193:
388:
162:
475:
181:
31:
371:(ITCZ), located near the equator and created by the convergence of the trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The position of these bands vary seasonally, moving north in the northern summer and south in the northern winter, and ultimately controlling the wet and dry seasons in the tropics. These regions appear to have experienced strong warming, at a mean rate of 0.26 degrees Celsius per decade, which coincides with a global rise in temperature resulting from the
298:
153:
375:
inputs of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Studies have also found that precipitation has declined and tropical Asia has experienced an increase in dry season intensity whereas
Amazonian has no significant pattern change in precipitation or dry season. Additionally,
644:
628:
The status of monsoon vine forests in the
Northern Territory: a perspective. In 'The rainforest legacy: Australian national rainforests study. Special Australian heritage publication series 7(1)
756:
130:
384:
increases the intensity and frequency of ENSO will increase, rendering tropical rainforest regions susceptible to stress and increased mortality of trees and other plants.
730:
Ya-Jun Chen, Kun-Fang Cao, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Ze-Xin Fan, Jiao-Lin Zhang, Frans
Bongers (2015) Water-use advantage of lianas over trees in seasonal tropical forests.
791:
555:
380:(ENSO) events drive the inter-annual climatic variability in temperature and precipitation and result in drought and increased intensity of the dry season. As
591:'Rainforests of Western Australia'. In 'The rainforest legacy: Australian national rainforests study'. Special Australian heritage publication series 7(1)
438:
and secondary can also be problematic, since the species mixture is influenced by factors such as soil depth and climate, as well as human interference.
235:
657:
Leigh EG, Rand AS, Windsor DM (Eds. 1983) The ecology of a tropical forest. Seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. Oxford
University Press 468 pp.
213:
119:
90:
as (i) tropical climate with high overall rainfall (typically in the 1000–2500 mm range; 39–98 inches) and (ii) having a very distinct
750:
240:
170:
Extreme differences are very much evident between the wet and dry seasons in a tropical seasonal forest. The image to the left shows
82:
forest, typically contains a range of tree species: only some of which drop some or all of their leaves during the dry season. This
505:
142:
261:
174:
in central
Bangladesh during the dry season, while the image to the right depicts the same area during monsoon season.
192:
111:
377:
368:
346:
17:
538:
284:
501:
521:
230:
405:
796:
323:
544:
465:
559:
107:
99:
50:
40:
801:
613:
An ecological survey of the monsoon forests of the north-western region of the
Northern Territory
604:
446:
The fauna and flora of seasonal tropical mixed forest are usually distinctive. Examples of the
532:
408:, but these may be less pronounced in mixed forests, which are often characterised by numerous
302:
257:
251:
185:
422:
word for "forest", has no specific ecological meaning but originally referred to this type of
387:
489:
327:
171:
8:
806:
776:
771:
766:
479:
431:
401:
268:
245:
221:
56:
688:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
603:
474:
761:
708:
683:
280:
161:
713:
666:
288:
811:
703:
695:
427:
372:
684:"Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions"
316:
180:
83:
30:
516:
435:
423:
381:
367:
The climate of seasonal forests is typically controlled by a system called the
785:
640:
201:
717:
699:
608:
577:
447:
209:
87:
297:
412:
due to their growth advantage during the dry season. The colloquial term
391:
Onset dates and prevailing wind currents of the southwest summer monsoon.
342:
276:
272:
152:
95:
91:
188:: showing seasonal forest structure in the early dry season (December)
509:
225:
115:
200:
Seasonal (mixed) tropical forests can be found in many parts of the
757:
List of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregions
419:
311:
217:
103:
625:
143:
Global 200 § Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
451:
126:
414:
409:
350:
336:
212:
region: seasonal forests predominate across large areas of the
681:
354:
131:
tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
122:
98:. These forests represent a range of habitats influenced by
669:. Srh.noaa.gov (5 January 2010). Retrieved on 28 March 2013.
639:
647:. Rainforest CRC – via National Library of Australia.
578:
Mongbay: Types of tropical forest (accessed 21 March 2017)
114:). Drier forests in the Aw/As climate zone are typically
588:
454:
type are often well described for
National Parks in:
677:
675:
672:
792:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
783:
615:, Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service
434:. Determining which strands of mixed forest are
667:NWS JetStream – Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone
301:Emergent tree rising above the main canopy in
682:Malhi, Yadvinder & Wright, James (2004).
626:Russell-Smith, Jeremy; Dunlop, Clyde (1987),
751:International Tropical Timber Organization
597:
707:
441:
241:Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
645:"The rainforests of Cape York Peninsula"
473:
386:
296:
191:
179:
29:
14:
784:
34:Tropical seasonal climate sub-types:
589:Beard, J.S.; Keneally, K.F. (1987),
196:Seasonal forest in Northern Thailand
125:: with further transitional zones (
24:
262:Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary
25:
823:
529:wildlife is well represented in:
160:
151:
94:with (an often cooler “winter”)
136:
724:
660:
651:
633:
619:
582:
571:
369:Intertropical Convergence Zone
51:Aw/As—Tropical savanna climate
13:
1:
609:Tracey, J. G. (John Geoffrey)
565:
112:Köppen climate classification
468:in Cameroon (central region)
395:
378:El Niño-Southern Oscillation
231:Eastern Java monsoon forests
129:) of savannah woodland then
110:(Aw/As) climates (as in the
55:(note: Af in light green is
7:
744:
605:Webb, L. J. (Leonard James)
41:Am—Tropical monsoon climate
10:
828:
643:; Fell, David. G. (2005).
522:Queensland forest reserves
362:
204:, with examples found in:
140:
330:especially well studied
86:is classified under the
64:Seasonal tropical forest
545:SoberanĂa National Park
539:Corcovado National Park
406:different canopy layers
347:Guinean seasonal forest
72:semi-evergreen seasonal
27:Type of tropical forest
700:10.1098/rstb.2003.1433
502:Cat Tien National Park
482:
442:Characteristic biology
392:
306:
303:Khao Yai National Park
258:Khao Yai National Park
252:Cat Tien National Park
197:
189:
186:Cat Tien National Park
60:
490:Upper Guinean forests
477:
464:the northern part of
390:
382:anthropogenic warming
349:: from south-western
328:Barro Colorado Island
300:
195:
183:
33:
402:tropical rainforests
322:Central and eastern
267:Northern Australia:
172:Bhawal National Park
777:Tropical vegetation
772:Tropical rainforest
767:Tropical dry forest
560:Rio Doce State Park
558:and represented in
480:Korup National Park
466:Korup National Park
432:Indian subcontinent
418:, derived from the
269:Cape York Peninsula
246:Mondulkiri Province
222:Indian subcontinent
120:Tropical dry forest
57:Tropical rainforest
797:Terrestrial biomes
762:Trees of the world
593:, pp. 289–304
483:
478:Falling Waters in
393:
307:
281:Northern Territory
198:
190:
118:and placed in the
61:
694:(1443): 311–329.
289:Western Australia
16:(Redirected from
819:
739:
728:
722:
721:
711:
679:
670:
664:
658:
655:
649:
648:
637:
631:
630:
623:
617:
616:
601:
595:
594:
586:
580:
575:
527:Central American
520:: including the
461:represented by:
428:secondary forest
317:Atlantic forests
164:
155:
66:, also known as
48:
38:
21:
827:
826:
822:
821:
820:
818:
817:
816:
782:
781:
747:
742:
732:New Phytologist
729:
725:
680:
673:
665:
661:
656:
652:
638:
634:
624:
620:
602:
598:
587:
583:
576:
572:
568:
506:Huai Kha Khaeng
500:represented by
444:
426:and especially
398:
373:anthropocentric
365:
236:Wallacea Forest
178:
177:
176:
175:
167:
166:
165:
157:
156:
145:
139:
84:tropical forest
68:moist deciduous
54:
46:
44:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
825:
815:
814:
809:
804:
802:Tropical flora
799:
794:
780:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
746:
743:
741:
740:
723:
671:
659:
650:
632:
618:
596:
581:
569:
567:
564:
563:
562:
553:South American
550:
549:
548:
541:
524:
517:Pacific region
513:
495:
494:
493:
472:
471:
470:
469:
443:
440:
397:
394:
364:
361:
360:
359:
358:
357:
333:
332:
331:
320:
295:
294:
293:
292:
265:
255:
249:
243:
238:
233:
169:
168:
159:
158:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
141:Main article:
138:
135:
76:tropical mixed
45:
35:
26:
18:Monsoon forest
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
824:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
787:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
752:
749:
748:
737:
733:
727:
719:
715:
710:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
678:
676:
668:
663:
654:
646:
642:
641:Stanton, J.P.
636:
629:
622:
614:
610:
606:
600:
592:
585:
579:
574:
570:
561:
557:
554:
551:
546:
542:
540:
537:
534:
531:
530:
528:
525:
523:
519:
518:
514:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
492:(West Africa)
491:
487:
486:
485:
484:
481:
476:
467:
463:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
453:
449:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:
411:
407:
403:
389:
385:
383:
379:
374:
370:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:
338:
334:
329:
325:
321:
318:
315:
314:
313:
309:
308:
304:
299:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
263:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:
205:
203:
202:tropical zone
194:
187:
182:
173:
163:
154:
144:
134:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:Walter system
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
58:
52:
42:
32:
19:
735:
731:
726:
691:
687:
662:
653:
635:
627:
621:
612:
599:
590:
584:
573:
556:flora listed
552:
535:
526:
515:
497:
458:
448:biodiversity
445:
413:
399:
366:
285:The Kimberly
214:Eastern Java
210:Asia-Pacific
199:
137:Distribution
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:
353:to eastern
343:West Africa
277:Arnhem Land
807:Ecoregions
786:Categories
566:References
547:in Panama.
533:Costa Rica
404:there are
273:Queensland
264:, Thailand
248:, Cambodia
96:dry season
92:wet season
738:: 128–136
510:Indochina
396:Structure
319:of Brazil
254:, Vietnam
226:Indochina
184:Trees at
116:deciduous
745:See also
718:15212087
611:(1982),
508:in the (
420:Sanskrit
400:As with
341:Coastal
312:Americas
218:Wallacea
127:ecotones
104:tropical
102:(Am) or
812:Forests
709:1693325
512:region)
452:habitat
436:primary
430:in the
424:primary
363:Climate
326:: with
310:In the
208:In the
108:savanna
100:monsoon
80:monsoon
753:(ITTO)
716:
706:
459:Africa
415:jungle
410:lianas
351:Gambia
337:Africa
324:Panama
305:forest
49:
47:
39:
37:
355:Ghana
123:biome
714:PMID
543:the
536:e.g.
504:and
498:Asia
488:the
450:and
260:and
224:and
106:wet
736:205
704:PMC
696:doi
692:359
335:In
283:),
275:),
78:or
788::
734:,
712:.
702:.
690:.
686:.
674:^
607:;
345::
291:)
220:,
216:,
133:.
74:,
70:,
720:.
698::
287:(
279:(
271:(
59:)
53:.
43:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
