316: 263: 253: 243: 231: 197: 171: 147: 122: 118: 110: 100: 89: 84: 74: 64: 54: 42: 35: 28: 3284:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 414 3222:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 429 2950:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 7–8 2893:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 2–3 2748:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 445 2631:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 440 2580:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 439 2571:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 438 2562:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 441 2526:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 424 2476:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 418 2467:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 435 2446:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 410 2229:(Pan Hla 2005: 278): In 2098: 1905: 1902: 1896: 1708:Family of King Minkhaung 1026:Burmese military history 128:Tuesday, 12th waning of 4764:Brief revival (1550–52) 3456:Goh, Geok Yian (2009). 3403:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 81 3380:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 61 3371:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 79 3326:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 20 3243:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 56 3231:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 66 3210:Aung-Thwin 1985: 99–101 3167:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 51 3149:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 50 3119:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 27 3107:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 22 3075:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 16 3003:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 12 2772:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 21 1922:16 October 1369 – 1423 1684:Minkhaung's son-in-law 1003:Lower Burma (1414–1415) 946:Lower Burma (1412–1413) 652:(Pyay) and Ava (Inwa). 154:October 1421 (aged 48) 3698:by 25 November 1400 – 3435:Aung-Thwin, Michael A. 3394:Than Tun 1959: 125–126 2985:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 9 2394:age of 48 (49th year). 969:Letya Pyanchi of Prome 821: 644: 605:Consolidation of power 594:Maha Pyauk of Yamethin 544: 509:Theinkhathu Saw Hnaung 496: 399:(present-day northern 392: 285:This article contains 46:by 25 November 1400 – 4641:Mahadhammaraza Dipadi 1947:(Horoscopes Section) 819: 726:(Hsipaw) in 1404/05, 642: 534: 492:Key locations in the 491: 382: 4755:Mongol vassal (1297) 4663:Smim Htaw Buddhaketi 4147:1287–1539, 1550–1552 3622:Rakhine Razawin Thit 2610:Aung-Thwin 2017: 321 2066:June 1401 – 1421/22 1988:June 1401 – 1422/23 917:Rakhine Razawin Thit 590:Thihapate of Tagaung 4752:Regent or Co-Regent 4143:Hanthawaddy Kingdom 3726:Governor of Pyinzi 2959:RRT Vol. 2 1999: 10 2601:Aung-Thwin 2017: 71 2302:Razadarit Ayedawbon 2297:Razadarit Ayedawbon 2235:Razadarit Ayedawbon 1674:Letya Zeya Thingyan 1626:Letya Zeya Thingyan 1548:Thiri Zeya Kyawhtin 1472:Min Yaza of Wun Zin 1378:vacant (1406–1410) 1193:Letya Zeya Thingyan 844:Razadarit Ayedawbon 718:. According to the 623:independent kingdom 505:Thilawa of Yamethin 445:Min Swe grew up in 167:(Inwa), Ava Kingdom 4407:Muni Thudhammaraza 4075:Kale Kye-Taung Nyo 4023:Minbyauk Thihapate 3827:Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu 3579:Zatadawbon Yazawin 3532:A History of Burma 3201:Lieberman 2003: 35 2802:Htin Aung 1967: 91 2739:RRT Vol. 2 1999: 9 2709:Harvey 1925: 89–90 2592:Than Tun 1959: 128 2135:Michael Aung-Thwin 2016:1400/01 – 1422/23 1958:1401 – early 1422 1944:Zatadawbon Yazawin 1913:Zatadawbon Yazawin 1656:Launggyet (Arakan) 1628:(1408/09–1411/12) 1550:(after 1402–1412) 1349:Min Chay-To (1400– 1103:(by 1380/81–1413) 822: 720:Burmese chronicles 645: 545: 497: 473:Governor of Pyinzi 431:[mɪ́ɴsʰwè] 393: 371:to the Ava orbit. 309:Minkhaung I of Ava 268:Theravada Buddhism 126:13 September 1373 85:Governor of Pyinzi 4774: 4773: 4452:Sanda Thuriya III 4205:Binnya Dhammaraza 3882:Naratheinga Uzana 3822:Nyaung-u Sawrahan 3742: 3741: 3735:Succeeded by 3705:Succeeded by 3663:13 September 1373 3448:978-0-8248-6783-6 2390:reign dates with 2096: 2095: 2048: 1867: 1866: 1694: 1693: 1552:Khin Ba (1413–?) 1426:(1410s?–1459/60) 1421:(1404/05–1420s?) 1326:(1401–1426, 1427– 872:attack faltered. 734:in 1406. But the 557:marriage of state 293:rendering support 273: 272: 4809: 4683: 4678:Konbaung dynasty 4656: 4564: 4527: 4442:Sanda Thuriya II 4270: 4148: 4038: 3986: 3921: 3795: 3782:Burmese monarchs 3780: 3779: 3768: 3761: 3754: 3745: 3744: 3731: 3701: 3684:Preceded by 3674: 3672: 3664: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3626: 3615: 3606:Sandalinka, Shin 3601: 3583: 3572: 3563: 3549: 3535: 3528:Htin Aung, Maung 3523: 3511: 3501: 3491: 3481: 3471: 3452: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3404: 3401: 3395: 3392: 3381: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3315: 3312: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3244: 3241: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3211: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3193: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3129: 3126: 3120: 3117: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3049: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3031: 3028: 3022: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2995: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2974: 2971: 2960: 2957: 2951: 2948: 2939: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2918: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2878: 2872: 2869: 2863: 2860: 2851: 2848: 2833: 2830: 2824: 2821: 2812: 2809: 2803: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2773: 2770: 2761: 2758: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2719: 2716: 2710: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2656: 2653: 2644: 2641: 2632: 2629: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2593: 2590: 2581: 2578: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2513: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2486: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2459: 2456: 2447: 2444: 2435: 2432: 2423: 2420: 2414: 2411: 2395: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2363: 2357: 2354: 2348: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2313: 2307: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2249: 2243: 2227: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2185: 2179: 2172: 2166: 2155:Arthat (Ashadha) 2131: 2122: 2112: 2046: 2035: 2007: 1977: 1952: 1921: 1903:Length of reign 1886: 1881: 1880: 1792:Saw Pyei Chantha 1709: 1704: 1703: 1509: 1506: 1497: 1494: 1352: 1332: 1329: 1300: 1297: 1294:Tuyin Theinzi? ( 1189: 1136: 1114: 1111: 1072: 1067: 1066: 1047: 940: 878: 870: 835:Saw Pyei Chantha 782:king of Arakan. 569:Saw Pyei Chantha 501:Forty Years' War 483:Hanthawaddy Pegu 433: 428: 427: 362:Launggyet Arakan 346:Forty Years' War 342:Hanthawaddy Pegu 323: 318: 299: instead of 281: 280: 216:Saw Pyei Chantha 208: 158: 153: 95: 49: 26: 25: 4817: 4816: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4744: 4681: 4680: 4672: 4654: 4653: 4645: 4636:Taninganway Min 4562: 4561: 4559:Toungoo dynasty 4553: 4525: 4524: 4516: 4502:Sanda Wimala II 4412:Sanda Thuriya I 4402:Wara Dhammaraza 4392:Sanda Thudhamma 4372:Thiri Thudhamma 4268: 4267: 4265:Mrauk U Kingdom 4259: 4146: 4145: 4137: 4085:Minye Kyawswa I 4036: 4035: 4027: 3984: 3983: 3981:Sagaing Kingdom 3975: 3919: 3918: 3906: 3793: 3792: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3738: 3728: 3710: 3697: 3689: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3651: 3593:Hmannan Yazawin 3499: 3479: 3468: 3449: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3247: 3242: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3214: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2977: 2972: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2854: 2849: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2752: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2682:Phayre 1967: 71 2681: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2647: 2642: 2635: 2630: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2450: 2445: 2438: 2433: 2426: 2422:Eades 1989: 112 2421: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2398: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2317:Shin Saw of Ava 2314: 2310: 2305: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2182: 2173: 2169: 2143:Tada-U Township 2132: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2106: 2101: 2092: 2067: 2061:Hmannan Yazawin 2042: 2037: 2036:1373 – 1421/22 2012: 2008:1369 – 1422/23 1984: 1979: 1978:1373 – 1422/23 1954: 1928: 1923: 1884: 1879: 1855: 1833: 1814: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1729:Shin Saw of Ava 1707: 1699: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1644: 1639: 1638:(1415–1418/19) 1634: 1633:(1411/12–1415) 1629: 1624: 1623:(1399–1408/09) 1600: 1595: 1590: 1551: 1546: 1531: 1526: 1507: 1499: 1495: 1474: 1465:Sithu Thihapate 1463: 1442:Htaw Hmaing Gyi 1422: 1404: 1399: 1379: 1359: 1354: 1330: 1322: 1302: 1298: 1275: 1270: 1214: 1213:(by 1390–1413) 1191: 1186:Nandathingyan ( 1168:Thray Thinkhaya 1112: 1104: 1070: 1054: 1034: 1010:Irrawaddy delta 1005: 978: 948: 926: 900:Irrawaddy delta 895: 886: 853: 827: 814: 788: 756: 730:in 1405/06 and 707: 702: 682:Shin Zawtayanta 637: 631: 607: 602: 585: 529: 475: 377: 334:Burmese history 324:; also spelled 306: 305: 304: 291:Without proper 282: 278: 226: 222: 218: 214: 205:among others... 202: 201: 190: 186: 182: 178: 163: 155: 136: 127: 30: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 4815: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4686: 4684: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4657: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4626:Minye Kyawhtin 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4565: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4507:Sanda Thaditha 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4437:Sanda Wimala I 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4273: 4271: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4151: 4149: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4111: 4106: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4041: 4039: 4033:Kingdom of Ava 4029: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3989: 3987: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3924: 3922: 3916:Pinya Kingdoms 3908: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3798: 3796: 3786: 3785: 3771: 3770: 3763: 3756: 3748: 3740: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3706: 3703: 3690: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3679:Regnal titles 3676: 3675: 3652: 3649: 3644: 3643: 3627: 3616: 3611:Mani Yadanabon 3602: 3584: 3573: 3564: 3550: 3536: 3524: 3512: 3492: 3472: 3466: 3453: 3447: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3414: 3405: 3396: 3382: 3373: 3364: 3355: 3346: 3337: 3328: 3316: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3245: 3233: 3224: 3212: 3203: 3194: 3185: 3169: 3160: 3151: 3142: 3130: 3121: 3109: 3100: 3091: 3077: 3068: 3050: 3041: 3032: 3023: 3014: 3005: 2996: 2987: 2975: 2961: 2952: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2913: 2904: 2895: 2886: 2873: 2864: 2852: 2834: 2825: 2813: 2804: 2795: 2786: 2774: 2762: 2750: 2741: 2732: 2720: 2711: 2702: 2693: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2645: 2633: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2582: 2573: 2564: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2514: 2505: 2496: 2487: 2478: 2469: 2460: 2448: 2436: 2424: 2415: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2392:Yazawin Thit's 2388:Maha Yazawin's 2379: 2367: 2358: 2349: 2338: 2329: 2308: 2284: 2275: 2266: 2253: 2244: 2222: 2212: 2203: 2193: 2180: 2167: 2157:year of 762 . 2123: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2064: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2044: 2039: 2031: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2009: 2003: 2000:Mani Yadanabon 1995: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1973: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1948: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1925: 1917: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1885:Historiography 1878: 1877:Historiography 1875: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1838: 1836:Tarabya of Ava 1830: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1800:Minye Kyawhtin 1785: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1765: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1682: 1661: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1618: 1615: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1584: 1581: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1565: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1486: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1468: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1439: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1419:Tho Kyaung Bwa 1416: 1413: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1393: 1387: 1386: 1384: 1376: 1373: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1347: 1344: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1319: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1292: 1289: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1264: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1231: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1208: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1190:1401–1411/12) 1184: 1181: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1162: 1156: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1128: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1098: 1095: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1053: 1052:Administration 1050: 1033: 1030: 1004: 1001: 997:Minye Thihathu 988:Yongle Emperor 977: 974: 967:in which Gen. 947: 944: 925: 922: 894: 891: 885: 882: 852: 849: 826: 823: 813: 810: 808:Pegu in 1407. 787: 784: 755: 752: 706: 703: 701: 698: 664:, Pakhan Nge, 633:Main article: 630: 627: 606: 603: 601: 598: 584: 581: 577:Minye Kyawhtin 573:Minye Thihathu 528: 525: 474: 471: 401:Sagaing Region 376: 373: 301:Burmese script 295:, you may see 287:Burmese script 283: 276: 275: 274: 271: 270: 265: 261: 260: 255: 251: 250: 245: 241: 240: 235: 229: 228: 224:Minye Kyawhtin 209: 195: 194: 173: 169: 168: 149: 145: 144: 124: 120: 119: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 91: 87: 86: 82: 81: 76: 75:Chief Minister 72: 71: 66: 62: 61: 56: 52: 51: 44: 40: 39: 33: 32: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4814: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4523: 4522:Prome Kingdom 4519: 4513: 4512:Maha Thammada 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4497:Sanda Thumana 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4457:Naradipati II 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4397:Thiri Thuriya 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4240:Binnya Ran II 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4104:Thihathura II 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4080:Mohnyin Thado 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3897:Narathihapate 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3791: 3790:Pagan dynasty 3787: 3783: 3778: 3769: 3764: 3762: 3757: 3755: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3737:Nandathingyan 3727: 3722: 3718: 3715:Royal titles 3713: 3709: 3702:October 1421 3696: 3695: 3688: 3682: 3677: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3656: 3647: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3516:Harvey, G. E. 3513: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3467:9789812308566 3463: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3377: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3299: 3290: 3281: 3272: 3263: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3228: 3219: 3217: 3207: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3135: 3125: 3116: 3114: 3104: 3095: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3072: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3045: 3036: 3027: 3018: 3009: 3000: 2991: 2982: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2956: 2947: 2945: 2935: 2926: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2890: 2883: 2877: 2868: 2859: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2829: 2820: 2818: 2808: 2799: 2790: 2781: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2725: 2715: 2706: 2697: 2688: 2679: 2670: 2661: 2652: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2616: 2607: 2598: 2589: 2587: 2577: 2568: 2559: 2550: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2509: 2500: 2491: 2482: 2473: 2464: 2455: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2419: 2410: 2406: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2371: 2362: 2353: 2342: 2333: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2312: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2279: 2270: 2263: 2257: 2248: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2216: 2207: 2197: 2190: 2184: 2177: 2171: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2130: 2128: 2119: 2111: 2109: 2104: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2078:Inscriptions 2077: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2068:Tuesday born 2065: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2038:Tuesday born 2030: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2010: 2004: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1982: 1980:Tuesday born 1974: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1955:Tuesday born 1949: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1924:Tuesday born 1918: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1889: 1882: 1874: 1872: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1854:Junior queen 1853: 1851: 1850:Shin Myat Hla 1848: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1832:Junior queen 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788:Minye Kyawswa 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1705: 1702: 1683: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1646:Thinkhaya III 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1598: 1597:Minye Kyawswa 1593: 1588: 1587:Letya Pyanchi 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1529: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1502: 1501:Thihapate III 1490: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1402: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1325: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1170:(1386?–1427) 1169: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1077:Vassal state 1075: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1049: 1042: 1040: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1000: 998: 994: 989: 985: 984: 973: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 943: 934: 932: 924:Hsenwi (1412) 921: 919: 918: 911: 909: 905: 901: 890: 881: 873: 865: 863: 857: 848: 846: 845: 840: 836: 831: 818: 809: 805: 803: 798: 794: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 764:Minye Kyawswa 761: 754:Arakan (1406) 751: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 697: 695: 691: 685: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 653: 651: 641: 636: 626: 624: 620: 616: 612: 597: 595: 591: 580: 578: 574: 570: 566: 565:Minye Kyawswa 562: 558: 554: 550: 543: 542: 538: 533: 524: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 495: 490: 486: 484: 480: 470: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 443: 441: 437: 432: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 391: 390: 386: 381: 372: 370: 367: 363: 359: 358:Minye Kyawswa 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 322: 317:ပထမ မင်းခေါင် 314: 310: 302: 298: 294: 290: 288: 269: 266: 262: 259: 256: 252: 249: 246: 242: 239: 236: 234: 230: 225: 221: 217: 213: 212:Minye Kyawswa 210: 207: 206: 200: 196: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 174: 170: 166: 161: 150: 146: 143: 139: 135: 131: 125: 121: 117: 114:Nandathingyan 113: 109: 106: 103: 99: 92: 88: 83: 80: 77: 73: 70: 67: 63: 60: 57: 53: 45: 41: 38: 34: 31:ပထမ မင်းခေါင် 27: 19: 4601:Minye Deibba 4576:Tabinshwehti 4534:Thado Minsaw 4487:Sanda Parama 4467:Sanda Wizala 4447:Sanda Wizaya 4250:Smim Sawhtut 4225:Leik Munhtaw 4210:Binnya Ran I 4185:Binnya E Law 4128:Narapati III 4100:Minkhaung II 4059: 4045:Thado Minbya 4013:Anawrahta II 3932:Yazathingyan 3867:Naratheinkha 3725: 3720: 3692: 3673:October 1421 3667: 3660: 3653: 3650:Minkhaung I 3638: 3634: 3620: 3609: 3591: 3577: 3568: 3559:Yazawin Thit 3557: 3545:Maha Yazawin 3543: 3531: 3519: 3507: 3503: 3487: 3483: 3457: 3438: 3428:Bibliography 3417: 3408: 3399: 3376: 3367: 3358: 3349: 3340: 3331: 3298: 3289: 3280: 3271: 3262: 3227: 3206: 3197: 3188: 3163: 3154: 3145: 3124: 3103: 3094: 3071: 3044: 3035: 3026: 3017: 3008: 2999: 2994:Goh 2009: 24 2990: 2955: 2934: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2876: 2867: 2828: 2807: 2798: 2789: 2744: 2735: 2714: 2705: 2696: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2660: 2615: 2606: 2597: 2576: 2567: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2508: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2472: 2463: 2418: 2409: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2370: 2361: 2352: 2341: 2332: 2311: 2301: 2296: 2293:Yazawin Thit 2292: 2287: 2278: 2269: 2256: 2247: 2239: 2234: 2225: 2215: 2206: 2196: 2183: 2170: 2146: 2138: 2118:Maha Yazawin 2117: 2059: 2043:(49th year) 2028:Yazawin Thit 2026: 2013:(54th year) 1998: 1985:(50th year) 1970:Maha Yazawin 1968: 1942: 1932:1401 – 1423 1929:(54th year) 1911: 1894:Birth–Death 1868: 1859: 1840: 1828:Min Hla Myat 1818: 1780:Shin Mi-Nauk 1770: 1753: 1736: 1733:Chief queen 1700: 1671:(1408–1409) 1666:(1406–1408) 1648:(1420–1435) 1643:(1419–1420) 1636:Thinkhaya II 1604:(1413–1416) 1589:(1390–1413) 1570:(1390–1426) 1489:Thihapate II 1462:(1400–1413) 1444:(1405/06–?) 1383:(1410–1427) 1363:(1406–1425) 1306:(1408–1413) 1304:Yazathingyan 1279:(1413–1450) 1277:Yazathingyan 1274:(1408–1413) 1269:(1400–1407) 1218:(1413–1426) 1195:(1412–1426) 1055: 1043: 1035: 1018: 1006: 981: 979: 949: 935: 931:Pyin Oo Lwin 927: 915: 912: 896: 887: 874: 866: 858: 854: 842: 832: 828: 812:Middle reign 806: 789: 757: 748: 743: 736:Ming records 708: 694:Thupaba Dewi 686: 654: 646: 608: 586: 549:Shin Mi-Nauk 546: 539: 537:Anauk Mibaya 521: 498: 476: 463:Taungdwingyi 458: 444: 440:Thupaba Dewi 420: 397:Gazun-Nyeint 394: 387: 354:Pagan Empire 325: 308: 307: 284: 227:Saw Nant-Tha 203: 188:Shin Mi-Nauk 104: 50:October 1421 29:Minkhaung I 4797:1421 deaths 4792:1373 births 4787:Ava dynasty 4725:Tharrawaddy 4700:Hsinbyushin 4695:Naungdawgyi 4668:Binnya Dala 4596:Anaukpetlun 4287:Ba Saw Phyu 4220:Binnya Kyan 4215:Binnya Waru 4133:Narapati IV 4109:Narapati II 4060:Minkhaung I 4003:Anawrahta I 3694:King of Ava 3655:Ava Kingdom 2231:Binnya Dala 2047:in or after 1669:Thray Sithu 1631:Thinkhaya I 1508: 1401 1496: 1401 1424:Le Than Bwa 1331: 1450 1324:Baya Gamani 1299: 1380 1137:1386–1426) 1131:Thray Sithu 1113: 1433 1022:Dala–Twante 957:Dala–Twante 802:Saw Min Hla 772:Min Saw Mon 716:Shan states 600:Early reign 459:Thinga-Yaza 369:Shan states 142:Ava Kingdom 138:Gazun Neint 101:Predecessor 55:Predecessor 37:King of Ava 23:King of Ava 4781:Categories 4690:Alaungpaya 4581:Bayinnaung 4571:Mingyi Nyo 4539:Bayin Htwe 4477:Nara Apaya 4462:Narapawara 4432:Naradipati 4427:Kalamandat 4307:Salingathu 4297:Ba Saw Nyo 4235:Dhammazedi 4230:Shin Sawbu 4095:Thihathura 4090:Narapati I 4050:Swa Saw Ke 4018:Tarabya II 3961:Kyawswa II 3928:Athinkhaya 3877:Htilominlo 3852:Kyansittha 3554:Maha Sithu 2402:References 2262:Smin Bayan 1906:Reference 1809:Shin Bo-Me 1723:Reference 1614:(Taungoo) 1434:Nyaungshwe 1415:Northeast 1251:Thinkhaya 1226:Paukmyaing 1032:Late reign 983:Ming Shilu 839:Chiang Mai 740:Ming court 728:Nyaungshwe 405:Swa Saw Ke 375:Early life 350:Swa Saw Ke 248:Swa Saw Ke 192:Shin Bo-Me 130:Thadingyut 105:new office 4761:(1527–55) 4715:Bodawpaya 4682:1752–1885 4655:1740–1757 4631:Sanay Min 4591:Nyaungyan 4563:1510–1752 4549:Minkhaung 4526:1482–1542 4422:Mayuppiya 4332:Minkhaung 4269:1429–1785 4255:Smim Htaw 4245:Takayutpi 4200:Razadarit 4195:Maha Dewi 4123:Hkonmaing 4118:Thohanbwa 4037:1364–1555 3998:Tarabya I 3985:1315–1364 3956:Kyawswa I 3920:1297–1364 3912:Myinsaing 3842:Anawrahta 3721:New title 3608:(2009) . 3590:(2003) . 3542:(2006) . 2321:Saw Khway 1746:Saw Khway 1664:Anawrahta 1518:Nyaungyan 1481:Taungdwin 1467:(1413–?) 1356:Anawrahta 1301:–1400s?) 1236:(1400−?) 1211:Tarabya I 1123:Myinsaing 1106:Tarabya I 1101:Uzana III 904:Myaungmya 862:Lagun Ein 776:Anawrahta 768:Launggyet 700:Expansion 583:Accession 513:Razadarit 338:Razadarit 180:Saw Khway 111:Successor 65:Successor 4720:Bagyidaw 4710:Phaungka 4621:Narawara 4544:Narapati 4482:Thirithu 4417:Nawrahta 4382:Narapati 4367:Khamaung 4357:Phalaung 4317:Gazapati 4302:Ran Aung 4190:Binnya U 4175:Zein Pun 4170:Saw Zein 4160:Hkun Law 4065:Thihathu 3971:Uzana II 3941:Thihathu 3936:Thihathu 3872:Sithu II 3817:Theinhko 3794:849–1297 3708:Thihathu 3631:Than Tun 3530:(1967). 3518:(1925). 3437:(2017). 2325:Min Pyan 2159:Than Tun 1834:wife of 1796:Thihathu 1763:Min Pyan 1641:Pantaung 1621:Min Nemi 1602:Thihathu 1568:Nawrahta 1452:Yamethin 1343:(Kalay) 1272:Thihathu 1267:Theiddat 1145:Mekkhaya 1094:(Bagan) 1058:Min Yaza 1014:Martaban 615:Pauk Hla 611:Min Yaza 561:Min Yaza 527:Marriage 436:Theiddat 413:Saw Beza 326:Mingaung 264:Religion 258:Saw Beza 220:Thihathu 184:Min Pyan 176:Shin Saw 79:Min Yaza 69:Thihathu 4611:Pindale 4472:Madarit 4362:Razagyi 4347:Saw Hla 4337:Min Bin 4327:Thazata 4277:Saw Mon 4070:Min Hla 4055:Tarabya 3993:Saw Yun 3966:Narathu 3946:Uzana I 3902:Kyawswa 3862:Narathu 3857:Sithu I 3837:Sokkate 3802:Pyinbya 3687:Tarabya 3540:Kala, U 2240:Hmannan 2153:in the 2147:tha-tin 1891:Source 1771:unknown 1754:unknown 1737:unknown 1679:Sokkate 1612:Toungoo 1599:(1413) 1594:(1413) 1592:Sokkate 1580:(Pyay) 1510:–1441) 1470:Son of 1411:Onbaung 1371:Mohnyin 1361:Min Nyo 1358:(1406) 1321:Letwe? 1259:Sagaing 1080:Region 1039:Toungoo 953:Byat Za 908:Bassein 797:Manipur 793:Min Nyo 732:Mohnyin 724:Onbaung 712:Salween 690:Bassein 678:Tagaung 674:Sagaing 619:Tabayin 555:, in a 553:Mohnyin 517:Pankyaw 451:Tarabya 426:မင်းဆွေ 421:Min Swe 417:Mohnyin 385:Mintara 366:Salween 344:in the 313:Burmese 172:Consort 59:Tarabya 4740:Thibaw 4735:Mindon 4606:Thalun 4352:Sekkya 4342:Dikkha 4292:Dawlya 4155:Wareru 4114:Sawlon 4008:Kyaswa 3887:Kyaswa 3847:Saw Lu 3807:Tannet 3666: 3464: 3445: 1900:Reign 1720:Issue 1714:Queen 1697:Family 1617:South 1583:South 1395:North 1375:North 1353:1406) 1346:North 1318:North 1291:North 1287:Amyint 1263:North 1203:Pakhan 1179:Pyinzi 1108:(1413– 1086:Notes 986:, the 965:Hmawbi 770:, and 760:Arakan 744:sawbwa 479:Pyinzi 254:Mother 244:Father 162:783 ME 4730:Pagan 4705:Singu 4586:Nanda 4492:Apaya 4387:Thado 4377:Sanay 4322:Saw O 4282:Khayi 4180:Saw E 4165:Saw O 3951:Sithu 3892:Uzana 3832:Kyiso 3668:Died: 3661:Born: 3641:(II). 3500:(PDF) 3480:(PDF) 2882:Nadaw 2189:Nadaw 2163:Nadaw 2151:Nadaw 2099:Notes 1717:Rank 1660:West 1578:Prome 1560:Salin 1460:Sithu 1438:East 1391:Myedu 1381:Thado 1314:Singu 1248:Core 1234:Sithu 1230:Core 1207:Core 1183:Core 1164:Core 1160:Pinle 1149:Core 1127:Core 1097:Core 1092:Pagan 961:Dagon 780:Kalay 670:Pagan 666:Salay 662:Salin 650:Prome 467:Minbu 455:Pinle 233:House 199:Issue 160:Nadaw 90:Reign 43:Reign 4312:Raza 4116:and 4102:and 3934:and 3914:and 3812:Sale 3639:XLII 3510:(2). 3490:(1). 3484:SBBR 3462:ISBN 3443:ISBN 2323:and 2295:and 2176:Ming 2071:21 1961:22 1897:Age 1860:none 1841:none 1819:none 1564:Mid 1542:Mid 1538:Sagu 1522:Mid 1485:Mid 1456:Mid 1341:Kale 1244:Wadi 959:and 906:and 658:Sagu 575:and 507:and 438:and 148:Died 132:735 123:Born 4616:Pye 2052:21 2041:48 2019:22 2011:53 1991:21 1983:49 1935:22 1927:53 993:Maw 778:of 541:nat 447:Ava 409:Ava 407:of 389:nat 340:of 330:Ava 238:Ava 165:Ava 4783:: 3930:, 3730:c. 3700:c. 3671:c. 3637:. 3506:. 3502:. 3486:. 3482:. 3385:^ 3319:^ 3307:^ 3248:^ 3236:^ 3215:^ 3172:^ 3133:^ 3112:^ 3080:^ 3053:^ 2978:^ 2964:^ 2943:^ 2855:^ 2837:^ 2816:^ 2777:^ 2765:^ 2753:^ 2723:^ 2648:^ 2636:^ 2624:^ 2585:^ 2517:^ 2451:^ 2439:^ 2427:^ 2126:^ 2107:^ 2084:? 2034:c. 2006:c. 1976:c. 1951:c. 1920:c. 1873:. 1505:c. 1498:) 1493:c. 1351:c. 1333:) 1328:c. 1296:c. 1188:c. 1152:? 1135:c. 1115:) 1110:c. 1046:c. 939:c. 877:c. 869:c. 714:) 668:, 660:, 579:. 571:, 567:, 485:. 465:, 442:. 315:: 157:c. 152:c. 140:, 134:ME 94:c. 48:c. 3767:e 3760:t 3753:v 3600:. 3508:4 3488:4 3470:. 3451:. 1503:( 1133:( 423:( 311:( 303:. 289:. 20:.

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