2001:
2024:
1990:
110:
990:
The lower two come from
European stratigraphy, the top from Russian stratigraphy. Besides Europe and Russia, there are many local subdivisions that are used as alternatives for the international timescale. In the North American system, the Mississippian is subdivided into four stages:
881:
that define the
Mississippian are well identified, but the exact start and end dates are uncertain by a few million years. The Mississippian is so named because rocks with this age are exposed in the
1252:
1047:
1370:
1215:
1259:
2065:
1200:
1363:
599:
550:
738:
675:
2099:
2089:
1356:
833:
479:
2084:
2058:
1223:
1245:
2104:
2051:
1379:
588:
19:"Mississippian period" and "Early Carboniferous" redirect here. For the North American civilization, see
2094:
1322:
433:
2039:
1647:
1286:
924:
908:, and carbonate sedimentation on the surrounding continental platforms, covered by shallow seas.
497:
321:
1192:
641:
946:
932:
859:
20:
1028:
967:
In the international geologic timescale, the
Mississippian is subdivided into three stages:
889:
376:
343:
8:
1983:
1063:
951:
365:
332:
114:
Map of Earth as it appeared 340 million years ago during the
Mississippian, Viséan stage
1085:
882:
855:
387:
354:
1111:
1781:
1745:
1048:"The Devonian/Carboniferous boundary stratotype section (La Serre, France) revisited"
623:
1875:
1750:
1719:
1516:
1059:
870:
851:
786:
723:
1144:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1844:
1740:
1678:
1573:
1542:
1511:
1112:"The IUGS boundary in the middle of the Carboniferous: Arrow Canyon, Nevada, USA"
897:
863:
37:
2000:
2035:
1994:
1813:
1683:
1578:
1547:
1149:
665:
535:
516:
1348:
2078:
2031:
1714:
1704:
1673:
1636:
1568:
1537:
1268:
1007:
943:
912:
893:
874:
867:
753:
740:
690:
677:
289:
68:
2005:
1936:
1786:
1709:
1306:
1165:
Planet Earth: Cosmology, Geology, and the
Evolution of Life and Environment
971:
649:
415:
1110:
Lane, H.; Brenckle, Paul; Baesemann, J.; Richards, Barry (December 1999).
873:
lasting from roughly 358.9 to 323.2 million years ago. As with most other
2023:
1931:
1800:
1776:
1621:
1416:
1296:
983:
397:
43:
1926:
1886:
1829:
1729:
1626:
1500:
1400:
1327:
1317:
1237:
998:
442:
424:
88:
53:
1989:
1176:
1941:
1891:
1865:
1824:
1771:
1616:
1592:
1473:
1463:
1452:
1216:"Foraminifera Gallery Database search for Mississippian Foraminifera"
935:. The USGS geologic time scale shows its relation to other periods.
916:
267:
93:
892:
in the
Northern Hemisphere: the sea level was so high that only the
406:
1901:
1896:
1860:
1760:
1693:
1662:
1557:
1526:
1487:
1437:
1411:
1387:
1332:
920:
719:
661:
645:
451:
278:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
942:, the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian are grouped together as the
1915:
1855:
1605:
1442:
1426:
928:
878:
300:
109:
98:
73:
1951:
1834:
1468:
1301:
977:
939:
905:
901:
669:
1109:
1086:"Decision on the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary stratotype"
1084:
Paproth, Eva; Feist, Raimund; Flajs, Gerd (December 1991).
822:
816:
1004:
Osagean (top of the
Tournaisian and bottom of the Visean)
810:
801:
795:
653:(discovered to have biostratigraphic issues as of 2006)
834:
825:
807:
798:
789:
995:
813:
804:
792:
126:
915:, where the interval consists primarily of marine
549:Subdivision of the Carboniferous according to the
1083:
927:. During the Mississippian an important phase of
919:, it is treated as a geologic period between the
2076:
1378:
904:were surrounded by extensive delta systems and
2059:
1364:
1253:
866:. It is the earlier of two subperiods of the
1035:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
819:
16:First subperiod of the Carboniferous Period
2066:
2052:
1371:
1357:
1260:
1246:
556:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago
1010:(the lower two-thirds of the Tournaisian)
1267:
949:, and traditionally referred to as the
2077:
1045:
546:
1352:
1241:
2018:
524:
505:
487:
469:
1970:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
734:Arrow Canyon, Nevada, United States
13:
1974:= megaannum (millions years ago);
888:The Mississippian was a period of
14:
2116:
1978:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1185:
480:Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse
2022:
1999:
1988:
1064:10.1127/0078-0421/2009/0043-0195
785:
108:
41:
1203:from the original on 2019-03-15
1046:Kaiser, Sandra (1 April 2009).
962:
1170:
1157:
1137:
1103:
1077:
1039:
1021:
468:
1:
1417:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
1014:
2038:. You can help Knowledge by
724:Declinognathodus nodiliferus
7:
2100:Carboniferous United States
2090:Carboniferous geochronology
1380:Geological history of Earth
1052:Newsletters on Stratigraphy
547:
261:
10:
2121:
2017:
1653:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
1648:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1412:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1193:"The Carboniferous Period"
36:358.9 ± 0.4 – 323.2 ± 0.4
18:
1965:
1950:
1937:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
1914:
1874:
1843:
1812:
1799:
1787:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1759:
1728:
1692:
1661:
1635:
1604:
1591:
1556:
1525:
1499:
1486:
1451:
1425:
1399:
1386:
1275:
1150:Dictionary.com Unabridged
769:
730:
715:Upper boundary definition
714:
706:
657:
638:Lower boundary definition
637:
629:
619:
614:
606:
594:
584:
579:
571:
566:
124:
119:
107:
33:
28:
1932:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
1777:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1622:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1474:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1464:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
1197:University of California
129:
2085:Mississippian (geology)
1927:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
1892:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
1887:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
1830:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
1720:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1627:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1438:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
252:−300 —
242:−305 —
232:−310 —
222:−315 —
212:−320 —
202:−325 —
192:−330 —
182:−335 —
172:−340 —
162:−345 —
152:−350 —
142:−355 —
132:−360 —
1897:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
1866:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
1825:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
1772:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1617:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1443:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
1902:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
1861:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
1782:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1469:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
933:Appalachian Mountains
21:Mississippian culture
1942:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
1835:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
1715:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
1705:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
1269:Carboniferous Period
1033:www.stratigraphy.org
986:(358.9 to 346.7 mya)
980:(346.7 to 330.9 mya)
974:(330.9 to 323.2 mya)
894:Fennoscandian Shield
890:marine transgression
754:36.7333°N 114.7778°W
650:Siphonodella sulcata
2105:Geochronology stubs
1997: •
1986: •
1984:Geologic time scale
1746:Middle (458–470 Ma)
1710:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
1679:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1574:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1543:Middle (164–174 Ma)
957:Lower Carboniferous
952:Upper Carboniferous
900:were dry land. The
848:Early Carboniferous
844:Lower Carboniferous
770:Upper GSSP ratified
750: /
731:Upper boundary GSSP
707:Lower GSSP ratified
687: /
658:Lower boundary GSSP
630:Time span formality
498:Mazon Creek Fossils
1995:Geology portal
1856:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
1751:Early (470–485 Ma)
1684:Early (393–419 Ma)
1579:Early (247–252 Ma)
1548:Early (174–201 Ma)
1517:Early (100–145 Ma)
1512:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1029:"Chart/Time Scale"
883:Mississippi Valley
856:geologic timescale
759:36.7333; -114.7778
691:43.5555°N 3.3573°E
620:Chronological unit
607:Time scale(s) used
2095:Geological epochs
2047:
2046:
2012:
2011:
1910:
1909:
1876:Paleoproterozoic
1795:
1794:
1741:Late (444–458 Ma)
1674:Late (359–383 Ma)
1587:
1586:
1569:Late (201–237 Ma)
1538:Late (145–164 Ma)
1482:
1481:
1403:(present–2.58 Ma)
1391:(present–66.0 Ma)
1346:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1163:Cesare Emiliani,
898:Laurentian Shield
777:
776:
580:Usage information
561:
560:
542:
541:
523:
522:
504:
503:
486:
485:
2112:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2026:
2019:
2006:World portal
2004:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1955:
1919:
1879:
1848:
1845:Mesoproterozoic
1817:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1764:
1733:
1697:
1666:
1640:
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1601:
1597:
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1350:
1349:
1278:
1277:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1222:. Archived from
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1209:
1208:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1141:
1135:
1134:
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1100:
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1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
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1037:
1036:
1025:
931:occurred in the
842:, also known as
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832:
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103:
40:
26:
25:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2015:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1987:
1979:
1961:
1953:
1946:
1917:
1906:
1877:
1870:
1846:
1839:
1815:
1814:Neoproterozoic
1804:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
1803:
1802:
1801:Proterozoic Eon
1791:
1762:
1755:
1731:
1724:
1695:
1688:
1664:
1657:
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1607:
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1220:Foraminifera.eu
1214:
1206:
1204:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1145:"Mississippian"
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1128:
1126:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1044:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1001:(middle Visean)
965:
864:geologic record
836:
788:
784:
758:
756:
752:
749:
744:
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739:
737:
736:
735:
696:43.5555; 3.3573
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1642:
1637:Carboniferous
1633:
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1484:
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1460:
1458:
1455:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1429:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
1423:
1422:
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1383:
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1187:
1186:External links
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:USGS Timescale
1169:
1156:
1153:(Online). n.d.
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1038:
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1016:
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875:geochronologic
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666:Montagne Noire
659:
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610:ICS Time Scale
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595:Regional usage
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2034:article is a
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2032:geochronology
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1853:
1851:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
1811:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1593:Paleozoic Era
1590:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:(66.0–145 Ma)
1498:
1495:
1493:
1491:(66.0–252 Ma)
1485:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:Pennsylvanian
1285:
1283:
1282:Mississippian
1280:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1226:on 2019-03-15
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1009:
1008:Kinderhookian
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
992:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
969:
968:
960:
958:
954:
953:
948:
945:
944:Carboniferous
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
925:Pennsylvanian
922:
918:
914:
913:North America
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
869:
868:Carboniferous
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
840:
830:
782:
781:Mississippian
772:
768:
763:
733:
729:
726:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
671:
667:
663:
660:
656:
652:
651:
647:
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
622:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:
587:
583:
578:
574:
570:
565:
554:
553:, as of 2021.
552:
545:
537:
532:
527:
526:
518:
513:
508:
507:
499:
495:
490:
489:
481:
477:
472:
471:
453:
444:
435:
426:
417:
408:
399:
389:
378:
367:
356:
345:
334:
323:
322:Pennsylvanian
312:
311:Mississippian
303:
302:
293:
291:
290:Carboniferous
281:
280:
271:
269:
128:
123:
118:
111:
106:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
29:Mississippian
27:
22:
2040:expanding it
2029:
2014:
1980:
1916:Archean Eon
1878:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
1763:(485–539 Ma)
1732:(444–485 Ma)
1696:(419–444 Ma)
1665:(359–419 Ma)
1652:
1639:(299–359 Ma)
1608:(252–299 Ma)
1596:(252–539 Ma)
1560:(201–252 Ma)
1529:(145–201 Ma)
1488:Mesozoic Era
1388:Cenozoic Era
1307:Serpukhovian
1281:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:the original
1219:
1205:. Retrieved
1196:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1148:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1122:
1118:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1055:
1051:
1041:
1032:
1023:
989:
972:Serpukhovian
966:
963:Subdivisions
956:
950:
937:
910:
887:
847:
843:
780:
778:
722:
648:
548:
416:Serpukhovian
310:
299:
287:
277:
265:
1952:Hadean Eon
1730:Ordovician
1501:Cretaceous
1401:Quaternary
1297:Tournaisian
1058:: 195–205.
984:Tournaisian
877:units, the
757: /
745:114°46′40″W
718:FAD of the
694: /
536:Romer's Gap
517:Romer's Gap
398:Tournaisian
2079:Categories
1954:(4–4.6 Ga)
1918:(2.5–4 Ga)
1847:(1–1.6 Ga)
1453:Paleogene
1328:Kasimovian
1318:Bashkirian
1230:2019-03-15
1207:2019-03-15
1129:8 December
1099:: 331–336.
1069:7 December
1015:References
999:Meramecian
917:limestones
742:36°44′00″N
679:43°33′20″N
615:Definition
443:Kasimovian
425:Bashkirian
120:Chronology
1981:See also:
1761:Cambrian
1694:Silurian
1663:Devonian
1558:Triassic
1527:Jurassic
1323:Moscovian
1167:1992 496.
1125:: 272–283
959:instead.
879:rock beds
860:subsystem
852:subperiod
682:3°21′26″E
624:Subperiod
567:Etymology
534:Start of
434:Moscovian
268:Paleozoic
1606:Permian
1427:Neogene
1333:Gzhelian
1201:Archived
1119:Episodes
1093:Episodes
923:and the
921:Devonian
896:and the
720:Conodont
662:La Serre
646:Conodont
598:Global (
452:Gzhelian
279:Devonian
929:orogeny
906:lagoons
902:cratons
862:of the
854:in the
850:) is a
835:miss-ə-
644:of the
529:←
515:End of
510:←
492:←
474:←
301:Permian
257:–
247:–
237:–
227:–
217:–
207:–
197:–
187:–
177:–
167:–
157:–
147:–
137:–
1960:
1302:Visean
978:Visean
947:system
940:Europe
871:period
839:-ee-ən
670:France
633:Formal
575:Formal
464:
459:
407:Viséan
344:Middle
2030:This
1115:(PDF)
1089:(PDF)
858:or a
589:Earth
366:Early
333:Early
2036:stub
1131:2020
1071:2020
955:and
779:The
773:1996
710:1990
388:Late
355:Late
44:PreꞒ
1060:doi
938:In
911:In
846:or
837:SIP
642:FAD
600:ICS
551:ICS
377:Mid
2081::
1976:Ga
1972:Ma
1968:ka
1218:.
1199:.
1195:.
1147:.
1123:22
1121:.
1117:.
1097:14
1095:.
1091:.
1056:43
1054:.
1050:.
1031:.
885:.
668:,
664:,
94:Pg
38:Ma
2067:e
2060:t
2053:v
2042:.
1372:e
1365:t
1358:v
1261:e
1254:t
1247:v
1233:.
1210:.
1133:.
1073:.
1062::
829:/
826:n
823:ə
820:.
817:i
814:p
811:ɪ
808:s
805:ˈ
802:ɪ
799:s
796:ɪ
793:m
790:ˌ
787:/
783:(
602:)
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
23:.
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