421:. The Conference convenes triannually to discuss various issues related to state and national policies. The most important role of the Conference is to elect the Yang di-Pertuan Agong every five years or when a vacancy occurs. Only the rulers participate in the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, as well as discussions related to rulers' privileges and religious observances. The Conference's other role in the federal governance of the country is to give consent to amendments of certain entrenched provisions of the federal
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754:. The Undang of Jelebu is elected among the four noble houses, Waris Jelebu, Waris Ulu Jelebu, Waris Sarin and Waris Kemin. Undang of Johol are a succession of members of two families in the female line which are Perut Gemencheh and Perut Johol. The son of the eldest sister of the incumbent is usually the heir. The Undang of Rembau alternates between the two major noble houses in the Luak, namely the Waris Jakun (who inherit the title
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1692:. A consort may only use a title if it is granted to her either by order of the ruler or during a coronation ceremony. The consorts of different states have different titles, some do not even receive one. The title of a consort in a state may also change depending on the ruler. For instance, the wife of
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their turns. When the office was established in 1957, the order of seniority of the rulers was based on the length of their reigns on the state thrones. When the first cycle of rotation was completed in 1994, the order of the states in the first cycle became the basis of the order for the second cycle.
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The present form of constitutional monarchy in
Malaysia dates from 1957, when the Federation of Malaya gained independence. The rulers serve as constitutional heads of their states, with the state executive powers exercised by state governments elected by the people. The rulers elect among themselves
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as the Raja Muda (first in line to the throne), bypassing the candidates from the other two branches. The appointment was due to the demise of the previous Raja Muda, Raja Ahmed
Sifuddin, and the renouncement of the Raja Di-hilir (second in line to the throne), Raja Ahmad Hisham, for health reasons.
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In addition, the district of Tampin has its own hereditary ruler, known as the Tunku Besar. The Tunku Besars of Tampin are descendants of Sharif Sha'aban Syed
Ibrahim al-Qadri, the son-in-law of Raja Ali, a member of the state royal family who challenged the reign of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar in the
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is elected by and among the nine rulers (excluding minors) every five years or when a vacancy arises (by death, resignation, or deposition by majority vote of the rulers). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong serves a maximum of five years, and may not be re-elected until after all the other states had taken
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The modern royal house of Pahang is a branch of the royal family of Johor. They held the title of
Bendahara. In 1853, the Bendahara, Tun Muhammad Tahir, broke away from the Johor sultan and declared the state of Pahang independent. He was later deposed by his brother Ahmad, who declared himself
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became the dominant power on the peninsula. The
Malacca Sultanate was the first Malay Muslim state based on the peninsula that was also a real regional maritime power. After the fall of Malacca in 1511, several local rulers emerged in the northern part of the peninsula which later fell under
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In Perak, the throne is rotated among three branches of the royal family. The system originated in the 19th century during the reign of the 18th Sultan of Perak, when it was decided that the throne would rotate among his three sons and their descendants. There are six positions in the
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influence, while two princes of the
Malaccan royal family founded Johor and Perak respectively. The Sultanate of Johor emerged as the dominant power on the peninsula. The vast territory of Johor led to some areas gaining autonomy, which gradually developed into independent states.
484:. The British wrestled Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu from Siamese influence, and in turn they each received a British "advisor". Johor was the last state to succumb to British pressure, receiving an advisor in 1914. These five states were known as the
322:
in his state. As with other constitutional monarchs around the world, the rulers do not participate in the actual governance in their states; instead, each of them is bound by convention to act on the advice of the head of government of his state, known as
466:
In the 19th century, as various infighting among the Malay aristocracy threatened
British economic interests in the region, the British began a policy of intervention. The British concluded treaties with some Malay states, installing
331:, and refusing a dissolution of the state assembly when requested by the Menteri Besar. The powers of the monarchs have been restricted over time, although there is debate about the precise limits of their powers.
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a federal head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, with the federal executive powers exercised by an elected federal government. The form of constitutional monarchy was retained when
Malaysia was formed in 1963.
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ruling powers of their states. These residents held power in everything except in religious affairs and Malay customs. In 1895, the governance of Negeri
Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor were combined as the
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The first Sultan of
Selangor was HRH Sultan Sallehuddin Shah of Selangor. He took the title as the Sultan in November 1742. He was the son of the famous Bugis warrior Prince Daeng Chelak.
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in the 18th century. Raja Melewar was succeeded by other princes sent from Pagaruyung, whose sons did not inherit the throne until Raja Raden in 1831, who was the son of Raja Lenggang.
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sultanate was founded by the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Sultan Muzaffar Shah. His descendants still live until this day. The Sultan of Perak resides in Istana Iskandariah in
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2072:) are the cities and towns where the official residences of the rulers are situated. In some states, the royal capital is different from the administrative capital.
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serves as the royal city. The main palace for ceremonial functions is Istana Balai Besar, while Istana Negeri serves as the current sultan's residence.
612:, son of Long Yunus, declared himself Sultan in 1800 and gained recognition as a tributary by the Siamese. Control over Kelantan was transferred to the
327:(pl. Menteri-menteri Besar). However, the ruler of each state has discretionary powers in appointing the Menteri Besar that commands a majority in the
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Titles of consorts usually take the form Che Puan/Cik Puan, Raja Perempuan/Raja Permaisuri, Tengku Ampuan/Tengku Permaisuri, Sultanah or Permaisuri.
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of Malaysia. As the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected among the rulers, Malaysia, as a whole, is also an elective monarchy.
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was the son of the last Sultan of Malacca, who reigned from 1528. In the 19th century, with support from the British, the
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except in religious matters. Widespread opposition by Malay nationalists led to the reform of Malayan Union to become the
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rulers, collectively referred to as the Malay states. State constitutions limit eligibility for the thrones to male Malay
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which was headed by a British governor. Under the terms of the Union, the Malay rulers conceded all their powers to the
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customs. The Undang of Sungai Ujong is chosen among the Waris Hulu and Waris Hilir families, and inherits the title
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in 1946, the British combined the Federated Malay States and the Unfederated Malay States, together with two of the
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Each of the nine rulers serves as the head of state of his own state, as well as the head of the religion of
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was not selected as the next Yamtuan Besar because of his youth. Instead, the Chieftains elected his uncle,
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Installation of the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan Tuanku Muhriz Ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir
2001:
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354:. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of Islam in his own state, the four states without rulers (
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1103:. No female may become ruler, and female line descendants are generally excluded from succession.
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The title of the consort of a monarch is not generally fixed and not automatically obtained
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The state of Selangor is on the west coast of Peninsular of Malaysia and is bordered by
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is situated in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia, and is bordered in the northwest by
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in 1948, in which the rulers were restored to their symbolic role as heads of state.
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as the national language, and the status of Islam as the religion of the federation.
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is known as the founder of "modern Johor". His descendants rule the state today.
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2550:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 478–484.
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of the state is nominally elected by a council of Four Ruling Chieftains (
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every 5 years or if the incumbent dies or abdicates the federal throne.
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46: in this template. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2867:"Sultan Sharafuddin's consort proclaimed as Tengku Permaisuri Selangor"
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was known as the Tengku Ampuan Besar, while the wife of his grandson
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Every five years or when a vacancy occurs, the rulers convene as the
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family gained recognition as rulers of the state. Its first sultan,
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was founded around 630 CE by Maharaja Derbar Raja, who arrived from
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Chieftains are selected among the nobility in each Luak, following
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A unique feature of the constitutional monarchy in Malaysia is the
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700:(Yam Tuan Besar), who is the Head of State of Negeri Sembilan.
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The early Sultans of Johor claimed to be a continuation of the
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567:. Sultan Mudzafar's descendants continue to rule Kedah today.
2495:"Malaysian democrats pin their hopes on the country's royals"
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of royal descent. Seven are hereditary monarchies based on
2765:. Office of the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal. Archived from
2563:(1956). Malaysian Historical Society. Volumes 3–5, p 11.
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after helping them suppress a rebellion by the Raja of
933:, the sons of Syed Abu Bakar Jamalullail, the chief of
441:
Historically, various Malay kingdoms flourished on the
281:, whereas the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is known as the
213:
of Malaysia are constitutionally headed by traditional
1462:
Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah
1019:
to the west. It surrounds the Federal Territories of
912:
The Sultan of Pahang resides in Istana Abdulaziz in
696:(chieftain). Four of the major chieftains elect the
199:. The political system of Malaysia is based on the
957:descent and continue to rule the state of Perlis.
682:Negeri Sembilan's monarchy incorporates a form of
471:" as advisors to the rulers, who soon became the
191:exist in each of the nine Malay states under the
3671:
1700:is known as the Sultanah (formerly Permaisuri).
453:in present-day Kedah. In the 15th century, the
2530:
206:in combination with features of a federation.
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2666:
2589:
1424:None; elected by the four ruling chieftains (
413:, consisting of the nine rulers and the four
2450:Constitution of Malaysia:Article 38-2(b)
686:, whereby the state is divided into smaller
664:The Sultan of Johor resides in the capital,
445:. The earliest kingdoms were influenced by
2899:
2885:
2825:. MalaysianMonarchy.org.my. Archived from
2795:. MalaysianMonarchy.org.my. Archived from
941:, was recognised as Raja of Perlis by the
842:Dato' Lela Maharaja / Dato' Sedia di-Raja
2572:Muhammad Ismail Ibrahim (17 March 2011).
2520:Constitution of Malaysia:Article 43-2
2369:
715:nobility in the nine small states in the
306:, the federal constitutional monarch and
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2725:
2483:Constitution of Malaysia:Article 3-2
1909:Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
559:king, Phra Ong Mahawangsa, converted to
480:, headed by a Resident General based in
122:
342:. His symbolic roles include being the
3672:
1694:Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu
1150:
1068:. Several outlying islands, including
729:
2906:
2880:
2648:. State Government of Negeri Sembilan
2626:. State Government of Negeri Sembilan
2075:The Yang di-Pertuan Agong resides in
3338:States and municipalities by exports
3027:2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis
1428:) from male descendants of previous
1079:The Sultan of Terengganu resides in
824:Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan
592:After centuries of subordination by
275:. The ruler of Perlis is styled the
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
2574:Kelantan's Castle: The Royal Palace
2534:; Graham, Walter Armstrong (1911).
2454:
1706:
1099:is generally determined roughly by
570:The seat of the Sultan of Kedah is
13:
2739:. 17 February 2011. Archived from
2709:. 30 December 2008. Archived from
2703:"Tuanku Muhriz is new Negri Ruler"
1030:The Sultan of Selangor resides in
960:The seat of the Raja of Perlis is
722:The seat of the Yam Tuan Besar is
671:
499:, Penang and Malacca, to form the
14:
3706:
2667:Radi Mustapha (26 October 2008).
2590:S. Indramalar (26 October 2009).
2583:
2400:Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
2059:
1666:62 years, 250 days old
1617:78 years, 279 days old
1568:81 years, 134 days old
1519:67 years, 306 days old
1477:Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah
1418:76 years, 258 days old
1369:54 years, 358 days old
1320:82 years, 151 days old
1271:65 years, 311 days old
1223:65 years, 311 days old
744:inheritance, part of the state's
2987:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
2849:"Schedule 6. Exemption From Tax"
2410:Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah
2341:
2313:
2283:
2255:
2227:
2196:
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2130:
2100:
2015:
1984:
1953:
1922:
1891:
1860:
1829:
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1470:65 years, 60 days old
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1076:, are also a part of the state.
953:region. The Jamalullails are of
690:(chiefdoms), each with a ruling
449:culture, the most notable being
302:) to elect among themselves the
20:
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31:needs additional citations for
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2537:"Malay States (British)"
2524:
2513:
2487:
2476:
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1095:In seven of the Malay states,
651:Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II
1:
3690:Political history of Malaysia
2958:Japanese occupation of Malaya
2464:. dfat.gov.au. September 2013
2436:
2386:Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun
1609:Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah
1511:Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah
1090:
1041:
926:House of Jamalullail (Perlis)
703:The first Yam Tuan Besar was
3272:State legislative assemblies
2992:Sarawak communist insurgency
2819:"Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIII"
2390:Sultan Azlan Muhibuddin Shah
2002:Tengku Permaisuri Norashikin
1823:12 September 2017 – present
1376:Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra
845:Dato' Muhamad Sharip Othman
804:Mendika Menteri Akhirulzaman
618:Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909
7:
3491:Water supply and sanitation
3017:1997 Asian financial crisis
2823:His Majesty and Her Majesty
2793:His Majesty and Her Majesty
2040:19 July 1998 – 5 June 2006
1885:29 December 2008 – present
1683:
1575:Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra
989:
581:
10:
3711:
3054:Cities, towns and villages
3012:1988 constitutional crisis
2789:"Yang di-Pertuan Agong IV"
2426:Raja Perempuan Tengku Anis
1916:22 January 2019 – present
1761:31 January 2024 – present
1698:Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
1675:, the Yang di-Pertuan Muda
1658:Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
1327:Tengku Sarafudin Badlishah
1134:appointed his eldest son,
1045:
993:
971:
923:
901:
887:Tunku Syed Razman al-Qadri
733:
675:
638:
585:
563:in 1136. He took the name
555:was founded when the last
522:
436:
329:state legislative assembly
3624:
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3385:
3293:
3284:
3182:
3173:
3044:
3035:
2918:
2026:
2013:
919:
897:
854:
536:Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa
3544:Malay ethnic nationalism
3002:Second Malayan Emergency
2580:. Accessed 13 June 2011.
2462:"Malaysia country brief"
2221:(Yang di-Pertuan Besar)
1854:2 August 2022 – present
1847:Sultanah Nur Diana Petra
1792:23 March 2015 – present
1106:In Negeri Sembilan, the
967:
939:Sultan Dziaddin of Kedah
931:Syed Hussein Jamalullail
634:
518:
486:Unfederated Malay States
313:
131:of the nine monarchical
55:"Monarchies of Malaysia"
2669:"Ceremony and protocol"
2547:Encyclopædia Britannica
1978:14 July 2000 – present
1947:20 June 2014 – present
195:system as practised in
193:constitutional monarchy
118:Constitutional monarchy
3685:Government of Malaysia
3680:Monarchies of Malaysia
3343:Science and technology
2532:Clifford, Hugh Charles
2406:Che Puan Besar Haminah
2396:Permaisuri Siti Aishah
2370:Living former consorts
2053:5 June 2006 – present
2033:Permaisuri Nur Zahirah
1673:Tengku Muhammad Ismail
1560:Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin
1064:, and the east by the
949:, a microstate in the
758:) and the Waris Jawa (
711:at the request of the
478:Federated Malay States
417:Yang di-Pertua Negeris
415:
396:
348:Malaysian Armed Forces
299:
189:monarchies of Malaysia
184:
147:. Clockwise from top:
127:A seal containing the
2997:Singapore in Malaysia
2707:The Malaysian Insider
2416:Cik Puan Besar Kalsom
1971:Tuanku Tengku Fauziah
1757:Raja Permaisuri Agong
1745:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1652:agnatic primogeniture
1603:agnatic primogeniture
1554:agnatic primogeniture
1456:agnatic primogeniture
1399:Yang di-Pertuan Besar
1355:agnatic primogeniture
1306:agnatic primogeniture
1257:agnatic primogeniture
1204:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1144:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1101:agnatic primogeniture
1015:to the south and the
698:Yang di-Pertuan Besar
623:The state capital is
398:Yang di-Pertua Negeri
336:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
304:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
284:Yang di-Pertuan Besar
223:agnatic primogeniture
126:
3373:World Bank Relations
3111:World Heritage Sites
3089:environmental issues
2972:Federation of Malaya
2829:on 28 September 2011
2799:on 28 September 2011
2646:"Undang Institution"
2624:"Undang Institution"
2064:The royal capitals (
2046:Sultanah Nur Zahirah
2009:8 Sept 2016–present
1878:Tuanku Aishah Rohani
1479:, the Tengku Mahkota
1378:, the Tengku Mahkota
1231:Conference of Rulers
1048:Terengganu Sultanate
937:, and a daughter of
860:early 19th century.
791:Dato' Mubarak Dohak
649:. The first Sultan,
565:Sultan Mudzafar Shah
509:Federation of Malaya
429:, the status of the
411:Conference of Rulers
292:Conference of Rulers
204:parliamentary system
40:improve this article
3695:Lists of monarchies
3141:Peninsular Malaysia
2853:Income Tax Act 1967
2769:on 20 November 2011
2743:on 19 February 2011
2597:The Star (Malaysia)
2561:Malaysia in history
2430:Sultan Ismail Petra
1882:Tunku Ampuan Besar
1380:(youngest brother)
1280:, the Tunku Mahkota
1151:Table of monarchies
1128:order of succession
1060:, the southwest by
760:Dato' Sedia di-Raja
756:Dato' Lela Maharaja
730:Chieftains / Undang
497:Straits Settlements
372:Federal Territories
139:, displayed in the
3461:Malaysian diaspora
3353:Telecommunications
2982:Malaysia Agreement
2938:Portuguese Malacca
2713:on 14 October 2012
2604:on 18 October 2012
2578:The Kelantan Times
2006:Tengku Permaisuri
1785:Raja Zarith Sofiah
1751:Raja Zarith Sofiah
1372:13 September 2010
1323:11 September 2017
1312:Sultan Sallehuddin
1278:Tunku Ismail Idris
1072:, Pulau Kapas and
996:Selangor Sultanate
709:Pagaruyung Kingdom
659:Maharaja Abu Bakar
588:Sultan of Kelantan
553:Sultanate of Kedah
344:Commander-in-Chief
185:
3667:
3666:
3620:
3619:
3446:Income inequality
3441:Human trafficking
3381:
3380:
3280:
3279:
3262:Political parties
3207:Foreign relations
3169:
3168:
2977:Malayan Emergency
2737:New Straits Times
2501:. 26 January 2017
2420:Sultan Ahmad Shah
2367:
2366:
2057:
2056:
1940:Tuanku Zara Salim
1681:
1680:
1620:21 November 2001
1614:24 December 1945
1516:27 November 1956
1505:agnatic seniority
1421:29 December 2008
1404:elective monarchy
1361:Sultan Muhammad V
1268:22 November 1958
1229:None; elected by
1220:22 November 1958
1209:elective monarchy
1081:Istana Syarqiyyah
1017:Strait of Malacca
895:
894:
852:
851:
830:Muhammad Abdullah
810:Maarof Mat Rashad
752:Dato' Klana Petra
647:Malacca Sultanate
533:According to the
455:Malacca Sultanate
267:elective monarchy
259:agnatic seniority
116:
115:
108:
90:
3702:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3392:
3391:
3328:
3291:
3290:
3180:
3179:
3042:
3041:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2679:. Archived from
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2600:. Archived from
2587:
2581:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2539:
2528:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2458:
2452:
2447:
2359:Kuala Terengganu
2354:Kuala Terengganu
2347:
2345:
2344:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2082:
2081:
2021:
2019:
2018:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1944:Raja Permaisuri
1928:
1926:
1925:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1711:
1710:
1707:List of consorts
1663:22 January 1962
1640:
1638:
1637:
1624:Tengku Amir Shah
1591:
1589:
1588:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1528:, the Raja Muda
1493:
1491:
1490:
1473:11 January 2019
1444:
1442:
1441:
1415:14 January 1948
1392:
1390:
1389:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1274:23 January 2010
1245:
1243:
1242:
1226:31 January 2024
1197:
1195:
1194:
1155:
1154:
1136:Raja Nazrin Shah
1097:succession order
1085:Kuala Terengganu
1070:Pulau Perhentian
1032:Istana Alam Shah
909:Sultan in 1884.
904:Sultan of Pahang
866:District / Luak
863:
862:
768:District / Luak
765:
764:
541:Kingdom of Kedah
420:
401:
300:Majlis Raja-Raja
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3616:
3573:
3564:Public holidays
3500:
3481:Sex trafficking
3377:
3326:
3276:
3242:Law enforcement
3165:
3031:
3007:13 May incident
2914:
2905:
2875:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2683:on 22 June 2011
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2588:
2584:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2376:Tunku Puan Nora
2372:
2342:
2340:
2314:
2312:
2284:
2282:
2256:
2254:
2228:
2226:
2204:Negeri Sembilan
2197:
2195:
2164:
2162:
2131:
2129:
2101:
2099:
2062:
2016:
2014:
1985:
1983:
1975:Raja Perempuan
1954:
1952:
1923:
1921:
1892:
1890:
1868:Negeri Sembilan
1861:
1859:
1830:
1828:
1816:Sultanah Maliha
1799:
1797:
1768:
1766:
1733:
1731:
1709:
1686:
1676:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:, the Raja Muda
1586:
1584:
1578:
1577:, the Raja Muda
1537:
1535:
1530:(eldest uncle)
1529:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1439:
1437:
1394:Negeri Sembilan
1387:
1385:
1379:
1366:6 October 1969
1338:
1336:
1330:
1329:, the Raja Muda
1289:
1287:
1281:
1240:
1238:
1192:
1190:
1184:Designated heir
1153:
1093:
1066:South China Sea
1050:
1044:
1013:Negeri Sembilan
998:
992:
976:
974:Perak Sultanate
970:
928:
922:
906:
900:
857:
774:Ruler / Undang
738:
732:
717:Malay Peninsula
680:
674:
672:Negeri Sembilan
643:
641:Sultan of Johor
637:
590:
584:
531:
529:Kedah Sultanate
523:Main articles:
521:
443:Malay Peninsula
439:
406:of the states.
404:Chief Ministers
338:is the federal
316:
263:Negeri Sembilan
173:Negeri Sembilan
119:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3708:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3649:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3348:Stock exchange
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3322:
3320:Federal budget
3317:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3267:Prime Minister
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3192:Shadow Cabinet
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3136:National parks
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3079:climate change
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2955:
2953:British Borneo
2950:
2948:British Malaya
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2872:
2858:
2840:
2810:
2780:
2754:
2724:
2694:
2659:
2637:
2615:
2582:
2565:
2553:
2542:Chisholm, Hugh
2523:
2512:
2486:
2475:
2453:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2413:
2403:
2393:
2383:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2173:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2061:
2060:Royal capitals
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:Tengku Ampuan
1911:
1906:
1901:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1630:
1629:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1571:17 April 2000
1569:
1566:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1434:
1433:
1430:Yamtuan Besars
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1317:30 April 1942
1315:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:Sultan Ibrahim
1259:
1254:
1249:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:Sultan Ibrahim
1211:
1206:
1201:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1152:
1149:
1092:
1089:
1046:Main article:
1043:
1040:
1007:to the north,
994:Main article:
991:
988:
972:Main article:
969:
966:
924:Main article:
921:
918:
902:Main article:
899:
896:
893:
892:
889:
884:
881:
877:
876:
873:
870:
867:
856:
853:
850:
849:
846:
843:
840:
836:
835:
832:
826:
820:
816:
815:
812:
806:
800:
796:
795:
792:
789:
783:
779:
778:
775:
772:
769:
734:Main article:
731:
728:
676:Main article:
673:
670:
639:Main article:
636:
633:
586:Main article:
583:
580:
574:, a suburb of
520:
517:
438:
435:
431:Malay language
380:Prime Minister
315:
312:
117:
114:
113:
29:This template
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3707:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Ethnic groups
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:States by GDP
3331:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:Hill stations
3114:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:deforestation
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:East Malaysia
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2967:Malayan Union
2965:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Dutch Malacca
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
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2902:
2897:
2895:
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2883:
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2742:
2738:
2734:
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2712:
2708:
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2698:
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2674:
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2663:
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2625:
2619:
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2599:
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2562:
2557:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
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2516:
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2499:The Economist
2496:
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2457:
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2427:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:Sultan Ismail
2377:
2374:
2373:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Kuala Kangsar
2266:
2264:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:Yamtuan Besar
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:Kubang Kerian
2177:
2174:
2172:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:State capital
2090:
2088:Royal capital
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2070:Bandar diraja
2067:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Yamtuan Besar
1871:
1869:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1796:
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1791:
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1781:
1778:
1776:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1677:(eldest son)
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1632:
1631:
1628:(eldest son)
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1583:
1582:
1579:(eldest son)
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1485:
1484:
1481:(eldest son)
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1467:30 July 1959
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1410:Tuanku Muhriz
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1334:
1331:(eldest son)
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1286:
1285:
1282:(eldest son)
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1120:Tuanku Jaafar
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:Yamtuan Besar
1104:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:The state of
1049:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:to the east,
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
984:Kuala Kangsar
981:
975:
965:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
917:
915:
910:
905:
890:
888:
885:
882:
879:
878:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
861:
847:
844:
841:
838:
837:
833:
831:
827:
825:
821:
818:
817:
813:
811:
807:
805:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
788:
784:
782:Sungai Ujong
781:
780:
776:
773:
770:
767:
766:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:
747:Adat perpatih
743:
737:
727:
725:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
694:
689:
685:
679:
678:Yamtuan Besar
669:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
642:
632:
630:
629:Kubang Kerian
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
610:Long Muhammad
607:
603:
599:
595:
589:
579:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
530:
526:
525:Kedah Kingdom
516:
512:
510:
506:
505:British Crown
502:
501:Malayan Union
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
470:
464:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
434:
432:
428:
424:
419:
418:
412:
407:
405:
400:
399:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:head of state
337:
332:
330:
326:
325:Menteri Besar
321:
311:
309:
308:head of state
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
285:
280:
279:
274:
273:
268:
264:
261:. One state,
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
121:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
27:
23:
18:
17:
3645:Bibliography
3611:Rukun Negara
3609:
3519:Architecture
3471:Prostitution
3414:Demographics
3308:Central bank
3251:
3222:Human rights
3197:Constitution
3084:conservation
3022:1MDB scandal
2861:
2852:
2843:
2831:. Retrieved
2827:the original
2822:
2813:
2801:. Retrieved
2797:the original
2792:
2783:
2771:. Retrieved
2767:the original
2757:
2745:. Retrieved
2741:the original
2727:
2715:. Retrieved
2711:the original
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2681:the original
2672:
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2602:the original
2595:
2585:
2577:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2545:
2526:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2498:
2489:
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2456:
2445:
2428:(dowager of
2418:(dowager of
2408:(dowager of
2398:(dowager of
2388:(dowager of
2378:(dowager of
2209:Seri Menanti
2094:Ruler title
2077:Kuala Lumpur
2074:
2069:
2063:
1756:
1749:
1702:
1687:
1669:15 May 1998
1656:
1607:
1565:17 May 1943
1558:
1522:29 May 2014
1509:
1460:
1408:
1359:
1310:
1261:
1213:
1179:Reigns since
1141:
1124:
1116:Tunku Muhriz
1112:Undang Empat
1111:
1105:
1094:
1078:
1074:Pulau Redang
1051:
1029:
1021:Kuala Lumpur
1002:
999:
977:
959:
929:
911:
907:
883:Tunku Besar
875:Reign since
858:
777:Reign since
759:
755:
751:
745:
739:
724:Seri Menanti
721:
705:Raja Melewar
702:
691:
687:
681:
663:
644:
622:
591:
569:
534:
532:
513:
493:World War II
490:
482:Kuala Lumpur
472:
465:
440:
423:constitution
408:
384:Dewan Rakyat
352:state visits
333:
317:
289:
282:
276:
270:
209:Nine of the
208:
188:
186:
145:Kuala Lumpur
141:Royal Museum
129:coat of arms
120:
102:
96:January 2024
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
3298:Agriculture
3156:Earthquakes
3074:Environment
2933:Prehistoric
2773:15 December
2118:Johor Bahru
2037:Permaisuri
1789:Permaisuri
1690:by courtesy
1526:Raja Jaafar
1166:Succession
787:Klana Petra
742:matrilineal
713:Minangkabau
666:Johor Bahru
388:lower house
201:Westminster
137:Jawi script
3674:Categories
3539:Literature
3434:Healthcare
3409:Corruption
3327:(currency)
3257:Parliament
3252:Monarchies
3227:Censorship
3212:Government
2677:Malay Mail
2468:2 December
2437:References
2349:Terengganu
2186:Kota Bharu
2176:Kota Bharu
2153:Alor Setar
2147:Anak Bukit
2143:Alor Setar
2023:Terengganu
1642:Terengganu
1169:Incumbent
1132:Azlan Shah
1091:Succession
1054:Terengganu
1042:Terengganu
684:federalism
655:Temenggong
625:Kota Bharu
616:under the
606:Terengganu
576:Alor Setar
572:Anak Bukit
451:Langkasuka
392:Parliament
370:) and the
251:Terengganu
157:Terengganu
66:newspapers
3486:Squatting
3451:Languages
3419:Education
3363:Transport
3232:Judiciary
3202:Elections
3161:Volcanoes
3131:Mountains
3064:Divisions
3059:Districts
3037:Geography
2652:27 August
2630:27 August
2331:Shah Alam
2050:Sultanah
1851:Sultanah
1820:Sultanah
1025:Putrajaya
594:Majapahit
469:residents
427:Bumiputra
3654:Category
3534:Folklore
3476:Religion
3399:Abortion
3325:Ringgit
3247:Military
3175:Politics
3099:wildlife
2928:Timeline
2912:articles
2908:Malaysia
2505:10 April
2321:Selangor
2214:Seremban
2171:Kelantan
1992:Selangor
1837:Kelantan
1740:Malaysia
1720:Consort
1717:Monarch
1684:Consorts
1593:Selangor
1345:Kelantan
1199:Malaysia
1163:Monarch
1058:Kelantan
990:Selangor
627:, while
582:Kelantan
545:Gameroon
473:de facto
265:, is an
247:Selangor
231:Kelantan
197:Malaysia
169:Selangor
153:Kelantan
3631:Outline
3578:Symbols
3529:Cuisine
3506:Culture
3466:Poverty
3387:Society
3358:Tourism
3286:Economy
3187:Cabinet
3121:Islands
3049:Borders
2920:History
2544:(ed.).
2363:Sultan
2335:Sultan
2277:Sultan
2249:Sultan
2245:Kuantan
2190:Sultan
2157:Sultan
1726:Tenure
1426:Undangs
951:Pattani
943:Siamese
914:Kuantan
880:Tampin
839:Rembau
799:Jelebu
614:British
598:Malacca
460:Siamese
437:History
390:of the
368:Sarawak
360:Malacca
346:of the
219:Muslims
80:scholar
3659:Portal
3605:Flower
3595:Emblem
3590:Anthem
3585:Animal
3524:Cinema
3429:Health
3368:Unions
3315:Energy
3151:States
3146:Rivers
3104:plants
2962:Borneo
2910:
2855:, 1967
2833:5 June
2803:5 June
2747:5 June
2717:5 June
2687:5 June
2608:7 June
2346:
2318:
2301:Kangar
2291:Perlis
2288:
2260:
2235:Pahang
2232:
2201:
2168:
2135:
2123:Sultan
2105:
2085:States
2028:Sultan
2020:
1997:Sultan
1989:
1961:Perlis
1958:
1935:Sultan
1927:
1904:Sultan
1899:Pahang
1896:
1865:
1842:Sultan
1834:
1811:Sultan
1803:
1780:Sultan
1772:
1737:
1723:Title
1714:State
1647:Sultan
1639:
1598:Sultan
1590:
1544:Perlis
1541:
1500:Sultan
1492:
1451:Sultan
1446:Pahang
1443:
1391:
1350:Sultan
1342:
1301:Sultan
1293:
1252:Sultan
1244:
1196:
1062:Pahang
1009:Pahang
920:Perlis
898:Pahang
872:Ruler
869:Title
855:Tampin
828:Dato'
822:Dato'
819:Johol
808:Datuk
802:Dato'
785:Dato'
771:Title
736:Undang
693:undang
551:. The
549:Persia
539:, the
491:After
386:, the
376:regent
356:Penang
272:Sultan
243:Pahang
239:Perlis
211:states
181:Perlis
165:Pahang
133:states
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
3638:Index
3569:Sport
3559:Names
3554:Music
3549:Media
3496:Women
3404:Crime
3303:Banks
3126:Lakes
2540:. In
2326:Klang
2263:Perak
2240:Pekan
2138:Kedah
2108:Johor
2066:Malay
1930:Perak
1806:Kedah
1775:Johor
1495:Perak
1296:Kedah
1247:Johor
1172:Born
1159:State
1036:Klang
1005:Perak
980:Perak
968:Perak
947:Ligor
891:2005
848:1999
834:2017
814:2019
794:1993
635:Johor
561:Islam
557:Hindu
519:Kedah
447:Hindu
364:Sabah
320:Islam
314:Roles
296:Malay
255:Perak
253:. In
235:Johor
227:Kedah
215:Malay
177:Johor
161:Perak
149:Kedah
87:JSTOR
73:books
3600:Flag
3456:LGBT
3217:King
2835:2011
2805:2011
2775:2011
2749:2011
2719:2011
2689:2011
2654:2018
2632:2018
2610:2011
2507:2019
2470:2013
2306:Raja
2296:Arau
2273:Ipoh
2113:Muar
1966:Raja
1549:Raja
1175:Age
1142:The
1023:and
978:The
962:Arau
955:Arab
935:Arau
688:luak
604:and
602:Siam
527:and
366:and
334:The
278:Raja
249:and
187:The
179:and
59:news
3514:Art
3237:Law
1083:in
1034:in
42:by
3676::
2960:/
2851:,
2821:.
2791:.
2735:.
2705:.
2675:.
2671:.
2594:.
2576:.
2497:.
2079:.
2068::
1432:.
1087:.
1038:.
986:.
964:.
916:.
726:.
668:.
620:.
608:,
600:,
596:,
578:.
547:,
488:.
362:,
358:,
298::
287:.
245:,
241:,
237:,
233:,
229:,
225::
175:,
171:,
167:,
163:,
159:,
155:,
151:,
143:,
2900:e
2893:t
2886:v
2869:.
2837:.
2807:.
2777:.
2751:.
2721:.
2691:.
2656:.
2634:.
2612:.
2509:.
2472:.
2432:)
2422:)
2412:)
2402:)
2392:)
2382:)
2182:)
2178:(
2149:)
2145:(
467:"
294:(
183:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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