1386:
261:. His latter views polarised his audiences, driving some away, and attracting some more closely instead. His ascetic lifestyle, however, very effectively protected him against personal attacks by his detractors. His emphasis permanently revolved around a national government, respect for the rule of law, equality before law, and the indiscriminate application of justice in the society.
343:) and Shaikh Mohammad Vā'ez began their most vociferous attacks on the establishment. This led to Sayyed Jamal ad-Din Esfahani being ordered to leave Tehran, an act that led to strong protests by the public. In the course of ousting Sayyed Jamal ad-Din Esfahani from Tehran was shot dead by an officer, an event that led to a large mass of clergy leaving Tehran in protest and taking
631:) had been in the making for months in advance. There are eye-witness reports indicating how months in advance of the event, the British middlemen had been purchasing large quantities of rice and other foodstuff in various food markets in and around Tehran and transported these at night-times into the complex housing the British Legation in Tehran.
483:(مدرسه اسلامیه) in Tehran where modern teaching methods were used. He appointed his brother, Assad'o'llah Tabātabā'i, as the Head of this school. During a celebration, on 28 October 1905, Sayyed Mohammad Tabātabā'i delivered a speech to the school in which he expanded on the necessity of learning and establishment of modern schools in Iran.
53:
362:
in Tehran, bringing the commerce in Tehran to virtual standstill. In passing, it should be remarked that the orthodox historical view in the present-day Iran is that the role of the
British at this juncture in the history of Iran was by no means a benevolent one, but calculated, the calculation being
418:
for enquiry. He left the Palace with the draft of these regulations in his hands. After some changes in this draft, it was finally ratified by
Mozaffar al-Din Shah. Copies of this were subsequently dispatched to all cities in Iran. This event was celebrated on Monday 10 September 1906 by ornamenting
252:
and completed his studies with him. Following the death of his father, he took his entire family to
Samarra and for some ten years advised Ayatollah Shirāzi on political matters. On the recommendation of Ayatollah Shirāzi, he finally returned to Tehran. Due to his independent mind, in Tehran he kept
462:
According to Keddie, Sayyed
Mohammad Tabātabā'i "appears to have had genuinely liberal proclivities and considerable contact with other liberals, believed that a constitution would be the best way to limit the power of uncontrolled autocrats who were selling Iran to the Western powers."
314:(عدالتخانه - House of Justice), of which the specifics were left unspecified. According to Keddie, this lack of detail may have been intended for preserving unity amongst the more radical modernizers and the traditional Ulema. Mozaffar ad-Din Shah accepted the demand for setting up an
470:
s, the poor be given cash. In making this suggestion, he was also aiming at improving the state of public health, as he believed that not in all large gatherings the tea was being served in hygienically clean utensils, thus spreading transferable diseases amongst the population.
407:, drafted in 1907, was signed by the new Shah, Mohammad-Ali Shah, in October 1907 (Mozaffar al-Din Shah died on 3 January 1907). These two charters formed the core of the Iranian written Constitution, to be supplanted by a new written Constitution after the Revolution of 1979.
224:
from Mirzā Abol-Hasan Jelveh. For a period of time he was also a pupil of
Sahaikh Hadi Najmābādi. The latter has been the spiritual father of a number of individuals who later played significant roles in bringing about the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, such as
253:
away from state officials and individuals in positions of power. In his public speeches, he emphasized on the merits of freedom and incessantly stirred up the sense of loving freedom amongst his audiences. In this, he went so far as to suggesting
391:(مشروطه), signifying a new political system, was floated around this time. At the end of July 1906, Mozaffar al-Din Shah dismissed his unpopular Chief Minister Ain od-Dowleh, and in early August 1906 he accepted the proposed institution of
309:
of Tehran retired to Shah-Abdol-Azim shrine and formulated a set of demands to be presented to
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah. The single most important demand to be made at this juncture from Shah turned out to be the demand for establishing an
382:
During this time
Iranians began to increase their demands, demanding not only the dismissal of Shah's Chief Minister, Ain od-Dowleh, but also establishment of a national consultative assembly, what came to be known as, and become,
273:
of some sugar merchants in Tehran in
December 1905, by the then Governor of Tehran, Ahmad Alā od-Dowleh, for disobeying the government order to lower the price of sugar. Following this event, a large number of people from
626:
of between some 12,000 to 14,000 men in the
British Legation in Tehran seems to have been spontaneous, preparations for hosting such large numbers (providing for both meals and sanitation of the individuals taking the
687:
is a form of state government according to which introduction and elimination of laws are the sole prerogatives of
Parliament, or Houses of Parliament. In this connection, Sheikh Fazlollah Noori insisted on a
220:. The family moved to Hamedan when he was two years old, and to Tehran, when he was eight. He received education in the sciences, (Arabic) literature, Islamic jurisprudence and doctrines from his father, and
644:, p. 180, "The third main leader of the Tehran ulema, Shaikh Fazlollah Nuri , did turn against the movement once it became clear that the constitution was not going to reinstate the
1368:
177:
who played an important role in the establishment of democracy and rule of law in Iran. He was the son of Sayyed Sādegh Tabātabā'i, one of the influential Scholar during the reign of
922:
466:
With the sudden rise in the price of sugar in 1905 (see above), Sayyed Mohammad Tabātabā'i proposed that instead of serving tea at religious gatherings, such as at
1418:
363:
aimed at marginalising the religious elements of the revolutionary movement. It is well known that it was for exactly the lack of clarity as regards the role of
414:
were originally drafted by Mozaffar al-Din Shah. His delay in making this document available led Mirzā Sayyed Mohammad Tabātabā'i to visiting him personally at
1109:
915:
318:
and for good measure also dismissed the unpopular Governor of Tehran. Following this, the Ulema ceased their protest and returned to Tehran. The
733:
1433:
1259:
589:, one of the oldest theatre halls in Iran, which is still in use, is located in this neighbourhood. For further information, consult the entry
783:
335:, but violence against people continued unabated, both in Tehran and in other provinces of Iran. At this stage popular preachers such as
1389:
908:
331:
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah and his Chief Minister, Ain od-Dowleh, reneged however on their promises. Not only did they not establish an
499:(تاریخ مشروطهٔ ایران) (History of the Constitutional Revolution of Iran), in Persian, 951 p. (Negāh Publications, Tehran, 2003),
249:
1089:
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came into being in October 1906, immediately after the Deputies of Tehran were elected. A committee of experts drafted the
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The Strengths and Weaknesses of Iran’s Populist Alliance: A Class Analysis of the Constitutional Revolution of 1905 - 1911
988:
1428:
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622:, in Persian, by Dr Farzad Jahān'bin, is worth considering. The idea being advanced is that whereas the taking of
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since 1979) in Tehran. They were forcibly removed from this place by the agents of the then Chief Minister of
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in July 1906. This move was followed by between 12,000 and 14,000 merchants and tradesmen taking
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of 1979, the status of Sheikh Fazlollah Noori as a revolutionary has been fully restored.
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in a post-revolution era that such Constitutional Revolutionary of the first hour as
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The spark leading to the Constitutional Revolution of Iran is by some held to be the
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403:, which Mozaffar al-Din Shah signed, after some delay, in December 1906. A longer
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Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905–1909
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181:. His paternal grandfather, Sayyed Mehdi Tabātabā'i, was a reputed clergy in
29:
581:(سَنگِلَج) is one of the neighbourhoods of the Old Tehran, not far from the
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173:,; 22 December 1842 – 28 January 1920) was one of the leaders of the
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Russian Empire involvement in the Persian Constitutional Revolution
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679:), was insinuated and popularised by the British. According to
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26:
868:. Studies in Middle Eastern History. Oxford University Press.
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615:
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241:
129:
507:. This book is also available in two volumes, published by
240:, however as a result of his late arrival, he undertook an
237:
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197:
849:(updated ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
734:"Sayyed Abdollah Behbahāni and Sayyed Mohammad Tabātabā'i"
648:, but bring in many Western-style institutions and laws."
348:
185:. He is the father of Sayyed Sādegh Tabātabā'i editor of
692:
form of government, according to which the sole role of
454:
were deputised by Ayatollah Sayyed Abdollah Behbahāni.
278:, together with some clergy, took sanctuary (known as
216:
Mirzā Sayyed Mohammad Tabātabā'i was born in Karbala,
930:
891:
Iranian Institute for Contemporary Historical Studies
660:
Iranian Institute for Contemporary Historical Studies
657:
The orthodox viewpoint in contemporary Iran (consult
611:
Iranian Institute for Contemporary Historical Studies
474:
422:
Tabatabai died in Tehran in 1920, at the age of 77.
419:the streets of Tehran with decorative light bulbs.
322:was to be the genesis of what later became Iran's
169:: آیت الله میرزا سید محمد طباطبائی, also known as
1400:
442:, Sayyed Mohammad Tabātabā'i deputised also the
410:The rules governing the election of Deputies of
1419:People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution
430:Of the religious minority groups in Iran, only
683:(3rd edition, Tehran University Press, 2006),
916:
843:Modern Iran - Roots and Results of Revolution
248:, Iraq, where he became a pupil of Ayatollah
375:and became an anti-revolutionary. After the
264:
41:
762:
760:
758:
526:, No. 6, pp. 795–823 (December 1991).
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515:1961 edition is in one volume, 934 pages.
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438:. During the legislative period of this
236:In 1881 he left Iran for the purpose of
479:Sayyed Mohammad Tabātabā'i founded the
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618:) should be consulted. In particular,
1434:Moderate Socialists Party politicians
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250:Mirzā Mohammad Hasan Hosseini Shirāzi
457:
42:
13:
989:Malek Mansur Mirza Shoa O-Saltaneh
486:
475:School and modern teaching methods
434:had a Zoroastrian Deputy in First
16:Iraqi Shi'a theologian (1842–1920)
14:
1445:
1090:Mirza Abdul'Rahim Talibov Tabrizi
932:Persian Constitutional Revolution
884:
696:would be the safeguarding of the
231:Mirza Jahangir Khan Sur-e Esrafil
175:Iranian Constitutional Revolution
1385:
1384:
244:Hajj, after which he settled in
1125:Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
895:مؤسسۀ مطالعات تاریخ معاصر ایران
833:
818:
651:
616:مؤسسۀ مطالعات تاریخ معاصر ایران
196:He is entombed inside a family
1035:Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh
790:
772:
744:
634:
602:
572:
339:(father of the Iranian writer
1:
1268:Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh
1055:Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni
707:
677:based on religious traditions
555:Iran-United Kingdom relations
405:Supplementary Fundamental Law
1333:Russian occupation of Tabriz
1313:Persian Constitution of 1906
984:Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan
736:(in Persian). Archived from
425:
337:Sayyed Jamal ad-Din Esfahani
211:
139:Sadiq al-Tabatabaei (father)
7:
1200:Jahangir-Khan Sur-e-Esrafil
667:(مشروطه), in opposition to
533:
522:, Theory and Society, Vol.
257:as a viable alternative to
10:
1450:
1115:Haji-Mirza Hassan Roshdieh
1080:Morteza Gholi Khan Hedayat
1045:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma
1009:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma
953:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar
497:Tārikh-e Mashruteh-ye Iran
450:. During this period, the
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1346:
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1235:Jamshid Bahman Jamshidian
1027:
971:
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841:Keddie, Nikki R. (2003).
608:The Officiate Website of
371:came to take the side of
265:Constitutional Revolution
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59:
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21:
1429:20th-century revolutions
1364:Jungle Movement of Gilan
1359:1921 Persian coup d'état
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540:Muhammad Kazim Khurasani
452:Iranian Jewish community
1273:Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi
1250:Edward Granville Browne
1190:Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
1175:Mahammad Amin Rasulzade
1120:Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
1065:Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari
958:Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar
509:Amir Kabir Publications
341:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
179:Naser ad-Din Shah Qajar
43:الميرزا محمد الطباطبائي
1240:William Morgan Shuster
1140:Mirza Abutaleb Zanjani
999:Sheikh Fazlollah Noori
864:Bayat, Mangol (1991).
369:Sheikh Fazlollah Noori
202:Shah-Abdol-Azim shrine
120:Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine
34:Muhammad al-Tabatabaei
1374:Iranian Enlightenment
1283:Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari
1225:Haydar Khan Amo-oghli
1195:Mirza Fatali Akhundov
785:Encyclopaedia Iranica
597:The Persian Knowledge
583:Grand Bazar of Tehran
560:Iran-Russia relations
545:Mirza Ali Aqa Tabrizi
416:Sāheb'qrāniyeh Palace
1170:Mohammad Ali Tarbiat
1004:Mirza Nasrullah Khan
845:. with a section by
740:on 18 February 2010.
303:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
171:Mohammad Sang-e-laji
1424:People from Karbala
1278:Sediqeh Dowlatabadi
1185:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
1165:Mirza Alakbar Sabir
1060:Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
681:Dehkhoda Dictionary
671:(مشروعه) (meaning,
663:) is that the word
1328:Majlis Bombardment
1245:Howard Baskerville
1230:Mirza Reza Kermani
1150:Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda
1085:Mehdi Qoli Hedayat
1028:Constitutionalists
587:Sang-e-laj Theatre
444:Iranian Christians
377:Iranian Revolution
227:Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda
187:Ruznāmeh-ye Majles
163:Mohammad Tabatabai
1396:
1395:
1338:Triumph of Tehran
1296:
1295:
1155:Rais al-Mojahedin
1135:Mohammad Khiabani
1095:Mirza Malkam Khan
979:Abdol Majid Mirza
799:, pp. 66, 67
673:based on religion
458:As private person
373:Mohammad-Ali Shah
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75:December 22, 1842
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1323:the First Majlis
1301:Important events
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640:According to
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320:Edālat'khāneh
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316:Edālat'khāneh
313:
312:Edālat'khāneh
308:
304:
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297:Imam Khomeini
293:
292:Masjed-e Shah
289:
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287:Shah's Mosque
283:
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271:foot whipping
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255:republicanism
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1288:Zainab Pasha
1180:Aref Qazvini
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847:Yann Richard
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834:Bibliography
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778:J. Calmard,
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769:, p. 67
751:Bayat (1991)
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738:the original
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432:Zoroastrians
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395:. The first
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99:(1920-01-28)
1414:1920 deaths
1409:1842 births
1220:Nikol Duman
1210:Sattar Khan
1075:Yeprem Khan
939:Key figures
193:newspaper.
1403:Categories
1215:Bāqer Khān
1145:Iraj Mirza
708:References
690:Mashrou'eh
685:Mashrouteh
669:Mashrou'eh
665:Mashrouteh
592:Sang-e-laj
579:Sang-e-laj
389:Mashrouteh
259:monarchism
222:philosophy
151:Shia Islam
71:1842-12-22
511:in 1984.
426:As deputy
212:Biography
1390:Category
1347:See also
946:Monarchs
534:See also
360:Legation
294:–
126:Religion
60:Personal
698:Islamic
357:British
355:in the
246:Samarra
183:Hamedan
167:Persian
148:Twelver
105:Karbala
79:Karbala
872:
853:
694:Majles
646:sharia
585:. The
503:
448:Majles
440:Majles
436:Majles
412:Majles
397:Majles
393:Majles
385:Majles
325:Majles
299:Mosque
276:Bazaar
191:Majles
189:, the
161:Seyyed
159:Mirza
136:Parent
27:Sayyid
1260:Women
700:laws.
566:Notes
528:JSTOR
365:Islam
307:Ulema
284:) in
242:Umrah
130:Islam
30:Mirza
870:ISBN
851:ISBN
780:Bast
629:Bast
624:Bast
501:ISBN
353:Bast
345:Bast
281:Bast
238:Hajj
229:and
218:Iraq
198:tomb
94:Died
65:Born
675:or
595:in
446:in
349:Qom
347:in
206:Rey
204:in
200:in
1405::
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