644:
912:
1498:
1507:
325:
3247:
3399:
3330:
684:
1007:
3368:
556:
1459:
3191:
4174:
4162:
1032:
851:, Zahir Shah was cautiously involved with plans to develop a government in exile. Ultimately these plans failed because he could not reach a consensus with powerful Islamist factions. It has also been reported that Afghanistan, the Soviet Union, and India had all tried to persuade Zahir Shah to return as chief of a neutral, possibly interim, administration in Kabul. Both the Soviet Union and the United States sent representatives to meet him, and President
1060:
3146:
1015:
people, the friend of his people, he was a very kind person, kind hearted. He believed in the rule of the people and in human rights." His funeral was held on 24 July. It began on the premises of the presidential palace, where politicians and dignitaries paid their respects; his coffin was then taken to a mosque before being moved to the royal mausoleum on
Maranjan Hill in eastern Kabul.
680:, and Afghanistan was one of few countries in the world to receive aid from both Cold War adversaries. In a 1969 interview, Zahir Shah said that he is "not a capitalist. But I also don't want socialism. I don't want socialism that would bring about the kind of situation in Czechoslovakia. I don't want us to become the servants of Russia or China or the servant of any other place."
720:
4186:
49:
2604:"The late King was always fondly referred to by all Afghans, cutting across ethnic boundaries, as "Baba-e-Millat" or 'Father of the Nation', a position given to him in the country's Constitution promulgated in January 2004, about two years after the collapse of Taliban rule. The title of the 'Father of the Nation' dissolves with his death."
547:. When he returned to Afghanistan he helped his father and uncles restore order and reassert government control during a period of lawlessness in the country. He was later enrolled at an Infantry School and appointed a privy counsellor. Zahir Shah served in the government positions of deputy war minister and minister of education.
1014:
On 23 July 2007, Zahir Shah died in the compound of the presidential palace in Kabul at the age of 92 after a long illness – 74 years after he ascended the throne and 34 years after his abdication. His death was announced on national television by
President Karzai, who said "He was the servant of his
803:
and established an autocratic republican government. As a former Prime
Minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier and felt that Zahir Shah lacked leadership and that the parliamentary system prevented real progressivism. In August 1973, Zahir Shah sent a letter from
539:) after the fall of King Amanullah. Zahir Shah studied at the Infanterie Military School in the winter (school year in Kabul, 21 March to November). He was then sent to France for further training. He continued his education in France where his father had served as a diplomatic envoy, studying at the
967:
Hamid Karzai, who was favored by Zahir Shah, became president of
Afghanistan after the Loya Jirga. Karzai, from the Pashtun Popalzai clan, provided Zahir Shah's relatives with major jobs in the transitional government. Following the Loya Jirga he was given the title "Father of the Nation" by Karzai,
695:
He was considered a relatively lenient leader compared to previous kings; Zahir Shah had never signed a warrant for the execution of anyone for political reasons during his reign. He also used his power several times to commute capital punishment sentences given to some convicted criminals. At Zahir
956:
and potentially even resume their support for the
Taliban. At the time, most delegates to the Loya Jirga were prepared to vote for Zahir Shah and block the U.S.-backed leader of the Northern Alliance, Hamid Karzai. While he was prepared to become chief of state Zahir made it known that it would not
2897:
Zaher is the grandson of the late King
Muhammad Zaher Shah. He is currently head of Afghanistan's environment preservation department and a member of the UNF. There has been speculation that the UNF will nominate Zaher as its candidate for the upcoming election. Despite being an heir to the royal
846:
since the new Afghan government failed to provide him a monthly salary. The Shah also supported his two sons who were studying in the United States and Canada. He was prohibited from returning to
Afghanistan during the late 1970s by the Soviet-assisted Communist government. In 1983 during the
997:
Zahir Shah attended the 7 December 2004 swearing-in of Hamid Karzai as
President of Afghanistan. During his final years, he was frail and required a microphone pinned to his collar so that his faint voice could be heard. In January 2007, Zahir was reported to be seriously ill and bedridden.
863:
calling for unity and peace among
Afghans, and offering his services. This reportedly led to a spark of interest and approval among the Kabul populace. However, the idea of a revived political role for Zahir Shah was met with hostility by some, notably radical Islamist
725:
724:
722:
726:
943:
and other officials. His return was widely welcomed by
Afghans, and he was liked by all ethnic groups. There were proposals for a return to the monarchy – Zahir Shah himself let it be known that he would accept whatever responsibility was given him by the
883:. The assassin then stabbed Zahir Shah in the neck several times, before being overpowered by former General Abdul Wali. Zahir Shah was rushed to hospital and later recovered, with the assassin being sentenced to 10 years in a high-security prison in
773:
coins during his reign bore the Arabic title: المتوكل على الله محمد ظاهر شاه, "AlMutawakkil 'ala Allah Muhammad Zhahir Shah" which means "The leaner on God, Muhammad Zhahir Shah". The title "AlMutawakkil 'ala Allah", "The leaner on God" is taken from
535:, where many subjects were taught in English. For his secondary education, he went to the Amaniya High School (built during the reign of King Amanullah by France, where many subjects were taught in French. This school was renamed by Nadir Shah as
667:
of Afghanistan and recruited a number of foreign advisers to assist with the process. During this period Afghanistan's first modern university was founded. During his reign a number of potential advances and reforms were derailed as a result of
4291:
723:
517:, Yahya Khan and his sons Princes Mohammad Yusuf Khan and Mohammad Asef Khan were taken captive by the British and transferred to the British Raj, where they remained forcibly until the two princes were invited back to Afghanistan by
957:
necessarily be as monarch: "I will accept the responsibility of head of state if that is what the Loya Jirga demands of me, but I have no intention to restore the monarchy. I do not care about the title of king. The people call me
887:. After the fall of the pro-Soviet government, Zahir Shah was favored by many to return and restore the monarchy to unify the country as he was acceptable to most factions. However, these efforts were blocked mostly by Pakistan's
4296:
948:, which he initiated in June 2002. However he was obliged to publicly renounce monarchical leadership at the behest of the United States. As Pakistan would not accept Zahir as king due to fears regarding his stance on the
2791:
591:
while also receiving formal recognition from the United States. By the end of the 1930s, agreements on foreign assistance and trade had been reached with many countries, most notably with the
842:
in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of Rome, where he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden. He was financially supported by the
640:. All the Afghan volunteers were killed by the Chinese Muslim troops, who then abolished the First East Turkestan Republic, and reestablished Chinese government control over the area.
721:
1912:
964:
Zahir Shah visited his father's tomb soon after arriving in Kabul and reportedly gasped after witnessing rocket holes and gunfire damage on the tomb caused by the civil war.
2029:
827:, also lived in Rome. President Daoud Khan continued to send money to them in Italy consisting of income from property and estates of the former royal family. After the
4281:
975:
In an October 2002 visit to France, Zahir Shah slipped in a bathroom, bruising his ribs, and on 21 June 2003, while in France for a medical check-up, he broke his
2726:
1732:
4301:
2606:
2290:
952:
issue; the American government knew allowing him to be restored could result in Pakistan feeling threatened to the point they may cease cooperating with the
2305:
879:. The assassin stated “Now I must kill you”, before stabbing Zahir Shah in his breast-pocket, the former king’s life being saved by a tin of Café Crème
1042:: Portrait of Mohammad Zahir Shah with lettering "* محمد ظاهر * دافغانستان" (Mohammad Zahir Afghanistan) on top and "۱۳۴۰-۱۳۸۱" (1340–1381) at bottom.
2740:
3126:
2174:
855:
supported Zahir Shah to play a role in a possible interim government in the quest for peace. In May 1990, Zahir Shah issued a long statement through
808:, saying he respected "the will of my compatriots" after realizing the people of Afghanistan "with absolute majority welcomed a Republican regime".
2396:
2196:
1192:
643:
245:
968:
symbolizing his role in Afghanistan's history as a symbol of national unity. This title ended with his death. In August 2002 he relocated back to
4276:
2579:
932:
421:
614:. The aid was not capable of saving the First East Turkestan Republic, as the Afghan, Uighur, and Kirghiz forces were defeated in 1934 by the
505:. His grandfather Mohammad Yahya Khan (father in law of Emir Yaqub Khan) was in charge of the negotiations with the British resulting in the
990:
problem. He was hospitalized for two weeks and remained in New Delhi under observation. On 18 May 2004, he was brought to a hospital in the
4286:
3786:
3096:
1219:
250:
145:
2330:
354:, reigning from 8 November 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973. Ruling for 40 years, Zahir Shah was the longest-serving ruler of
3135:
324:
4331:
3939:
2949:
2911:"Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers, 1934, Europe, Near East and Africa, Volume II – Office of the Historian"
2162:
587:. This period fostered a growth in Afghanistan's relations with the international community as during 1934, Afghanistan joined the
2264:
4236:
2881:
2700:
953:
524:
during the last year of his reign (1901). During the reign of Amir Habibullah they received the title of Companions of the King (
409:
478:(d. 1941), a Pashtun tribe woman. Nadir Shah assumed the throne after the execution of the self-proclaimed ruler of Afghanistan
4124:
660:
2004:
1053:
Afghani coin from reign of Shah minted in c. 1962 corresponding to 1340 and 1381 in Lunar and Solar Hijri years respectively.
4216:
3494:
3119:
2368:
1596:
659:
and Afghanistan remained one of the few countries in the world to remain neutral. From 1944 to 1947, Afghanistan experienced
366:
351:
113:
4251:
1430:
2991:
1762:
4271:
4114:
4109:
4039:
4134:
2986:
1048:: Wheat ear flank on the side and denomination in the centre. Lettering "پنج" (five), "۵" (5) and "افغانی" (Afghanis).
531:
Zahir Shah was educated in a special class for princes at Elementary Primary, built in 1904 by the United Kingdom, and
610:
Zahir Shah provided aid, weapons, and Afghan fighters to the Uighur and Kirghiz Muslim rebels who had established the
4231:
3476:
2491:
2122:
1888:
1848:
1823:
1426:
1674:
4104:
3112:
900:
697:
374:
4341:
3803:
3613:
3295:
961:
and I prefer this title." Karzai called Zahir Shah a "symbol of unity, a very kind man" and a "fatherly figure."
510:
183:
1429:. However, Mustafa did not become a candidate. His granddaughter, Princess Noal of Afghanistan, is the wife of
1390:
781:
By the time he returned to Afghanistan in 2002, Zahir Shah's rule was characterized as a lengthy era of peace.
2767:
2229:
1740:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4241:
4221:
3838:
3373:
2888:
2620:
1422:
611:
584:
401:
3071:
2803:
790:
397:
3317:
911:
4006:
888:
758:
625:
2964:
2206:
1973:
655:
Despite close relations to the Axis powers, Zahir Shah and his governments refused to take sides during
4266:
4152:
4139:
1784:
1622:
705:
24:
2943:
2553:
1549:
567:
was proclaimed king (shah) on 8 November 1933 at the age of 19, after the assassination of his father
4226:
3678:
3548:
1466:
648:
544:
2938:
1554:
575:. For the first 20 years, he did not effectively rule, instead ceding power to his paternal uncles,
385:, his long reign was marked by peace in the country which was lost afterwards with the onset of the
4119:
3934:
3386:
871:
In 1991, Zahir Shah survived an attempt on his life by a knife-wielding assassin masquerading as a
633:
104:
2055:"Gilad Zuckerman Coins Collection – Kimpulan Mata-Mata Uang – مسكوكات – אוסף מטבעות גלעד צוקרמן"
1880:
Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949
4261:
4256:
4079:
4049:
4029:
3823:
2910:
2665:
491:
413:
378:
2094:
4336:
4246:
4099:
4069:
4011:
3818:
3404:
3335:
3252:
683:
559:
Studio photograph of Zahir Shah in military uniform, seated in a heavy, carved armchair (1930s)
445:
355:
165:
2507:
1878:
1425:
included one of his grandsons, Mustafa Zahir, on a list of fifteen possible candidates in the
4129:
3901:
3718:
3469:
1263:
1150:
1006:
848:
843:
555:
255:
241:
2635:
1641:
1497:
482:
on 1 November 1929. Mohammad Zahir's father, son of Sardar Mohammad Yusuf Khan, was born in
4211:
4206:
3260:
2975:
2138:
1839:
Jentleson, Bruce W.; Paterson, Thomas G. (1997). "Encyclopedia of U.S. foreign relations".
1506:
991:
731:
576:
536:
498:
425:
373:. In the 1950s, Zahir Shah began modernizing the country, culminating in the creation of a
1946:
1695:
815:
and other royal family members. Initially, they lived in a three‐room apartment on Rome's
8:
3976:
3703:
3693:
3648:
3568:
3417:
3290:
3280:
3224:
3219:
3085:
3041:
3034:
1471:
928:
865:
852:
796:
568:
532:
479:
456:
405:
293:
131:
85:
59:
48:
31:
4166:
4054:
4044:
3881:
3658:
3618:
3603:
3593:
3573:
3285:
3265:
3214:
3209:
3204:
2980:
2614:
1923:
735:
713:
506:
502:
20:
4094:
4084:
3986:
3929:
3698:
3628:
3578:
3553:
3300:
3234:
2686:
2487:
2118:
2054:
1884:
1844:
1819:
1649:
936:
872:
762:
754:
743:
709:
669:
637:
621:
588:
540:
521:
464:
236:
4292:
Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2741:"Leaving Afghanistan: is it finally time to be positive about this blighted nation?"
2530:
2451:
1927:
1566:
800:
4190:
4059:
4034:
3996:
3871:
3793:
3738:
3733:
3608:
3543:
3522:
3462:
3355:
3270:
3229:
3163:
3005:
2512:
2114:
Law in Afghanistan: A Study of the Constitutions, Matrimonial Law and the Judiciary
1809:
958:
856:
824:
600:
580:
475:
460:
303:
283:
2829:
4074:
4064:
3861:
3766:
3761:
3753:
3683:
3598:
3538:
3517:
3305:
2958:
2201:
2112:
1813:
945:
899:, Pakistan, that Zahir Shah was willing to participate in peace talks to end the
895:
issue. In June 1995, Zahir Shah's former envoy Sardar Wali announced at talks in
876:
828:
688:
604:
386:
1808:
1458:
4178:
4089:
3886:
3846:
3808:
3781:
3643:
3563:
3343:
3196:
1022:
820:
700:
was introduced which made Afghanistan a modern democratic state by introducing
468:
382:
359:
2932:
2661:
2306:"King of Afghanistan, After 17 Years in Exile, Is on the People's Minds Again"
1580:
875:
journalist who later revealed that the attempted assassination was ordered by
4297:
Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
4200:
3891:
3876:
3728:
3653:
3583:
3512:
3311:
3275:
3178:
3158:
3150:
2197:"War on Terrorism: Opposition – Exiled king declares himself ready to return"
1653:
1111:
812:
775:
673:
664:
487:
205:
4001:
3981:
3798:
3713:
3673:
3663:
3638:
3633:
3588:
3502:
3349:
3173:
3168:
2969:
2856:"Prince Mirwais Zahir, Youngest Son of Afghanistan's Former King, Has Died"
1978:
940:
920:
677:
656:
596:
564:
437:
3104:
2855:
3991:
3896:
3856:
3771:
3723:
3708:
3454:
2953:
1073:
969:
949:
892:
811:
Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for 29 years alongside his wife Queen
746:
739:
629:
592:
313:
1059:
672:
and political infighting. He also requested financial aid from both the
663:. After the end of World War II, Zahir Shah recognised the need for the
3866:
3851:
3813:
3623:
3507:
2423:
2397:"April 18, 2002: Zahir Shah returns to Afghanistan after 29-year exile"
816:
805:
770:
618:
615:
514:
100:
1095:(his mother tongue), and could also speak English and perfect French.
765:, performed in his honor, is showcased at the end of the video. (1958)
647:
Dinner in honour of King Mohammad Zahir Shah of Afghanistan hosted by
573:"He who puts his trust in God, follower of the firm religion of Islam"
3743:
3668:
3558:
3059:
987:
983:
896:
880:
525:
2892:
2482:
Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005). "The Return to Political Fragmentation".
3485:
1031:
884:
750:
701:
571:. After his ascension to the throne he was given the regnal title,
483:
449:
370:
1072:
Zahir Shah was reportedly shy, modest and "soft-spoken". He liked
3954:
3428:
2830:"د افغانستان د پخواني پاچا ظاهر شاه زوی 'محمد نادر ظاهر' وفات شو"
1433:, the heir apparent to the abolished thrones of Egypt and Sudan.
452:
436:
Zahir Shah was born on 15 October 1914, in a city quarter called
278:
2356:
US-Pakistan Relations: Pakistan's Strategic Choices in the 1990s
1707:
3776:
2933:
Afghan King & Queen 1963 Visit to U.S. Reel America Preview
1581:
Afghan King & Queen 1963 Visit to U.S. Reel America Preview
1088:
495:
337:
19:"Zahir Shah" redirects here. For the Pakistani film actor, see
1815:
Making States Work: State Failure and the Crisis of Governance
753:, and chiefs from the Iraqi, Turkish, and Iranian Air Forces.
392:
In 1973, while Zahir Shah was undergoing medical treatment in
3828:
1115:
1081:
1077:
976:
927:
On 18 April 2002, at the age of 87 and four months after the
839:
832:
472:
441:
393:
161:
1838:
1515:
Royal Standard of Mohammad Zahir Shah (obverse and reverse)
1092:
916:
730:
The video captures Chief Guest King Zahir Shah arriving at
518:
417:
341:
795:
In 1973, while Zahir Shah was abroad in Italy, his cousin
420:
until 2002, returning to Afghanistan after the end of the
1950:
860:
986:, India, for medical treatment after complaining of an
982:
On 3 February 2004, Zahir Shah was flown from Kabul to
2873:
2662:"President Karzai announcing death of King Zahir Shah"
2110:
1883:. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. pp. 123, 303.
369:
with many countries, including with both sides of the
350:; 15 October 1914 – 23 July 2007) was the last
4150:
2687:"Afghanistan's King Mohammad Zahir Shah Laid to Rest"
1421:
In January 2009, an article by Ahmad Majidyar of the
935:, Zahir Shah returned to Afghanistan, flown in on an
1523:
His Majesty Mohammad Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan
2701:"In Afghan King, a Soft Voice for a Soviet Pullout"
2636:"Mohammad Zahir Shah, Last Afghan King, Dies at 92"
2424:"Afghanistan: Afghans Welcome Former King's Return"
2265:"India to Provide Aid to Government in Afghanistan"
2205:. London: Look Smart: Find Articles. Archived from
1876:
1812:; Michael Ignatieff; Ramesh Chandra Thakur (2005).
1763:"Mohammad Zahir Shah, 92, Last King of Afghanistan"
1642:"Mohammad Zahir Shah, Last Afghan King, Dies at 92"
431:
2804:"شاهدخت افغانستان در کابل درگذشت – Dw – ۱۴۰۰/۱۰/۵"
2609:. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
1675:"State funeral for Afghanistan's former President"
509:. After the British invasion after the killing of
915:Zahir Shah is seated at the far right during the
4282:Grand Cordons of the National Order of the Cedar
4198:
1867:, pp. 477–478. Princeton University Press, 1980
1818:. United Nations University Press. p. 400.
1583:(official U.S. government video; public domain).
2879:
2580:"Former Afghan king moves into his old palace"
2005:"The man who would be king, if you don't mind"
4302:Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali
3470:
3120:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2689:, Associated Press (Fox News), 24 July 2007.
2446:
2444:
2421:
1569:. 1 October 2001 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
345:
3134:
2484:Afghanistan: Revolution Unending, 1979–2002
2175:"Afghan King, in Rome Exile, Tightens Belt"
1696:"Afghanistan Mohammad Nader Shah (1929–33)"
412:, ending more than 225 years of continuous
3484:
3477:
3463:
3127:
3113:
2659:
2481:
2470:
2104:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
1802:
490:, his family having been exiled after the
47:
2441:
2262:
1910:
1841:The American Journal of International Law
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1535:
994:because of nose bleeding caused by heat.
428:, which he held until his death in 2007.
2950:Zahir Shah: The last king of Afghanistan
2724:
2578:Ltd, Allied Newspapers (5 August 2002).
2551:
2288:
2194:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1778:
1776:
1058:
1005:
910:
906:
718:
682:
642:
554:
2525:
2523:
2195:McCarthy, Michael (24 September 2001).
2095:"Former King of Afghanistan Dies at 92"
2072:
1998:
1996:
1591:
1589:
1118:. They had six sons and two daughters:
23:. For the Pakistani squash player, see
4277:Collars of the Order of the White Lion
4199:
2633:
2531:"Former Afghan king returns to palace"
2190:
2188:
1718:
1639:
1361:Prince Muhammed Daoud Pashtunyar Khan
416:government. He remained in exile near
3458:
3108:
2882:"Afghanistan's Presidential Election"
2765:
2725:Hoodbhoy, Nafisa (11 November 2001).
2668:from the original on 11 December 2021
2607:"Last King of Afghanistan dies at 92"
2508:"Former Afghan King Returns to Kabul"
2422:Krushelnycky, Askold (9 April 2008).
2303:
2002:
1971:
1934:
1913:"Afghanistan: transition without end"
1782:
1773:
1620:
939:, and welcomed at Kabul's airport by
903:, but no consensus was ever reached.
661:a series of revolts by various tribes
263:Prince Muhammed Daoud Pashtunyar Khan
16:King of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973
2698:
2520:
2227:
1993:
1911:Giustozzi, Antonio (November 2008).
1586:
1436:
1288:Sardar Muhammad Aziz Khan Naim
804:Rome to Khan in Kabul declaring his
4287:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2729:– via www.washingtonpost.com.
2577:
2293:– via www.washingtonpost.com.
2289:Weymouth, Lally (17 January 1988).
2263:Crossette, Barbara (7 March 1989).
2185:
835:government cut all funds to Italy.
459:(1883–1933) a senior member of the
346:
13:
3445:indicates localized rebel monarchs
2699:Suro, Roberto (15 November 1987).
2486:. C. Hurst & Co. p. 330.
1904:
1450:Mohammad Zahir Shah of Afghanistan
1114:(1918–2002) on 7 November 1931 in
972:, his old palace, after 29 years.
367:Afghanistan's diplomatic relations
225:
221:
14:
4353:
2978:collected news and commentary at
2925:
2552:Anderson, Jon Lee (30 May 2005).
1431:Muhammad Ali, Prince of the Sa'id
1427:2009 Afghan presidential election
838:Zahir Shah eventually lived in a
494:. Nadir Shah was a descendant of
408:, who established a single-party
396:, his regime was overthrown in a
4184:
4172:
4160:
3397:
3366:
3328:
3245:
3189:
3144:
2992:interviews Zahir Shah in written
2898:family, he lacks a popular base.
2768:"When Afghanistan Almost Worked"
2727:"A Future Veiled in False Hopes"
2331:"Bin Laden 'tried to kill king'"
1972:Judah, Tim (23 September 2001).
1783:Judah, Tim (23 September 2001).
1629:– via www.theguardian.com.
1621:Judah, Tim (23 September 2001).
1505:
1496:
1457:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1067:
1030:
698:1964 Constitution of Afghanistan
432:Family background and early life
323:
4332:20th-century Afghan politicians
3046:8 November 1933 – 17 July 1973
2903:
2880:Ahmad Majidyar (January 2009).
2848:
2822:
2796:
2785:
2759:
2733:
2718:
2692:
2680:
2653:
2627:
2598:
2571:
2545:
2500:
2428:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2415:
2389:
2361:
2349:
2323:
2297:
2282:
2256:
2247:
2221:
2167:
2156:
2131:
2111:Mohammad Hashim Kamali (1985).
2047:
2022:
1965:
1870:
1857:
1843:. Oxford University Press: 24.
1832:
1755:
1098:To his family, he was known as
891:, who feared his stance on the
217:
184:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
4237:World War II political leaders
4135:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
2766:Feroz, Emran (26 April 2021).
2634:Bearak, Barry (24 July 2007).
2304:Burns, John F. (3 June 1990).
2003:Steyn, Mark (6 October 2001).
1739:. 24 July 2007. Archived from
1700:
1685:
1667:
1640:Bearak, Barry (24 July 2007).
1633:
1614:
1573:
1559:
819:. Relatives of the 1920s King
463:and commander in chief of the
69:8 November 1933 – 17 July 1973
1:
2889:American Enterprise Institute
1974:"Profile: Mohamed Zahir Shah"
1947:"Profile: Ex-king Zahir Shah"
1785:"Profile: Mohamed Zahir Shah"
1623:"Profile: Mohamed Zahir Shah"
1567:"Profile: Ex-king Zahir Shah"
1528:
1423:American Enterprise Institute
612:First East Turkestan Republic
136:(as President of Afghanistan)
4217:20th-century Afghan monarchs
3091:17 July 1973 – 23 July 2007
2987:interviews Zahir Shah videos
2291:"Tough Talk From Najibullah"
2228:Gall, Sandy (23 July 2007).
1920:Crisis States Working Papers
1877:Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986).
1291:Sardar Nadir Khan Naim
1110:He married his first cousin
501:Telai, half-brother of Emir
358:since the foundation of the
251:Crown Prince Ahmad Shah Khan
7:
4252:Afghan expatriates in Italy
4007:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2660:AP Archive (21 July 2015).
1322:Prince Mustapha Zahir Khan
1296:Prince Muhammed Nadir Khan
1247:Prince Muhammad Zahir Khan
759:C-in-C of the Pakistan Army
626:National Revolutionary Army
123:17 July 1978 – 23 July 2007
10:
4358:
4272:Habibia High School alumni
4140:War in North-West Pakistan
4100:Afghan War of Independence
1252:Prince Muhammad Emel Khan
788:
706:civil and political rights
455:family. He was the son of
259:Prince Muhammed Nadir Khan
246:Prince Muhammed Akbar Khan
29:
25:Zahir Shah (squash player)
18:
4020:
3967:
3947:
3923:
3910:
3837:
3752:
3679:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
3549:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai
3531:
3493:
3438:
3395:
3364:
3326:
3243:
3187:
3142:
3093:
3076:
3065:
3058:
3048:
3039:
3031:
3026:
2999:
2619:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2253:Memoirs of Asadollah Alam
1733:"The King of Afghanistan"
1477:
1465:
1456:
1443:
1402:
1399:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1363:
1360:
1347:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1332:Prince Shah Mahmoud Khan
1331:
1327:Prince Muhammad Daud Jan
1318:
1315:
1308:
1298:
1295:
1243:
1240:
1233:
1223:
1217:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1154:
1148:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1105:
1087:Zahir Shah was fluent in
1052:
1029:
1020:
649:President John F. Kennedy
545:University of Montpellier
461:Mohammadzai Royal family.
424:. He was given the title
400:by his cousin and former
319:
309:
299:
289:
277:
269:
235:
199:
189:
171:
155:
151:
141:
127:
119:
114:Head of House of Barakzai
112:
91:
81:
73:
65:
58:
46:
41:
4232:Leaders ousted by a coup
3935:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
2452:"No ordinary homecoming"
1001:
784:
687:Mohammad Zahir Shah and
550:
261:Prince Shah Mahmoud Khan
105:President of Afghanistan
30:Not to be confused with
4080:Second Anglo-Afghan War
4050:Third Battle of Panipat
4030:First Battle of Panipat
3940:People's Peace Movement
3824:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
3136:Monarchs of Afghanistan
3097:Crown Prince Ahmad Shah
2944:Encyclopædia Britannica
2554:"The Man in the Palace"
2143:Encyclopædia Britannica
2059:giladzuckerman.webs.com
1692:Encyclopædia Britannica
1550:Encyclopædia Britannica
1385:Prince Duran Daud Khan
1356:Princess Ariane Khanum
1351:Princess Bilqis Khanum
1186:Princess Mayana Khanum
1176:Princess Humaira Begum
954:international coalition
791:1973 Afghan coup d'état
628:, commanded by General
492:Second Anglo-Afghan War
379:constitutional monarchy
53:King Zahir Shah in 1963
4342:Monarchs who abdicated
4012:Anti-Pashtun sentiment
3819:Adam Khan and Durkhani
1064:
1011:
937:Italian military plane
924:
769:At least five Afghani
766:
742:. They are greeted by
696:Shah's behest the new
692:
652:
560:
381:system. Demonstrating
166:Emirate of Afghanistan
3079:— TITULAR —
2895:on 8 September 2009.
2358:by Nasra Talat Farooq
2230:"Mohammad Zahir Shah"
2139:"Mohammed Zahir Shah"
1555:"Mohammad Zahir Shah"
1415:Princess Safya Zaher
1257:Princess Hawa Khanum
1062:
1009:
914:
907:Return to Afghanistan
729:
686:
646:
583:, who both served as
558:
362:in the 18th century.
256:Princess Maryam Begum
242:Princess Bilqis Begum
4327:1970s in Afghanistan
4322:1960s in Afghanistan
4317:1950s in Afghanistan
4312:1940s in Afghanistan
4307:1930s in Afghanistan
4242:Afghan Sunni Muslims
4222:Kings of Afghanistan
3787:northern Afghanistan
3599:Najib Khan Yousafzai
3261:Sultan Mohammad Khan
3001:Mohammad Zahir Shah
2792:Arabian Royal Agency
2676:– via YouTube.
2533:. BBC. 4 August 2002
2034:publishing.cdlib.org
1601:publishing.cdlib.org
1397:Prince Mirwais Khan
1391:Princess Noal Khanum
1181:Princess Wana Begum
992:United Arab Emirates
761:, also appears. The
732:PAF Station Mauripur
577:Mohammad Hashim Khan
537:Esteqlal High School
499:Sultan Mohammad Khan
426:Father of the Nation
224:; died
194:Maranjan Hill, Kabul
4110:Waziristan campaign
3977:Pashtun nationalism
3704:Mohammad Najibullah
3423:Mohammad Zahir Shah
3418:Mohammad Nadir Shah
3387:Habibullāh Kalakāni
3291:Mohammad Yaqub Khan
3281:Mohammad Afzal Khan
3225:Shah Shujah Durrani
3220:Mahmud Shah Durrani
3086:King of Afghanistan
3042:King of Afghanistan
3035:Mohammad Nadir Shah
2976:Mohammad Zahir Shah
2939:Mohammad Zahir Shah
2808:Deutsche Welle Dari
2009:The Daily Telegraph
1737:The Daily Telegraph
1193:Muhammed Akbar Khan
1063:Postage stamp, 1971
923:on 7 December 2004.
866:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
853:Mohammad Najibullah
797:Mohammad Daoud Khan
569:Mohammad Nadir Shah
533:Habibia High School
511:Sir Louis Cavagnari
480:Habibullah Kalakani
457:Mohammad Nadir Shah
406:Mohammad Daoud Khan
352:king of Afghanistan
334:Mohammad Zahir Shah
294:Mohammad Nadir Shah
265:Prince Mirwais Khan
86:Mohammad Nadir Shah
60:King of Afghanistan
42:Mohammad Zahir Shah
32:Muhammad Zahir Shah
4055:Battle of Nowshera
4045:Battle of Gulnabad
3948:Religious-military
3882:Ahmad Shah Durrani
3619:Malalai of Maiwand
3604:Dost Mohammad Khan
3594:Ahmad Shah Durrani
3574:Aimal Khan Mohmand
3569:Kalu Khan Yusufzai
3286:Mohammad Azam Khan
3266:Dost Mohammad Khan
3215:Zaman Shah Durrani
3210:Timur Shah Durrani
3205:Ahmad Shah Durrani
3060:Titles in pretence
2981:The New York Times
2810:. 26 December 2021
2705:The New York Times
2640:The New York Times
2310:The New York Times
2269:The New York Times
2209:on 9 November 2007
2179:The New York Times
2099:The New York Times
1646:The New York Times
1521:During his reign,
1231:23 September 1934
1065:
1012:
1010:Tomb of Zahir Shah
925:
767:
714:universal suffrage
693:
653:
561:
507:Treaty of Gandamak
503:Dost Mohammad Khan
422:Taliban government
96:Monarchy abolished
21:Zahir Shah (actor)
4267:People from Kabul
4148:
4147:
4130:Soviet–Afghan War
4115:Second Waziristan
4095:Siege of Malakand
4085:Battle of Maiwand
3987:Afghan (ethnonym)
3963:
3962:
3930:Khudai Khidmatgar
3699:Abdul Ahad Momand
3629:Abdur Rahman Khan
3614:Victor of Maiwand
3579:Darya Khan Afridi
3452:
3451:
3374:Saqqawist Emirate
3301:Abdur Rahman Khan
3235:Ayub Shah Durrani
3103:
3102:
3094:Succeeded by
3081:
3072:Republic declared
3052:Republic declared
3049:Succeeded by
2915:history.state.gov
1810:Chesterman, Simon
1485:
1484:
1437:Titles and styles
1419:
1418:
1403:29 September 2023
1335:15 November 1946
1057:
1056:
849:Soviet–Afghan War
825:house of Barakzai
763:World record loop
755:General Ayub Khan
744:C-in-C of the PAF
727:
638:Battle of Yarkand
634:Battle of Kashgar
622:New 36th Division
589:League of Nations
541:Pasteur Institute
522:Abdur Rahman Khan
465:Royal Afghan Army
331:
330:
146:Prince Ahmad Shah
4349:
4227:Barakzai dynasty
4189:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4120:Mohmand campaign
4105:Afghan Civil War
4070:First Afghan War
4060:Battle of Jamrud
4035:Battle of Chausa
3997:Bannu Resolution
3924:Citizens' groups
3921:
3920:
3872:Abdul Hamid Baba
3794:Pashtun clothing
3739:Manzoor Pashteen
3734:Malala Yousafzai
3609:Wazir Akbar Khan
3523:Barakzai dynasty
3479:
3472:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3411:
3410:
3405:Barakzai Kingdom
3403:
3401:
3400:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3356:Inayatullah Khan
3336:Barakzai Kingdom
3334:
3332:
3331:
3253:Barakzai Emirate
3251:
3249:
3248:
3230:Ali Shah Durrani
3195:
3193:
3192:
3164:Abdul Aziz Hotak
3149:
3148:
3147:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3077:
3053:
3032:Preceded by
3022:
3015:
3006:Barakzai dynasty
2997:
2996:
2919:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2891:. Archived from
2886:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2513:Associated Press
2504:
2498:
2497:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2181:. 29 April 1979.
2171:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2108:
2102:
2091:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2030:"Before Taliban"
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1953:. 1 October 2001
1943:
1932:
1931:
1917:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1874:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1767:The New York Sun
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1743:on 30 March 2008
1729:
1716:
1715:
1708:"Lycee Esteqlal"
1704:
1698:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1681:. 19 March 2009.
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1593:
1584:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1546:
1509:
1500:
1461:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1412:Farkhudna Begum
1406:
1379:2 February 1973
1374:
1370:
1368:
1341:
1316:6 February 1964
1312:
1305:
1303:
1281:
1278:25 December 2021
1275:2 November 1936
1274:
1272:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1203:
1200:26 November 1942
1173:Abdul Wali Khan
1165:
1161:
1159:
1121:
1120:
1034:
1018:
1017:
901:Afghan Civil War
857:Voice of America
728:
704:, a parliament,
581:Shah Mahmud Khan
476:Mah Parwar Begum
467:for former king
375:new constitution
349:
348:
327:
304:Mah Parwar Begum
253:
229:
227:
223:
219:
178:
137:
108:
51:
39:
38:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4149:
4144:
4022:
4016:
3969:
3959:
3943:
3919:
3906:
3862:Khushal Khattak
3833:
3767:Pashtun cuisine
3762:Pashtun culture
3748:
3539:Alauddin Khilji
3527:
3518:Durrani dynasty
3489:
3488:-related topics
3483:
3453:
3448:
3434:
3408:
3407:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3377:
3376:
3367:
3365:
3360:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3306:Habibullah Khan
3246:
3244:
3239:
3190:
3188:
3183:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3099:
3090:
3082:
3074:
3069:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3037:
3016:
3014:16 October 1914
3010:
3009:
3002:
2959:The Independent
2928:
2923:
2922:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2747:. 10 April 2014
2739:
2738:
2734:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2632:
2628:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2480:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2458:. 17 April 2002
2450:
2449:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2403:. 17 April 2017
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2337:. 14 April 2002
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2302:
2298:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2202:The Independent
2193:
2186:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2109:
2105:
2101:, 23 July 2007.
2092:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2001:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1935:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1875:
1871:
1863:Dupree, Louis:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1781:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1731:
1730:
1719:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1690:
1686:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1638:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1547:
1536:
1531:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1467:Reference style
1449:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1407:(aged 66)
1404:
1400:7 January 1957
1372:
1366:
1364:
1342:(aged 56)
1339:
1338:7 December 2002
1313:(aged 80)
1310:
1301:
1299:
1282:(aged 85)
1279:
1270:
1268:
1238:(aged 89)
1235:
1226:
1224:
1220:Ahmad Shah Khan
1201:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1136:Their children
1108:
1070:
1004:
909:
877:Osama bin Laden
829:Saur Revolution
793:
787:
719:
585:Prime Ministers
553:
434:
387:Afghan conflict
264:
262:
260:
258:
254:
249:
248:
244:
231:
215:
211:
208:
195:
182:
180:
176:
160:
159:15 October 1914
135:
134:
98:
77:8 November 1933
54:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4355:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4262:Pashtun people
4259:
4257:Exiled royalty
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4194:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4125:Tribal revolts
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4090:Tirah campaign
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4040:Malandari Pass
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3925:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3847:Amir Kror Suri
3843:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3809:Pashtun tribes
3806:
3804:Pashto singers
3801:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3782:Pashtunization
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Amanullah Khan
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3378:(unrecognized)
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3346:
3344:Amanullah Khan
3340:
3338:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3318:Nasrullah Khan
3315:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3197:Durrani Empire
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3092:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3027:Regnal titles
3024:
3023:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2973:
2962:
2947:
2936:
2927:
2926:External links
2924:
2921:
2920:
2902:
2872:
2847:
2836:. 4 April 2022
2821:
2795:
2784:
2772:Foreign Policy
2758:
2732:
2717:
2691:
2679:
2652:
2626:
2597:
2570:
2558:The New Yorker
2544:
2519:
2499:
2492:
2469:
2440:
2414:
2388:
2360:
2348:
2322:
2296:
2281:
2255:
2246:
2220:
2184:
2166:
2155:
2130:
2123:
2103:
2093:Barry Bearak,
2071:
2046:
2021:
1992:
1964:
1933:
1922:. p. 13.
1903:
1889:
1869:
1856:
1849:
1831:
1824:
1801:
1772:
1754:
1717:
1699:
1684:
1666:
1632:
1613:
1585:
1572:
1558:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1514:
1513:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:Royal Standard
1489:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1438:
1435:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:18 April 1966
1343:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:Lailuma Begum
1317:
1314:
1307:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1276:
1266:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1232:
1222:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1204:(aged 9)
1198:
1197:4 August 1933
1195:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1107:
1104:
1080:, and smoking
1069:
1066:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1023:Afghan afghani
1003:
1000:
908:
905:
831:, the leftist
823:, of the same
821:Amanullah Khan
786:
783:
734:, followed by
710:women's rights
702:free elections
619:Chinese Muslim
552:
549:
469:Amanullah Khan
433:
430:
402:prime minister
383:nonpartisanism
360:Durrani Empire
329:
328:
321:
317:
316:
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
296:
291:
287:
286:
281:
275:
274:
271:
267:
266:
239:
233:
232:
213:
209:
204:
203:
201:
197:
196:
193:
191:
187:
186:
179:(aged 92)
173:
169:
168:
157:
153:
152:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
110:
109:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4354:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4337:Sons of kings
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:Afghan exiles
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4192:
4182:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:controversies
3966:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3892:Ajmal Khattak
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Hussain Hotak
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3729:Malalai Kakar
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Mohammed Omar
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:Mulla Powinda
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3584:Mirwais Hotak
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3564:Sher Shah Sur
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:Hotak dynasty
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3406:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3375:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3312:Jehandad Khan
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3276:Sher Ali Khan
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3186:
3180:
3179:Hussain Hotak
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Mirwais Hotak
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3068:
3067:Loss of title
3064:
3061:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3013:
3008:
3007:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2788:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2746:
2745:New Statesman
2742:
2736:
2728:
2721:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2683:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2616:
2608:
2601:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2493:1-85065-683-5
2489:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2377:
2370:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2336:
2335:The Telegraph
2332:
2326:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2285:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2250:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2159:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2124:90-04-07128-8
2120:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1892:
1890:0-521-25514-7
1886:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1850:0-19-511055-2
1846:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1825:92-808-1107-X
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1602:
1598:
1597:"Afghanistan"
1592:
1590:
1582:
1576:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1526:
1524:
1508:
1499:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:Fatima Begum
1373:(age 75)
1371:14 April 1949
1359:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:Safura Begum
1330:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:Khatul Begum
1221:
1218:Crown Prince
1216:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:Crown Prince
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1164:(age 92)
1162:17 April 1932
1152:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1112:Humaira Begum
1103:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:Personal life
1061:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1008:
999:
995:
993:
989:
985:
980:
978:
973:
971:
965:
962:
960:
955:
951:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
922:
918:
913:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:Humaira Begum
809:
807:
802:
798:
792:
782:
779:
777:
772:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
737:
733:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
690:
685:
681:
679:
675:
674:United States
671:
666:
665:modernisation
662:
658:
650:
645:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
620:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
557:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
520:
516:
513:during 1879,
512:
508:
504:
500:
497:
493:
489:
488:British India
485:
481:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
347:محمد ظاهر شاه
343:
339:
335:
326:
322:
318:
315:
312:
308:
305:
302:
298:
295:
292:
288:
285:
282:
280:
276:
273:محمد ظاهر شاه
272:
268:
257:
252:
247:
243:
240:
238:
234:
207:
206:Humaira Begum
202:
198:
192:
188:
185:
174:
170:
167:
163:
158:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
106:
102:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
26:
22:
4002:Kalabagh Dam
3982:Pashtunistan
3799:Pashto media
3719:Ashraf Ghani
3714:Hamid Karzai
3688:
3674:Faqir of Ipi
3664:Sartor Faqir
3639:Soraya Tarzi
3634:Mahmud Tarzi
3589:Mahmud Hotak
3554:Ibrahim Lodi
3508:Suri dynasty
3503:Lodi dynasty
3442:
3427:
3422:
3350:Abd-al Karim
3348:
3310:
3174:Ashraf Hotak
3169:Mahmud Hotak
3151:Hotak Empire
3084:
3083:
3078:
3066:
3040:
3021:23 July 2007
3018:
3011:
3004:
2979:
2970:The Observer
2968:
2957:
2942:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2893:the original
2875:
2863:. Retrieved
2859:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2833:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2807:
2798:
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2771:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2744:
2735:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2704:
2694:
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2639:
2629:
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2583:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2557:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2511:
2502:
2483:
2460:. Retrieved
2455:
2431:. Retrieved
2427:
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2400:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2375:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2334:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:
2299:
2284:
2272:. Retrieved
2268:
2258:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2234:The Guardian
2233:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:the original
2200:
2178:
2169:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2142:
2133:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2062:. Retrieved
2058:
2049:
2037:. Retrieved
2033:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2008:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:The Observer
1977:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1919:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1879:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1840:
1834:
1814:
1804:
1792:. Retrieved
1789:The Observer
1788:
1766:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:the original
1736:
1711:
1702:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1645:
1635:
1627:The Guardian
1626:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1600:
1575:
1561:
1548:
1522:
1520:
1481:Your Majesty
1478:Spoken style
1448:
1420:
1405:(2023-09-29)
1340:(2002-12-07)
1311:(2022-04-03)
1309:3 April 2022
1306:21 May 1941
1280:(2021-12-25)
1264:Maryam Begum
1236:(2024-06-05)
1202:(1942-11-26)
1151:Bilqis Begum
1109:
1099:
1097:
1086:
1071:
1045:
1039:
1013:
996:
981:
974:
966:
963:
941:Hamid Karzai
933:Taliban rule
926:
921:Hamid Karzai
919:ceremony of
870:
844:Shah of Iran
837:
810:
794:
780:
768:
694:
689:Marshal Tito
678:Soviet Union
670:factionalism
657:World War II
654:
609:
572:
562:
530:
438:Deh Afghanan
435:
391:
365:He expanded
364:
333:
332:
177:(2007-07-23)
175:23 July 2007
132:Prince Daoud
95:
74:Installation
36:
4212:2007 deaths
4207:1914 births
4167:Afghanistan
4075:Ambela Pass
4021:Battles and
3992:Durand Line
3897:Kabir Stori
3857:Rahman Baba
3772:Pashtunwali
3724:Arfa Siddiq
3544:Bahlul Lodi
3532:Key figures
2954:Robert Fisk
2376:justice.gov
2163:Afghan Data
1865:Afghanistan
1659:1 September
1472:His Majesty
1234:5 June 2024
1074:photography
950:Durand Line
893:Durand Line
801:coup d'état
747:Asghar Khan
740:Nahid Mirza
630:Ma Zhancang
593:Axis powers
446:Afghanistan
414:monarchical
398:coup d'état
356:Afghanistan
314:Sunni Islam
128:Predecessor
82:Predecessor
4201:Categories
3968:Topics and
3902:Ghani Khan
3887:Hamza Baba
3867:Nazo Tokhi
3852:Pir Roshan
3814:Loya jirga
3694:Daoud Khan
3689:Zahir Shah
3659:Bacha Khan
3649:Nadir Shah
3624:Saidu Baba
3409:(restored)
3271:Akbar Khan
2834:BBC Pashto
1985:1 February
1957:1 February
1712:World News
1529:References
1367:1949-04-14
1302:1941-05-21
1271:1936-11-02
1227:1934-09-23
1158:1932-04-17
988:intestinal
946:Loya Jirga
881:cigarillos
873:Portuguese
817:Via Cassia
806:abdication
789:See also:
776:Quran 8:61
616:Kuomintang
515:Yaqub Khan
101:Daoud Khan
4191:Biography
4065:Herat War
4023:conflicts
3744:Ali Wazir
3684:Wali Khan
3669:Umra Khan
3559:Gaju Khan
3495:Dynasties
3296:Ayub Khan
2865:1 October
2615:cite news
2584:The Times
2401:Gulf News
2369:"Justice"
2117:. Brill.
1654:0362-4331
1606:16 August
1445:Styles of
1262:Princess
1149:Princess
1133:Marriage
984:New Delhi
897:Islamabad
799:staged a
526:Musahiban
471:, and of
320:Signature
142:Successor
92:Successor
2931:C-SPAN:
2860:TOLOnews
2751:12 March
2710:12 March
2666:Archived
2537:31 March
2456:BBC News
2239:18 March
2039:12 March
1928:54592886
1794:18 March
1747:18 March
1579:C-SPAN:
885:Rebibbia
859:and the
751:Nur Khan
736:Iskandar
676:and the
543:and the
484:Dehradun
450:Barakzai
410:republic
371:Cold War
310:Religion
284:Barakzai
4179:Royalty
4153:Portals
3955:Taliban
3754:Culture
3486:Pashtun
3443:Italics
3429:Salemai
2965:Profile
2941:at the
2935:(video)
2840:5 April
2814:5 April
2672:8 March
2645:8 March
2590:8 March
2586:. Malta
2563:8 March
2462:8 March
2433:8 March
2407:8 March
2381:8 March
2341:8 April
2315:8 March
2274:8 March
2213:23 July
2064:8 March
2014:8 March
1896:28 June
1144:Spouse
1046:Reverse
1040:Obverse
1025:(1961)
970:the Arg
691:in 1968
632:at the
624:of the
597:Germany
453:Pashtun
230:
214:
210:
3911:Groups
3777:Pashto
3402:
3371:
3333:
3250:
3194:
3017:
2777:3 July
2490:
2148:2 June
2121:
1926:
1887:
1847:
1822:
1652:
1130:Death
1127:Birth
1106:Family
1089:Pashto
1082:cigars
712:, and
651:(1963)
603:, and
563:Zahir
496:Sardar
377:and a
338:Pashto
300:Mother
290:Father
270:Pashto
220:
200:Spouse
190:Burial
181:Kabul,
120:Tenure
3839:Poets
3829:Jirga
3019:Died:
3012:Born:
2885:(PDF)
2372:(PDF)
1924:S2CID
1916:(PDF)
1679:UNAMA
1285:1960
1241:1961
1170:1951
1124:Name
1116:Kabul
1078:chess
1002:Death
977:femur
840:villa
833:Khalq
785:Exile
605:Japan
601:Italy
551:Reign
473:Begum
448:to a
442:Kabul
394:Italy
279:House
237:Issue
228:)
216:(
212:
162:Kabul
66:Reign
2867:2023
2842:2022
2816:2022
2779:2021
2753:2019
2712:2019
2674:2019
2647:2019
2621:link
2592:2019
2565:2019
2539:2018
2488:ISBN
2464:2019
2435:2019
2409:2019
2383:2019
2343:2024
2317:2019
2276:2019
2241:2008
2215:2007
2150:2018
2119:ISBN
2066:2019
2041:2019
2016:2019
1987:2008
1959:2008
1898:2010
1885:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1796:2008
1749:2008
1661:2021
1650:ISSN
1608:2023
1141:Date
1100:Baba
1093:Dari
959:Baba
917:oath
738:and
636:and
579:and
565:Khan
519:Emir
418:Rome
342:Dari
226:2002
222:1931
172:Died
156:Born
1951:BBC
931:of
929:end
889:ISI
861:BBC
771:Pul
595:of
528:).
440:in
103:as
4203::
2967:,
2956:,
2952:,
2913:.
2887:.
2858:.
2832:.
2806:.
2770:.
2743:.
2703:.
2664:.
2638:.
2617:}}
2613:{{
2582:.
2556:.
2522:^
2510:.
2472:^
2454:.
2443:^
2426:.
2399:.
2374:.
2333:.
2308:.
2267:.
2232:.
2199:.
2187:^
2177:.
2141:.
2097:,
2074:^
2057:.
2032:.
2007:.
1995:^
1976:.
1949:.
1936:^
1918:.
1787:.
1775:^
1765:.
1735:.
1720:^
1710:.
1694:,
1677:.
1648:.
1644:.
1625:.
1599:.
1588:^
1553:,
1537:^
1525:.
1369:)
1213:—
1210:—
1207:—
1160:)
1102:.
1091:,
1084:.
1076:,
1021:5
979:.
868:.
778:.
757:,
749:,
716:.
708:,
607:.
599:,
486:,
444:,
404:,
389:.
344::
218:m.
164:,
4155::
3478:e
3471:t
3464:v
3128:e
3121:t
3114:v
2917:.
2869:.
2844:.
2818:.
2781:.
2755:.
2714:.
2649:.
2623:)
2594:.
2567:.
2541:.
2516:.
2496:.
2466:.
2437:.
2411:.
2385:.
2345:.
2319:.
2278:.
2243:.
2217:.
2152:.
2127:.
2068:.
2043:.
2018:.
1989:.
1961:.
1930:.
1900:.
1853:.
1828:.
1798:.
1769:.
1751:.
1714:.
1663:.
1610:.
1365:(
1304:)
1300:(
1273:)
1269:(
1229:)
1225:(
1156:(
340:/
336:(
107:)
99:(
34:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
