689:
485:
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619:
410:
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521:
198:
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267:). In addition to the three previously mentioned siting reasons, the US Air Force had other site requirements that were also taken into account such as, having the sites be close enough to a populace of roughly 50,000 people for community support along with making sure launch locations were far enough apart that a 10 MT detonation on or near strategic locations would not knock out other launch facilities in the area. "In 1960 the US Army established the Corps of Engineers Ballistic Missile Construction Office (CEBMCO), an independent organization under the
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together in a line. The idea was that to disable the Dense Pack, the enemy would have to launch many missiles, and the missiles would arrive at different times. The missiles arriving later would have to pass through the debris cloud of the first missile's explosion, damaging the follow-up missiles and limiting their effectiveness. The proposed Dense Pack initiative met with strong criticism in the media and in the government, and the idea was never implemented.
3665:
176:. The facility was designed with an immense concrete dome to store a large stockpile of V-2s, warheads and fuel, and was intended to launch V-2s on an industrial scale. Dozens of missiles a day were to be fuelled, prepared and rolled just outdoors of the facility's concrete casing, launched from either of two outdoor launch pads in rapid sequence against London and southern England. A similar-purpose but less-developed facility, the
415:
414:
411:
416:
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688:
274:
The United States built many missile silos in the
Midwest, away from populated areas. Many were built in Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota. The U.S. spent considerable effort and funds in the 1970s and 1980s designing a replacement, but none of the new and complex system designs were
465:
ICBMs, developed under the Reagan administration, for the purpose of maximizing their survivability in case of a surprise nuclear first-strike on their silos conducted by a hostile foreign power. According to the Dense Pack strategy, a series of ten to twelve hardened silos would be grouped closely
439:
ICBM configurations consist of one LCC that controls ten LFs (1 × 10). Five LCCs and their fifty associated LFs make up a squadron. Three squadrons make up a wing. Measures were taken such that if any one LCC was disabled, a separate LCC within the squadron would take control of its ten ICBMs.
333:
The third version were stored horizontally, but better protected in a concrete building known as a "coffin", then raised to the vertical shortly before launch. These rather poorly protected designs were a consequence of the cryogenic liquid fuels used, which required the missiles to be stored
564:
484:
380:(LCC) with one LF configuration (1 × 1). Titan missiles (both I and II) were located near their command and control operations personnel. Access to the missile was through tunnels connecting the launch control center and launch facility. An example of this can be seen at the
262:
on either seaboard, giving the silos more warning time in the event of a nuclear war; and locating obvious targets as far away as possible from major population centres. They had many defense systems to keep out intruders and other defense systems to prevent destruction (see
126:, which could be stored in the missiles, allowing for rapid launches. Both countries' liquid-fueled missile systems were moved into underground silos. The introduction of solid fuel systems, in the later 1960s, made the silo moving and launching even easier.
412:
282:
Today they are still used, although many have been decommissioned and hazardous materials removed. The increase of decommissioned missile silos has led governments to sell some of them to private individuals. Some buyers convert them into unique
443:
The LGM-30 LFs and LCCs are separated by several miles, connected only electronically. This distance ensures that a nuclear attack could only disable a very small number of ICBMs, leaving the rest capable of being launched immediately.
278:
The United States has many silo-based warheads in service, however, they have lowered their number to around 1800 and have transferred most of their missiles to nuclear submarines and are focusing on more advanced conventional weapons.
271:, to supervise construction". This newly established organization was able to produce Minutemen Launch silos at an extremely fast rate of ~1.8 per day from 1961 to 1966 where they built a total of 1,000 Minuteman missile silos.
1128:
197:
253:
and other western states. There were three main reasons behind this siting: reducing the flight trajectory between the United States and the Soviet Union, since the missiles would travel north over Canada and the
337:
The fourth version were stored vertically in underground silos, for the Atlas F ICBM. They were fueled in the silo, and then since they could not be launched from within the silo, were raised to the surface to
225:
The
British idea of an underground missile silo was adopted and developed by the United States for missile launch facilities for its intercontinental ballistic missiles. Most silos were based in
938:(1945). "Wizernes". Investigation of the "Heavy" Crossbow Installations in Northern France. Report by the Sanders Mission to the Chairman of the Crossbow Committee. III. Technical details.
738:
weapons, but is now concentrating development on expanding its submarine and road-capable mobile weapons, especially for tunnel networks. Two silos fields appear to be under construction.
618:
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1246:
1136:
1184:
532:
129:
The underground missile silo has remained the primary missile basing system and launch facility for land-based missiles since the 1960s. The increased accuracy of
548:
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weapons, having built a system of underground missile silos to protect missiles from detection and (above-ground) launch facilities from aerial destruction.
718:
1022:
825:
1239:
1162:
136:
Other than underground facilities, ballistic missiles can be launched from above-ground facilities, or can be launched from mobile platforms, e.g.
322:
The second version were stored horizontally in a shed-like structure with a retractable roof, to then be raised to the vertical and launched, at
180:, had also been built, some 14.4 kilometers (8.9 miles) north-northwest of La Coupole, and closer to intended targets in southeastern England.
1232:
1045:
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1944 conjectural reconstruction of the rocket preparation chamber and tunnels (on the assumption that A4 rockets were to be handled).
187:, the Germans were unable to complete construction of the works and the complex never entered service. The United Kingdom conducted
1772:
813:
1110:
209:
191:, determining that it was "an assembly site for long projectiles most conveniently handled and prepared in a vertical position".
1206:
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605:
164:
facility is the earliest known precursor to modern underground missile silos still in existence. It was built by the forces of
630:
496:
747:
398:
987:
3705:
85:
642:
576:
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3164:
911:
882:
774:. The silos are reportedly designed for mid- to long-range missiles, but it is not clear if all of them are operational.
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81:
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750:
for a few of its long-range ballistic missile arsenal and storage, but most of its systems are road mobile capable.
323:
3700:
3494:
735:
658:
The United
Kingdom did not have any silo ICBMs. During the 1960s several surface based erector launcher pads for
32:
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outside Moscow, was completed by the Soviet Union in 1971, and remains in use by the
Russian Federation.
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421:
145:
448:
350:
manufacturing case in history, of conspiracy to manufacture large quantities of LSD in a decommissioned
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missile series, underground silos changed in the 1960s. Both missile series introduced the use of
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1961:
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80:, is a vertical cylindrical structure constructed underground, for the storage and launching of
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682:(Strategic Missile Troops) controls Russia's land-based inter-continental ballistic missiles.
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20:
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The former Soviet Union had missile silos in Russia and adjacent Soviet states during the
16:
Underground structure for the storage and launching of intercontinental ballistic missiles
8:
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1224:
1185:"Revealed: Iran's seven mountainside missile silos discovered in new satellite imagery"
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268:
184:
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2240:
1918:
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Pakistan has built hard and deeply buried storage and launch facilities to retain a
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1979:
1956:
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systems has rendered them somewhat more vulnerable than they were in the 1960s.
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1401:
984:"To Defend and Deter: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Missile Program"
609:
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28:
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1993:
1972:
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107:" on top. They are usually connected, physically and/or electronically, to a
104:
1111:"China appears to be expanding its nuclear capabilities, US researchers say"
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2018:
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24:
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1129:"World | Pakistan enhances second strike N-capability: US report"
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601:
288:
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IRBM on the Albion
Plateau. They were in service from 1971 to 1996.
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2800:
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IRBMs were installed but were removed just a few years later when
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missile being worked on, in its underground silo launch facility.
367:
327:
250:
246:
100:
1151:
370:
missile used a similar silo basing of the fourth Atlas version.
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2011:
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432:
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The first version were vertical and above-ground launchers, at
115:
917:"Пуск Ракеты "ЯРС" РС-24 The launch of a Rocket "YARS" RS -24"
3611:
3555:
3299:
2824:
2655:
2495:
1816:
1346:
849:
291:, or use them for other purposes. They are popular sites of
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2435:
2402:
2377:
2169:
2159:
2128:
2107:
1391:
1270:
724:
Missile silo cover at Sirene
Observatory, Plateau d'Albion.
680:
Strategic Rocket Forces of the
Russian Federation (RVSN RF)
558:
missile launches from its underground silo launch facility.
284:
259:
982:
Winkler, David F.; Lonnquest, John C. (November 1, 1996).
514:
Titan-II ICBM silo test launch, Vandenberg Air Force Base.
424:, California, United States of America on 9 February 2023.
19:"Launch facility" redirects here. Not to be confused with
347:
183:
Following repeated heavy bombing by Allied forces during
1254:
1081:"HISTOIRE DE MISSILES... LE 1er GMS DU PLATEAU D'ALBION"
334:
unfueled and then be fueled immediately prior to launch.
1043:
624:
RT-23/SS-24 Molodets ICBM silo near
Pervomaysk Ukraine.
172:, between 1943 and 1944, to serve as a launch base for
38:"Missile silo" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1207:"Iran fires Ballistic Missiles from Underground Silos"
570:
Minuteman III ICBM Launch
Control Facility November-1.
215:
Impression of a V2 in the assembly hall at Éperleques.
826:
Ronald Reagan
Minuteman Missile State Historic Site
307:used four different storage and launching methods.
1159:"North digs silos for missiles in Mt. Paektu area"
770:North Korea built a missile silo complex south of
103:some distance below ground, protected by a large "
461:was a proposed configuration strategy for basing
3682:
981:
852:Safeguard Program Remote Sprint Launchers 3 site
2022:
1044:Ed Magnuson; Neil MacNeil (December 20, 1982).
648:R-36 missile being lowered into a missile silo.
2584:
2530:
2348:
2194:
3239:
2969:
2798:
2774:
2391:
2382:
2339:
2063:
1859:
1850:
1766:
1240:
346:and a partner were convicted, in the largest
3358:
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3321:
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2885:
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2813:
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2751:
2722:
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2407:
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2274:
2265:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2140:
2126:
2117:
2000:
1977:
449:LGM-30 Minuteman § Deployment locations
92:(MRBMs). Similar facilities can be used for
2009:
1991:
1937:
1923:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1773:
1759:
1247:
1233:
832:Strategic missile forces museum in Ukraine
796:Israel has MRBM and ICBM launch facilities
694:Loading ICBM Topol-M into the launch silo.
54:Strategic Missile Forces Museum in Ukraine
453:
814:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site
408:
258:; increasing the flight trajectory from
44:
949:"Minuteman Missiles on the Great Plain"
404:
3683:
606:Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning
526:Minuteman I test silos at Edwards AFB.
1754:
1228:
399:1980 Damascus Titan missile explosion
86:intermediate-range ballistic missiles
990:from the original on April 17, 2019.
977:
975:
973:
846:Nike 2B/12H, 20A/8L-U ABM SF-88 site
834:RT-23/SS-24 Molodets ICBM UCP + silo
828:Minuteman II ICBM O-01 MAF + N-33 LF
582:A Minuteman-III missile in its silo.
384:, located south of Tucson, Arizona.
114:With the introduction of the Soviet
3165:Weapons Storage and Security System
1161:. JoongAng daily. 10 October 2013.
1108:
1029:. September 2, 2001. Archived from
883:A-135 anti-ballistic missile system
678:Russia has silo-based weapons. The
397:Titan II explosion in silo 374-7 –
361:
298:
82:intercontinental ballistic missiles
13:
3721:Military equipment of the Cold War
1780:
1632:Naples underground geothermal zone
878:A-35 anti-ballistic missile system
376:(deactivated) ICBMs were in a one
99:The structures typically have the
14:
3732:
1165:from the original on 7 April 2014
1109:Gan, Brad Lendon (28 July 2021).
970:
820:Quebec-One Missile Alert Facility
816:Minuteman II ICBM LCC + D-09 silo
653:
502:Titan II ICBM in 571-7 site silo.
435:series Minuteman I, II, III, and
3664:
3663:
717:
687:
641:
629:
617:
575:
563:
547:
531:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
348:lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
324:Francis E. Warren Air Force Base
220:
208:
196:
1199:
1177:
1121:
704:France built missile silos for
636:Plokštinė R-12 Dvina MRBM base.
587:
155:
90:medium-range ballistic missiles
33:Launch Complex (disambiguation)
1678:Forestiere Underground Gardens
1541:Underground mining (soft rock)
1536:Underground mining (hard rock)
1521:Subsurface utility engineering
1102:
1091:
1073:
1037:
1015:
941:
929:
900:
765:
391:Fire in Titan II silo 373-4 –
1:
3060:British "hedgehog" road block
893:
873:Safeguard/Sentinel ABM system
863:Missile launch control center
762:capability in a nuclear war.
393:1965 Searcy missile silo fire
138:transporter erector launchers
109:missile launch control center
1531:Underground mine ventilation
146:ballistic missile submarines
7:
3706:Nuclear command and control
3470:Cities with defensive walls
3055:Defensive fighting position
2970:
2775:
2585:
2531:
2392:
2383:
2349:
2340:
2195:
1688:Underground House Las Vegas
856:
753:
490:Titan I missile complex 2A.
422:Vandenberg Space Force Base
317:Central Coast of California
10:
3737:
1683:Underground House Colorado
1612:Underground City, Montreal
1607:Underground City (Beijing)
1135:. Pakistan. Archived from
888:List of Nike missile sites
822:Peacekeeper ICBM Q-01 site
801:
446:
420:Minuteman III launch from
378:ICBM launch control center
354:missile silo (548-7) near
37:
18:
3654:
3584:
3508:
3452:
3386:
3272:
3177:
3100:Hardened aircraft shelter
3075:Entry control point (ECP)
2987:
2898:
2614:
2607:
2039:
1788:
1727:
1714:Hockerton Housing Project
1701:
1665:
1549:
1497:
1435:
1294:
1263:
1255:Man-made and man-related
1098:Chosun.com (14 Dec. 2009)
1046:"Dense Pack Gets Blasted"
868:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
789:
699:
673:
313:Vandenberg Air Force Base
3597:Continuity of government
1728:Earth shelters Australia
1508:underground construction
810:Titan II ICBM 571-7 site
741:
729:
478:Titan I missile complex.
66:underground missile silo
3419:Motte-and-bailey castle
3125:Missile launch facility
3120:Main line of resistance
1815:
1468:Missile launch facility
844:Nike Missile Site SF-88
777:
344:William Leonard Pickard
189:post-war investigations
178:Blockhaus d'Eperlecques
94:anti-ballistic missiles
62:missile launch facility
3701:Military installations
3495:Military installations
3359:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3240:
2911:
2886:
2862:
2852:Scarp and Counterscarp
2823:
2814:
2799:
2766:
2752:
2723:
2694:
2685:
2661:
2622:
2427:
2408:
2326:
2275:
2266:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2141:
2127:
2118:
2064:
2023:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1978:
1938:
1924:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1806:
1693:Underground World Home
1003:Cite journal requires
936:Sanders, Terence R. B.
838:Plokštinė missile base
598:Plokštinė missile base
454:Peacekeeper facilities
425:
57:
3264:Floating water castle
2995:Admiralty scaffolding
2288:Fortified buildings (
1582:Kőbánya cellar system
1577:Houston tunnel system
1516:Rock-cut architecture
956:National Park Service
447:Further information:
419:
124:hypergolic propellant
48:
21:space launch facility
3696:Rockets and missiles
3607:Subterranean warfare
2560:Viking ring fortress
1657:Subterranean fiction
1652:Subterranean warfare
1087:. December 25, 2021.
1033:on October 26, 2016.
840:R-12 Dvina MRBM base
808:Titan Missile Museum
794:It is believed that
405:Minuteman facilities
382:Titan Missile Museum
3424:Quadrangular castle
3160:Weapon storage area
2516:Quadrangular castle
1647:Subterranean Toledo
1642:Subterranean London
1562:Caves of Maastricht
1526:Tunnel construction
1307:Burial vault (tomb)
670:came into service.
463:LGM-118 Peacekeeper
387:Notable accidents:
64:, also known as an
3716:British inventions
3155:Underground hangar
2940:Fire control tower
2737:Gunpowder magazine
2165:Butter-churn tower
1602:Underground living
1484:Underground hangar
426:
269:Chief of Engineers
185:Operation Crossbow
58:
3691:Missile launchers
3678:
3677:
3602:Military urbanism
3536:Fortified gateway
3409:Concentric castle
3173:
3172:
3090:Fire support base
2930:Coastal artillery
2805:(Spanish America)
2399:
2241:Concentric castle
1748:
1747:
1702:Earth shelters UK
1673:Bill Gates' house
1666:Earth shelters US
1436:Military features
1427:Ventilation shaft
1295:Civilian features
417:
293:urban exploration
265:Safeguard Program
131:inertial guidance
3728:
3667:
3666:
3660:
3551:National redoubt
3480:Fortified estate
3404:Circular rampart
3364:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3245:
3005:Anti-tank trench
3000:Air raid shelter
2975:
2935:Disappearing gun
2916:
2891:
2867:
2828:
2819:
2804:
2780:
2771:
2757:
2728:
2699:
2690:
2666:
2627:
2612:
2611:
2590:
2570:Bailey (or ward)
2536:
2441:Motte-and-bailey
2432:
2413:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2354:
2345:
2331:
2280:
2271:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2146:
2132:
2123:
2069:
2026:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1983:
1943:
1929:
1869:Circular rampart
1865:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1709:Underhill, Holme
1617:Mine exploration
1479:Underground base
1474:Scallywag bunker
1443:Air raid shelter
1422:Smuggling tunnel
1387:Underground city
1327:Dugout (shelter)
1264:Natural features
1249:
1242:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1106:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:capcomespace.net
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1061:on June 12, 2010
1060:
1054:. Archived from
1041:
1035:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1001:
999:
991:
979:
968:
967:
965:
963:
953:
945:
939:
933:
927:
926:
904:
721:
691:
645:
633:
621:
579:
567:
551:
535:
523:
511:
499:
487:
475:
418:
374:LGM-25C Titan II
362:Titan facilities
299:Atlas facilities
212:
200:
52:missile silo at
3736:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3711:Nuclear warfare
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3658:
3650:
3580:
3504:
3448:
3382:
3317:Imperial castle
3290:Coercion castle
3285:Coastal defence
3268:
3230:Promontory fort
3200:Hillside castle
3169:
3085:Fallout shelter
3050:Concertina wire
3030:Border security
2983:
2894:
2603:
2236:Coercion castle
2224:Cheval de frise
2206:Chemin de ronde
2054:Albarrana tower
2035:
1980:Schwedenschanze
1957:Promontory fort
1784:
1779:
1749:
1744:
1740:Lightning Ridge
1723:
1697:
1661:
1545:
1506:
1493:
1463:Fallout shelter
1431:
1290:
1259:
1253:
1223:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1139:on 21 July 2009
1127:
1126:
1122:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1042:
1038:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1004:
1002:
993:
992:
980:
971:
961:
959:
958:. April 6, 2017
951:
947:
946:
942:
934:
930:
915:
912:Wayback Machine
905:
901:
896:
859:
804:
792:
780:
772:Paektu Mountain
768:
756:
744:
732:
725:
722:
702:
695:
692:
676:
656:
649:
646:
637:
634:
625:
622:
590:
583:
580:
571:
568:
559:
552:
543:
536:
527:
524:
515:
512:
503:
500:
491:
488:
479:
476:
456:
451:
409:
407:
364:
301:
275:ever produced.
223:
216:
213:
204:
201:
170:Occupied France
158:
70:launch facility
43:
40:Missal of Silos
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3734:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3636:
3634:Trench warfare
3631:
3629:Tunnel warfare
3626:
3625:
3624:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:Fortifications
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3337:
3328:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3295:Counter-castle
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Border barrier
3276:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3215:Lowland castle
3212:
3207:
3205:Hilltop castle
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3080:Electric fence
3077:
3072:
3070:Dragon's teeth
3067:
3065:Czech hedgehog
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2979:Wire obstacles
2976:
2967:
2965:Polygonal fort
2962:
2957:
2955:Martello tower
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2920:Border outpost
2917:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2806:
2796:
2794:Polygonal fort
2791:
2786:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2758:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2405:
2400:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2332:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2286:
2284:Flanking tower
2281:
2272:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2251:Counter-castle
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2138:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2041:Post-classical
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2031:Vitrified fort
2028:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1984:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1935:
1930:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1889:Defensive wall
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1782:Fortifications
1778:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Mines of Paris
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Trench warfare
1594:
1592:Tunnel network
1589:
1587:Tunnel warfare
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1550:Related topics
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1402:Secret passage
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1209:. 8 March 2016
1198:
1176:
1150:
1120:
1101:
1090:
1072:
1036:
1014:
1005:|journal=
969:
940:
928:
898:
897:
895:
892:
891:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
858:
855:
854:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
803:
800:
791:
788:
779:
776:
767:
764:
755:
752:
743:
740:
731:
728:
727:
726:
723:
716:
701:
698:
697:
696:
693:
686:
675:
672:
655:
654:United Kingdom
652:
651:
650:
647:
640:
638:
635:
628:
626:
623:
616:
610:Solnechnogorsk
596:, such as the
589:
586:
585:
584:
581:
574:
572:
569:
562:
560:
556:Peacekeeper MX
553:
546:
544:
537:
530:
528:
525:
518:
516:
513:
506:
504:
501:
494:
492:
489:
482:
480:
477:
470:
455:
452:
406:
403:
402:
401:
395:
363:
360:
356:Wamego, Kansas
340:
339:
335:
331:
320:
305:Atlas missiles
300:
297:
222:
219:
218:
217:
214:
207:
205:
202:
195:
157:
154:
29:launch complex
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3733:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3671:
3670:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3639:Urban warfare
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Civil defense
3590:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:Bastion forts
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3444:Z-plan castle
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3414:L-plan castle
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3399:Bridge castle
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:Refuge castle
3366:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Military base
3347:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3312:Hunting lodge
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Moated castle
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3210:Island castle
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:By topography
3176:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:Submarine pen
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Hesco bastion
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:Blast shelter
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Place-of-arms
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2422:Machicolation
2420:
2418:
2417:L-plan castle
2415:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2150:Bridge castle
2148:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2113:Bent entrance
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
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2098:Battery tower
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2076:
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2049:Advanced work
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2020:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2005:
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1999:
1996:
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1973:Refuge castle
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1567:Civil defense
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1453:Blast shelter
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1407:Semi-basement
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:Utility vault
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:Rock-cut tomb
1365:
1363:
1362:Rapid transit
1360:
1358:
1355:
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1340:
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1337:Earth shelter
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1024:
1018:
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989:
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839:
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827:
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818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
805:
799:
797:
787:
785:
775:
773:
763:
761:
760:second strike
751:
749:
739:
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720:
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690:
685:
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221:United States
211:
206:
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175:
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167:
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153:
151:
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125:
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118:and the U.S.
117:
112:
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106:
102:
97:
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91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
55:
51:
47:
41:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3662:
3617:Siege engine
3585:Other topics
3509:Related word
3475:Defense line
3439:Tower castle
3394:Bastion fort
3378:Urban castle
3306:Ganerbenburg
3304:
3259:Water castle
3235:Ridge castle
3220:Marsh castle
3124:
3035:Bomb shelter
3015:Belgian gate
2988:20th century
2899:19th century
2837:Retrenchment
2809:Punji sticks
2718:Entrenchment
2713:Device Forts
2680:Counterguard
2615:Early modern
2545:Tower castle
2481:Powder tower
2456:Outer bailey
2368:Inner bailey
2342:Gulyay-gorod
2310:Ganerbenburg
2308:
2304:Fujian tulou
2246:Corner tower
2185:Chamber gate
2155:Bridge tower
2003:Trou de loup
1557:Cave dweller
1467:
1417:Storm cellar
1211:. Retrieved
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1187:. 6 May 2021
1179:
1167:. Retrieved
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1137:the original
1132:
1123:
1114:
1104:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1065:December 27,
1063:. Retrieved
1056:the original
1049:
1039:
1031:the original
1027:cjonline.com
1026:
1017:
996:cite journal
962:February 21,
960:. Retrieved
955:
943:
931:
920:
908:Ghostarchive
906:Archived at
902:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
703:
677:
657:
591:
588:Soviet Union
540:Minuteman II
457:
442:
430:solid fueled
427:
386:
372:
365:
341:
302:
281:
277:
273:
239:South Dakota
235:North Dakota
224:
182:
168:in northern
166:Nazi Germany
159:
156:Nazi Germany
135:
128:
113:
98:
78:nuclear silo
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
59:
3516:Castle town
3373:Toll castle
3342:Lustschloss
3324:Kaiserpfalz
3254:Spur castle
3249:Rock castle
3190:Hill castle
3185:Cave castle
3145:Spider hole
3045:Bremer wall
3010:Barbed tape
2906:Barbed wire
2580:Witch tower
2550:Tower house
2540:Toll castle
2526:Shield wall
2446:Murder hole
2335:Guard tower
1952:Pincer gate
1899:Faussebraye
1735:Coober Pedy
1627:Mole people
1572:Coober Pedy
1489:Spider hole
1372:Root cellar
1257:subterranea
1213:26 December
1191:26 December
766:North Korea
746:India uses
437:Peacekeeper
352:SM-65 Atlas
287:, advanced
174:V-2 rockets
3685:Categories
3541:Gatekeeper
3361:Ordensburg
3333:Landesburg
3140:Sentry gun
3095:Flak tower
3025:Blast wall
2945:Gun turret
2842:Sally port
2747:Kotta mara
2687:Couvreface
2651:Breastwork
2646:Blockhouse
2624:Abwurfdach
2575:Watchtower
2565:Wall tower
2521:Shell keep
2471:Portcullis
2466:Peel tower
2451:Neck ditch
2410:Landesburg
2358:Half tower
2316:Gate tower
2261:Drawbridge
2103:Battlement
2019:Wagon fort
1862:Chengqiang
1023:"Silo LSD"
894:References
784:silo-based
736:silo-based
734:China has
664:Blue Steel
459:Dense Pack
289:safe rooms
256:North Pole
162:La Coupole
105:blast door
25:launch pad
3644:Guerrilla
3387:By design
3135:Revetment
2950:Land mine
2881:Star fort
2708:Crownwork
2703:Covertway
2636:Barricade
2277:Embrasure
2190:Chartaque
2120:Bergfried
2078:Arrowslit
1904:Gatehouse
1874:City gate
1835:Castellum
1801:Acropolis
1503:quarrying
1397:Wine cave
1317:Catacombs
1143:21 August
782:Iran has
668:V bombers
666:carrying
602:Lithuania
150:airplanes
88:(IRBMs),
84:(ICBMs),
3669:Category
3659:See also
3546:Loophole
3434:Ringwork
3429:Ringfort
3354:Obstacle
3195:Hillfort
3115:Loophole
2913:Barbette
2888:Tenaille
2871:Sea fort
2801:Presidio
2761:Magazine
2742:Hornwork
2675:Cavalier
2670:Casemate
2663:Caponier
2506:Ringwork
2394:Detinets
2363:Hoarding
2268:Enceinte
2143:Bretèche
2088:Bartizan
2083:Barbican
2059:Alcazaba
1987:Stockade
1967:Ringfort
1947:Palisade
1919:Landwehr
1914:Hillfort
1458:Casemate
1412:Stepwell
1352:Hypogeum
1342:Erdstall
1332:Dry well
1312:Borehole
1302:Basement
1286:Sinkhole
1163:Archived
988:Archived
910:and the
857:See also
754:Pakistan
594:Cold War
342:In 2000
243:Missouri
231:Nebraska
227:Colorado
142:railcars
120:Titan II
96:(ABMs).
3576:Vedette
3566:Schloss
3531:Festung
3526:Dungeon
3521:Château
3465:Castles
3273:By role
3130:Pillbox
2960:Outpost
2876:Station
2864:Schanze
2847:Sandbag
2832:Redoubt
2816:Ravelin
2784:Palanka
2768:Orillon
2754:Lunette
2696:Coupure
2641:Bastion
2631:Arsenal
2599:Zwinger
2511:Roundel
2501:Ricetto
2476:Postern
2461:Outwork
2385:Kremlin
2256:Curtain
2231:Citadel
2215:Chemise
2175:Caltrop
2093:Bastion
2066:Alcázar
1962:Rampart
1940:Oppidum
1933:Nuraghe
1879:Crannog
1853:Castros
1789:Ancient
1719:Malator
1637:Sapping
1357:Manhole
1322:Dungeon
1169:2 April
922:YouTube
802:Museums
608:, near
368:Titan I
338:launch.
328:Wyoming
315:on the
251:Wyoming
247:Montana
101:missile
3571:Trench
3561:Picket
2972:Sangar
2925:Bunker
2857:Sconce
2777:Ostrog
2725:Flèche
2608:Modern
2587:Yagura
2555:Turret
2491:Reduit
2429:Merlon
2373:Kasbah
2351:Gusuku
2328:Glacis
2321:Gabion
2290:church
2197:Chashi
2180:Castle
2024:Laager
2012:Vallum
1969:(Rath)
1844:Castra
1826:Burgus
1796:Abatis
1499:Mining
1470:(silo)
1448:Bunker
1377:Tunnel
1281:Grotto
1276:Cenote
790:Israel
700:France
674:Russia
604:. The
433:LGM-30
116:UR-100
76:), or
3612:Siege
3556:Palas
3500:Walls
3490:Forts
3453:Lists
3300:Fence
3242:Rocca
3110:Kabal
2825:Redan
2732:Gorge
2656:Canal
2533:Shiro
2496:Ribat
2486:Qalat
2298:Dzong
2294:house
1994:Sudis
1926:Limes
1884:Ditch
1817:Broch
1808:Agger
1505:, and
1347:Fogou
1059:(web)
952:(web)
850:RSL-3
748:silos
742:India
730:China
554:U.S.
538:U.S.
285:homes
260:SLBMs
50:SS-24
31:, or
3622:list
3040:Buoy
2594:Yett
2436:Moat
2403:Ksar
2378:Keep
2170:Caer
2160:Burh
2136:Boom
2129:Berm
2108:Bawn
2073:Amba
1909:Gord
1392:Well
1271:Cave
1215:2021
1193:2021
1171:2014
1145:2010
1133:Dawn
1067:2008
1051:Time
1009:help
964:2019
778:Iran
708:and
660:Thor
428:The
366:The
303:The
160:The
1894:Dun
1115:CNN
710:S-3
706:S-2
600:in
326:in
148:or
3687::
3661::
2296:,
2292:,
1501:,
1131:.
1113:.
1083:.
1048:.
1025:.
1000::
998:}}
994:{{
986:.
972:^
954:.
919:.
914::
798:.
358:.
295:.
249:,
245:,
241:,
237:,
233:,
229:,
152:.
144:,
140:,
111:.
74:LF
68:,
60:A
27:,
23:,
2398:)
2390:(
2300:)
2027:)
2021:(
1774:e
1767:t
1760:v
1248:e
1241:t
1234:v
1217:.
1195:.
1173:.
1147:.
1117:.
1069:.
1011:)
1007:(
966:.
925:.
330:.
319:.
72:(
56:.
42:.
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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