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Moisturizer

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340:. There are many different moisturizer products, but the majority of leave-on treatments (from least to most greasy) are one of the following: lotions, creams, gels, or ointments. As none of the different types of moisturizers are more effective than the others, people with atopic dermatitis need to choose one or more products according to their age, affected body site, climate/season, and personal preference. However using moisturizers daily in infants during the first year of life does not help to prevent the development of atopic dermatitis, and might even increase the risk of skin infections. 2598: 20: 395:(MHRA) released a warning in 2008 about the flammability of paraffin-based products. MHRA recommends that regular paraffin users change their sheets regularly, refrain from smoking and/or bringing open flames near paraffin-coated people or objects. MHRA also recommends that skin creams containing any paraffin have a flammability warning on the packaging. 1212:
Kelleher MM, Phillips R, Brown SJ, Cro S, Cornelius V, Carlsen KC, Skjerven HO, Rehbinder EM, Lowe AJ, Dissanayake E, Shimojo N, Yonezawa K, Ohya Y, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Morita K, Axon E, Cork M, Cooke A, Van Vogt E, Schmitt J, Weidinger S, McClanahan D, Simpson E, Duley L, Askie LM, Williams HC, Boyle
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released a warning in 2014 that natural lotion containing ingredients commonly found in food (such as goats milk, cow's milk, coconut milk, or oil) may introduce new allergies, potentially causing an allergic reaction upon later consuming such foods. A paper published in 2021 noted that frequent skin
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Paraffin-based skincare products and contaminated clothing can pose a serious fire hazard. Between 2010 and 2018, paraffin was linked to 50 fire incidents (49 of which were fatal) in the U.K. A West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service study found that clothing contaminated with cream containing only
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are hydrophilic and absorb water. They absorb water from humid air (when >70% humidity) to moisturize the skin. More commonly, however, they draw out water from the dermis into the epidermis, making deeper skin dryer. When used in practical applications, humectants are combined with occlusives.
1483: 247:. Some products are marketed as having anti-wrinkle and skin enhancement effects. Many plant and animal extracts have been claimed to impart skin benefits, but such claims are presented with little scientific evidence. 1475: 1307: 1543: 353:
Persistent moisturization to the skin via water contact may contribute to an allergic reaction or contact dermatitis. This could allow foreign objects to penetrate the skin.
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are especially vulnerable to allergic reaction with lotions and creams, as their compromised skin barrier allows preservatives to bind with and activate immune cells.
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There is currently no regulation over use of the term "hypoallergenic". In fact, some pediatric skin products marketed as hypoallergenic contained allergens.
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applied to normal skin can reduce that loss by 50–75% for several hours. Oils naturally produced by the human body moisturize through this same mechanism.
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against pathogens, dirt, or damage, while protecting itself from drying out and becoming brittle and rigid. The ability to retain moisture depends on the
1420: 392: 378: 792: 336:(eczema). Using moisturizers helps to improve skin comfort and may reduce disease flares. They can be used as leave-on treatments, bath additives, or 1266: 1133:"Effectiveness and safety of lotion, cream, gel, and ointment emollients for childhood eczema: a pragmatic, randomised, phase 4, superiority trial" 88:
form a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the skin, keeping moisture from escaping. The more occlusive the formulation, the greater the effect.
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moisturization in early life might promote the development of food allergy, even when skin conditions such as eczema are taken into account.
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Moisturizers modify the rate of water loss, with active ingredients of moisturizers falling into one of two categories: occlusives and
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Changes in the skin's normal ecological environment–either atop or within the skin–can also allow for the overgrowth of pathogens.
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van Zuuren, Esther J; Fedorowicz, Zbys; Christensen, Robin; Lavrijsen, Adriana PM; Arents, Bernd WM (2017-02-06).
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Aromas or food additives in moisturizers may trigger an immune reaction, including development of an allergy.
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In the human body, water constantly evaporates from the deeper layers of the skin through an effect known as
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is one of the most effective moisturizers, although it can be unpopular due to its oily consistency.
2609: 2329: 2022: 1991: 1159: 60: 2226: 2091: 2027: 63:. By regulating its water content, human skin naturally maintains a dry, easily shed surface as a 2554: 2409: 2314: 2096: 1870: 1692: 1607: 475: 445: 280: 2369: 2279: 2269: 2206: 1687: 186: 151: 2241: 2579: 2221: 2032: 1880: 616: 714: 2564: 2126: 2111: 2047: 1865: 480: 430: 420: 236: 155: 8: 2464: 2449: 2216: 2186: 2166: 1902: 1850: 1789: 1131:
Ridd MJ, Santer M, MacNeill SJ, Sanderson E, Wells S, Webb D, et al. (August 2022).
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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Moisturizers commonly contain water, which acts as a temporary hydration agent.
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produced by healthy skin. The word "emollient" is derived from the Latin verb
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21% paraffin, when set alight, was fully engulfed in flame in 3 seconds. The
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Moisturizers are used for the treatment of certain skin diseases, such as
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Chuberre, B.; Araviiskaia, E.; Bieber, T.; Barbaud, A. (November 2019).
100:. Water loss through the skin is normally about 4–8 g/(m⋅h). A layer of 2499: 2494: 2414: 2364: 2359: 2294: 2151: 1981: 1922: 1809: 1662: 1566: 1009:"Which emollients are effective and acceptable for eczema in children?" 490: 485: 315: 311: 228: 175: 120: 101: 40: 2304: 1027: 961: 944: 2514: 2459: 2191: 1804: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1657: 1623: 543: 538: 465: 455: 295: 256: 232: 209: 205: 79: 36: 1536:"Paraffin-based skin emollients on dressings or clothing: fire risk" 19: 2574: 2559: 2489: 2444: 2354: 2264: 2211: 2196: 2176: 2136: 2106: 2101: 1965: 1955: 1927: 1907: 1753: 1748: 1672: 1667: 1652: 1642: 1267:"Researchers find link between natural lotions, new food allergies" 548: 520: 440: 268: 224: 194: 190: 89: 2484: 2309: 2259: 2171: 1897: 1892: 1875: 1819: 853:
Sethi, Anisha; Kaur, Tejinder; Malhotra, SK; Gambhir, ML (2016).
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Harwood, Anne; Nassereddin, Ali; Krishnamurthy, Karthik (2020).
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Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
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Ridd MJ, Roberts A, Grindlay D, Williams HC (October 2019).
2181: 1130: 1006: 500: 288: 1558: 1211: 852: 1567:"Skin creams containing paraffin linked to fire deaths" 1446:"Fire tests show dangers of paraffin-based skin creams" 1213:
RJ, et al. (Cochrane Skin Group) (November 2022).
819:"Skin Physiology, Irritants, Dry Skin and Moisturizers" 39:
used for protecting, moisturizing, and lubricating the
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Moisturizers show some beneficial effects in treating
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Skin Physiology, Irritants, Dry Skin and Moisturizers
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American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
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Schueller, Randy; Romanowski, Perry (24 July 2020).
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Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
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American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
283:. They are often combined with humectants, such as 1183: 212:. For this reason, they have essentially replaced 1565:Goldberg, Adrian; Robinson, Ben (19 March 2017). 2627: 1564: 1506:"Paraffin-based treatments: risk of fire hazard" 1440: 1438: 1294: 1292: 119:There are many different types of moisturizers. 219:Moisturizer cosmetics may additionally contain 1359: 1608: 1435: 1289: 275:. More often, they are bases or vehicles for 846: 783:Publishing, Harvard Health (February 2008). 698:Kirk-Othmer Chemical Technology of Cosmetics 43:. These functions are normally performed by 1360:Schlichte, Megan J.; Katta, Rajani (2014). 1219:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1191:Eczema in children: uncertainties addressed 914:"Choosing a good moisturizer for your skin" 912:Publishing, Harvard Health (5 April 2018). 695: 610: 608: 1615: 1601: 991: 911: 782: 2071: 1387: 1377: 1238: 1160:1983/e4009d3c-127f-4aa9-bf71-e40401b33eee 1158: 1148: 1137:The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health 1107: 960: 888: 870: 712: 708: 706: 614: 398: 343: 1260: 1258: 1076:"Emollients and moisturisers for eczema" 812: 810: 691: 689: 605: 204:Mineral oils and waxes are not prone to 18: 1080:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 696:Arza Seidel; et al., eds. (2013), 2628: 1413:"Some skin creams bad news for eczema" 992:Tony Burns; et al., eds. (2010), 816: 795:from the original on 20 September 2023 703: 621:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 22. 348: 216:in emollients and topical medication. 181:Moisturizers may also be available as 54: 2070: 1596: 1577:from the original on 15 December 2020 1516:from the original on 21 February 2022 1456:from the original on 29 November 2021 1410: 1310:from the original on 19 November 2023 1255: 1193:(Report). NIHR Evidence. 2024-03-19. 1069: 1067: 807: 686: 657:Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin 572: 294:Moisturizers are also widely used in 1546:from the original on 4 February 2022 1486:from the original on 8 November 2020 764:from the original on 28 January 2023 1328: 924:from the original on 1 October 2023 725:from the original on 25 August 2023 635:from the original on 1 October 2023 615:MacDonald, Matthew (21 July 2009). 13: 1264: 1124: 1064: 674:from the original on 11 April 2023 593:from the original on 11 April 2023 14: 2652: 1366:Dermatology Research and Practice 1341:from the original on 4 March 2016 855:"Moisturizers: The Slippery Road" 2597: 2596: 96:, which are more occlusive than 1528: 1498: 1468: 1423:from the original on 2016-09-24 1404: 1353: 1335:BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE NEWS 1322: 1205: 1053:from the original on 2023-04-11 1000: 985: 936: 905: 713:Duffill, Mark; Oakley, Amanda. 126:Other popular moisturizers are 1231:10.1002/14651858.CD013534.pub3 1092:10.1002/14651858.cd012119.pub2 994:Rook's Textbook of Dermatology 776: 737: 647: 573:Marks, Ronald (January 1997). 566: 1: 1622: 1411:Doyle, Kathryn (2013-12-12). 1150:10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00146-8 859:Indian Journal of Dermatology 785:"Moisturizers: Do they work?" 715:"Emollients and moisturisers" 618:Your Body: The Missing Manual 559: 385: 359: 7: 1841:Hair coloring and bleaching 527: 10: 2657: 2641:Emollients and protectives 1199:10.3310/nihrevidence_62438 817:Marino, Christina (2006). 660:. CRC Press. p. 111. 402: 2592: 2077: 2066: 2015: 1974: 1938: 1828: 1777: 1741: 1630: 752:. StatPearls Publishing. 321:Moisturizers are used in 61:transepidermal water loss 872:10.4103/0019-5154.182427 579:. CRC Press. p. 1. 325:to prevent dry skin and 114: 92:are more occlusive than 2315:Laura Mercier Cosmetics 2097:Anastasia Beverly Hills 2023:Cosmetic electrotherapy 1648:Botulinum toxin (Botox) 2280:Jeffree Star Cosmetics 2207:Daigaku Honyaku Center 399:Brands of moisturizers 344:Potential health risks 250: 24: 2222:Elizabeth Arden, Inc. 2127:Bath & Body Works 2072:Major cosmetic brands 2033:Cosmetics advertising 481:Johnson & Johnson 431:Bath & Body Works 237:penetration enhancers 22: 2410:Neal's Yard Remedies 2048:History of cosmetics 2028:Cosmetic ingredients 409:adding missing items 281:Whitfield's ointment 156:polyethylene glycols 37:cosmetic preparation 2187:ColourPop Cosmetics 1790:Circle contact lens 1379:10.1155/2014/132564 349:Over-moisturization 261:ichthyosis vulgaris 144:isopropyl palmitate 140:isopropyl myristate 55:Mechanism of action 2038:Cosmetic packaging 1795:Eyelash extensions 323:disposable diapers 277:topical medication 178:, and other oils. 25: 2623: 2622: 2588: 2587: 2565:Victoria's Secret 2275:Helena Rubinstein 2157:Bumble and bumble 2053:Cosmetic industry 1265:Graham, Melissa. 1028:10.1136/bmj.l5882 962:10.1111/jdv.15946 955:(Suppl 7): 5–14. 667:978-1-000-11037-1 628:978-1-4493-9201-7 586:978-1-85317-439-1 334:atopic dermatitis 327:diaper dermatitis 273:atopic dermatitis 16:Type of cosmetics 2648: 2600: 2599: 2385:Morphe Cosmetics 2350:Make Up For Ever 2167:Carol's Daughter 2068: 2067: 1946:Artificial nails 1903:Styling products 1708:Permanent makeup 1638:Anti-aging cream 1617: 1610: 1603: 1594: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1502: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1442: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1391: 1381: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1329:Parsons, Julia. 1326: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1306:. 4 March 2021. 1296: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1273:. 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1288: 1254: 1204: 1182: 1143:(8): 522–532. 1123: 1063: 999: 996:(8th ed.) 984: 935: 918:Harvard Health 904: 865:(3): 279–287. 845: 806: 789:Harvard Health 775: 746:"Moisturizers" 736: 702: 685: 666: 646: 627: 604: 585: 564: 563: 561: 558: 557: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 529: 526: 524: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 417: 400: 397: 387: 384: 361: 358: 350: 347: 345: 342: 308:shaving creams 304:skin cleansers 285:salicylic acid 252: 249: 214:vegetable oils 116: 113: 94:aqueous creams 56: 53: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2653: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2535:The Face Shop 2533: 2531: 2530:The Body Shop 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2505:Sinful Colors 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 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2470:Revlon 2460:Pond's 2420:Nexxus 2395:Natura 2375:Missha 2247:Farmec 1987:Lotion 1918:pomade 1913:mousse 1886:waxing 1718:Powder 1713:Primer 1678:Facial 1540:GOV.UK 1510:GOV.UK 1480:GOV.UK 1396:  1386:  1247:  1237:  1175:  1167:  1116:  1106:  1098:  1042:  1034:  977:  969:  897:  887:  879:  756:  664:  625:  583:  436:CeraVe 426:Aveeno 372:eczema 314:, and 267:, and 243:, and 187:creams 98:lotion 2570:Wella 2520:Stila 2510:SK-II 2425:Nivea 2256:Fresh 2202:Cutex 2117:Aveda 2087:Almay 2082:Ahava 1939:Nails 1923:spray 1861:laser 1769:Stain 1764:Liner 1759:Gloss 1728:Toner 1723:Rouge 1173:S2CID 1051:(PDF) 1040:S2CID 1012:(PDF) 975:S2CID 833:(PDF) 822:(PDF) 516:Suave 496:Nivea 446:CurĂ©l 411:with 197:, or 115:Kinds 45:sebum 31:, or 2390:NARS 2340:Lush 2182:Coty 2122:Avon 1975:Body 1829:Hair 1815:Kohl 1778:Eyes 1754:Balm 1742:Lips 1631:Face 1583:2020 1552:2020 1522:2020 1492:2020 1462:2020 1429:2015 1394:PMID 1370:2014 1347:2015 1316:2022 1283:2015 1245:PMID 1223:2022 1165:PMID 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Index


cosmetic preparation
skin
sebum
transepidermal water loss
barrier
lipid bilayer
dead skin cells
humectants
Ointments
aqueous creams
lotion
petrolatum
Petrolatum
cetyl alcohol
cetearyl alcohol
cocoa butter
isopropyl myristate
isopropyl palmitate
lanolin
liquid paraffin
polyethylene glycols
shea butter
silicone oils
stearic acid
stearyl alcohol
castor oil
lotions
creams
ointments

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