656:, and were often more expensive. Its devices were slow to incorporate use of electronics, and while its type library was of high quality, changing tastes and the development of other companies' libraries competed with this. Its type library was also easily pirated, since fonts have only limited copyright protection. The company was eventually split into three divisions: Monotype International, which manufactured spinning mirror switched laser beam phototypesetters; Monotype Limited, which continued the hot metal machines; and Monotype Typography, which designed and sold typefaces. A research and development department was set up in
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turned over so that the first holes read on each line set the width of the variable space. The subsequent holes determine the position of a frame, or die case, that holds the set of matrices for the face being used. Each matrix is a rectangle of bronze recessed with the shape of the letter. Once the matrix is positioned over the mould that forms the body of the type being cast, molten type metal is injected.
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460:—a direct competitor—formed a complete line of type in one bar. Editing these required replacing an entire line (and if the replacement ran onto another line, the rest of the paragraph). But Linotype slugs were easier to handle if moving a complete section of text around a page. This was more useful for "quick" printing - such as newspapers.
1538:
The surviving records of the progress of some of the classic typefaces demonstrate that their exemplary final quality was due to a relentless willingness on the part of 'the works' to make and remake the punches over and over again until the result was satisfactory. The progression of series 270 from
647:
in mass-market printing. This offered considerable efficiencies, such as no need to print books from solid metal type, quicker setting of type and a reduced number of operators needed. It also promised a more diverse and exciting range of fonts than that possible with hot metal, where it is necessary
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Monotype made the transition to cold type and began to market its own "Monophoto" phototypesetting systems, but these suffered from problems. Its first devices were heavily based on hot metal machinery, with glass pictures of characters which would be reproduced on photographic paper replacing the
525:
designs. However, by the 1920s, the company's
British branch was well known for commissioning popular, historically influenced designs that revived some of the best typefaces of the past, with particular attention to the early period of printing from the Renaissance to the late eighteenth century.
474:
The keyboard operator types the copy, each key punching holes in a roll of paper tape that will control the separate caster. A drum on the keyboard indicates to the operator the space required for each line. This information is also punched in the paper. Before fitting the tape to the caster it is
663:
Monotype in the UK continued to enjoy prestige through the 1970s with the patronage of major
British printers such as the university presses at Oxford and Cambridge; it also enjoyed some success with its Lasercomp laser-based typesetting system from the 1970s onwards, developed by the Cambridge
741:
on 5 March and four days later
Monotype Typography Ltd. was established. Cromas Holdings, an investment company based in Switzerland, bought the Monotype Corporation Ltd. and Monotype Inc. (excluding Monotype Typography) and five other direct subsidiary companies in France, Germany, Italy, the
542:
and draughtsman Fritz
Stelzer (the latter two both recruited from the German printing industry, although Pierpont was American), under managing director William Isaac Burch, who led the company from 1924 to 1942. Despite tensions within the company, particularly between the historically minded
577:
Monotype enjoyed, in
Britain at least, something approaching a monopoly in book and better-quality magazine typesetting.. .Monotype exploited the glamor of its new typefaces... with brilliant publicity, for which Morison and his devoted young American recruit Beatrice Warde were partly
760:
In June 2002, Monotype
Systems Limited was re-branded, IPA Systems Limited, as this marked the end of the existing trademark licence with Monotype Corporation. In the US Monotype Inc became alfaQuest Technologies Limited. Both companies still sell pre-press software and hardware.
787:. A Chinese "keyboard" was developed to typeset Chinese characters; it consisted of a book with a stylus. As the pages were turned, the page number was detected electrically and this was combined with the position of the character selected by the stylus on a large grid.
742:
Netherlands, and
Singapore. Monotype Systems Ltd. was the adopted name for the new organization with Peter Purdy as Chairman, the name Monotype was under license from Monotype Typography Ltd which retained the trademark Monotype. Monotype Systems Ltd. focused on selling
1539:
the weak
Poliphilus Modernised to the familiar Bembo is an object lesson in the success of this technique. That it was Pierpont himself who was central to this drive for quality is made abundantly clear by the abrupt changes that are seen after his retirement in 1937.
455:
The
Monotype machine worked by casting letters from "hot metal" (molten metal) as pieces of type. Thus spelling mistakes could be corrected by adding or removing individual letters. This was particularly useful for "quality" printing - such as books. In contrast, the
675:
Monotype, however, has continued in business, for instance marketing typeface designs to third-party buyers, computing companies such as
Microsoft (many fonts on Microsoft computers in particular are Monotype-designed) and companies and organisations such as
555:, and the company maintained high standards of development allowing it to produce designs with good spacing, careful adaptation of the same basic design to different sizes and even color on the page, essential qualities for balanced body text.
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The American branch lagged behind the British in artistic reputation. Their designs are now often rather obscure, since (unlike products from the British branch) few have been made widely available through bundling with
753:
Cromas Holdings reorganized its publishing interests with the formation of the International Publishing Asset Holding Ltd. effectively controlling Monotype Systems Ltd., QED Technology Ltd., and GB Techniques Ltd.
3464:
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matrices used to cast metal type. While this reduced the need for retraining, the resulting devices often set type slowly compared to legacy-free next-generation devices from providers such as Photon and
260:, that produced texts automatically, all single type. Monotype was involved in the design and production of many typefaces in the 20th century. Monotype developed many of the most widely used
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1320:"Menu & Programme of Arrangements at The Dinner on December 17–1937 on the completion of the 40th year of the Lanston Monotype Corporation Limited, Founded in London 13 December 1897"
510:
Monotype's role in design history is not merely due to their supply of printing equipment but due to their commissioning of many of the most important typefaces of the twentieth century.
1240:
Keeping America Informed: The United States Government Printing Office 150 Years of Service to the Nation: The United States Government Printing Office 150 Years of Service to the Nation
719:
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This issue of Monotype is set in a trial font of a new version of Garamond's design ... the type ornaments, modelled on 16th century ones, will also be available.
800:
On 18 September 2006, the company acquired China Type Design Limited, a typeface design and production company based in Hong Kong. CTDL was responsible for developing
2312:
768:-Compugraphic acquired the company, which was renamed Agfa Monotype. In late 2004, after six years under the Agfa Corporation, the Monotype assets were acquired by
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for entering the type being introduced in 1906. This arrangement addressed the need to vary the space between words so that all lines were the same length.
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692:
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interest in printing into the more workaday world of general-purpose printing. Key executives of the company in this period included historian and adviser
2233:"Monotype Imaging Acquires China Type Design Limited; Acquisition Sets Up Expansion of Font Solutions into Asian Consumer Electronics and Printer Markets"
776:. The company was incorporated as Monotype Imaging, with a focus on the company's traditional core competencies of typography and professional printing.
3958:
574:... benevolent monopolies ruled by autocrats who revelled in the role of patron of the arts on a scale exceeding that of Italian Renaissance princes.
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The English Monotype Corporation of the interwar years looks in retrospect rather like one of the great public bodies of the period, for example the
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around 1897 under the name Lanston Monotype Corporation Ltd, generally known as the Monotype Corporation. In 1899, a new factory was built in
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In 2003, the company launched Fontwise, the first software to audit desktops for licensed and unlicensed (not necessarily illegal) fonts.
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On 11 December 2009, the company acquired Planetweb, a developer specialized in applications and development tools for embedded devices.
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Monotype entered a decline from the 1960s onwards. This was caused by the reduction in use of hot metal typesetting and replacement with
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running on general-purpose computers ate away at its competitiveness in the market of complete typesetting solutions by the 1990s.
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397:, in 1887. Lanston had a patented mechanical method of punching out metal types from cold strips of metal which were set (hence
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2007:
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and the UK parliament requiring custom digital typefaces. Much of its metal type equipment and archives were donated to the
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822:, a provider of fonts and font technologies used in computers, mobile devices, consumer electronics and software products.
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where it has been located for over a century. The company was of sufficient size to justify the construction of its own
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808:. The deal also secured an exclusive relationship with Creative Calligraphy Center (CCC), a font production company in
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The history and decline of the hot metal American Lanston Monotype Corporation is described in full detail by
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The company acquired Berthold Communications; the UK subsidiary of the German composing equipment supplier.
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This series of releases was a major part of the typographic renaissance of the period, an expansion of the
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from Global Graphics plc. In late 2021 it continued its expansion by acquiring iconic New York company
394:
2050:
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and became the Monotype Corporation Ltd. Board members of the company included future Prime Minister
327:
1956:
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2197:"Agfa Monotype Launches Fontwise from Monotype, the World's First Font Licence Management Solution"
571:
527:
483:
449:
66:
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The history of the English brand can be found in: Judy Slinn, Sebastian Carter, Richard Southall:
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The typesetting machines were continually improved in the early years of the 20th century, with a
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faction of Morison and Warde and Pierpont in Salfords, notable typefaces commissioned included
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1997:
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font sale website used by many independent designers and its WhatTheFont recognition service.
3658:
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3362:
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1835:
1808:
1721:
1437:"Innovative Industrial Design and Modern Public Culture: The Monotype Corporation, 1922–1932"
990:
539:
487:
468:
410:
257:
249:
103:
2078:
1465:
Badaracco, Claire (1996). "Rational Language and Print Design in Communication Management".
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8:
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486:(typesetter operator) training school in London. In 1936, the company was floated on the
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and Colophon Foundry, the company has gained the rights to major font families including
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1911:
619:
The founding-stone of the former Monotype House in London, now in the collection of the
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847:. A few months later, on January 27, 2020, the company added FontSmith, an independent
801:
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2003:
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1836:"Reviving the Classics: Matthew Carter and the Interpretation of Historical Models"
1723:
Third Tripartite Technical Meeting for the Printing and Allied Trades, Geneva, 1990
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863:
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780:
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685:
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308:
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236:, is an American (historically Anglo-American) company that specializes in digital
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1529:
1181:"A famous type foundry's sale to a PE-backed giant has rattled the font industry"
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The company's first face, issued in 1896, was a rather generic design, now named
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research group. However, new technology and finally publishing software such as
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Monotype was the first company to produce a digital version of the handwritten
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135:
2444:
Monotype announces deal to acquire Fontworks – an iconic Japanese type foundry
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1838:. In Mosley, James; Re, Margaret; Drucker, Johanna; Carter, Matthew (eds.).
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technology—in particular the Monotype machine, which was a fully mechanical
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620:
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562:, who worked closely with Monotype in the 1950s and onwards, has commented:
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91:
2419:"Monotype Announces the Acquisition of Iconic Type Foundry Hoefler&Co"
3872:
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3307:
2683:
1789:
681:
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237:
3331:
829:, a digital font retailer. The deal also gave Monotype ownership of the
502:
354:, used by many independent font design studios. The company is owned by
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On 2 October 2006, the company acquired Linotype GmbH, a subsidiary of
464:
147:
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2925:
2757:
2547:
2313:"Monotype Imaging Completes Acquisition of Bitstream's Font Business"
1726:. International Labour Organization. 1 January 1990. pp. 12–29.
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995:
854:
On May 18, 2020, Monotype made another major expansion by purchasing
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657:
584:
544:
323:
269:
1478:
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in 1989), thus increasing its library with well-known fonts such as
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2510:
Tolbert Lanston and the Monotype: The Origin of Digital Typesetting
837:
697:
Tolbert Lanston and the Monotype. The origin of digital Typesetting
648:
to own life-size matrices for every size of every font to be used.
596:
437:
414:
381:
339:
300:
253:
241:
175:
1295:
The Skilled Compositor, 1850–1914: An Aristocrat Among Working Men
417:. The licenses for the Lanston type library have been acquired by
3095:
2481:"Pastonchi: a specimen of a new letter for use on the Monotype".
1806:
830:
595:
which were well received at the time, and on staff type designer
351:
494:, Vice-Chairman, and other businessmen connected to publishing.
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3151:
2726:
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933:
848:
809:
773:
732:
624:
518:
445:
433:
343:
331:
1870:
3245:
3196:
3139:
2773:
2693:
2349:"HGGC Completes Acquisition of Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc"
2051:"Book Antiqua Parliamentary (Freedom of Information request)"
1035:
924:
912:
277:
273:
1999:
History of Oxford University Press: Volume III: 1896 to 1970
1887:
Handbook of Print Media: Technologies and Production Methods
1351:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
877:
In 2023, Monotype acquired Japanese type foundry Fontworks.
252:, the company has been responsible for many developments in
208:
765:
355:
140:
128:
1446:. 20 (second series). Business History Conference: 226–233
1649:"An appreciation of Frederic W. Goudy as a type designer"
567:
1762:
432:
In a search for funding, the company set up a branch in
413:
machine and Monotype issued Modern Condensed, its first
1981:
Wallis, Lawrence. "Monotype: the long slippery slope".
1890:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1045.
870:, Knockout, Mercury, Sentinel, Chronicle, Decimal, and
506:
A sample of various Monotype designs in digital format.
843:
In October 2019 Monotype changed ownership to HGGC, a
478:
To promote its image, the company ran a magazine, the
2288:"Monotype gets more digital, buys Bitstream font biz"
2049:
Castle, Bob; Carpenter, Victoria (6 September 2010).
1974:
1155:"Where do fonts come from? This one business, mostly"
804:, the default traditional Chinese interface font for
482:, over most of the twentieth century, and also ran a
3324:
Dates are approximate only. Not all typefaces shown.
840:, the last large independent digital font retailer.
389:
The Lanston Monotype Machine Company was founded by
2151:
1840:
Typographically Speaking: The Art of Matthew Carter
1625:
A half-century of type design and typography, vol 1
1237:Office (U.S.), Government Printing (29 July 2011).
3485:Benjamin Thompson House — Count Rumford Birthplace
2536:The Works of the Lanston Monotype Corporation, Ltd
1807:Philip G. Altbach; Edith S. Hoshino (8 May 2015).
1800:
1790:United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics (1984).
684:collection in London; other materials are held at
39:Lanston Monotype Machine Company (1887–1936)
2474:
1842:. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 31–34.
1752:. H.M. Stationery Office. 1993. pp. 470–507.
737:In 1992, The Monotype Corporation Ltd. appointed
660:to isolate it from day to day production issues.
3910:
1871:"Getting to Know "Monophoto" Filmsetters - 1963"
1675:Monotype: A Journal of Composing Room Efficiency
16:American typesetting and typeface design company
3944:Letterpress font foundries of the United States
2048:
63:machinery industry and plant construction
1883:
1810:International Book Publishing: An Encyclopedia
1783:
1615:
3510:Winn Memorial Library / Woburn Public Library
3347:
2563:
2512:. Tampa, Florida: University of Tampa Press.
2393:"Monotype Agrees to Acquire URW Type Foundry"
1796:. Bureau of Labor Statistics. pp. 316–7.
1763:Simon Eliot; Jonathan Rose (24 August 2011).
1756:
1291:
1236:
3597:
1688:
1628:. New York: The Typophiles. pp. 121–124
772:, a private equity investment firm based in
733:Consolidation, reorganization, and expansion
3949:Manufacturing companies established in 1887
2533:
2076:
1983:Bulletin of the Printing Historical Society
1877:
1769:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 286–289.
1346:
1287:
1285:
43:Agfa Monotype Corporation (1999–2004)
3354:
3340:
3320:
2570:
2556:
2331:"Monotype Acquires FontShop International"
1597:
1298:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 111–121.
65:
27:
3361:
2269:"Monotype Imaging Acquires Ascender Corp"
1989:
1464:
1434:
1428:
818:On 8 December 2010, the company acquired
812:, China, with 30 production specialists.
635:An index of typefaces issued by Monotype.
3959:Technology companies established in 1887
1550:
1282:
1152:
630:
614:
501:
380:
3934:Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
2507:
2157:
2025:"The day the typesetting industry died"
1953:Journal of the Printing History Society
1939:
1937:
1935:
1534:Journal of the Printing History Society
1349:A history of Cambridge University Press
712:The History of the Monotype Corporation
599:, who created the geometric sans-serif
3964:American companies established in 1887
3911:
3480:Baldwin House — Loammi Baldwin Mansion
2577:
2169:
2102:
1833:
1766:A Companion to the History of the Book
1668:
1524:
836:On 15 July 2014, the company acquired
409:. In 1896, Lanston patented the first
41:Monotype Corporation (1936–1999)
3495:First Congregational Church in Woburn
3335:
2551:
2285:
2251:"Monotype Imaging Acquires Planetweb"
1621:
1178:
89:(as Lanston Monotype Machine Company)
3939:Design companies established in 1887
3886:
2215:"MONOTYPE IMAGING ACQUIRES LINOTYPE"
1943:
1932:
1580:
1172:
825:In March 2012, the company acquired
3919:1887 establishments in Pennsylvania
2993:Palace and Dorchester Script (1938)
2630:(1911) and Italian Old Style (1919)
1995:
1551:Rhatigan, Daniel (September 2014).
703:bought the "Lanston Type Co." from
13:
3409:Groundwater contamination incident
2527:
2128:
2022:
1980:
1603:
1501:"Fonts designed by Monotype Staff"
370:
293:International Typeface Corporation
161:International Typeface Corporation
14:
3975:
1397:
1153:Friedman, Sara (25 August 2023).
915:(Nicholas, Saunders et al., 1982)
3885:
3319:
2170:Spring, Jessica (14 June 2008).
2077:Walters, John; Esterson, Simon.
2002:. OUP Oxford. pp. 277–307.
1646:
568:British Broadcasting Corporation
226:Lanston Monotype Machine Company
61:Pre-press and pre-media services
3378:Middlesex County, Massachusetts
2501:
2448:
2437:
2411:
2385:
2359:
2341:
2323:
2305:
2279:
2261:
2243:
2225:
2207:
2189:
2163:
2134:"The materials of typefounding"
2122:
2096:
2070:
2042:
2016:
1946:"Monotype and Phototypesetting"
1904:
1884:Helmut Kipphan (31 July 2001).
1863:
1827:
1740:
1714:
1662:
1640:
1607:. "Eric Gill's Perpetua Type".
1574:
1544:
1518:
1493:
1458:
1444:Business & Economic History
1391:
1365:
1340:
1265:"Monotype Recorder back issues"
1179:Quito, Anne (23 October 2021).
587:products. The company employed
497:
1669:Rogers, Bruce (January 1923).
1312:
1292:Patrick Duffy (2 March 2017).
1257:
1243:. Government Printing Office.
1230:
1214:
1198:
1146:
1134:
851:foundry, to its font catalog.
603:as a competitor to the German
222:Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc.
1:
3929:2004 mergers and acquisitions
3924:1999 mergers and acquisitions
2367:"Monotype Acquires Fontsmith"
2103:Shaw, Paul; Carter, Matthew.
1996:Maw, Martin (November 2013).
1793:Occupational Outlook Handbook
1269:Metal Type Library collection
1127:
3549:Brannen Brothers Flutemakers
2543:Lanston Monotype Co. history
2485:. s4-IX (4): 421–422. 1928.
2172:"P22: Fond Found Typography"
880:
80:; 137 years ago
7:
3528:Woburn Memorial High School
2491:10.1093/library/s4-IX.4.421
1916:. Monotype. 1957. pp.
1347:McKitterick, David (2004).
1103:
795:Heidelberger Druckmaschinen
722:, Woodstock, London, 2014,
720:Printing historical Society
593:several serif font projects
287:Via acquisitions including
10:
3980:
2859:Zarotto/Mardersteig (1932)
2105:"Some history about Arial"
2079:"Features: Robin Nicholas"
1913:The Monotype: How It Works
1530:"Review: A Tally of Types"
1435:Badaracco, Claire (1991).
949:(Rogers & Warde, 1929)
610:
395:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
374:
365:
3881:
3818:Ernest Cushing Richardson
3698:Benjamin Franklin Baldwin
3668:
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3518:
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3288:
3269:
3220:
3186:
3163:
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3014:
3000:
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2620:
2586:
2508:Hopkins, Richard (2012).
1813:. Routledge. p. 72.
203:
146:
134:
124:
114:
98:
74:
57:
47:
35:
26:
2604:French Round Face (1906)
1622:Goudy, Frederic (1946).
1536:. 3, new series: 63–67.
1210:. Chilton Company. 1899.
739:Administrative Receivers
528:Arts and Crafts movement
450:Salfords railway station
2914:(for the Greynog Press)
2109:Paul Shaw Letter Design
1955:: 57–77. Archived from
1141:2008 SEC Annual Report:
748:raster image processors
746:software and hardware,
3571:geographical landmarks
1834:Mosley, James (2003).
1583:"Time and Times again"
1553:"Gill Sans after Gill"
1223:United States Investor
636:
628:
580:
507:
386:
52:Privately held company
3954:Woburn, Massachusetts
3892:Woburn, Massachusetts
3659:Daily Times Chronicle
3363:Woburn, Massachusetts
2946:(for R & R Clark)
1944:Boag, Andrew (2000).
1118:, hot metal typefaces
634:
618:
564:
540:Frank Hinman Pierpont
538:, engineering expert
505:
488:London Stock Exchange
411:hot metal typesetting
384:
250:Woburn, Massachusetts
104:Woburn, Massachusetts
3894:at Wikimedia Commons
3728:Christopher J. Coyne
3678:Samuel Warren Abbott
3465:National Register of
3373:Incorporated in 1642
2889:Felix Titling (1934)
2286:Shankland, Stephen.
2239:. 18 September 2006.
2203:. 30 September 2003.
1749:Reports of Tax Cases
1226:. F.P.Bennett. 1922.
820:Ascender Corporation
534:, publicity manager
258:hot metal typesetter
246:consumer electronics
244:design for use with
166:Ascender Corporation
94:, Pennsylvania, U.S.
3808:Nicholas Paleologos
3683:James Fowle Baldwin
3490:First Burial Ground
3391:General information
3173:News Plantin (1979)
2730:(1926, private use)
2425:. 15 September 2021
2257:. 11 December 2009.
1112:typesetting machine
893:(Chris Brand, 1966)
845:private equity firm
360:private equity firm
328:ITC Franklin Gothic
23:
3763:John Martyn Harlow
3688:Loammi Baldwin Jr.
3619:Lechmere Warehouse
3589:Mary Cummings Park
3569:Transportation and
2711:Goudy Heavy (1925)
2633:Forum Title (1911)
2613:Goudy Light (1908)
2355:. 11 October 2019.
2275:. 8 December 2010.
2056:Whatdotheyknow.com
1116:Monotype typefaces
1031:Monotype Grotesque
802:Microsoft JhengHei
693:Richard L. Hopkins
637:
629:
508:
387:
248:devices. Based in
120:Ninan Chacko (CEO)
21:
3906:
3905:
3890:Media related to
3838:Benjamin Thompson
3718:Herbert L. Clarke
3713:Benjamin Champney
3670:Notable residents
3646:
3645:
3630:(limited service)
3455:Notable residents
3382:Population 38,120
3329:
3328:
3296:Classic Grotesque
3155:(general release)
3070:(general release)
2961:Twentieth Century
2700:Italian Old Style
2534:H. W. Westbrook.
2373:. 27 January 2020
2333:(Press release).
2217:(Press release).
2009:978-0-19-956840-6
1897:978-3-540-67326-2
1820:978-1-134-26126-0
1776:978-1-4443-5658-8
1733:978-92-2-107441-0
1305:978-1-351-88183-8
1250:978-0-16-089118-2
1091:Twentieth Century
1078:Tempest Titling (
860:Hoefler & Co.
601:Twentieth Century
480:Monotype Recorder
309:Hoefler & Co.
219:
218:
184:Hoefler & Co.
3971:
3889:
3888:
3798:Dominic Mulrenan
3788:John J. McEleney
3773:Courtney Kennedy
3743:Carol A. Donovan
3595:
3594:
3554:Monotype Imaging
3544:Boston Acoustics
3356:
3349:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3256:Strayhorn (1995)
3227:Ellington (1990)
3130:Albertina (1964)
3109:(public release)
3057:Mercurius (1957)
3054:Castellar (1957)
3025:Festival Titling
2971:Van Dijck (1937)
2897:Van Dijck (1935)
2754:Pastonchi (1928)
2717:Horley Old Style
2572:
2565:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2539:
2523:
2519:978-159732-100-6
2495:
2494:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2319:. 19 March 2012.
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1962:on 28 March 2016
1961:
1950:
1941:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1873:. 14 April 2017.
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1671:"Printer's Note"
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1441:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1409:. Archived from
1404:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1324:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1043:Pastonchi (1928)
1027:Mercurius Script
1005:Horley Old Style
984:Festival Titling
864:Jonathan Hoefler
856:URW Type Foundry
783:script, Persian
701:P22 type foundry
686:St Bride Library
678:London Transport
641:phototypesetting
572:London Transport
517:, influenced by
492:Harold Macmillan
458:Linotype machine
321:
262:typeface designs
215:
212:
210:
196:Colophon Foundry
189:URW Type Foundry
88:
86:
81:
70:
69:
31:
24:
22:Monotype Imaging
20:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3877:
3863:Philemon Wright
3858:Lyle R. Wheeler
3793:Mike McLaughlin
3733:Benjamin Cutter
3664:
3642:
3593:
3570:
3563:
3532:
3514:
3505:Middlesex Canal
3467:Historic Places
3466:
3459:
3385:
3365:
3360:
3330:
3325:
3313:
3284:
3265:
3253:Columbus (1992)
3216:
3182:
3159:
3078:
3021:Condensa (1951)
3010:
2996:
2955:(for J.M. Dent)
2893:Tempest Titling
2862:Monoline Script
2854:Times New Roman
2815:Ashley Crawford
2797:
2702:(Goudy, 1924/7)
2654:
2649:Caslon Old Face
2616:
2610:(1907 and 1920)
2582:
2576:
2530:
2528:Further reading
2520:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2337:. 16 July 2014.
2329:
2328:
2324:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2284:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2029:What They Think
2023:Romano, Frank.
2021:
2017:
2010:
1994:
1990:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1948:
1942:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1805:
1801:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1761:
1757:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1620:
1616:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1581:Rhatigan, Dan.
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1479:10.2307/1511743
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1416:on 8 March 2021
1413:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1290:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1122:Monotype System
1106:
1101:
1086:Times New Roman
1001:Goudy Old Style
918:Ashley Crawford
883:
735:
670:Aldus PageMaker
613:
576:
575:
549:Times New Roman
532:Stanley Morison
500:
391:Tolbert Lanston
385:Monotype caster
379:
377:Monotype System
373:
371:Monotype System
368:
350:. It also owns
336:ITC Avant Garde
315:
266:Times New Roman
234:Tolbert Lanston
207:
199:
117:
110:
106:
90:
84:
82:
79:
64:
62:
42:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3977:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3898:City of Woburn
3895:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3868:Ruggles Wright
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3823:David Robinson
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:Patrick Natale
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3778:Nancy Kerrigan
3775:
3770:
3768:Edward Johnson
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3748:James J. Dwyer
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3723:Edward Convers
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3693:Loammi Baldwin
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3579:Aberjona River
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3450:Transportation
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3414:A Civil Action
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3236:Century Gothic
3233:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3170:Photina (1972)
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3112:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2963:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2908:
2905:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2871:Jocunda (1933)
2869:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2761:
2760:(1928 onwards)
2755:
2752:
2746:
2741:
2740:Othello (1928)
2738:
2735:
2732:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2518:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2473:
2447:
2436:
2410:
2384:
2358:
2340:
2322:
2304:
2278:
2260:
2242:
2224:
2221:. August 2006.
2206:
2188:
2162:
2150:
2121:
2095:
2069:
2041:
2015:
2008:
1988:
1973:
1931:
1903:
1896:
1876:
1862:
1848:
1826:
1819:
1799:
1782:
1775:
1755:
1739:
1732:
1713:
1696:"LTC Garamont"
1687:
1661:
1639:
1614:
1596:
1573:
1543:
1517:
1492:
1457:
1427:
1390:
1364:
1357:
1339:
1311:
1304:
1281:
1256:
1249:
1229:
1213:
1197:
1171:
1145:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1080:Berthold Wolpe
1076:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
971:
966:
961:
958:
955:
953:Century Gothic
950:
944:
941:
936:
931:
928:
922:
919:
916:
910:
904:
901:Berthold Wolpe
894:
888:
884:
882:
879:
827:Bitstream Inc.
750:and workflow.
734:
731:
728:978-0993051005
716:Vanbrugh Press
612:
609:
589:Frederic Goudy
536:Beatrice Warde
499:
496:
407:printing press
375:Main article:
372:
369:
367:
364:
217:
216:
205:
201:
200:
198:
197:
194:
191:
186:
181:
178:
173:
171:Bitstream Inc.
168:
163:
158:
152:
150:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
102:
100:
96:
95:
76:
72:
71:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
37:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3976:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:Thomas Carter
3706:
3704:
3703:Eric Bogosian
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3638:(closed 1981)
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:(closed 1996)
3620:
3617:
3615:
3614:(closed 1981)
3612:Cross Street
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
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3146:Fleet Titling
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3075:Pepita (1959)
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3051:Headline Bold
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2399:. 18 May 2020
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2353:Business Wire
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2317:Business Wire
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2255:Business Wire
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2201:Business Wire
2198:
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2130:Mosley, James
2125:
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1526:Mosley, James
1521:
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1467:Design Issues
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1398:Shinn, Nick.
1394:
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981:Felix Titling
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806:Windows Vista
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770:TA Associates
767:
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705:Gerald Giampa
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311:, Fontsmith,
310:
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298:
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290:
289:Linotype GmbH
285:
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156:Linotype GmbH
154:
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50:
46:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
3833:Joanie Spina
3783:Buddy LeRoux
3758:Jack Garrity
3738:John Doherty
3657:
3651:Publications
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3608:Anderson RTC
3559:U-Turn Audio
3553:
3500:Jack's Diner
3430:Demographics
3413:
3241:Book Antiqua
3154:
3136:New Berolina
3108:
3069:
3039:Klang (1955)
2954:
2945:
2913:
2907:Grock (1935)
2901:
2729:
2608:Scotch Roman
2578:
2535:
2509:
2502:Bibliography
2482:
2476:
2466:15 September
2464:. Retrieved
2459:
2450:
2439:
2429:15 September
2427:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2396:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2343:
2325:
2307:
2297:16 September
2295:. Retrieved
2291:
2281:
2263:
2245:
2227:
2209:
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2176:Boxcar Press
2175:
2165:
2158:Hopkins 2012
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2138:Type Foundry
2137:
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2108:
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2083:Eye magazine
2082:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2054:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:
2018:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1957:the original
1952:
1922:. Retrieved
1912:
1906:
1886:
1879:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1839:
1829:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1785:
1765:
1758:
1748:
1742:
1722:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1699:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1647:Shaw, Paul.
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1624:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1559:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:
1495:
1473:(1): 26–37.
1470:
1466:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1443:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1411:the original
1406:
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1376:
1367:
1348:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:
1314:
1294:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:
1259:
1239:
1232:
1222:
1216:
1207:The Iron Age
1206:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1158:
1148:
1136:
876:
862:(created by
853:
842:
835:
824:
817:
814:
799:
792:
789:
778:
763:
759:
756:
752:
736:
711:
709:
696:
690:
674:
666:Quark XPress
662:
654:Compugraphic
650:
638:
621:Type Archive
581:
578:responsible.
565:
560:James Mosley
557:
523:Scotch Roman
514:
512:
509:
498:Typefounding
479:
477:
473:
462:
454:
431:
429:, New York.
423:type foundry
421:, a digital
398:
388:
286:
264:, including
230:Philadelphia
225:
221:
220:
148:Subsidiaries
99:Headquarters
92:Philadelphia
48:Company type
18:
3873:Rufus Wyman
3753:Glenn Foley
3308:Joanna Sans
3298:(2012/2016)
2984:Sachsenwald
2850:Littleworth
2821:Braggadocio
2684:Baskerville
2483:The Library
2456:"Pastonchi"
1566:26 December
1450:19 December
1164:8 September
699:. In 2004,
682:Type Museum
645:lithography
399:typesetting
316: [
238:typesetting
228:in 1887 in
3913:Categories
3853:Ken Weafer
3848:Hal Weafer
3828:Tom Rooney
3813:Ron Porter
3475:1790 House
3262:Gill Facia
3250:Carré Noir
2989:Haarlemmer
2832:Leysbourne
2786:Goudy Sans
2734:Bernard MT
2690:Poliphilus
2462:. Monotype
2377:27 January
1855:30 January
1706:3 December
1632:3 December
1609:Fine Print
1585:. Monotype
1505:Identifont
1379:. Monotype
1327:Metal Type
1190:24 October
1159:The Hustle
1128:References
1060:Poliphilus
964:Dubai Font
903:, 1932–40)
558:Historian
484:compositor
465:typewriter
116:Key people
3843:Tom Toner
3584:Horn Pond
3537:Companies
3520:Education
3445:Education
3435:Geography
3376:Based in
3202:Footlight
3126:Traveller
2926:Gill Kayo
2911:Gwendolin
2880:Colmcille
2794:(c. 1929)
2758:Gill Sans
2714:Engravers
2599:Old Style
2581:typefaces
2460:Fonts.com
2143:14 August
1562:(28): 3–7
1095:Van Dijck
1070:Eric Gill
996:Gill Sans
978:Engravers
943:Castellar
891:Albertina
881:Typefaces
785:Nasta'liq
764:In 1999,
744:pre-press
658:Cambridge
585:Microsoft
545:Gill Sans
425:based in
401:) into a
324:Helvetica
313:Fontworks
297:Bitstream
270:Gill Sans
211:.monotype
193:Fontworks
180:Fontsmith
3627:Mishawum
3601:stations
3276:Neo Sans
3212:Cantoria
3107:Fontana
3102:Octavian
3031:Spectrum
2966:Ehrhardt
2939:(1935-9)
2937:Albertus
2900:Fontana
2875:Rockwell
2844:Falstaff
2780:Deepdene
2749:Perpetua
2706:Fournier
2678:Garamond
2666:Garamont
2628:Veronese
2579:Monotype
2423:Monotype
2397:Monotype
2371:Monotype
2219:Linotype
2181:27 March
2062:27 March
1528:(2001).
1400:"Lacunæ"
1373:"Modern"
1332:31 March
1110:Linotype
1104:See also
1075:Spectrum
1053:Perpetua
1040:Octavian
991:Fournier
969:Ehrhardt
957:Condensa
897:Albertus
838:FontShop
597:Sol Hess
553:Perpetua
469:keyboard
438:Salfords
415:typeface
405:for the
340:Palatino
301:FontShop
282:Albertus
254:printing
242:typeface
176:FontShop
125:Products
58:Industry
36:Formerly
3440:Economy
3404:History
3207:Calisto
3177:Calvert
3133:Cartier
3096:Univers
3036:Angelus
2975:Pegasus
2931:Romulus
2920:Emerson
2886:Menhart
2866:Walbaum
2835:Placard
2809:Lutetia
2768:Arrighi
2764:Centaur
2744:Lutetia
2643:Plantin
2637:Imprint
2088:22 July
2034:22 July
1966:22 July
1924:22 July
1700:MyFonts
1654:12 July
1589:28 July
1487:1511743
1377:MyFonts
1274:12 July
1098:Walbaum
1072:, 1929)
1068:Solus (
1064:Plantin
1057:Photina
1046:Pegasus
1024:Menhart
1009:Imprint
974:Emerson
947:Centaur
831:MyFonts
781:Persian
611:Decline
442:Redhill
427:Buffalo
366:History
352:MyFonts
204:Website
83: (
75:Founded
3635:Woburn
3399:Woburn
3310:(2015)
3304:(2013)
3259:Cachet
3231:Amasis
3179:(1979)
3152:Barbou
3148:(1967)
3142:(1967)
3122:(1962)
3120:Apollo
3111:(1961)
3104:(1961)
3098:(1961)
3092:(1960)
3072:(1958)
3067:Joanna
3063:(1957)
3045:(1956)
3033:(1955)
3027:(1951)
2977:(1937)
2968:(1937)
2957:(1937)
2952:Joanna
2948:(1937)
2943:Bulmer
2933:(1936)
2922:(1936)
2916:(1935)
2904:(1935)
2877:(1934)
2868:(1933)
2856:(1932)
2847:Inflex
2841:Script
2829:(1931)
2823:(1930)
2817:(1930)
2811:(1930)
2788:(1929)
2782:(1929)
2776:(1929)
2770:(1929)
2751:(1928)
2737:Gallia
2727:Barbou
2723:(1926)
2708:(1925)
2696:(1923)
2686:(1923)
2680:(1922)
2674:(1921)
2672:Bodoni
2668:(1921)
2651:(1915)
2645:(1913)
2639:(1912)
2601:(1900)
2594:Modern
2516:
2403:29 May
2114:22 May
2006:
1985:: 1–6.
1894:
1846:
1817:
1773:
1730:
1510:1 July
1485:
1420:1 July
1383:1 July
1355:
1302:
1247:
1185:Quartz
1049:Pepita
1021:Matura
1014:Joanna
939:Bulmer
934:Bodoni
927:(1929)
909:(1910)
907:Albion
887:Apollo
872:Archer
868:Gotham
849:London
810:Zhuhai
774:Boston
726:
718:&
625:London
605:Futura
519:Bodoni
515:Modern
467:style
446:Surrey
434:London
403:matrix
348:Gotham
344:FF DIN
332:Optima
136:Parent
3289:2010s
3280:Slate
3270:2000s
3246:Curlz
3221:1990s
3197:Arial
3187:1980s
3164:1970s
3140:Sabon
3115:Forte
3083:1960s
3061:Dante
3048:Swing
3015:1950s
3001:1940s
2883:Runic
2802:1930s
2792:Solus
2774:Bembo
2766:with
2694:Blado
2659:1920s
2621:1910s
2587:1900s
1960:(PDF)
1949:(PDF)
1702:. LTC
1560:Forum
1556:(PDF)
1483:JSTOR
1440:(PDF)
1414:(PDF)
1407:Codex
1403:(PDF)
1323:(PDF)
1036:OCR-B
1018:Klang
987:Forte
960:Dante
930:Blado
925:Bembo
913:Arial
695:, in
440:near
320:]
278:Bembo
274:Arial
129:Fonts
3599:MBTA
3423:film
3418:book
2838:Kino
2827:Bell
2692:and
2514:ISBN
2468:2015
2431:2021
2405:2020
2379:2020
2299:2015
2292:CNet
2183:2020
2145:2015
2116:2015
2090:2016
2064:2016
2036:2016
2004:ISBN
1968:2016
1926:2016
1892:ISBN
1857:2016
1844:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1708:2015
1656:2015
1634:2015
1591:2015
1568:2015
1512:2015
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