130:
174:, which had to be received before minor orders, before beginning the regular course of theological studies. Before the entry into force of that Code, it was an almost universal custom to confer all four minor orders at one time, since the bishop was authorized to dispense from the rule that each order had to be exercised for some time before reception of the next highest order. Today, as indicated in the 1983 Code of Canon Law, anyone who is to be ordained to the diaconate must already have received the ministries of lector and acolyte and exercised them for a suitable period, with an interval of at least six months between becoming an acolyte and becoming a deacon.
186:, who received minor orders alone. They could even marry and remain clerics, the status of belonging to the clergy being at that time conferred through clerical tonsure, provided that they married only once and that to a virgin; but by the early 20th century a cleric who married was considered to have forfeited his clerical status. Today, a man who receives what were previously called minor orders is not yet a cleric, since today one becomes a cleric only upon ordination to the diaconate, a rule that applies even to members of institutes authorized to observe the 1962 form of the Roman Rite, such as the
283:
887:
875:
159:(343) mentions the lectorate alone as obligatory before ordination to the diaconate. The obligation to receive all four minor orders appears to date only from a time when they ceased to indicate exercise of an actual function. Even in the early years of the 20th century, no minimum age, other than that of
253:
are free to use the term "subdeacon" in place of that of "acolyte". The motu proprio specified the functions of each of these two ministries, A prescribed interval, as decided by the Holy See and the national episcopal conference, is to be observed between receiving them. Candidates for diaconate and
290:
Eastern
Christianity traditionally views the subdeacon as a minor order, unlike the practice of the West which considered it a major order. The other common minor order is reader (lector). The minor order of porter is mentioned historically in some service-books, but no longer is given; all of the
335:
Eastern
Orthodox Churches routinely confer the minor orders of reader and subdeacon, and some jurisdictions also ordain cantors. Ordination to minor orders is performed outside the sanctuary and at any communal worship service, but always outside the context of actual Divine Liturgy. The order of
273:
In the Latin Church, the lay ministries of acolyte and lector, may be entrusted to all suitable faithful, whether male or female, per CIC Canon 230 §2. Additionally there is established the instituted ministry of the
Catechist, whether male or female.
269:
or, in the case of clerical religious institutes and societies of apostolic life, a major superior. The two ministries that are in use throughout the Latin Church could be conferred even on persons who are not candidates for holy orders.
152:(tomb diggers). The evidence for readers is probably the earliest. In the West, unlike the East, where imposition of hands was used, the rite of ordination was by the handing over to them of objects seen as instruments of the office.
177:
The 1917 Code of Canon Law also restricted conferral of tonsure and any order below that of the presbyterate to those who intended to become priests and who were judged likely to be worthy priests. Previously, there were
303:
in union with Rome have their traditional minor orders, governed by their own particular law. In all
Eastern Catholic Churches, subdeacons are minor clerics, since admission to major orders is by ordination as
613:"Ministeria quaedam - Disciplina circa Primam Tonsuram, Ordines Minores et Subdiaconatus in Ecclesia Latina innovatur, Litterae Apostolicae Motu Proprio datae, Die 15 m. Augusti a. 1972, Paulus PP.VI"
225:
recognized as orders only episcopacy, priesthood (presbyterate) and diaconate, the three whose transmission is reserved to bishops. In speaking of the hierarchical structure of the Church, the
197:
In the early 20th century, Auguste
Boudinhon said that, on the grounds that minor orders did not originate with Jesus or the apostles, the view that minor orders and the subdiaconate were
245:
of 15 August 1972, the term "minor orders" has been replaced by that of "ministries". Two of what were called minor orders, those of reader and acolyte, are kept throughout the
534:
734:
720:
401:
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562:
218:
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The rites by which all four minor orders were conferred, but not the actual conferral of the order, are still employed for members of some
Catholic
129:
336:
taper-bearer is now used as part of ordination as a lector. The orders of doorkeepers, exorcists, and acolytes are no longer in common use.
266:
827:
205:
theologians, was no longer held. The slightly earlier G. van Noort said that the view of their sacramentality, which was held by most
286:
Orthodox layman, wearing a cassock, is tonsured in preparation for being ordained to the minor orders of candle-bearer and reader.
148:
of the existence of what became the four minor orders (acolytes, exorcists, doorkeepers, and readers), as well as of cantors and
79:
re-titled the minor orders as "ministries", with those of lector and acolyte being kept throughout the Latin Church. In the
312:
Byzantine
Catholic Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh, also called the Byzantine-Ruthenian Church, has the minor orders of
855:
191:
187:
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114:
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790:
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for the priesthood must receive both ministries and exercise them for some time before receiving holy orders.
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rights and responsibilities of each minor order are viewed as contained in the subdiaconate.
137:
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8:
891:
194:, regarding, however, only the incardination of members within the institute or society.
91:
72:
429:, II: "The orders hitherto called minor are henceforth to be spoken of as 'ministries'."
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879:
156:
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The Minor Clergy of the
Orthodox Church. Their role and life according to the canons.
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308:. The Byzantine tradition allows for several orders of minor clerics. The
282:
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183:
402:"1829 catechism council trent "greater or holy orders" - Google Search"
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mentioned only these three orders, not minor orders or subdiaconate.
56:
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83:, the three minor orders in use are those of subdeacon, reader and
76:
64:
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60:
328:. The minor orders of candle bearer and cantor are given before
305:
168:
52:
48:
163:, was laid down for receiving minor orders. However, the 1917
791:
Particular Law for the
Byzantine-Ruthenian Church in the USA
553:(Paul Brand, Bussum, Netherlands 1930), vol. II, pp. 145–146
144:
From the beginning of the 3rd century, there is evidence in
749:
101 Questions & Answers on
Eastern Catholic Churches
535:
Instruction on the Application of the Apostolic Letter
213:, was then held only by a few, among whom he mentioned
320:, lector and subdeacon, and in English uses the term "
257:
Conferral of the minor orders or ministries is by the
863:
390:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
75:(in descending order of seniority). In 1972, the
899:
850:, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform,
385:
383:
819:The Sacramental Life of the Orthodox Church
569:(fifth edition, Marietti 1955), pp. 461–463
134:Confirmation and Conferring of Minor Orders
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549:G. van Noort (revised by J. P. Verhaar),
281:
128:
277:
900:
845:
793:(29 June 1999). Retrieved 2008-11-11.
751:. New York: Paulist Press, 2007, p. 51
267:equivalent in law to a diocesan bishop
167:laid down that nobody was to be given
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364:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Minor Orders"
812:
358:
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332:during ordination to the lectorate.
109:continue to use minor orders, as do
39:formerly distinguished between the
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192:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
188:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter
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190:and others under the care of the
182:and others, including the famous
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512:"Code of Canon Law - IntraText"
488:"CIC 1917: text - IntraText CT"
464:"Code of Canon Law - IntraText"
440:"CIC 1917: text - IntraText CT"
115:Polish National Catholic Church
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1:
781:, 1992. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
765:, 1992. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
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221:(1854–1932). In the 1950s,
100:1962 form of the Roman Rite
96:societies of apostolic life
10:
934:
578:Piolanti 1955, pp. 463–468
98:authorized to observe the
775:CCEO, Title 12, Canon 560
301:Eastern Catholic Churches
201:, a view held by several
805:(October–November 1998)
762:CCEO, Title X, Canon 327
551:Tractatus de sacramentis
107:traditionalist Catholics
807:eparchy-of-van-nuys.org
209:theologians, including
119:Liberal Catholic Church
81:Eastern Orthodox Church
59:—and four minor orders—
735:"Antiquum Ministerium"
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227:Second Vatican Council
141:
913:Christian terminology
285:
251:episcopal conferences
138:Rogier van der Weyden
132:
803:Eparchial Newsletter
278:Eastern Christianity
261:: either a diocesan
146:Western Christianity
92:religious institutes
35:, the predominating
809:Accessed 2007-11-28
537:Summorum Pontificum
161:the "age of reason"
125:Western Catholicism
830:2005-02-05 at the
708:Ministeria quaedam
696:Ministeria quaedam
684:Ministeria quaedam
672:Ministeria quaedam
660:Ministeria quaedam
648:Ministeria quaedam
636:Ministeria quaedam
426:Ministeria quaedam
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265:or someone who is
243:Ministeria quaedam
157:Council of Sardica
142:
821:, Calivas (2005)
721:"Spiritus Domini"
563:Antonius Piolanti
492:www.intratext.com
444:www.intratext.com
368:www.newadvent.org
219:Adolphe Tanquerey
165:Code of Canon Law
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340:References
322:ordination
207:scholastic
779:Canon 565
310:sui iuris
297:sui iuris
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259:ordinary
203:medieval
169:clerical
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650:, IV–VI
330:tonsure
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306:deacon
263:bishop
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