Mohammad Mosaddegh

1377:, chief of the British intelligence station in Tehran, Britain's covert operations network had funnelled roughly £10,000 per month to the Rashidian brothers (two of Iran's most influential royalists) in the hope of buying off, according to CIA estimates, "the armed forces, the Majlis (Iranian parliament), religious leaders, the press, street gangs, politicians and other influential figures". Thus, in his statement asserting electoral manipulation by "foreign agents", Mosaddegh suspended the elections. His National Front party had made up 30 of the 79 deputies elected. Yet none of those present vetoed the statement, and completion of the elections was postponed indefinitely. The 17th Majlis convened in April 1952, with the minimum required of the 136 seats filled. 1965: 1561: 1286:

company, we would also eliminate corruption and intrigue, by means of which the internal affairs of our country have been influenced. Once this tutelage has ceased, Iran will have achieved its economic and political independence. The Iranian state prefers to take over the production of petroleum itself. The company should do nothing else but return its property to the rightful owners. The nationalization law provides that 25% of the net profits on oil be set aside to meet all the legitimate claims of the company for compensation. It has been asserted abroad that Iran intends to expel the foreign oil experts from the country and then shut down oil installations. Not only is this allegation absurd; it is utter invention.

1406:(also known as Ghavam os-Saltaneh) was appointed as Iran's new Prime Minister. On the day of his appointment, he announced his intention to resume negotiations with the British to end the oil dispute, a reversal of Mosaddegh's policy. The National Front—along with various Nationalist, Islamist, and socialist parties and groups—including Tudeh—responded by calling for protests, assassinations of the Shah and other royalists, strikes and mass demonstrations in favour of Mosaddegh. Major strikes broke out in all of Iran's major towns, with the Bazaar closing down in Tehran. Over 250 demonstrators in Tehran, Hamadan, Ahvaz, Isfahan, and Kermanshah were killed or suffered serious injuries. 1552:

from the country gave the Eisenhower administration the impetus to join the plan. The United States and the United Kingdom agreed to work together toward Mosaddegh's removal and began to publicly denounce Mosaddegh's policies for Iran as harmful to the country. In the meantime, the already precarious alliance between Mosaddegh and Kashani was severed in January 1953, when Kashani opposed Mosaddegh's demand that his increased powers be extended for a period of one year. Finally, to end Mossadegh's destabilising influence that threatened the supply of oil to the West and could potentially pave the way for a communist takeover of the country, the US made an attempt to depose him.

1489:, who had helped lead the takeover of the Abadan refinery and was at one point considered Mosaddegh's heir apparent; and most outspokenly Ayatollah Kashani, who damned Mosaddegh with the "vitriol he had once reserved for the British". The reason for difference of opinion among Makki and Mosaddegh was the sharp response of Mosaddegh to Kashani, who was an inoffensive scholar who attracted public support. Hossein Makki strongly opposed the dissolution of the parliament by Mossadegh and evaluated in the long run at his loss because with the closure of the parliament, the right to dismiss the Prime minister was made by the Shah. 893: 1725: 1687: 1337: 1399:, Mosaddegh insisted on the constitutional prerogative of the Prime Minister to name a Minister of War and the Chief of Staff, something the Shah had done up to that point. The Shah refused, seeing it as a means for Mosaddegh to consolidate his power over the government at the expense of the monarchy. In response, Mosaddegh announced his resignation appealing directly to the public for support, pronouncing that "in the present situation, the struggle started by the Iranian people cannot be brought to a victorious conclusion". 822: 1669:. Pro-Shah tank regiments stormed the capital and bombarded the prime minister's official residence. With loyalist troops overwhelmed, Mossadegh was taken into hiding by his aides, narrowly escaping the mob that set in to ransack his house. The following day, he surrendered himself at the Officers' Club, where General Zahedi had been set up with makeshift headquarters by the CIA. Zahedi announced an order for his arrest on the radio, and Mosaddegh was transferred to a military jail shortly after. 7446: 1261:. Demonstrations erupted in Tehran after Mosaddegh was elected, with crowds further invigorated by the speeches of members from the National Front. There was a special focus on the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the heavy involvement of foreign actors and influences in Iranian affairs. Although Iran was not officially a colony or a protectorate, it was still heavily controlled by foreign powers beginning with concessions provided by the Qajar Shahs and leading up to the oil agreement signed by 1305: 1417:(the 30th of Tir on the Iranian calendar), military commanders ordered their troops back to barracks, fearful of over-straining the enlisted men's loyalty, and left Tehran in the hands of the protesters. Frightened by the unrest, the Shah asked for Qavam's resignation, and re-appointed Mosaddegh to form a government, granting him control over the Ministry of War he had previously demanded. The Shah asked whether he should step down as monarch, but Mosaddegh declined. 1465:

peasants' share of production. This weakened the landed aristocracy by imposing a 20% tax on their income—of which 20% was diverted back to the crop-sharing tenants and their rural banks, and also by levying heavy fines for compelling peasants to work without wages. Mosaddegh attempted to abolish Iran's centuries-old feudal agriculture sector by replacing it with a system of collective farming and government land ownership, which centralised power in his government.

8757: 7436: 1426: 1011: 996: 1921: 1630:, who was involved in the plot to remove Mossadegh from power, in early August, Iranian CIA operatives pretending to be socialists and nationalists threatened Muslim leaders with "savage punishment if they opposed Mossadegh", thereby giving the impression that Mossadegh was cracking down on dissent earlier than planned, and stirring anti-Mossadegh sentiments within the religious community. A 2027: 1291:"pull out its employees" and told owners of oil tanker ships that "receipts from the Iranian government would not be accepted on the world market." Two months later the AIOC evacuated its technicians and closed down the oil installations. Under nationalised management, many refineries lacked the trained technicians that were needed to continue production. The British government announced a 1333:

from literate voters and increased the representation of the urban population. The opposition defeated the bill, on the grounds that it would "unjustly discriminate patriots who had been voting for the last forty years", thus leaving the National Front to compete against conservatives, royalists, and tribal leaders alike in the upcoming election.

3331:, p. 290: "He also became known for his support of parliamentary democracy and his strong opposition to foreign activities in Iran. Mosaddiq’s impassioned campaign against continued foreign interference in Iran and his warnings about the dangers of abandoning democracy for royal dictatorship attracted widespread support." 2167:, during debates, interviews, and speeches, repeatedly praised Mosaddegh's "secular, democratic government", while commenting on the 1953 CIA-backed coup, stating that it is a "bad example of U.S. foreign policy", resulting in "negative unintended consequences and dictatorships". Another candidate, Governor 53: 1949:

On March 5, 1979, not even a month after the Shah was deposed, hundreds of thousands of Iranians marked the 12th anniversary of Mossadegh's death. In Ahmadabad, where he was buried, Iranian leaders and politicians eulogized him in a way that would've been unthinkable before the Shah's removal. It was

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Zahedi's new government soon reached an agreement with foreign oil companies to form a consortium and "restore the flow of Iranian oil to world markets in substantial quantities", giving the United States and Great Britain the lion's share of the restored British holdings. In return, the US massively

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Though his suggestion was rebuffed by Eisenhower as "paternalistic", Churchill's government had already begun "Operation Boot", and simply waited for the next opportunity to press the Americans. On 28 February 1953, rumours spread by British-backed Iranians that Mosaddegh was trying to exile the Shah

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On 21 December 1953, Mosaddegh was sentenced to three years' solitary confinement in a military prison, well short of the death sentence requested by prosecutors. After hearing the sentence, Mossadegh was reported to have said with a calm voice of sarcasm: "The verdict of this court has increased my

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The Shah finally agreed to Mossadegh's overthrow after Roosevelt said that the United States would proceed with or without him, and formally dismissed the prime minister in a written decree, an act that had been made part of the constitution during the Constitutional Assembly of 1949, convened under

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The plot, known as Operation Ajax, centered on convincing Iran's monarch to issue a decree to dismiss Mosaddegh from office, as he had attempted some months earlier. But the Shah was terrified to attempt such a dangerously unpopular and risky move against Mosaddegh. It would take much persuasion and

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Still enormously popular in late 1951, Mosaddegh called elections, and introduced a modified version of his 1944 electoral reform bill. As his base of support was in urban areas and not in the provinces, the proposed reform no longer barred illiterate voters, but placed them into a separate category

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The confrontation between Iran and Britain escalated as Mosaddegh's government refused to allow the British any involvement in their former enterprise, and Britain made sure Iran could sell no oil, which it considered stolen. In July, Mosaddegh broke off negotiations with AIOC after it threatened to

1997:

stated her regret that Mosaddegh was ousted: "The Eisenhower administration believed its actions were justified for strategic reasons. But the coup was clearly a setback for Iran's political development and it is easy to see now why many Iranians continue to resent this intervention by America." In

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and give the prime minister power to make law was submitted to voters, and it passed with 99 per cent approval, 2,043,300 votes to 1300 votes against. According to historian Mark Gasiorowski, "There were separate polling stations for yes and no votes, producing sharp criticism of Mosaddeq" and that

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Engulfed in a variety of problems following World War II, Britain was unable to resolve the issue single-handedly and looked towards the United States to settle the matter. Initially, the US had opposed British policies. After mediation had failed several times to bring about a settlement, American

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Throughout his career, Mosaddegh strove to increase the power parliament held versus the expansion of the crown's authority. But tension soon began to escalate in the Majlis. Conservative, pro-Shah, and pro-British opponents refused to grant Mosaddegh special powers to deal with the economic crisis

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The British government also threatened legal action against purchasers of oil produced in the Iranian refineries and obtained an agreement with its sister international oil companies not to fill in where the AIOC was boycotting Iran. The entire Iranian oil industry came to a virtual standstill, oil

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The new administration introduced a wide range of social reforms: unemployment compensation was introduced, factory owners were ordered to pay benefits to sick and injured workers, and peasants were freed from forced labour in their landlords' estates. In 1952, Mosaddegh passed the Land Reform Act

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Mosaddegh's overthrow had a direct relationship with the creation of an Islamic revolution and the collapse of the Pahlavi government. America's close relationship with the Shah and the subsequent hostility of the United States to the Islamic Republic and Britain's profitable interventions caused

1928:

Although Mosaddegh was never directly elected as Prime Minister, he enjoyed massive popularity throughout most of his career. Despite beginning to fall out of favour during the later stages of the Abadan Crisis, the secret U.S. overthrow of Mosaddegh served as a rallying point in anti-US protests

1654:

Soon, massive popular protests, aided by Roosevelt's team, took place across the city and elsewhere with tribesmen at the ready to assist the coup, with anti- and pro-monarchy protesters, both being paid by Roosevelt. By paying mobs to demonstrate, tricking Mossadegh into urging his supporters to

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Declassified documents released by the CIA in 2017 revealed that—after the Shah had fled to Italy—CIA headquarters believed the coup to have failed. Following the initial failed coup by the foreign-backed General Fazlollah Zahedi, the CIA sent Roosevelt a telegram on 18 August 1953 telling him to

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Though the Shah had only initiated land reform in January 1951, where all territory inherited by the Crown was sold to peasants at 20% of the assessed value over a payment period of 25 years, Mosaddegh decreed a new land reform law to supersede it, establishing village councils and increasing the

1453:

In addition to the reform program, which intended to make changes to a broad region of laws covering elections, financial institutions, employment, the judiciary, the press, education, health, and communications services, Mosaddegh tried to limit the monarchy's powers, cutting the Shah's personal

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Our long years of negotiations with foreign countries... have yielded no results thus far. With the oil revenues, we could meet our entire budget and combat poverty, disease, and backwardness among our people. Another important consideration is that by the elimination of the power of the British

1980:

Eventually, the CIA's involvement with the coup was exposed. This caused controversy within the organisation and the CIA congressional hearings of the 1970s. CIA supporters maintained that the coup was strategically necessary and praised the efficiency of the agents responsible. Critics say the

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its assets. Mosaddegh saw the AIOC as an arm of the British government controlling much of the oil in Iran, pushing him to seize what the British had built in Iran. The next month, a committee of five majlis deputies was sent to Khuzistan to enforce the nationalisation. Mosaddegh justified his

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More popular than ever, a greatly strengthened Mosaddegh introduced a single-clause bill to parliament to grant him emergency "dictatorial decree" powers for six months to pass "any law he felt necessary for obtaining not only financial solvency, but also electoral, judicial, and educational

1508:

The British government had grown increasingly distressed over Mosaddegh's policies and were especially bitter over the loss of their control of the Iranian oil industry. Repeated attempts to reach a settlement had failed, and, in October 1952, Mosaddegh declared Britain an enemy and cut all

1985:

of 1979 caught the CIA and the U.S. very much off guard (as CIA reporting a mere month earlier predicted no imminent insurrectionary turbulence whatsoever for the Shah's regime) and resulted in the overthrow of the Shah by a fundamentalist faction opposed to the U.S., headed by

1954:

For sixty solid miles, the highway from Tehran to Mossadeq's burial site...transformed into a massive, unbroken daisy chain of cars...In the final seven or eight miles approaching the village, traffic became so gridlocked that mourners were forced to...complete the journey on

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scheme was paranoid, colonial, illegal, and immoral—and truly caused the "blowback" suggested in the pre-coup analysis. The extent of this "blowback", over time, was not completely clear to the CIA, as they had an inaccurate picture of the stability of the Shah's regime. The

1976:

The U.S. role in Mosaddegh's overthrow was not formally acknowledged for many years, although the Eisenhower administration vehemently opposed Mossadegh's policies. President Eisenhower wrote angrily about Mosaddegh in his memoirs, describing him as impractical and naive.

1593:, to draft plans to overthrow Mossadegh. On 4 April 1953, Dulles approved $ 1 million to be used "in any way that would bring about the fall of Mosaddegh". Soon the CIA's Tehran station started to launch a propaganda campaign against Mossadegh. Finally, according to 950:

Before its removal from power, his administration introduced a range of social and political measures such as social security, land reforms and higher taxes including the introduction of taxation on the rent of land. His government's most significant policy was the

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The withdrawal of support for Mosaddegh by the powerful Shia clergy has been regarded as having been motivated by their fear of a communist takeover. Some argue that while many elements of Mosaddegh's coalition abandoned him, it was the loss of support from

2192:, the operative who led MI6's involvement in the coup. According to the newly discovered archive material, Darbyshire was involved in the kidnapping, torture, and assassination of General Mahmoud Afshartous, Mosaddegh's chief of police, and the bribing of 986:

until his death and was buried in his own home so as to prevent a political furor. In 2013, the US government formally acknowledged its role in the coup as being a part of its foreign policy initiatives, including paying protestors and bribing officials.

1635:

the "controversial referendum...gave the CIA's precoup propaganda campaign to show up Mosaddeq as an anti-democratic dictator an easy target". On or around 16 August, Parliament was suspended indefinitely, and Mosaddeq's emergency powers were extended.

1369:: "Realizing that the opposition would take the vast majority of the provincial seats, Mosaddegh stopped the voting as soon as 79 deputies—just enough to form a parliamentary quorum—had been elected." An alternative account is offered by journalist 1945:

in Iranian society and a portent of the Islamic Revolution to come. The loss of the political clerics effectively cut Mosaddegh's connections with the lower middle classes and the Iranian masses which are crucial to any popular movement in Iran.

1480:

Partly through the efforts of Iranians sympathising with the British, and partly in fear of the growing dictatorial powers of the Prime Minister, several former members of Mosaddegh's coalition turned against him, fearing arrest. They included

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residence, until his death on 5 March 1967. He was denied a funeral and was buried in his living room, despite his request to be buried in the public graveyard, beside the victims of the political violence on 30 Tir 1331 (21 July 1952).

1711:

As soon as the coup succeeded, many of Mosaddegh's former associates and supporters were tried, imprisoned, and tortured. Some were sentenced to death and executed. The minister of foreign affairs and the closest associate of Mosaddegh,

1990:. In retrospect, not only did the CIA and the U.S. underestimate the extent of popular discontent for the Shah, but much of that discontent historically stemmed from the removal of Mosaddegh and the subsequent clientelism of the Shah. 894: 772: 1171:. He gave a speech in the Majlis, praising Reza Khan's achievements as prime minister while encouraging him to respect the constitution and stay as the prime minister. On 12 December 1925, the Majlis deposed the young Shah 7402: 4558: 843: 1476:

However, during this time Iranians were "becoming poorer and unhappier by the day", in large part due to the British-led boycott. As Mosaddegh's political coalition began to fray, his enemies increased in number.

5148: 1301:, where, on 15 October 1951, Mosaddegh declared that "the petroleum industry has contributed nothing to well-being of the people or to the technological progress or industrial development of my country." 6174: 844: 8213: 1658:

The protests turned increasingly violent, leaving almost 300 dead, at which point the pro-monarchy leadership, led by retired army General and former Minister of Interior in Mosaddegh's cabinet,

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and from there hid safely in Rome. He actually signed two decrees, one dismissing Mosaddegh and the other nominating the CIA's choice, General Zahedi, as Prime Minister. These decrees, called

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was elected President. In November and December, British intelligence officials suggested to American intelligence that the Iranian prime minister should be ousted. British prime minister

7624: 8101: 2334:, which is a grammatical marker linking two words together. It is not indicated in writing, and is not part of the name itself, but is used when a first and last name are used together. 1461:

However, six months proved not long enough, and Mosaddegh asked for an extension in January 1953, successfully pressing Parliament to extend his emergency powers for another 12 months.

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newspaper under the title "A friendly suggestion to the great nation of Iran", urging the authorities of the time to use best judgment during the trial regarding a man like Mosaddegh.

1639:

flee Iran immediately, but Roosevelt ignored it and began work on the second coup, circulating a false account that Mossadegh attempted to seize the throne and bribed Iranian agents.

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which forced landlords to place 20% of their revenue into a development fund. This development fund paid for various projects such as public baths, rural housing, and pest control.

1517:

converted its ships to use oil as fuel, the corporation was considered vital to British national security, and the company's profits partially alleviated Britain's budget deficit.

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assess new archive material about the 1953 CIA-backed coup of Mossadegh. The documentary's primary contribution is to uncover the extent of MI6 involvement, particularly that of

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caused by the sharp drop in revenue and voiced regional grievances against the capital Tehran, while the National Front waged "a propaganda war against the landed upper class".

8899: 7594: 6167: 2196:, the twin sister of Shah Reza Pahlavi, to obtain the Shah's approval for the coup. The British government has never admitted its involvement in the overthrow of Mosaddegh. 7922: 7647: 5609: 5579: 1513:

had the exclusive rights to Iranian oil. Earlier in 1914, the British government had purchased 51% of its shares and became the majority shareholder. After the British

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nationalisation policy by claiming Iran was "the rightful owner..." of all the oil in Iran, and also pointing out Iran could use the money, in a 21 June 1951 speech:

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budget, forbidding him to communicate directly with foreign diplomats, transferring royal lands back to the state and expelling the Shah's politically active sister

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reforms", in order to implement his nine-point reform program to bypass the stalled negotiations of the nationalisation of the oil industry. On 3 August 1952, the

1603:, and put the finishing touches on the strategy. Soon afterward, according to his later published accounts, the chief of the CIA's Near East and Africa division, 7549: 3946: 2268: 1218:'s (AIOC) operations in Iran. In 1947 Mossadegh once again announced retirement, after an electoral-reform bill he had proposed failed to pass through Majlis. 852: 834: 8586: 8243: 2848: 2273: 1054: 672: 8651: 7579: 4644: 1536:

suggested to the incoming Eisenhower administration that Mosaddegh, despite the latter's open dislike of communism, would become reliant on the pro-Soviet

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reduced Iran's oil income to almost nothing, putting a severe strain on the implementation of Mosaddegh's promised domestic reforms. At the same time,

1116:. However, he was unable to assume his seat, because he had not reached the legal age of 30. During this period he also served as deputy leader of the 1069:(Sciences Po). He studied there for two years, returning to Iran because of illness in 1911. After two months, Mosaddegh returned to Europe to study a 8301: 7756: 7574: 5651: 1631: 1341: 1253:) elected Mosaddegh by a vote of 79–12. The Shah was aware of Mosaddegh's rising popularity and political power, after a period of assassinations by 4573: 4009: 2891:

She was also known as Zahra Khanum (literally: Princess Zahra), and after the death of her mother, she inherited her title name of Zi'a es-Saltaneh.

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martial law, at which time the power of the monarchy was increased in various ways by the Shah himself. As a precautionary measure, he flew to

1085:. In June 1913, Mosaddegh received his doctorate and in doing so became the first Iranian to receive a PhD in Law from a European university. 8869: 8193: 4301: 2160: 1737:

historical glories. I am extremely grateful you convicted me. Truly tonight the Iranian nation understood the meaning of constitutionalism."

1683:, played a major role in giving legitimacy to the coup, and were further spread by CIA officials. On 22 August, the Shah returned from Rome. 1046: 3831: 8854: 8311: 7741: 6187: 5300: 1329:

doubled their production in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq, to make up for lost production in Iran so that no hardship was felt in Britain.

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stay home, and bribing and mobilising officers against Mossadegh, he was able to force a military confrontation outside Mossadegh's home.

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Mosaddegh became aware of the plots against him and grew increasingly wary of conspirators acting within his government. According to

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Despatch From the Embassy in Iran to the Department of State, No. 198 "The Ambassador in Iran (Henderson) to the Department of State"

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Despatch From the Embassy in Iran to the Department of State, No. 337 "Popularity and Prestige of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosadeq"

8656: 7960: 2486: 1565: 1128:, he relocated to Switzerland, from where he returned the following year after being invited by the new Iranian prime minister, 8814: 8346: 8203: 7932: 7811: 7714: 7506: 7496: 6342: 1623:

many US-funded meetings, which included bribing his sister Ashraf with a mink coat and money, to successfully change his mind.

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The Cold War, 1945–1991: Leaders and other important figures in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, and the Third World

1317:

production dropping almost 96% from 664,000 barrels (105,600 m) in 1950 to 27,000 barrels (4,300 m) in 1952. This

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and appoint Reza Khan the new Shah. Mossadegh voted against such a move, arguing that such an act was a subversion of the

821: 8934: 7875: 7709: 5708: 4794: 4741: 1560: 8949: 8944: 8864: 8804: 8636: 8498: 8161: 7589: 5105: 5015: 4925: 4531: 3992: 3075: 2443: 2418: 2389: 1089: 3906: 8849: 8834: 8326: 8306: 8269: 8188: 8074: 8069: 7950: 7461: 6335: 5584: 5282: 5265: 5248: 5232: 5213: 5199: 5185: 5140: 5076: 5057: 5036: 4977: 4904: 4880: 4480: 4059: 3710: 2788: 2628: 2601: 2539: 1890: 1874: 1836: 1820: 1801: 1783: 1716:, was executed by order of the Shah's military court. The order was carried out by firing squad on 10 November 1954. 1362: 1227: 1105: 1042:. Mosaddegh himself later bore the same title, by which he was still known to some long after titles were abolished. 916: 912: 904: 17: 2156:

was released in 2011. It features the player playing as Mosaddegh's cat reversing Mosaddegh's life to the beginning.

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blockade and embargo, reinforced its naval force in the Persian Gulf and lodged complaints against Iran before the

4595: 2730: 1214:, aiming to establish democracy and end the foreign presence in Iranian politics, especially by nationalising the 8596: 8413: 8064: 8007: 7724: 5665: 3184: 3059: 2243: 2199:

In neighbouring Afghanistan, support and sympathy for Mosaddegh was evident in a 1953 article in the Kabul-based

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Elite-Counterelite Conflict and the Development of a Revolutionary Movement: The Case of Iranian National Front

2258: 1132:(Moshir-ed-Dowleh), to become his minister of justice. While en route to Tehran, he was asked by the people of 7537: 4284: 1446:

voted in approval, and elected Ayatollah Kashani as House Speaker. Kashani's Islamic scholars, as well as the

8829: 7937: 7865: 7542: 7214: 4092: 3928: 2559: 1410: 979: 944: 703: 2928: 8198: 8183: 7841: 7569: 6623: 5784: 5744: 4178: 3947:"Secrets of History: The C.I.A. in Iran – A special report.; How a Plot Convulsed Iran in '53 (and in '79)" 1168: 1026:, and his mother, Princess Malek Taj Najm-es-Saltaneh, was the granddaughter of the reformist Qajar prince 975: 617: 329: 4617: 3817: 3754:

First Progress Report on Paragraph 5-1 of NSC 136/1, "U.S. Policy Regarding the Current Situation in Iran"

2460: 1450:, proved to be two of Mosaddegh's key political allies, although relations with both were often strained. 8889: 8779: 8468: 8316: 8208: 7895: 7604: 7162: 4229: 2112: 1586: 932: 4121: 3780:

Measures which the United States Government Might Take in Support of a Successor Government to Mosaddegh

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Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini

2248: 1510: 1273: 1215: 956: 3504: 899:; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 30th 8698: 8458: 8341: 8336: 8296: 8258: 8017: 7821: 7697: 7339: 5713: 5698: 5359: 2223: 6152: 4696: 1617:

Clandestine Service History – Overthrow of Premier Mosaddegh of Iran – November 1952 – August 1953

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and declared Reza Shah the new monarch of the Imperial State of Persia, and the first Shah of the

7955: 7692: 7677: 6358: 6224: 6209: 5718: 5703: 4790: 4737: 3865:, George Washington University, quoting National security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 28 2074: 1125: 709: 4407: 4401: 4346: 1525:

concluded that the British were "destructive, and determined on a rule-or-ruin policy in Iran."

1022:, on 16 June 1882; his father, Mirza Hideyatu'llah Ashtiani, was the finance minister under the 8884: 8723: 8606: 8263: 8253: 8126: 7776: 7687: 7682: 7667: 6844: 6738: 6117: 5660: 5446: 5419: 4376: 4370: 3778: 3752: 3724: 3037: 1195: 900: 715: 68: 4915: 3612: 3596: 3292: 3085: 8641: 8591: 8463: 8178: 8173: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8111: 7870: 7816: 6713: 6492: 6432: 6416: 6274: 6262: 5907: 5887: 5871: 5819: 5512: 5223: 4723: 3069: 2968: 2794: 2263: 2238: 1663: 1604: 1390: 1258: 1187: 971: 940: 721: 284: 272: 186: 134: 89: 5206:

Daughter of Persia: A Woman's Journey from Her Father's Harem through the Islamic Revolution

3916: 2048: 8794: 8789: 8563: 8042: 8032: 7826: 7599: 7527: 7205: 6878: 6754: 6685: 6665: 6661: 6647: 6516: 5814: 2233: 2228: 2152: 2088: 1745: 1529: 1396: 1254: 936: 690: 8: 7806: 7657: 7501: 7377: 6293: 6127: 5967: 5897: 5877: 5839: 5794: 5764: 5749: 5729: 4935: 3213: 3118: 2139:, directed by Roozbeh Dadvand, was released in 2011. The role of Mosaddegh was played by 2111:, which deals with the life of the Shah's second wife and former Queen of Iran, Princess 1938: 1190:. In 1944, Mosaddegh was once again elected to parliament. This time he took the lead of 1121: 1117: 1034:. When Mosaddegh's father died in 1892, his uncle was appointed the tax collector of the 1031: 920: 395: 5391: 4815: 978:

with the British, which gave split ownership of Iranian oil production between Iran and

8708: 8683: 8518: 8493: 8453: 8443: 8393: 8363: 8248: 8223: 7801: 7652: 6607: 6540: 6508: 6112: 6063: 6058: 6048: 6028: 5932: 5882: 5488: 5471: 5333: 5325: 4862: 4622: 4234: 4160: 3887: 3547: 3478: 3470: 2685: 2677: 2168: 2000: 1994: 1987: 1982: 1930: 1705: 1662:, interceded, joined with underground figures such as the Rashidian brothers and local 1608: 1595: 1582: 1403: 1309: 1050: 1039: 486: 4030: 3196: 1065:

In 1909, Mosaddegh pursued education abroad in Paris, France, where he studied at the

1018:

Mosaddegh was born to a prominent Persian family of high officials in Ahmedabad, near

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pessimism for Iranians, stirring nationalism and suspicion of foreign interference.

1724: 1686: 8736: 8713: 8703: 8676: 8671: 8621: 8616: 8528: 8448: 8331: 8166: 7970: 7942: 7704: 7554: 7522: 7018: 6958: 6886: 6697: 6673: 6669: 6231: 6068: 6013: 5804: 5779: 5456: 5309: 5239: 5192:

Empire and Nationhood: The United States, Great Britain, and Iranian Oil, 1950–1954

4868: 4144: 4034: 3883: 3462: 2988: 2661: 2124: 1969: 1941:

and another cleric that was fatal to his cause, reflective of the dominance of the

1659: 1249:

On 28 April 1951, the Shah confirmed Mosaddegh as Prime Minister after the Majlis (

1203: 1172: 1152:

in the government of Moshir-ed-Dowleh in June 1923. He then became governor of the

1149: 1141: 1004: 887: 875: 467: 423: 371: 305: 248: 220: 113: 5153: 4337: 4126:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952-1954, Iran, 1951–1954, Second Edition

3451:"An Experiment with Civilian Dictatorship in Iran; The Case of Mohammed Mossadegh" 2098:

The figure of Mosaddegh was an important element in the 2003 French TV production

1950:

estimated that the crowd in size was over one million. The event was described as:

1179:. Mosaddegh then retired from politics, due to disagreements with the new regime. 8428: 8408: 8388: 8378: 7975: 7905: 7851: 7719: 7322: 7246: 7170: 6986: 6866: 6858: 6824: 6730: 6722: 6709: 6599: 6548: 6532: 6524: 6456: 6424: 6384: 6018: 5993: 5982: 5629: 5412: 5253: 5047: 4991: 4939: 4341: 2193: 2116: 2078: 1690: 1679: 1482: 1176: 442: 346: 146: 6693: 4829: 3860: 2798: 2004:

published a detailed report about the coup based on declassified CIA documents.

1473:, which had been agitating the peasants by criticising his lack of land reform. 1276:, cancelling its oil concession, which was otherwise set to expire in 1993, and 1198:, created in 1949), an organisation he had founded with nineteen others such as 8543: 8538: 8358: 7831: 7349: 7312: 7222: 7187: 7133: 7068: 7064: 7002: 6898: 6882: 6783: 6615: 6460: 6448: 6440: 6400: 6090: 6038: 5962: 5947: 5937: 5522: 5270: 5218: 5001: 4350:. 4. Vol. VIII. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 345–355 2703: 2532:

Evolving Iran: An Introduction to Politics and Problems in the Islamic Republic

2352:

Sources differ, either 79, 81, or 88 seats (Collier 2017) were elected in 1952.

2164: 2129: 1713: 1498: 1455: 1370: 1336: 1242: 1199: 1113: 924: 908: 5313: 5290:, edited by Mark J. Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne. Translated into Persian as 5026: 4800: 4747: 3466: 2665: 955:, which had been built by the British on Persian lands since 1913 through the 8773: 8513: 8488: 8483: 8438: 8433: 8423: 8418: 8398: 8383: 7445: 7361: 7296: 7287: 7166: 7152: 7089: 7072: 7060: 6994: 6978: 6974: 6950: 6934: 6828: 6816: 6701: 6681: 6677: 6657: 6500: 6476: 6392: 5844: 5829: 5809: 5754: 5591: 5321: 5169: 4156: 2778: 2673: 2616: 2181: 1666: 1647: 1627: 1486: 1318: 1277: 1211: 1164: 1137: 1129: 1023: 479: 446: 383: 260: 1933:, and to this day he is one of the most popular figures in Iranian history. 1413:

called on the people to wage a "holy war" against Qavam. The following day,

1304: 8601: 8533: 8503: 8403: 7389: 7304: 7283: 7270: 7262: 7238: 7230: 7113: 7105: 7050: 6918: 6862: 6808: 6787: 6762: 6591: 6468: 6408: 6327: 6305: 6248: 5892: 5859: 5556: 4452: 2373: 2185: 2128:, Malick (Victor McCay) references Mosaddegh and the coup as he and Bates ( 2084: 2052: 1741: 1729: 1590: 1522: 1207: 983: 680: 1699:, and confidant of Dr. Mossadegh at Mossadegh's trial after the 1953 coup. 1469:

indicates that Mosaddegh saw this as a means of checking the power of the

8626: 8553: 8523: 8508: 8473: 7564: 7334: 7326: 6926: 6890: 6874: 6836: 6003: 5957: 5952: 5942: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5834: 5824: 5439: 5429: 4987: 4872: 4613: 4139:

Ahmed, Eqbal (1980). "What's Behind the Crises in Iran and Afghanistan".

3565: 3521:

Zabih, Sepehr. The Mosaddegh Era: Roots of the Iranian Revolution, p. 65.

3365:

Mosaddegh: The Years of Struggle and Opposition by Col. Gholamreza Nejati

2901: 2728: 2555: 2144: 1537: 1470: 1466: 1447: 1145: 1093: 1082: 1027: 797: 435: 317: 158: 101: 5224:

All The Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror

5007:

All the Shah's men: an American coup and the roots of Middle East terror

4968:

Collier, David R. (2017). "Mossadegh and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Crisis".

4674: 4550:"British diplomats tried to suppress details of a MI6 role in Iran coup" 3551: 3535: 8548: 8373: 8321: 8089: 7381: 7201: 7125: 7042: 6870: 6791: 6564: 6195: 5977: 5902: 5675: 5069:

Oil, Power, and Principle: Iran's Oil Nationalization and Its Aftermath

4896:

The Coup: 1953, the CIA, and the Roots of Modern U.S.-Iranian Relations

4202:

The Modern Middle East: A Political History Since the First World War,

3474: 1514: 805: 654: 52: 5329: 4218:

by L.P. Elwell-Sutton. 1955. Lawrence and Wishart Ltd. London. p. 315.

4164: 3450: 2783:(PhD thesis). Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. p. 19. 2681: 2649: 1010: 8729: 7369: 7357: 7117: 6256: 6237: 6033: 5849: 5621: 5571: 4894: 4816:"Martin O'Malley: Imagine If Iran Had Continued on a Democratic Path" 2041: 1541: 1434: 1262: 1160: 982:

until 1979. Mosaddegh was imprisoned for three years, then put under

3832:"Documents reveal new details about CIA's role in 1953 coup in Iran" 3237:"International Oil--Shortage, Cartel or Emerging Resource Monopoly?" 1237: 7767:

Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites

7662: 7179: 7097: 6779: 6182: 4148: 3836: 2343:"Older people still speak of Dr. Musaddiq as Musaddiqu's-Saltanah." 2037: 1545: 1312:

in their first meeting after Mossadegh's election as Prime Minister

1293: 4459:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952-1954, Iran, 1951–1954

4073:"Pahlavani: Misinformation, Misconceptions and Misrepresentations" 3509:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952-1954, Iran, 1951–1954

2756:"In declassified document, CIA acknowledges role in '53 Iran coup" 2331: 1920: 1365:

before rural votes could be fully counted. According to historian

7980: 7330: 7254: 5240:

Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq

5178:

U.S. Foreign Policy and the Shah: Building a Client State in Iran

4970:

Democracy and the Nature of American Influence in Iran, 1941-1979

4473:

The Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and the Death of Democracy

2594:

U.S. Foreign Policy and the Shah: Building a Client State in Iran

2218: 2176: 1695: 1674: 1109: 8214:

Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act

1642: 1425: 8102:

Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)

5114:

Berkeley: University of California Press, c 1993. 0-520-08173-0

3750: 2132:) try to deal with the situation at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. 1600: 1443: 1326: 1133: 1019: 995: 855:

from the Library, Museum and Document Center of Iran Parliament

676: 650: 4574:"64 Years Later, CIA Finally Releases Details of Iranian Coup" 4338:"Elections I. Under the Qajar and Pahlavi Monarchies, 1906–79" 4010:"64 Years Later, CIA Finally Releases Details of Iranian Coup" 2729:

Saeed Kamali Dehghan; Richard Norton-Taylor (19 August 2013).

7965: 5298:

Gasiorowski, Mark J. (1987). "The 1953 Coup D'etat in Iran".

4275:

by L.P. Elwell-Sutton. 1955. Lawrence and Wishart Ltd. London

4122:

Record of Meeting in the Central Intelligence Agency, No. 307

3741:

Statement of policy proposed by the National Security Council

3346: 3334: 3255: 2411:

Chaos: A Study on Life and Character of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq

1942: 4465: 3726:

United States policy regarding the current situation in Iran

3429: 3427: 3387: 3385: 3272: 3270: 3142: 3140: 3091: 1038:

and was bestowed with the title of Mosaddegh-os-Saltaneh by

7435: 7197: 6285: 6100: 4453:

Roy M. Melbourne First Secretary of Embassy (1 July 1953).

3613:

https://archive.org/details/allshahsmenameri00kinz/page/159

3597:

https://archive.org/details/allshahsmenameri00kinz/page/135

3293:

https://archive.org/details/allshahsmenameri00kinz/page/150

2487:"The United States Overthrew Iran's Last Democratic Leader" 2384:] (in Persian). Los Angeles, CA: Ketab Co. p. 25. 1574:

1953 Iranian coup d'état § Execution of Operation Ajax

1186:

was forced by the British to abdicate in favour of his son

7585:

Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani

3797: 927:

aided by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom (

7891:

United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil

4242: 3964: 3917:

https://archive.org/details/allshahsmenameri00kinz/page/7

3424: 3402: 3400: 3382: 3370: 3267: 3137: 2382:

A Glance at the Political Career of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq

1615:

made partial publication of a leaked CIA document titled

990: 928: 8117:

Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections

8023:

December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria

3641:"No traction for proposal to name street after Mosaddeq" 3162:. University of California Press, Berkeley 1954, p. 268. 3125: 2943: 2748: 2214:

The nationalisation of the Iranian oil industry movement

7550:

Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights

5119:

The Persian Night: Iran under the Khomeinist Revolution

2875: 2873: 2485:

Gasiorowski, Roham Alvandi, Mark J. (30 October 2019).

1322: 964: 8905:

People who have been placed under house arrest in Iran

8234:

Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act

4777:"Bernie Sanders, Dr. Mossadegh, and US foreign policy" 4102: 3683: 3643:. Mehr News Agency. 9 September 2008. News ID: 2820572 3397: 3310: 3298: 3006: 2817: 2776: 1395:

On 16 July 1952, during the royal approval of his new

8900:

Deputies of Tehran for National Consultative Assembly

8587:

Academic relations between Iran and the United States

8244:

United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran

3412: 2575: 2573: 1420: 1373:: Beginning in the early 1950s under the guidance of 8652:

Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America

7580:

Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei

2870: 2560:"The C.I.A. in Iran: First Few Days Look Disastrous" 7797:

Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner

4801:"Bernie Sanders – The Young Turks Interview (FULL)" 4433:"Six Myths about the Coup against Iran's Mossadegh" 3211: 2982:"The life of Mirza Hassan Khan, Mostofi Al Mamalek" 2829: 2433: 2413:] (in Persian). Tehran: Ney. pp. 146–155. 2083:. Others considered for that year's title included 1163:in the Majlis proposed legislation to dissolve the 5659: 5147: 5098:Mohammad Réza Pahlavi, le dernier shah – 1919–1980 4548: 4128:(Report). Office of the Historian. 28 August 1953. 3018: 2722: 2621:The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power 2570: 2115:. Mosaddegh's role was played by the French actor 1704:funded the Shah's resulting government, until the 1544:" and towards the Soviet sphere at a time of high 1540:, resulting in Iran "increasingly turning towards 1361:His government came under scrutiny for ending the 1108:of 1905–07. At the age of 24, he was elected from 8910:Iranian elected officials who did not take office 8302:Iranian Students Association in the United States 4052:Countercoup: The Struggle for the Control of Iran 3751:Walter B. Smith, Undersecretary (20 March 1953), 2805: 1112:to the newly inaugurated Persian Parliament, the 960: 8771: 7837:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 4571: 4524:America and Iran: A History, 1720 to the Present 4007: 3892:. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 366–367. 3722: 3502: 2529: 1568:in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, 1951 1528:The American position shifted in late 1952 when 1104:Mosaddegh started his political career with the 4944:. University of California Press. p. 110. 4798: 4748:"Bernie Sanders on Regime Change and Mossadegh" 3536:"The Problem of Land-Reform in the Middle East" 2710:. The National Security Archive. 19 August 2013 2534:. Georgetown University Press. pp. 85–86. 2407:آشوب: مطالعه‌ای در زندگی و شخصیت دکتر محمد مصدق 8048:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 8028:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad 7998:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports 7886:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq 7575:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush 7487:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz 7482:Interests Section of Iran in the United States 5479:Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces 853:Recorded in the National Consultative Assembly 8194:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act 7418: 6343: 6168: 5645: 4593: 3862:The Secret CIA History of the Iran Coup, 1953 3858: 3215:Oil Industry II. Iran's Oil and Gas Resources 1650:played a major role in Mossadegh's overthrow. 1232: 923:, until his government was overthrown in the 8312:Organization of Iranian American Communities 6357: 5392:Mohammad Mosaddegh and the 1953 Coup in Iran 5301:International Journal of Middle East Studies 5258:Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution 5204:Sattareh Farman Farmaian & Dona Munker, 4308:. University of Arkansas (Political Science) 4285:Eccentric Nationalist Begets Strange History 4046: 4044: 3703:Mohammad Mosaddegh and the 1953 Coup in Iran 3664:"The Coup Against Iran's Mohammad Mossadegh" 2654:International Journal of Middle East Studies 2510:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1156:. In 1923, he was re-elected to the Majlis. 578:11 February 1924 – 11 February 1926 8667:United States and state-sponsored terrorism 7533:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry 5297: 5288:Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran 5275:Musaddiq and the Struggle for Power in Iran 5112:Khomeinism: essays on the Islamic Republic. 4760:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4637: 4612: 4572:Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (18 March 2024). 3985:Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 coup in Iran 3982: 3540:Pakistan Institute of International Affairs 3529: 3527: 3444: 3442: 3212:Badakhshan, A.; Najmabadi, F. (July 2004), 2647: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2591: 2554: 2484: 2404: 1924:Stamp commemorating Mossadegh's birth, 1980 1611:, arrived in Tehran to direct it. In 2000, 1503: 1384: 953:nationalisation of the Iranian oil industry 297:30 September 1921 – 8 October 1921 8662:United States involvement in regime change 8647:Opposition to military action against Iran 8219:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act 8060:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 7425: 7411: 6350: 6336: 6175: 6161: 5652: 5638: 5394:—Book and declassified documents from the 4963:(4 ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 4889: 4857: 4521: 4448: 4446: 4399: 4368: 4248: 4008:Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (20 June 2017). 3970: 3882: 3786:, George Washington University, March 1953 3680:, Princeton University Press, 1980, p. 42. 3433: 3391: 3376: 3352: 3340: 3276: 3261: 3160:The Anglo-Iranian Oil Dispute of 1951–1952 3146: 2949: 2525: 2523: 2521: 1589:, which was headed by his younger brother 1485:, head of the worker-based Toilers party; 1433:: "Iran has won", featuring Mosaddegh and 1409:On the fourth day of mass demonstrations, 415:21 November 1921 – 7 January 1922 51: 8013:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone 7747:International Maritime Security Construct 5294:by Ali Morshedizad, Ghasidehsara Pub. Co. 5145: 5133:Mohammad Mossadegh; A Political Biography 4958: 4594:Norton-Taylor, Richard (19 August 2013). 4486: 4206:, 2011-01-03, by Mehran Kamrava, page 148 4041: 3328: 3131: 3097: 2596:. Cornell University Press. p. 166. 2016: 1492: 1356:"Dr. Mosaddegh facing political problems" 1221: 1099: 637:Mirza Mohammad-Khan Mossadegh-ol-Saltaneh 8632:International Conference on Hollywoodism 7858:America can't do a damn thing against us 7477:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran 7467:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States 7286:/ Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / 5010:. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. 4618:"Secrets of History: The C.I.A. in Iran" 4589: 4587: 4430: 3533: 3524: 3448: 3439: 2634: 1963: 1919: 1723: 1685: 1641: 1559: 1424: 1335: 1303: 1236: 1009: 994: 459:11 October 1920 – 22 March 1921 363:17 February 1922 – 12 July 1922 240:30 May 1923 – 23 September 1923 27:Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953 8352:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 5071:. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. 5045: 5028:Mohammad Mossadegh: Political biography 4967: 4934: 4913: 4606: 4546: 4443: 4336:Azimi, Fakhreddin (13 December 2011) . 4108: 4088: 4086: 3818:"How the CIA toppled Iranian democracy" 3815: 3705:, Syracuse University Press, May 2004. 3572:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 40. 3564: 3558: 3406: 3316: 3304: 3241:Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 3012: 2979: 2973: 2835: 2823: 2518: 2461:"How the CIA toppled Iranian democracy" 2458: 1096:before beginning his political career. 750: 1901; died 1965) 14: 8772: 8347:National Council of Resistance of Iran 7507:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group 5208:. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2006. 5000: 4774: 4745: 4596:"CIA admits role in 1953 Iranian coup" 4517: 4515: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4273:Persian Oil: A Study in Power Politics 4227: 4216:Persian Oil: A Study in Power Politics 4114: 4001: 3912: 3859:Malcolm Byrne, ed. (2 November 2000), 3803: 3701:Mark J. Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne 3608: 3592: 3496: 3418: 3288: 3234: 3081: 3065: 2964: 2918: 2731:"CIA admits role in 1953 Iranian coup" 2579: 2530:Rieffer-Flanagan, Barbara Ann (2013). 2372: 2161:2016 Democratic presidential primaries 1719: 1509:diplomatic relations. Since 1935, the 1148:(Qavam os-Saltaneh) in 1921, and then 991:Early life, education and early career 974:returned to power, and negotiated the 557:11 July 1926 – 13 August 1928 499:25 April 1950 – 27 April 1951 178:21 July 1952 – 19 August 1953 81:21 July 1952 – 19 August 1953 8860:Moderate Socialists Party politicians 8689:American Institute of Iranian Studies 8276:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity 8055:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape 7406: 6331: 6156: 5633: 4986: 4645:"Mohammad Mosaddegh, Man of the Year" 4584: 4561:from the original on 12 January 2022. 4431:Carlston, Morgan (2 September 2014). 4406:. Syracuse University Press. p. 4375:. Syracuse University Press. p. 4335: 4278: 4138: 3944: 3723:James S. Lay Jr. (20 November 1952), 2960: 2958: 2879: 2855:, London, 4 June 2003, archived from 2704:"CIA Confirms Role in 1953 Iran Coup" 2378:نگاهی به کارنامه سیاسی دکتر محمد مصدق 1272:On 1 May, Mosaddegh nationalised the 1067:Institut d'études politiques de Paris 886: 528:7 March 1944 – 12 March 1946 126:28 April 1951 – 16 July 1952 8870:Leaders of the National Front (Iran) 8135:United States sanctions against Iran 7928:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot 7923:United States diplomatic cables leak 7472:Embassy of the United States, Tehran 6763:The Generation Twenty-Five and Under 5024: 4093:C.I.A. and Moscow Are Both Surprised 4083: 3922: 3024: 2811: 2020: 1752: 8855:Democrat Party (Persia) politicians 7876:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal 5096:Yves Bomati et Houchang Nahavandi: 5066: 4961:A History of the Modern Middle East 4813: 4512: 4320: 4228:Hangen, Welles (22 December 1952). 3929:Trying to Persuade a Reluctant Shah 3689: 3661: 3503:Loy W. Henderson (11 August 1952). 2980:Baktiar, Salar (24 November 2004). 970:In the aftermath of the overthrow, 915:, and served through a contentious 879: 24: 8930:Members of the 16th Iranian Majlis 8925:Members of the 14th Iranian Majlis 8820:Iranian expatriates in Switzerland 8637:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism 8499:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran 7715:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran 7590:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 7497:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal 5194:, Columbia University Press,1997, 5180:, Cornell University Press, 1991, 5086: 4920:. Osprey Publishing. p. 449. 4526:. Vintage Books (published 2021). 4461:(Report). Office of the Historian. 4403:Labor unions and autocracy in Iran 4372:Labor unions and autocracy in Iran 3987:. Syracuse: Syracuse Univ. Press. 3840:. Associated Press. 20 August 2013 3511:(Report). Office of the Historian. 2955: 1993:In March 2000, Secretary of State 1421:Reinstatement and emergency powers 1090:Tehran School of Political Science 903:from 1951 to 1953, elected by the 25: 8961: 8920:Members of the 6th Iranian Majlis 8915:Members of the 5th Iranian Majlis 8327:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 8307:National Iranian American Council 8270:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran 8229:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act 8070:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 7462:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C. 5379: 4799:The Young Turks (23 March 2016). 4230:"Mossadegh Gets 3-Year Jail Term" 4185:, Associated Press, 6 August 1954 3624: 3198:Security Council Official Records 2180:, a 2021 documentary, co-writers 2150:An independent video game called 2087:, General (and future President) 1968:Prime Minister Mosaddegh with US 1632:referendum to dissolve parliament 1555: 1228:Governments of Mohammad Mosaddegh 1106:Iranian Constitutional Revolution 8845:Iranian political party founders 8756: 8755: 8559:Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees 7881:Disappearance of Robert Levinson 7752:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani 7742:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 7737:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 7444: 7434: 5156:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 4822: 4807: 4783: 4775:Picard, Joe (29 February 2016). 4768: 4730: 4708: 4690: 4667: 4651:. 7 January 1951. Archived from 4565: 4540: 4499: 4424: 4393: 4362: 4294: 3816:McQuade, Joseph (27 July 2017). 2919:Kinzer, Stephen (October 2008). 2459:McQuade, Joseph (27 July 2017). 2025: 1049:(1879–1965), a granddaughter of 1001:Abdol-hossein Mirza Farman farma 888:[mohæmˈmæd(-e)mosædˈdeɢ] 841: 820: 487:Member of the Parliament of Iran 8597:Anti-American sentiment in Iran 8085:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes 8065:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 8008:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 7725:February 2019 Warsaw Conference 5260:, Yale University Press, 2003, 5227:, John Wiley & Sons, 2003, 4547:Sanchez, Raf (19 August 2013). 4266: 4261:Mossadegh – A Medical Biography 4254: 4221: 4209: 4196: 4179:"Statements on Iran Oil Accord" 4171: 4132: 4065: 4023: 3976: 3938: 3876: 3852: 3824: 3809: 3771: 3744: 3716: 3695: 3670: 3655: 3633: 3627:Twenty-year-old history of Iran 3618: 3515: 3358: 3322: 3228: 3205: 3185:United Nations Security Council 3178: 3165: 3152: 3103: 3030: 2912: 2894: 2885: 2841: 2777:Hassan Mohammadi Nejad (1970). 2770: 2696: 2610: 2585: 2346: 2337: 2244:Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai 1693:(far right) Editor-in-Chief of 1299:United Nations Security Council 1030:, and a great-granddaughter of 747: 608:Unable to assume office in 1906 8895:University of Neuchâtel alumni 8204:Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act 8003:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 7988:Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani 7648:United States support for Iraq 7492:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs 5164:(3rd ed.). Brill Online. 4941:The life and times of the Shah 4204:University of California Press 3945:Risen, James (16 April 2000). 3760:, George Washington University 3732:, George Washington University 2650:"The 1953 Coup D'etat in Iran" 2548: 2478: 2452: 2427: 2398: 2366: 2324: 2291: 2259:Islamic fundamentalism in Iran 2135:A short 24-minute film titled 2040:format but may read better as 1136:to become the governor of the 13: 1: 8815:Iranian expatriates in France 8075:2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident 6320:indicate interim officeholder 5277:, I B Tauris & Co, 1991, 4972:. Syracuse University Press. 4705:. Retrieved 15 September 2020 4509:, Plume (1997), pp. 203, 204. 4029:Kinkead, Gwen (16 Dec 2010). 3983:Gasiorowski, Mark J. (2004). 3678:The Rise and Fall of the Shah 3449:Efimenco, N. Marbury (1955). 2648:Gasiorowski, Mark J. (1987). 2279: 1939:Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani 1607:the grandson of US President 1411:Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani 1308:Mosaddegh shaking hands with 8840:Iranian critics of religions 8199:Iran Freedom and Support Act 8184:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act 7918:Detention of American hikers 7842:1980 October Surprise theory 7441:Iran–United States relations 5135:. London: Croom Helm, 1986, 4864:Iran Between Two Revolutions 2434:Houchang E. Chehabi (1990). 2405:Bani-Jamali, Ahmad (2008). 2359: 1257:and political unrest by the 1126:Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1919 1060: 976:Consortium Agreement of 1954 710:Anti-Reorganization Democrat 166:Minister of National Defence 7: 8810:Iranian democracy activists 8800:20th-century Iranian people 8785:Commanders-in-chief of Iran 8317:United Against Nuclear Iran 7896:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi 5386:Mohammad Mosaddeq biography 4959:Cleveland, William (2008). 4746:Maz451 (12 February 2016). 2438:. I.B.Tauris. p. 113. 2207: 2113:Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari 1566:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 1159:In 1925, the supporters of 1045:In 1901, Mosaddegh married 691:Ahmadabad-e Mosaddeq Castle 228:Minister of Foreign Affairs 10: 8966: 8935:Mostowfian Ashtiani family 8744:Not for the Faint of Heart 8719:Saint Peter Church, Tehran 8694:American School of Isfahan 8657:State Sponsor of Terrorism 8239:Dames & Moore v. Regan 8080:2022 Erbil missile attacks 7772:Operation Martyr Soleimani 7762:Thirteen revenge scenarios 7732:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 6624:Hungarian Freedom Fighters 6079:Interim Government of Iran 5542:National Movement fraction 5046:Frankel, Benjamin (1992). 4851: 4400:Ladjevardi, Habib (1985). 4369:Ladjevardi, Habib (1985). 3662:ben, cool (31 July 2015). 3038:"Centers of Power in Iran" 2592:Gasiorowski, Mark (1991). 2297:His surname is also spelt 2007: 1571: 1496: 1429:25 July 1952 issue of the 1388: 1233:Election to Prime Minister 1225: 1005:Malek Taj Najm-al-Saltaneh 836:Mohammad Mosaddegh's voice 793:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma 704:Moderate Socialists' Party 8950:Defence ministers of Iran 8945:Foreign ministers of Iran 8865:National Front (Iran) MPs 8805:Finance ministers of Iran 8753: 8582:1998 FIFA World Cup match 8574: 8284: 8189:Iran Nonproliferation Act 8140:Maximum pressure campaign 8125: 8038:2021 Erbil rocket attacks 7787: 7635: 7515: 7454: 7144: 6910: 6575: 6565:The American Fighting-Man 6368: 6315: 6284: 6247: 6194: 6141: 6099: 6077: 5858: 5674: 5618: 5606: 5598: 5588: 5576: 5568: 5563: 5548: 5538: 5529: 5519: 5509: 5500: 5495: 5485: 5476: 5468: 5463: 5453: 5444: 5436: 5426: 5417: 5409: 5404: 5396:National Security Archive 5314:10.1017/S0020743800056737 5292:Mosaddegh va Coup de Etat 5121:. Encounter Books, 2009, 5100:. Editions Perrin, 2013. 4830:"Publications and Honors" 4522:Ghazvinian, John (2024). 3467:10.1017/S0022381600091076 3235:Jensen, James T. (1974). 2666:10.1017/S0020743800056737 2249:Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani 1910: 1878: 1840: 1824: 1805: 1792:Won but did not take seat 1787: 1740:Mosaddegh was kept under 1511:Anglo-Persian Oil Company 1274:Anglo-Iranian Oil Company 1216:Anglo-Iranian Oil Company 1169:1906 Iranian constitution 1140:. He was later appointed 957:Anglo-Persian Oil Company 931:) and the United States ( 907:. He was a member of the 865: 828: 816: 804: 788: 765: 757: 731: 696: 686: 660: 632: 627: 623: 613: 600: 592: 582: 571: 561: 550: 542: 532: 521: 513: 503: 492: 485: 473: 463: 452: 441: 429: 419: 408: 401: 389: 377: 367: 356: 345: 335: 323: 311: 301: 290: 278: 266: 254: 244: 233: 226: 214: 204: 192: 182: 171: 164: 152: 140: 130: 119: 107: 95: 85: 74: 66: 62: 50: 41: 34: 8850:Leaders ousted by a coup 8835:Iranian social democrats 8699:Community School, Tehran 8459:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil 8342:National Council of Iran 8337:Kingdom Assembly of Iran 8259:Bank Markazi v. Peterson 8018:2019 K-1 Air Base attack 7933:Strait of Hormuz dispute 7866:Beirut barracks bombings 7822:Operation Credible Sport 7698:Operation Praying Mantis 7538:1953 Iranian coup d'état 7282:: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. 6101:Islamic Republic of Iran 5553:Next known title holder: 5496:Party political offices 5360:Christopher de Bellaigue 5146:Katouzian, Homa (2020). 4867:. Princeton University. 4496:, Norton (2006), p. 124. 4302:"1. Iran (1905–present)" 3534:Chaudhri, A. T. (1954). 3173:Panjah Sal-e Naft-e Iran 2406: 2377: 2284: 2224:Muhammad Kazim Khurasani 1706:Shah's overthrow in 1979 1504:Plot to depose Mosaddegh 1385:Resignation and uprising 1088:Mosaddegh taught at the 943:was suppressed from the 42: 8940:Time Person of the Year 8880:Prime ministers of Iran 8875:Politicians from Tehran 8209:Kyl–Lieberman Amendment 7956:Nuclear program of Iran 7693:Operation Nimble Archer 7678:Operation Eager Glacier 6780:The Apollo 8 Astronauts 5661:Prime ministers of Iran 5348:. William Morrow, 2009 4914:Farrokh, Kaveh (2011). 4475:, HarperCollins, 2003, 3570:The Persian Land Reform 3455:The Journal of Politics 2049:converting this article 1959: 1915: 1144:, in the government of 1079:University of Neuchâtel 811:University of Neuchâtel 655:Sublime State of Persia 8724:Tehran American School 8607:CIA activities in Iran 8285:Groups and individuals 8264:Certain Iranian Assets 8254:United States v. Banki 7993:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou 7777:2020 Camp Taji attacks 7688:Operation Prime Chance 7683:Operation Earnest Will 7543:Abadan Crisis Timeline 6739:Martin Luther King Jr. 6133:Post abolished in 1989 5447:Prime Minister of Iran 5420:Prime Minister of Iran 5388:, Iran Chamber Society 5162:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4917:Iran at War: 1500–1988 4679:, IMDb, 5 October 2003 3202: 15 October 1951. 2171:, said similar things. 2017:Mosaddegh in the media 1973: 1957: 1925: 1733: 1700: 1651: 1569: 1493:Overthrow of Mosaddegh 1438: 1358: 1313: 1288: 1246: 1222:Prime Minister of Iran 1196:National Front of Iran 1100:Early political career 1015: 1007: 901:Prime Minister of Iran 681:Imperial State of Iran 69:Prime Minister of Iran 8642:Iranian frozen assets 8464:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan 8179:Executive Order 13876 8174:Executive Order 13780 8157:Executive Order 13769 8152:Executive Order 12172 8147:Executive Order 12170 8112:Tower 22 drone attack 7871:Khobar Towers bombing 7817:Guadeloupe Conference 7196:The Good Samaritans: 6493:Franklin D. Roosevelt 6433:Franklin D. Roosevelt 6417:Franklin D. Roosevelt 5346:The Tehran Conviction 5243:, Times Books, 2006, 5067:Elm, Mostafa (1994). 5025:Diba, Farhad (1986). 4700:Final Shooting Script 4437:The National Interest 4050:Kermit Roosevelt Jr. 3121:on 15 September 2004. 2264:Amnesty International 2239:Mirza Ali Aqa Tabrizi 1967: 1952: 1923: 1727: 1689: 1645: 1605:Kermit Roosevelt, Jr. 1563: 1428: 1391:1952 Iranian Uprising 1339: 1307: 1283: 1240: 1188:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1013: 998: 972:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 285:Mohammad-Ali Foroughi 273:Mohammad-Ali Foroughi 187:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 135:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 90:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 8830:Iranian nationalists 8564:Abdul Majid Muhammed 8297:Iran–America Society 8043:2021 Natanz incident 8033:2020 Iran explosions 7827:Operation Eagle Claw 7789:Incidents after 1979 7600:Joint Plan of Action 7528:Persian Gulf Command 7313:The Silence Breakers 7180:The American Soldier 7161:The Whistleblowers: 7019:The Endangered Earth 6801:The Middle Americans 6755:William Westmoreland 6648:Dwight D. Eisenhower 6517:Dwight D. Eisenhower 6204:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah 6188:Iranian Armed Forces 5815:Fathollah Khan Akbar 5506:Organization founded 5149:"Muṣaddiq, Muḥammad" 5110:Abrahamian, Ervand, 4936:Afkhami, Gholam Reza 4873:10.2307/j.ctv1fkgcnz 4814:Project, Mossadegh. 4803:– via YouTube. 4750:– via YouTube. 4347:Encyclopædia Iranica 4054:(McGraw-Hill, 1979) 3243:(2 Spring 1974): 346 2925:Smithsonian Magazine 2921:"Inside Iran's Fury" 2269:Mosaddegh Foundation 2234:Abdallah Mazandarani 2229:Mirza Husayn Tehrani 2153:The Cat and the Coup 2089:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2073:Mosaddegh was named 1732:in Ahmadabad in 1965 1530:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1124:. In protest at the 1003:and mother Princess 937:Kermit Roosevelt Jr. 8612:Copyright relations 7951:2016 Naval incident 7807:Iran hostage crisis 7658:Iran Air Flight 655 7570:Island of Stability 7502:Iranian Directorate 7378:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 6362:Persons of the Year 6184:Commanders-in-Chief 4031:"Kermit Roosevelt." 2859:on 27 November 2004 2274:Mosaddegh Committee 1720:Post-overthrow life 1521:Secretary of State 1402:Veteran politician 1154:Azerbaijan Province 1122:Mostowfi ol-Mamalek 1118:Society of Humanity 1053:through her mother 1032:Fath-Ali Shah Qajar 921:17th Iranian Majlis 800:(great-grandfather) 517:30,738 (ranked 1st) 403:Minister of Finance 396:Amanullah Jahanbani 351:Azerbaijan Province 210:Mostafa Yazdanpanah 8890:Sciences Po alumni 8780:Mohammad Mosaddegh 8709:Iran Bethel School 8684:Alborz High School 8519:Abdolreza Shahlaei 8494:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh 8479:Mohammad Mosaddegh 8454:Amir Mirza Hekmati 8444:Mahmoud Reza Banki 8394:Erwin David Rabhan 8364:Howard Baskerville 8249:Oil Platforms case 8224:Public Law 113-100 7901:2008 Naval dispute 7802:Iranian Revolution 7668:Iran–Contra affair 7653:Bridgeton incident 6943:Ayatollah Khomeini 6608:John Foster Dulles 6275:Mohammad Reza Shah 6263:Mohammad Reza Shah 5800:Samsam al-Saltaneh 5740:Samsam al-Saltaneh 5714:Moshir al-Saltaneh 5699:Moshir al-Saltaneh 5489:Mohammad Reza Shah 5472:Mohammad Reza Shah 5405:Political offices 5176:Mark Gasiorowski, 5152:. In Fleet, Kate; 4891:Abrahamian, Ervand 4859:Abrahamian, Ervand 4676:Soraya (2003) (TV) 4655:on 11 January 2007 4623:The New York Times 4289:The New York Times 4263:by Ebrahim Norouzi 4235:The New York Times 4183:The New York Times 4097:The New York Times 3951:The New York Times 3933:The New York Times 3692:, p. 276-278. 3355:, p. 270-271. 3343:, p. 268-270. 3264:, p. 268-269. 3100:, p. 289-290. 2708:nsarchive2.gwu.edu 2564:The New York Times 2051:, if appropriate. 2001:The New York Times 1995:Madeleine Albright 1988:Ayatollah Khomeini 1983:Iranian Revolution 1974: 1931:Iranian Revolution 1926: 1734: 1701: 1652: 1613:The New York Times 1609:Theodore Roosevelt 1596:The New York Times 1583:John Foster Dulles 1580:Secretary of State 1570: 1439: 1359: 1314: 1310:Mohammad-Reza Shah 1251:Parliament of Iran 1247: 1075:doctorate en Droit 1051:Nasser al-Din Shah 1040:Nasser al-Din Shah 1016: 1008: 999:Mosaddegh's uncle 963:), later known as 909:Iranian parliament 872:Mohammad Mosaddegh 773:Mirza Hedayatollah 341:Assadollah Ghadimi 36:Mohammad Mosaddegh 8825:Iranian governors 8767: 8766: 8469:Mohammad Hosseini 8369:William J. Fallon 8292:Iran Action Group 8107:2024 Erbil attack 7913:Project Cassandra 7673:Operation Staunch 7560:Project Dark Gene 7400: 7399: 7382:Spirit of Ukraine 7082:Pope John Paul II 7059:The Peacemakers: 7035:George H. W. Bush 7027:Mikhail Gorbachev 7011:Mikhail Gorbachev 6855:Susan Brownmiller 6771:Lyndon B. Johnson 6747:Lyndon B. Johnson 6656:U.S. Scientists: 6640:Charles de Gaulle 6632:Nikita Khrushchev 6584:Mohammed Mosaddeq 6557:Winston Churchill 6485:Winston Churchill 6377:Charles Lindbergh 6325: 6324: 6210:Mohammad Ali Shah 6150: 6149: 5709:Nezam as-Saltaneh 5628: 5627: 5619:Succeeded by 5602:Hassan Esfandiari 5589:Succeeded by 5520:Succeeded by 5486:Succeeded by 5464:Military offices 5454:Succeeded by 5427:Succeeded by 5372:978-1-84792-108-6 5364:Patriot of Persia 5354:978-0-06-118860-2 5127:978-1-59403-240-0 5052:. Gale Research. 4951:978-0-520-25328-5 4899:. The New Press. 4726:on 2 August 2012. 4720:clevelandfilm.org 4616:(16 April 2000). 4417:978-0-8156-2343-4 4386:978-0-8156-2343-4 3899:978-0-449-90933-1 3884:Halberstam, David 3566:Lambton, A. K. S. 2931:on 3 October 2008 2254:Ruhollah Khomeini 2190:Norman Darbyshire 2093:Douglas MacArthur 2070: 2069: 1908: 1907: 1753:Electoral history 1646:Tehran strongman 1564:Mosaddegh at the 1534:Winston Churchill 1367:Ervand Abrahamian 1255:Fada'iyan-e Islam 1184:Reza Shah Pahlavi 1071:Doctorate of Laws 1036:Khorasan province 980:western companies 965:British Petroleum 869: 868: 846: 330:Hassan Esfandiari 57:Mosaddegh in 1951 18:Mohammad Mosaddeq 16:(Redirected from 8957: 8759: 8758: 8714:Iranzamin School 8704:Damavand College 8677:Alavi Foundation 8672:650 Fifth Avenue 8622:Dual containment 8617:Death to America 8529:Masoud Soleimani 8449:Haleh Esfandiari 8414:Michael R. White 8167:Trump travel ban 7971:Operation Merlin 7710:Yemeni Civil War 7705:Syrian civil war 7555:Exercise Delawar 7523:Persian Corridor 7455:Diplomatic posts 7449: 7448: 7439: 7438: 7427: 7420: 7413: 7404: 7403: 7393: 7385: 7373: 7365: 7353: 7345: 7343: 7316: 7308: 7300: 7292: 7290: 7274: 7266: 7258: 7250: 7242: 7234: 7226: 7218: 7210: 7208: 7191: 7183: 7175: 7173: 7156: 7153:Rudolph Giuliani 7137: 7129: 7121: 7109: 7101: 7093: 7085: 7077: 7075: 7054: 7046: 7038: 7030: 7022: 7014: 7006: 6998: 6990: 6982: 6970: 6962: 6954: 6946: 6938: 6930: 6922: 6903: 6901: 6887:Billie Jean King 6853:American Women: 6848: 6840: 6832: 6820: 6812: 6804: 6796: 6794: 6774: 6766: 6758: 6750: 6742: 6734: 6726: 6718: 6716: 6698:William Shockley 6674:Joshua Lederberg 6670:Donald A. Glaser 6651: 6643: 6635: 6627: 6619: 6611: 6603: 6595: 6587: 6568: 6560: 6552: 6544: 6536: 6528: 6520: 6512: 6504: 6496: 6488: 6480: 6472: 6464: 6452: 6444: 6436: 6428: 6420: 6412: 6404: 6396: 6388: 6380: 6352: 6345: 6338: 6329: 6328: 6286:Islamic Republic 6177: 6170: 6163: 6154: 6153: 6145: 6106: 6084: 5865: 5681: 5669: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5631: 5630: 5608:First deputy of 5599:Preceded by 5578:First deputy of 5569:Preceded by 5564:Honorary titles 5535:Fraction founded 5469:Preceded by 5457:Fazlollah Zahedi 5437:Preceded by 5410:Preceded by 5402: 5401: 5341: 5237:Stephen Kinzer, 5190:Mary Ann Heiss, 5173: 5151: 5095: 5082: 5063: 5042: 5021: 4997: 4983: 4964: 4955: 4931: 4910: 4886: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4759: 4751: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4722:. 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Archived from 2916: 2910: 2909: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2645: 2632: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2568: 2567: 2552: 2546: 2545: 2527: 2516: 2515: 2509: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2465:The Conversation 2456: 2450: 2449: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2370: 2353: 2350: 2344: 2341: 2335: 2328: 2322: 2295: 2141:Iranian American 2109: 2065: 2062: 2056: 2047:You can help by 2029: 2028: 2021: 1970:President Truman 1929:during the 1979 1793: 1757: 1756: 1728:Mossadegh under 1696:Towfigh Magazine 1660:Fazlollah Zahedi 1354:4 January 1952: 1350: 1204:Ahmad Zirakzadeh 1173:Ahmad Shah Qajar 1150:foreign minister 1142:finance minister 1092:at the start of 1055:Zi'a es-Saltaneh 962: 898: 897: 896: 890: 885: 881: 848: 847: 824: 779:Najm-ol-Saltaneh 751: 749: 673:Najmieh Hospital 670: 668: 646: 644: 628:Personal details 605: 576: 555: 526: 497: 476: 468:Ahmad Shah Qajar 457: 432: 424:Ahmad Shah Qajar 413: 392: 380: 372:Ahmad Shah Qajar 361: 338: 326: 314: 306:Ahmad Shah Qajar 295: 281: 269: 257: 249:Ahmad Shah Qajar 238: 221:Abdollah Hedayat 217: 207: 195: 176: 155: 143: 124: 114:Fazlollah Zahedi 110: 98: 79: 55: 45: 32: 31: 21: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8770: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8749: 8570: 8429:Saeid Aboutaleb 8409:Craig Wadsworth 8389:Stephen D. Mull 8379:Joseph Macmanus 8280: 8121: 7976:Charming Kitten 7938:RQ-170 incident 7906:Filipino Monkey 7852:Algiers Accords 7783: 7720:Abraham Accords 7631: 7625:U.S. withdrawal 7511: 7450: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7401: 7396: 7388: 7376: 7368: 7356: 7348: 7323:Jamal Khashoggi 7321:The Guardians: 7320: 7319: 7311: 7303: 7295: 7278: 7277: 7269: 7261: 7253: 7247:Mark Zuckerberg 7245: 7237: 7229: 7221: 7213: 7195: 7194: 7186: 7178: 7171:Sherron Watkins 7160: 7159: 7151: 7140: 7132: 7124: 7112: 7104: 7096: 7088: 7080: 7058: 7057: 7049: 7041: 7033: 7025: 7017: 7009: 7001: 6993: 6987:Peter Ueberroth 6985: 6973: 6965: 6957: 6949: 6941: 6933: 6925: 6917: 6906: 6859:Kathleen Byerly 6852: 6851: 6843: 6835: 6825:Henry Kissinger 6823: 6815: 6807: 6799: 6778: 6777: 6769: 6761: 6753: 6745: 6737: 6731:Pope John XXIII 6729: 6723:John F. Kennedy 6721: 6714:Robert Woodward 6710:James Van Allen 6655: 6654: 6646: 6638: 6630: 6622: 6614: 6606: 6600:Konrad Adenauer 6598: 6590: 6582: 6571: 6563: 6555: 6549:Harry S. Truman 6547: 6541:George Marshall 6539: 6533:James F. Byrnes 6531: 6525:Harry S. Truman 6523: 6515: 6509:George Marshall 6507: 6499: 6491: 6483: 6475: 6467: 6457:Chiang Kai-shek 6455: 6447: 6439: 6431: 6425:Hugh S. Johnson 6423: 6415: 6407: 6401:Mohandas Gandhi 6399: 6391: 6385:Walter Chrysler 6383: 6375: 6364: 6356: 6326: 6321: 6311: 6280: 6243: 6190: 6181: 6151: 6146: 6143: 6137: 6104: 6103: 6095: 6082: 6081: 6073: 5863: 5862: 5854: 5785:Ala ol-Saltaneh 5745:Ala ol-Saltaneh 5679: 5678: 5670: 5663: 5658: 5624: 5613: 5604: 5594: 5583: 5574: 5554: 5545: 5536: 5533: 5525: 5516: 5507: 5504: 5491: 5482: 5474: 5459: 5450: 5442: 5432: 5423: 5415: 5382: 5377: 5254:Nikki R. Keddie 5158:Rowson, Everett 5093: 5089: 5087:Further reading 5079: 5060: 5039: 5018: 5002:Kinzer, Stephen 4980: 4952: 4928: 4907: 4883: 4854: 4849: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4812: 4808: 4795:Wayback Machine 4788: 4784: 4773: 4769: 4753: 4752: 4742:Wayback Machine 4735: 4731: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4695: 4691: 4682: 4680: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4628: 4626: 4611: 4607: 4592: 4585: 4570: 4566: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4520: 4513: 4504: 4500: 4491: 4487: 4471:Noreena Hertz, 4470: 4466: 4451: 4444: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4367: 4363: 4353: 4351: 4334: 4321: 4311: 4309: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4283: 4279: 4271: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4249:Abrahamian 1982 4247: 4243: 4226: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4201: 4197: 4188: 4186: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4137: 4133: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4091: 4084: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4049: 4042: 4028: 4024: 4014: 4012: 4006: 4002: 3995: 3981: 3977: 3971:Abrahamian 1982 3969: 3965: 3955: 3953: 3943: 3939: 3927: 3923: 3911: 3907: 3900: 3881: 3877: 3868: 3866: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3814: 3810: 3806:, p. 157]. 3802: 3798: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3700: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3675: 3671: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3623: 3619: 3607: 3603: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3563: 3559: 3532: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3501: 3497: 3487: 3485: 3447: 3440: 3434:Abrahamian 1982 3432: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3405: 3398: 3392:Abrahamian 1982 3390: 3383: 3377:Abrahamian 1982 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3353:Abrahamian 1982 3351: 3347: 3341:Abrahamian 1982 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3287: 3283: 3277:Abrahamian 1982 3275: 3268: 3262:Abrahamian 1982 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3233: 3229: 3220: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3189:Verbatim record 3183: 3179: 3170: 3166: 3157: 3153: 3147:Abrahamian 1982 3145: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3080: 3076: 3064: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2978: 2974: 2963: 2956: 2950:Abrahamian 2012 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2917: 2913: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2871: 2862: 2860: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2791: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2727: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2646: 2635: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2590: 2586: 2578: 2571: 2553: 2549: 2542: 2528: 2519: 2503: 2502: 2495: 2493: 2483: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2432: 2428: 2421: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2379: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2356: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2329: 2325: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2210: 2194:Princess Ashraf 2169:Martin O'Malley 2117:Claude Brasseur 2103: 2075:man of the year 2066: 2060: 2057: 2046: 2030: 2026: 2019: 2010: 1998:the same year, 1962: 1918: 1913: 1791: 1755: 1722: 1691:Hossein Towfigh 1578:In March 1953, 1576: 1558: 1506: 1501: 1495: 1483:Mozzafar Baghai 1431:Tehran Mosavvar 1423: 1393: 1387: 1353: 1344: 1342:Tehran Mosavvar 1235: 1230: 1224: 1177:Pahlavi dynasty 1102: 1063: 1014:Young Mosaddegh 993: 892: 891: 883: 861: 860: 859: 858: 857: 856: 849: 842: 839: 837: 796: 784: 753: 745: 741: 738: 727: 697:Political party 671: 666: 664: 648: 642: 640: 639: 638: 618:Isfahan Hasnain 606: 601: 577: 572: 556: 551: 527: 522: 498: 493: 474: 458: 453: 430: 414: 409: 390: 378: 362: 357: 336: 324: 312: 296: 291: 279: 267: 255: 239: 234: 215: 205: 193: 177: 172: 153: 141: 125: 120: 108: 96: 80: 75: 58: 46: 43: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8963: 8953: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8765: 8764: 8754: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8747: 8740: 8733: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8680: 8679: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8592:American Islam 8589: 8584: 8578: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8567: 8566: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8544:Karan Vafadari 8541: 8539:Kian Tajbakhsh 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8359:Elliott Abrams 8356: 8355: 8354: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8288: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8278: 8273: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8170: 8169: 8164: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8143: 8142: 8131: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8051: 8050: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7984: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7953: 7948: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7909: 7908: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7832:Canadian Caper 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7804: 7799: 7793: 7791: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7728: 7727: 7722: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7629: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7451: 7430: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7407: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7386: 7374: 7366: 7354: 7350:Greta Thunberg 7346: 7317: 7309: 7301: 7293: 7280:Ebola Fighters 7275: 7267: 7259: 7251: 7243: 7235: 7227: 7223:Vladimir Putin 7219: 7211: 7192: 7188:George W. Bush 7184: 7176: 7163:Cynthia Cooper 7157: 7148: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7134:George W. Bush 7130: 7122: 7110: 7102: 7094: 7086: 7078: 7069:Nelson Mandela 7065:F. W. de Klerk 7055: 7047: 7039: 7031: 7023: 7015: 7007: 7003:Corazon Aquino 6999: 6991: 6983: 6971: 6963: 6955: 6947: 6939: 6931: 6923: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6883:Barbara Jordan 6849: 6841: 6833: 6821: 6813: 6805: 6797: 6784:William Anders 6775: 6767: 6759: 6751: 6743: 6735: 6727: 6719: 6706:Charles Townes 6686:Edward Purcell 6662:Charles Draper 6652: 6644: 6636: 6628: 6620: 6616:Harlow Curtice 6612: 6604: 6596: 6588: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6561: 6553: 6545: 6537: 6529: 6521: 6513: 6505: 6497: 6489: 6481: 6473: 6465: 6461:Soong Mei-ling 6453: 6449:Wallis Simpson 6445: 6441:Haile Selassie 6437: 6429: 6421: 6413: 6405: 6397: 6389: 6381: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6355: 6354: 6347: 6340: 6332: 6323: 6322: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6308:(1989–present) 6303: 6297: 6290: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6253: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6225:Abolqasem Khan 6221: 6213: 6207: 6200: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6180: 6179: 6172: 6165: 6157: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6109: 6107: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6087: 6085: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5868: 5866: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5719:Sa'd al-Dowleh 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5684: 5682: 5672: 5671: 5657: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5634: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5617: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5587: 5575: 5570: 5566: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5552: 5547: 5537: 5534: 5527: 5526: 5523:Allahyar Saleh 5521: 5518: 5513:National Front 5511:Leader of the 5508: 5505: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5484: 5475: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5455: 5452: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5425: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5398:, 22 June 2004 5389: 5381: 5380:External links 5378: 5376: 5375: 5357: 5342: 5295: 5285: 5271:Homa Katouzian 5268: 5251: 5235: 5219:Stephen Kinzer 5216: 5202: 5188: 5174: 5154:Krämer, Gudrun 5143: 5129: 5115: 5108: 5106:978-2262035877 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5077: 5064: 5058: 5043: 5037: 5031:. Croom Helm. 5022: 5017:978-0471265177 5016: 4998: 4984: 4978: 4965: 4956: 4950: 4932: 4927:978-1780962214 4926: 4911: 4905: 4887: 4881: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4834:hafizsahar.com 4821: 4806: 4782: 4767: 4729: 4707: 4689: 4666: 4636: 4605: 4583: 4578:Foreign Policy 4564: 4539: 4533:978-0307271815 4532: 4511: 4498: 4485: 4464: 4442: 4423: 4416: 4392: 4385: 4361: 4319: 4293: 4277: 4265: 4253: 4251:, p. 280. 4241: 4220: 4208: 4195: 4170: 4149:10.2307/466342 4131: 4113: 4111:, p. 449. 4101: 4082: 4064: 4040: 4022: 4000: 3994:978-0815630180 3993: 3975: 3973:, p. 274. 3963: 3937: 3921: 3905: 3898: 3875: 3851: 3823: 3808: 3796: 3770: 3743: 3715: 3694: 3682: 3676:Saikal, Amin, 3669: 3654: 3632: 3617: 3601: 3585: 3578: 3557: 3523: 3514: 3495: 3461:(3): 398–399. 3438: 3436:, p. 273. 3423: 3421:, p. 141. 3411: 3409:, p. 108. 3396: 3394:, p. 272. 3381: 3379:, p. 271. 3369: 3357: 3345: 3333: 3329:Cleveland 2008 3321: 3319:, p. 102. 3309: 3307:, p. 101. 3297: 3281: 3279:, p. 269. 3266: 3254: 3227: 3204: 3177: 3164: 3158:Alan W. Ford, 3151: 3149:, p. 268. 3136: 3134:, p. 291. 3132:Cleveland 2008 3124: 3115:www.atimes.com 3102: 3098:Cleveland 2008 3090: 3074: 3058: 3029: 3017: 3015:, p. 297. 3005: 2972: 2954: 2942: 2911: 2893: 2884: 2882:, p. 273. 2869: 2840: 2828: 2826:, p. 110. 2816: 2804: 2789: 2769: 2747: 2721: 2695: 2660:(3): 261–286. 2633: 2609: 2602: 2584: 2569: 2547: 2540: 2517: 2491:Foreign Policy 2477: 2451: 2445:978-1850431985 2444: 2426: 2420:978-9643129705 2419: 2397: 2391:978-1595842268 2390: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2345: 2336: 2323: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2197: 2172: 2165:Bernie Sanders 2157: 2148: 2133: 2130:Titus Welliver 2120: 2096: 2068: 2067: 2033: 2031: 2024: 2018: 2015: 2009: 2006: 1961: 1958: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1754: 1751: 1721: 1718: 1714:Hossein Fatemi 1557: 1556:Operation Ajax 1554: 1505: 1502: 1499:1953 Iran coup 1497:Main article: 1494: 1491: 1456:Ashraf Pahlavi 1422: 1419: 1386: 1383: 1375:C.M. Woodhouse 1371:Stephen Kinzer 1259:National Front 1243:prime minister 1234: 1231: 1223: 1220: 1200:Hossein Fatemi 1114:Majlis of Iran 1101: 1098: 1062: 1059: 992: 989: 941:National Front 925:1953 Iran coup 867: 866: 863: 862: 851: 850: 840: 835: 833: 832: 831: 830: 829: 826: 825: 818: 814: 813: 808: 802: 801: 790: 786: 785: 783: 782: 776: 769: 767: 763: 762: 759: 755: 754: 743: 739: 736: 735: 733: 729: 728: 726: 725: 722:National Front 719: 713: 707: 700: 698: 694: 693: 688: 684: 683: 669:(aged 84) 662: 658: 657: 636: 634: 630: 629: 625: 624: 621: 620: 615: 611: 610: 598: 597: 594: 590: 589: 584: 580: 579: 569: 568: 563: 559: 558: 548: 547: 544: 540: 539: 534: 530: 529: 519: 518: 515: 511: 510: 505: 501: 500: 490: 489: 483: 482: 477: 475:Prime Minister 471: 470: 465: 461: 460: 450: 449: 439: 438: 433: 431:Prime Minister 427: 426: 421: 417: 416: 406: 405: 399: 398: 393: 387: 386: 381: 379:Prime Minister 375: 374: 369: 365: 364: 354: 353: 343: 342: 339: 333: 332: 327: 321: 320: 315: 313:Prime Minister 309: 308: 303: 299: 298: 288: 287: 282: 276: 275: 270: 264: 263: 258: 256:Prime Minister 252: 251: 246: 242: 241: 231: 230: 224: 223: 218: 212: 211: 208: 202: 201: 196: 194:Prime Minister 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 169: 168: 162: 161: 156: 150: 149: 144: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 117: 116: 111: 105: 104: 99: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 72: 71: 64: 63: 60: 59: 56: 48: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8962: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8885:Qajar dynasty 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8777: 8775: 8762: 8752: 8746: 8745: 8741: 8739: 8738: 8734: 8731: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8573: 8565: 8562: 8561: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8514:Maryam Rajavi 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8489:Siamak Namazi 8487: 8485: 8484:Baquer Namazi 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8439:Sirous Asgari 8437: 8435: 8434:Shahram Amiri 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8424:Saeed Abedini 8422: 8420: 8419:Roxana Saberi 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8399:Jason Rezaian 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8384:Robert Malley 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8283: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8271: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8124: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8097: 8093: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7945:Maersk Tigris 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7809: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7786: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7717: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7643:Iran–Iraq War 7641: 7640: 7638: 7634: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7544: 7541: 7540: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7514: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7453: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7428: 7423: 7421: 7416: 7414: 7409: 7408: 7405: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7362:Kamala Harris 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7297:Angela Merkel 7294: 7289: 7288:Salome Karwah 7285: 7281: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7255:The Protester 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7212: 7207: 7206:Melinda Gates 7203: 7199: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7172: 7168: 7167:Coleen Rowley 7164: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7090:Newt Gingrich 7087: 7083: 7079: 7074: 7073:Yitzhak Rabin 7070: 7066: 7062: 7061:Yasser Arafat 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6995:Deng Xiaoping 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6979:Yuri Andropov 6976: 6975:Ronald Reagan 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6951:Ronald Reagan 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6935:Deng Xiaoping 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6909: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6829:Richard Nixon 6826: 6822: 6818: 6817:Richard Nixon 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6702:Edward Teller 6699: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6682:Linus Pauling 6679: 6678:Willard Libby 6675: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6658:George Beadle 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6592:Elizabeth II 6589: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6501:Joseph Stalin 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6477:Joseph Stalin 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6393:Owen D. Young 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6361: 6353: 6348: 6346: 6341: 6339: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6319: 6314: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6246: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6178: 6173: 6171: 6166: 6164: 6159: 6158: 6155: 6140: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6102: 6098: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5898:Matin-Daftari 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5790:Eyn-ed-Dowleh 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5760:Eyn-ed-Dowleh 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5704:Naser ol-Molk 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5648: 5643: 5641: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5623: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5603: 5597: 5593: 5592:Hossein Makki 5586: 5582: 5581: 5573: 5567: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5551: 5544: 5543: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5515: 5514: 5503: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5481: 5480: 5473: 5467: 5462: 5458: 5449: 5448: 5441: 5435: 5431: 5422: 5421: 5414: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5308:(3): 261–86. 5307: 5303: 5302: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5283:1-85043-210-4 5280: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5266:0-300-09856-1 5263: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5249:0-8050-7861-4 5246: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5234: 5233:0-471-26517-9 5230: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5214:0-307-33974-2 5211: 5207: 5203: 5201: 5200:0-231-10819-2 5197: 5193: 5189: 5187: 5186:0-8014-2412-7 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5144: 5142: 5141:0-7099-4517-5 5138: 5134: 5131:Farhad Diba, 5130: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5117:Amir Taheri, 5116: 5113: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5092: 5091: 5080: 5078:0-8156-2642-8 5074: 5070: 5065: 5061: 5059:9780810389281 5055: 5051: 5050: 5044: 5040: 5038:9780709945178 5034: 5030: 5029: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4979:9780815635123 4975: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4912: 4908: 4906:9781620970867 4902: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4882:9780691101347 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4855: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4817: 4810: 4802: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4778: 4771: 4763: 4757: 4749: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4693: 4678: 4677: 4670: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4625: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4588: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4555:The telegraph 4551: 4543: 4535: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4516: 4508: 4502: 4495: 4489: 4482: 4481:0-06-055973-X 4478: 4474: 4468: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4447: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4419: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4396: 4388: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4365: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4307: 4303: 4297: 4290: 4286: 4281: 4274: 4269: 4262: 4257: 4250: 4245: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4224: 4217: 4212: 4205: 4199: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4117: 4110: 4105: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4078: 4077:pahlavani.com 4074: 4068: 4061: 4060:0-07-053590-6 4057: 4053: 4047: 4045: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4011: 4004: 3996: 3990: 3986: 3979: 3972: 3967: 3952: 3948: 3941: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3901: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3879: 3864: 3863: 3855: 3839: 3838: 3833: 3827: 3819: 3812: 3805: 3800: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3756: 3755: 3747: 3728: 3727: 3719: 3712: 3711:0-8156-3018-2 3708: 3704: 3698: 3691: 3686: 3679: 3673: 3665: 3658: 3642: 3636: 3628: 3621: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3598: 3594: 3589: 3581: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3528: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3443: 3435: 3430: 3428: 3420: 3415: 3408: 3403: 3401: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3378: 3373: 3366: 3361: 3354: 3349: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3263: 3258: 3242: 3238: 3231: 3217: 3216: 3208: 3201: 3200: S/PV.560 3199: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3155: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3133: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3099: 3094: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3046: 3039: 3033: 3027:, p. 41. 3026: 3021: 3014: 3009: 2990: 2983: 2976: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2959: 2952:, p. 33. 2951: 2946: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2897: 2888: 2881: 2876: 2874: 2858: 2854: 2853:The Telegraph 2850: 2849:"Key figures" 2844: 2837: 2832: 2825: 2820: 2813: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2790:9798657957457 2786: 2782: 2781: 2773: 2757: 2751: 2736: 2732: 2725: 2709: 2705: 2699: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2630: 2629:9781439110126 2626: 2622: 2618: 2617:Daniel Yergin 2613: 2605: 2603:0-8014-2412-7 2599: 2595: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2574: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2543: 2541:9781589019782 2537: 2533: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2513: 2507: 2492: 2488: 2481: 2466: 2462: 2455: 2447: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2422: 2416: 2412: 2401: 2393: 2387: 2383: 2375: 2374:Matini, Jalal 2369: 2365: 2349: 2340: 2333: 2330:The - is the 2327: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2290: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2182:Taghi Amirani 2179: 2178: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2071: 2064: 2061:November 2022 2055:is available. 2054: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2034:This article 2032: 2023: 2022: 2014: 2005: 2003: 2002: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1984: 1978: 1971: 1966: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1932: 1922: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1790: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1731: 1726: 1717: 1715: 1709: 1707: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1670: 1668: 1667:Shaban Jafari 1665: 1661: 1656: 1649: 1648:Shaban Jafari 1644: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1628:Donald Wilber 1624: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1585:directed the 1584: 1581: 1575: 1567: 1562: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1487:Hossein Makki 1484: 1478: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1392: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1363:1952 election 1357: 1351: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1319:Abadan Crisis 1311: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1287: 1282: 1279: 1278:expropriating 1275: 1270: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1241:Mosaddegh as 1239: 1229: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1212:Karim Sanjabi 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165:Qajar dynasty 1162: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1138:Fars Province 1135: 1131: 1130:Hassan Pirnia 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024:Qajar dynasty 1021: 1012: 1006: 1002: 997: 988: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 958: 954: 948: 946: 945:1954 election 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 917:1952 election 914: 910: 906: 902: 895: 889: 877: 873: 864: 854: 838: 827: 823: 819: 815: 812: 809: 807: 803: 799: 794: 791: 787: 780: 777: 774: 771: 770: 768: 764: 760: 756: 737:Zahra Khanum 734: 730: 723: 720: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 701: 699: 695: 692: 689: 687:Resting place 685: 682: 678: 674: 663: 659: 656: 652: 635: 631: 626: 622: 619: 616: 612: 609: 604: 599: 595: 591: 588: 585: 581: 575: 570: 567: 564: 560: 554: 549: 545: 541: 538: 535: 531: 525: 520: 516: 512: 509: 506: 502: 496: 491: 488: 484: 481: 480:Hassan Pirnia 478: 472: 469: 466: 462: 456: 451: 448: 447:Fars Province 444: 440: 437: 434: 428: 425: 422: 418: 412: 407: 404: 400: 397: 394: 388: 385: 384:Hassan Pirnia 382: 376: 373: 370: 366: 360: 355: 352: 348: 344: 340: 334: 331: 328: 322: 319: 316: 310: 307: 304: 300: 294: 289: 286: 283: 277: 274: 271: 265: 262: 261:Hassan Pirnia 259: 253: 250: 247: 243: 237: 232: 229: 225: 222: 219: 213: 209: 203: 200: 197: 191: 188: 185: 181: 175: 170: 167: 163: 160: 157: 151: 148: 145: 139: 136: 133: 129: 123: 118: 115: 112: 106: 103: 100: 94: 91: 88: 84: 78: 73: 70: 65: 61: 54: 49: 40: 33: 30: 19: 8742: 8735: 8602:Axis of evil 8534:Morad Tahbaz 8504:Noor Pahlavi 8478: 8404:Scott Ritter 8268: 8095: 8091: 7944: 7856: 7847:Negotiations 7595:Negotiations 7390:Taylor Swift 7338: 7305:Donald Trump 7284:Kent Brantly 7271:Pope Francis 7263:Barack Obama 7239:Ben Bernanke 7231:Barack Obama 7145:2001–present 7114:Bill Clinton 7106:Andrew Grove 7051:Bill Clinton 6967:The Computer 6919:Jimmy Carter 6895:Carol Sutton 6863:Alison Cheek 6809:Willy Brandt 6788:Frank Borman 6694:Emilio Segrè 6583: 6469:Adolf Hitler 6409:Pierre Laval 6359: 6317: 6268: 6249:Pahlavi Iran 6223: 6217:Alireza Khan 6215: 6132: 6123:Mahdavi Kani 6105:(since 1979) 6059:Sharif-Emami 6029:Sharif-Emami 6008: 5998: 5860:Pahlavi Iran 5770:Farman Farma 5607: 5577: 5557:Ahmad Razavi 5555: 5549: 5540:Head of the 5539: 5530: 5510: 5501: 5477: 5445: 5418: 5413:Hossein Ala' 5363: 5345: 5344:Tom Gabbay 5305: 5299: 5291: 5287: 5274: 5257: 5238: 5222: 5205: 5191: 5177: 5161: 5132: 5118: 5111: 5097: 5068: 5048: 5027: 5006: 4992: 4988:Avery, Peter 4969: 4960: 4940: 4916: 4895: 4863: 4837:. Retrieved 4833: 4824: 4809: 4791:Ghostarchive 4789:Archived at 4785: 4770: 4738:Ghostarchive 4736:Archived at 4732: 4724:the original 4719: 4710: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4681:, retrieved 4675: 4669: 4657:. Retrieved 4653:the original 4648: 4639: 4627:. Retrieved 4621: 4608: 4600:The Guardian 4599: 4577: 4567: 4554: 4542: 4523: 4507:The Iranians 4506: 4501: 4493: 4492:Nasr, Vali, 4488: 4472: 4467: 4458: 4436: 4426: 4402: 4395: 4371: 4364: 4352:. Retrieved 4345: 4310:. Retrieved 4305: 4296: 4288: 4280: 4272: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4244: 4233: 4223: 4215: 4211: 4198: 4187:, retrieved 4182: 4173: 4143:(3): 44–58. 4140: 4134: 4125: 4116: 4109:Farrokh 2011 4104: 4096: 4076: 4067: 4051: 4033: 4025: 4013:. Retrieved 4003: 3984: 3978: 3966: 3954:. Retrieved 3950: 3940: 3932: 3924: 3908: 3888: 3878: 3867:, retrieved 3861: 3854: 3842:. Retrieved 3835: 3826: 3811: 3799: 3788:, retrieved 3779: 3773: 3762:, retrieved 3753: 3746: 3734:, retrieved 3725: 3718: 3702: 3697: 3685: 3677: 3672: 3657: 3645:. 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Retrieved 2464: 2454: 2435: 2429: 2410: 2400: 2381: 2368: 2348: 2339: 2326: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2200: 2186:Walter Murch 2175: 2151: 2136: 2123: 2099: 2091:and General 2085:Dean Acheson 2079: 2058: 2053:Editing help 2035: 2011: 1999: 1992: 1979: 1975: 1953: 1948: 1935: 1927: 1742:house arrest 1739: 1735: 1730:house arrest 1710: 1702: 1694: 1678: 1671: 1657: 1653: 1637: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1594: 1591:Allen Dulles 1577: 1550: 1527: 1523:Dean Acheson 1519: 1507: 1479: 1475: 1463: 1460: 1452: 1440: 1430: 1414: 1408: 1401: 1394: 1379: 1360: 1355: 1340: 1331: 1315: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1271: 1267: 1248: 1208:Ali Shayegan 1191: 1181: 1158: 1103: 1087: 1074: 1064: 1044: 1017: 984:house arrest 969: 949: 871: 870: 667:(1967-03-05) 665:5 March 1967 647:16 June 1882 614:Constituency 607: 602: 583:Constituency 573: 562:Constituency 552: 533:Constituency 523: 504:Constituency 494: 454: 410: 391:Succeeded by 358: 337:Succeeded by 292: 280:Succeeded by 235: 216:Succeeded by 198: 173: 154:Succeeded by 147:Hossein Ala' 121: 109:Succeeded by 76: 29: 8795:1967 deaths 8790:1882 births 8627:Great Satan 8554:Nizar Zakka 8524:Ali Shakeri 8509:Trita Parsi 8474:Esha Momeni 8127:Legislation 8090:Seizure of 7565:Safari Club 7340:The Capital 7337:/ Staff of 7335:Kyaw Soe Oo 7327:Maria Ressa 6959:Lech Wałęsa 6927:Anwar Sadat 6899:Addie Wyatt 6891:Susie Sharp 6879:Carla Hills 6875:Ella Grasso 6867:Jill Conway 6845:King Faisal 6837:John Sirica 6690:Isidor Rabi 6666:John Enders 5864:(1925–1979) 5680:(1907–1925) 5440:Ahmad Qavam 5430:Ahmad Qavam 5094:(in French) 4993:Modern Iran 4716:"Mossadegh" 4703:Script Slug 4659:19 November 4614:James Risen 4141:Social Text 3913:Kinzer 2003 3889:The Fifties 3804:Kinzer 2003 3609:Kinzer 2003 3593:Kinzer 2003 3419:Kinzer 2003 3289:Kinzer 2003 3082:Kinzer 2003 3066:Kinzer 2003 2965:Kinzer 2003 2580:Kinzer 2003 2556:James Risen 2145:David Diaan 2104: [ 2077:in 1951 by 1538:Tudeh Party 1471:Tudeh Party 1467:Ann Lambton 1448:Tudeh Party 1404:Ahmad Qavam 1345: [ 1192:Jebhe Melli 1146:Ahmad Qavam 1094:World War I 1083:Switzerland 1047:Zahra Emami 1028:Abbas Mirza 905:16th Majlis 798:Abbas Mirza 724:(1949–1967) 718:(1919–1949) 716:Independent 712:(1918–1919) 706:(1914–1918) 649:Ahmedabad, 436:Ahmad Qavam 325:Preceded by 318:Ahmad Qavam 268:Preceded by 206:Preceded by 159:Ahmad Qavam 142:Preceded by 102:Ahmad Qavam 97:Preceded by 8774:Categories 8549:Xiyue Wang 8374:Brian Hook 8322:Farashgard 8096:St Nikolas 8092:Suez Rajan 7202:Bill Gates 7126:Jeff Bezos 7043:Ted Turner 6871:Betty Ford 6792:Jim Lovell 6232:Ahmad Shah 6196:Qajar Iran 5820:Tabatabaee 5775:Tonekaboni 5735:Tonekaboni 5725:Tonekaboni 5676:Qajar Iran 5546:1950–1951 5517:1949–1960 5483:1952–1953 5451:1952–1953 5424:1951–1952 4996:. Praeger. 4683:7 November 4629:3 November 4189:7 November 3915:, p. 3869:7 November 3790:7 November 3764:7 November 3736:7 November 3611:, p. 3595:, p. 3579:0198281633 3546:(4): 223. 3488:11 October 3291:, p. 3247:11 October 3171:M. Fateh, 3084:, p. 3068:, p. 3047:. 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Mansur 5850:Reza Khan 5622:Ali Amini 5572:Ali Amini 5531:New title 5502:New title 5338:154201459 5322:1471-6380 5170:1873-9830 4839:5 January 4483:, Page 88 4312:5 October 4157:0164-2472 4015:3 January 3844:3 January 3713:, p. 125. 3599:135-136]. 3483:154990164 3367:, p. 761. 3295:150-151]. 3175:, p. 525. 3025:Diba 1986 2812:Diba 1986 2799:302536657 2762:22 August 2740:20 August 2714:21 August 2690:154201459 2674:0020-7438 2376:(2009). 2360:Citations 2311:Mossaddeq 2307:Mossadegh 2137:Mosaddegh 1746:Ahmadabad 1664:strongman 1542:communism 1435:Churchill 1415:Si-ye Tir 1265:in 1933. 1263:Reza Shah 1182:In 1941, 1161:Reza Khan 1077:) at the 1061:Education 919:into the 880:محمد مصدق 817:Signature 789:Relatives 603:In office 574:In office 553:In office 524:In office 495:In office 455:In office 411:In office 359:In office 293:In office 236:In office 174:In office 122:In office 77:In office 67:30th 44:محمد مصدق 8761:Category 7961:Timeline 7943:MV 7812:Timeline 7663:Iran Ajr 7098:David Ho 6306:Khamenei 6300:Khomeini 6294:Banisadr 6091:Bazargan 6069:Bakhtiar 5908:Foroughi 5888:Foroughi 5878:Mostowfi 5872:Foroughi 5840:Mostowfi 5795:Mostowfi 5765:Mostowfi 5750:Mostowfi 5730:Mostowfi 5160:(eds.). 5004:(2003). 4990:(1965). 4938:(2009). 4893:(2012). 4861:(1982). 4793:and the 4756:cite web 4740:and the 4559:Archived 4354:15 March 3886:(1993). 3837:Fox News 3690:Elm 1994 3647:31 March 3568:(1969). 3552:41403757 3051:5 August 2935:9 August 2795:ProQuest 2558:(2000). 2506:cite web 2496:13 April 2470:13 April 2319:Musaddiq 2315:Mosadeck 2303:Mosaddiq 2299:Mossadeq 2208:See also 1898:Unknown 1879:Unknown 1860:Unknown 1841:Unknown 1825:Unknown 1806:Unknown 1788:Unknown 1763:Election 1546:Cold War 1352:issue of 1294:de facto 1120:, under 781:(mother) 775:(father) 758:Children 593:Majority 543:Majority 514:Majority 8575:Related 7981:Stuxnet 7331:Wa Lone 6318:Italics 6186:of the 6144:*Acting 6128:Mousavi 6118:Bahonar 6049:Hoveyda 5983:Razmara 5923:Soheili 5913:Soheili 5883:Hedayat 5550:Unknown 4852:Sources 4344:(ed.). 4306:uca.edu 3956:16 July 3475:2127013 3195:. 3086:135-136 2998:31 July 2219:Coup 53 2177:Coup 53 2159:In the 2008:British 1972:in 1951 1857:≈15,000 1744:at his 1680:Farmāns 1675:Baghdad 1548:fears. 1397:cabinet 1245:of Iran 1110:Isfahan 876:Persian 795:(uncle) 766:Parents 752: 744: 740: 464:Monarch 420:Monarch 368:Monarch 302:Monarch 245:Monarch 199:Himself 183:Monarch 131:Monarch 86:Monarch 7392:(2023) 7384:(2022) 7372:(2021) 7364:(2020) 7352:(2019) 7344:(2018) 7315:(2017) 7307:(2016) 7299:(2015) 7291:(2014) 7273:(2013) 7265:(2012) 7257:(2011) 7249:(2010) 7241:(2009) 7233:(2008) 7225:(2007) 7217:(2006) 7209:(2005) 7190:(2004) 7182:(2003) 7174:(2002) 7155:(2001) 7136:(2000) 7128:(1999) 7120:(1998) 7108:(1997) 7100:(1996) 7092:(1995) 7084:(1994) 7076:(1993) 7053:(1992) 7045:(1991) 7037:(1990) 7029:(1989) 7021:(1988) 7013:(1987) 7005:(1986) 6997:(1985) 6989:(1984) 6981:(1983) 6969:(1982) 6961:(1981) 6953:(1980) 6945:(1979) 6937:(1978) 6929:(1977) 6921:(1976) 6902:(1975) 6847:(1974) 6839:(1973) 6831:(1972) 6819:(1971) 6811:(1970) 6803:(1969) 6795:(1968) 6773:(1967) 6765:(1966) 6757:(1965) 6749:(1964) 6741:(1963) 6733:(1962) 6725:(1961) 6717:(1960) 6650:(1959) 6642:(1958) 6634:(1957) 6626:(1956) 6618:(1955) 6610:(1954) 6602:(1953) 6594:(1952) 6586:(1951) 6567:(1950) 6559:(1949) 6551:(1948) 6543:(1947) 6535:(1946) 6527:(1945) 6519:(1944) 6511:(1943) 6503:(1942) 6495:(1941) 6487:(1940) 6479:(1939) 6471:(1938) 6463:(1937) 6451:(1936) 6443:(1935) 6435:(1934) 6427:(1933) 6419:(1932) 6411:(1931) 6403:(1930) 6395:(1929) 6387:(1928) 6379:(1927) 6240:(1925) 6083:(1979) 6064:Azhari 6024:Eghbal 6014:Zahedi 5988:Fahimi 5968:Hazhir 5963:Hakimi 5958:Hekmat 5948:Hakimi 5938:Hakimi 5845:Pirnia 5830:Pirnia 5810:Pirnia 5805:Vosugh 5780:Vosugh 5755:Pirnia 5694:Atabak 5688:Afkham 5610:Tehran 5580:Tehran 5370: 5352: 5336: 5330:163655 5328: 5320: 5281: 5264: 5247: 5231: 5212: 5198: 5184: 5168: 5139: 5125: 5104: 5075: 5056: 5035: 5014: 4976: 4948: 4924: 4903: 4879: 4530: 4479: 4414: 4383: 4165:466342 4163: 4155: 4058: 3991: 3896: 3709: 3576: 3550: 3481: 3473: 3221:6 July 3191: 2797: 2787: 2688: 2682:163655 2680: 2672: 2627: 2600: 2538: 2442: 2417: 2388: 2143:actor 2101:Soraya 2036:is in 1911:Legacy 1895:30,738 1775:Notes 1601:Beirut 1444:Majlis 1327:Aramco 1134:Shiraz 1020:Tehran 967:(BP). 959:(APOC/ 732:Spouse 677:Tehran 651:Tehran 587:Tehran 566:Tehran 537:Tehran 508:Tehran 6113:Rajai 6034:Amini 6004:Qavam 5973:Sa'ed 5953:Qavam 5933:Bayat 5928:Sa'ed 5918:Qavam 5835:Qavam 5825:Qavam 5334:S2CID 5326:JSTOR 4340:. In 4161:JSTOR 3784:(PDF) 3758:(PDF) 3730:(PDF) 3615:159]. 3548:JSTOR 3479:S2CID 3471:JSTOR 3187: 3041:(PDF) 2992:(PDF) 2985:(PDF) 2758:. CNN 2686:S2CID 2678:JSTOR 2409:[ 2380:[ 2332:Izāfa 2317:, or 2285:Notes 2201:Pamir 2108:] 2042:prose 1955:foot. 1943:Ulema 1882:Lost 1844:Lost 1766:Votes 1349:] 911:from 746:( 742: 8094:and 7966:P5+1 7198:Bono 6360:Time 6039:Alam 6019:Ala' 5994:Ala' 5943:Sadr 5893:Djam 5666:list 5615:1944 5585:1950 5368:ISBN 5350:ISBN 5318:ISSN 5279:ISBN 5262:ISBN 5245:ISBN 5229:ISBN 5210:ISBN 5196:ISBN 5182:ISBN 5166:ISSN 5137:ISBN 5123:ISBN 5102:ISBN 5073:ISBN 5054:ISBN 5033:ISBN 5012:ISBN 4974:ISBN 4946:ISBN 4922:ISBN 4901:ISBN 4877:ISBN 4841:2022 4762:link 4698:Argo 4685:2007 4661:2006 4649:Time 4631:2006 4528:ISBN 4477:ISBN 4412:ISBN 4381:ISBN 4356:2016 4314:2018 4191:2007 4153:ISSN 4056:ISBN 4017:2020 3989:ISBN 3958:2015 3894:ISBN 3871:2007 3846:2020 3792:2007 3766:2007 3738:2007 3707:ISBN 3649:2017 3574:ISBN 3490:2022 3249:2022 3223:2023 3053:2013 3000:2011 2937:2013 2865:2007 2785:ISBN 2764:2013 2742:2013 2716:2018 2670:ISSN 2625:ISBN 2598:ISBN 2536:ISBN 2512:link 2498:2022 2472:2022 2440:ISBN 2415:ISBN 2386:ISBN 2184:and 2125:Argo 2080:Time 2038:list 1960:U.S. 1916:Iran 1904:Won 1887:1950 1871:1947 1866:Won 1849:1943 1833:1928 1828:Won 1817:1926 1812:Won 1798:1923 1780:1906 1772:Rank 1760:Year 1325:and 1210:and 961:AIOC 939:His 913:1923 884:IPA: 661:Died 633:Born 443:Vali 347:Vali 7215:You 5310:doi 4869:doi 4408:159 4145:doi 3919:7]. 3463:doi 3193:560 3045:CIA 2662:doi 2174:In 2122:In 1901:1st 1863:1st 1809:3rd 1587:CIA 1081:in 933:CIA 929:MI6 445:of 349:of 8776:: 7380:/ 7360:/ 7333:/ 7329:/ 7325:/ 7204:/ 7200:/ 7169:/ 7165:/ 7116:/ 7071:/ 7067:/ 7063:/ 6977:/ 6897:/ 6893:/ 6889:/ 6885:/ 6881:/ 6877:/ 6873:/ 6869:/ 6865:/ 6861:/ 6857:/ 6827:/ 6790:/ 6786:/ 6782:: 6712:/ 6708:/ 6704:/ 6700:/ 6696:/ 6692:/ 6688:/ 6684:/ 6680:/ 6676:/ 6672:/ 6668:/ 6664:/ 6660:/ 6459:/ 5366:, 5362:, 5332:. 5324:. 5316:. 5306:19 5304:. 5273:, 5256:, 5221:, 4875:. 4832:. 4797:: 4758:}} 4754:{{ 4744:: 4718:. 4647:. 4620:. 4598:. 4586:^ 4576:. 4557:. 4553:. 4514:^ 4457:. 4445:^ 4435:. 4410:. 4379:. 4377:19 4322:^ 4304:. 4287:, 4232:. 4181:, 4159:. 4151:. 4124:. 4095:, 4085:^ 4075:. 4043:^ 3949:. 3931:, 3834:. 3542:. 3538:. 3526:^ 3507:. 3477:. 3469:. 3459:17 3457:. 3453:. 3441:^ 3426:^ 3399:^ 3384:^ 3269:^ 3239:. 3139:^ 3113:. 3070:60 3043:. 2969:54 2957:^ 2923:. 2904:. 2872:^ 2851:, 2793:. 2733:. 2706:. 2684:. 2676:. 2668:. 2658:19 2656:. 2652:. 2636:^ 2631:). 2619:, 2572:^ 2562:. 2520:^ 2508:}} 2504:{{ 2489:. 2463:. 2313:, 2309:, 2305:, 2301:, 2106:it 1708:. 1619:. 1458:. 1347:fa 1323:BP 1206:, 1202:, 1057:. 947:. 882:, 878:: 748:m. 679:, 675:, 653:, 8732:" 8728:" 7426:e 7419:t 7412:v 6351:e 6344:t 6337:v 6176:e 6169:t 6162:v 5990:* 5874:* 5721:* 5690:* 5668:) 5664:( 5653:e 5646:t 5639:v 5374:. 5356:. 5340:. 5312:: 5172:. 5081:. 5062:. 5041:. 5020:. 4982:. 4954:. 4930:. 4909:. 4885:. 4871:: 4843:. 4818:. 4779:. 4764:) 4663:. 4633:. 4602:. 4580:. 4536:. 4439:. 4420:. 4389:. 4358:. 4316:. 4238:. 4167:. 4147:: 4079:. 4062:. 4038:. 4019:. 3997:. 3960:. 3902:. 3848:. 3820:. 3666:. 3651:. 3629:. 3582:. 3554:. 3544:7 3492:. 3465:: 3251:. 3088:. 3072:. 3055:. 3002:. 2939:. 2908:. 2838:. 2801:. 2766:. 2744:. 2718:. 2692:. 2664:: 2623:( 2606:. 2582:. 2566:. 2544:. 2514:) 2500:. 2474:. 2448:. 2423:. 2394:. 2321:. 2147:. 2119:. 2095:. 2063:) 2059:( 2045:. 1769:% 1437:. 1194:( 1073:( 874:( 761:5 645:) 641:( 20:)

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Mohammad Mosaddegh

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