Morean War - Knowledge

1740: 2674:. In 1692 Visarion Borilović Bajica died under mysterious circumstances. The popular conspiracy theory has it that he was poisoned by the Venetians. In September of the same year, Suleyman launched another large campaign against Montenegro. The Venetian forces had no intent of facing him like the hajduks did seven years earlier and in turn retreated to the sanctuary of Cetinje monastery. Ottoman army reached Cetinje almost without a fight, with handful of Montenegrins giving only resistance. After negotiations, Venetian army was allowed to retreat from Cetinje. Before their departure, they time-mined the monastery, destroying it permanently. This move was quite unpopular among the local population and resulted in Montenegro turning its back on Venice. The strong ties remained, with guvernadur title being passed to the House of Vukotić, and then after, to the 49: 2820: 2863:). The war had created a demographic and economic crisis in the Peloponnese. According to the first census conducted by the Venetians, there were 86,468 people in the peninsula compared to a pre-war population of around 200,000. Although the Venetians managed to restore some prosperity – the population allegedly rose to some 250,000 by 1708, probably driven by immigration – they failed to win the trust of their Greek Orthodox subjects, who were used to a relative autonomy under the Turks and resented the Venetian bureaucracy. The Venetians also launched a great fortification project throughout the Morea, whose results can still be seen today. Nevertheless, Venice itself was too weakened to effectively assert its authority, and in 1715 a swift 2687: 282: 2183: 2579:. Previously a great supporter of Venice, after establishment of contact with Emperor's representatives in 1688, Arsenije became an important ally of the Habsburgs in the Balkans. Venetians were worried that under Arsenije's influence, who himself was of Montenegrin origin, the Montenegrins would lean more towards the Austrians, and thus kept at distance Visarion as well. The course of the Great Turkish war did not always coincide with Venetian interests, and thus this two-sided politics resulted in indecisive and irregular shape of the war in Montenegro. In their effort to win over Montenegrins at their side, Venice sent a detachment of Hajduks, led by their compatriot 1965:, but for two weeks, from 16 August, Königsmarck's forces were forced to continuously repulse attacks from Ismail Pasha's forces, fight off the sorties of the besieged garrison, and cope with a new outbreak of the plague – the Hannoverians counted 1,200 out of 2,750 men as sick and wounded. On 29 August Ismail Pasha launched a large-scale attack against the Venetian camp, but was heavily defeated after Morosini landed 2,000 men from the fleet on his flank. Mustapha Pasha surrendered the city on the same day, and on the next day, Morosini staged a triumphal entry in the city. The city's seven thousand Muslims, including the garrison, were transported to 1584:, which he believed to be lightly defended, before the arrival of the fleet from Venice. With a small force he sailed from Corfu to the island, but finding the fortress strongly garrisoned, he turned back. As a result of this misadventure, Cornaro was sidelined for the first year of the war, during which he served as governor of the Ionian Islands, before he was appointed to command in Dalmatia in late 1685. Once Morosini arrived at Corfu, he and the council of his commanders decided to resume the failed enterprise, so as to at least eliminate the island as a base for piracy. No definite plans were made after that, with Morosini envisaging an assault on Negroponte ( 1755: 1933: 2245: 190: 2551: 388: 366: 355: 344: 407: 248: 154: 2033: 377: 1562: 1783:, that they had suffered due to their collaboration with the Venetians in the Cretan War. In early autumn, an assembly under the presidency of the local bishop, Joachim, decided to approach the Venetians for aid, and on 20 October, a ten-man embassy arrived at Zakynthos to treat with Morosini. The discussions dragged on until February 1685, when at last the Venetian commander-in-chief resolved to supply the Maniots with quantities of guns and ammunition. In the meantime, the Ottoman authorities had not been idle. Already in the preceding months they had reinforced their troops in 1604: 2175:. The Turks used the temple for ammunition storage, and when, on the evening of 26 September 1687, a mortar shell hit the building, the resulting explosion killed 300 people and led to the complete destruction of the temple's roof and most of the walls. Despite the enormous destruction caused by the "miraculous shot", as Morosini called it, the Turks continued to defend the fort until a relief attempt from the Ottoman army from Thebes was repulsed by Königsmarck on 28 September. The garrison then capitulated, on condition of being transported to 179: 213: 501: 323: 2128: 225: 1142: 512: 437: 426: 260: 236: 492: 483: 472: 461: 450: 296: 2298:, to ferry supplies to the besieged castle. The Venetians and their allies suffered great losses, especially from another outbreak of the plague, including General Königsmarck, who succumbed to the plague on 15 September, while the Knights of Malta and of St. Stephen departed the siege in early autumn. After a last assault on 12 October proved a costly failure, Morosini had to accept defeat. On 22 October, the Venetian army, having lost in total 2509:) by the local inhabitants under Dimitrios Charopolitis and Elias Damianovich, but at about the same time, Gerakaris defended the villages of Agrafa and Karpenisi from marauding Christian warbands. Gerakaris attempted to persuade many of the independent warbands to enter Ottoman service, but without much success. He was more successful in persuading many of the Athenians who had fled the city in 1688 to return to their homes, after the Ottoman 167: 201: 1451:, to the island with 40 galleys carrying reinforcements and provisions for the island's garrison. In view of its financial weakness, Venice determined to bring the war to Ottoman territory, where they could conscript and extract tribute at will, before the Ottomans could recover from the shock and losses incurred at Vienna and reinforce their positions. Despite some thoughts of directing the Venetian assault against Castelnuovo ( 2256:, but retained command of the Venetian forces in Greece. The Senate made great efforts to replenish its forces in Greece, but once again, the need to await the expected reinforcements delayed the start of operations until the end of June. Despite the failure of the Athens expedition, the fortunes of war were still favourable: the Ottomans were reeling from a series of defeats in Hungary and Dalmatia: following the disastrous 2061:"). The next day, with Venetian ships patrolling off the shore, Mehmed and his troops abandoned Rio as well and fled east. The retreat quickly degenerated into a panic, which was often joined by the Greek villagers, and which spread on the same day to the mainland across the Corinthian Gulf as well. Thus within a single day, 25 July, the Venetians were able to capture, without opposition, the twin forts of Rio and 2332: 1707:. Already in this early part of the war, the Venetians began suffering great casualties on account of disease; Count Strassoldo was one of them. These early successes were important for the Venetians because they secured their communications with Venice, denied to the Ottomans the possibility of moving troops through the area, and provided a springboard for possible future conquests on the Greek mainland. 2016:, Morosini returned with the fleet to the bay of Nauplia on 16 October. At about the same time, the dissatisfaction among the German mercenaries, due to their losses to disease and the perceived neglect in the sharing of spoils, reached its peak, and many, including the entire Saxon contingent, returned home. Nevertheless, Venice was able to make up the losses by a new recruitment drive in 2024:, and Hannover. Due to the imminent outbreak of the Nine Years' War and the general demand for mercenaries, most of the new recruits were not veteran soldiers; the recruiters were even forced to recruit French deserters, and over 200 men deserted in turn during the march to Venice. Once again, the need to await reinforcement delayed the start of Venetian operations in 1687 until July. 1868: 1925:), on 22 June. Although well fortified, supplied, and equipped with a hundred guns and a thousand-strong garrison, the fort surrendered on 7 July, after sustained bombardment and successive Venetian assaults. Its population of 4,000 was likewise transported to Tripoli. At the same time, a Venetian squadron and Dalmatian troops captured the fort of Arkadia (modern 2198:, limiting the Venetians to the environs of Athens, so that the Venetians had to establish forts to secure the road linking Athens to Piraeus. On 26 December, the 1,400-strong remnant of the Hannoverian contingent departed, and a new outbreak of the plague during the winter further weakened the Venetian forces. The Venetians managed to recruit 500 2505:

Venetians and their Greek and Dalmatian auxiliaries on the one hand, who extracted protection money, the depredations of marauding warbands, and the Ottomans, who still demanded the payment of regular taxes. The complexity of the conflict is illustrated by the fact that Gerakaris was repulsed in June 1689 in an attack on Salona (

2611:, where the Ottoman forces annihilated the hajduks and penetrated to Cetinje. After plundering Cetinje, Bushati retreated. Undetermined, with result in low rate of mobilisation, Montenegrin attitude towards the war quickly changed, and despite the fact that handful of them were forcibly mobilised during Bushati's attack on 2472:

of Mani", allowed to recruit a force of a few hundreds, and joined the Ottoman army at Thebes. Despite the fact that he never commanded any major army, Gerakaris was to play a major role in the latter stages of the war, since his daring and destructive raids destabilized Venetian control and proved a

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Depleted by the siege and by illness, the remnants of the Hannoverian and Hessian mercenaries departed Greece on 5 November. Morosini attempted an unsuccessful attack on Monemvasia in late 1689, but his failing health forced him to return to Venice soon after. He was replaced as commander-in-chief by

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In the next year, the Ottomans seized the initiative by attacking Kelefa in early March, forcing Morosini to hasten his departure from the Ionian Islands. The Ottomans raised the siege and withdrew at the arrival of a Venetian fleet under Venieri, and on 30 March, Morosini began landing his troops in

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esteem for Venetian capabilities was low, as the Republic's power was in evident decline; indeed it was precisely the retreat of Venetian influence in Italy and the Adriatic that enabled a rapprochement between Vienna and Venice, hitherto rivals in these areas. On the Venetian side, the debate in the

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In 1692, Gerakaris spearheaded an Ottoman invasion of the Peloponnese. He took Corinth, and unsuccessfully besieged the Acrocorinth and Argos, before being forced to withdraw by the arrival of Venetian reinforcements. After renewed invasions into the Peloponnese in 1694 and 1695, Gerakaris went over

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In 1690, the reinforced Ottoman forces swept through Central Greece, and although they were repulsed in an attack on Lepanto, they re-established control over the hinterland east of Lepanto. The Venetians too scored a success: Monemvasia fell on 12 August 1690, thus removing the last Ottoman bastion

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on 14 September. Kalamata surrendered without a fight and its castle was razed, and by the end of September the remaining Ottoman garrisons in Kelefa and Passavas had capitulated and evacuated Mani. Passavas was razed, but the Venetians in turn installed their own garrisons in Kelefa and Zarnata, as

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cavalry, and established an entrenched camp. On 10 September, the Venetians and Maniots obtained the surrender of the fortress of Zarnata, its garrison of 600 being allowed safe passage to Kalamata, but its commander retiring to Venice and a rich pension. After the Kapudan Pasha rejected an offer of

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of the Morea, Hoca Halil Pasha, and Suleiman Pasha of Shkoder, to regain the lost territories in the western Balkans. By 14 March, the Ottomans had recovered Valona and regained control of northern Epirus. For the next two years, the local inhabitants, particularly in Himara, were subject to brutal

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Ottoman camp, choosing a weak spot in its defences. The Ottomans fought valiantly, but by the end of the day, they were forced to retreat, leaving behind over 2,000 dead and wounded, 160 guns and many supplies, 14 ships, and their commander's own flag. The defeat demoralized the Ottoman garrison of

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During the 17th century, the Ottomans remained the premier political and military power in Europe, but signs of decline were evident: the Ottoman economy suffered from the influx of gold and silver from the Americas, an increasingly unbalanced budget and repeated devaluations of the currency, while

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to cover the evacuation, and it was suggested, but not agreed on, that the walls of the Acropolis should be razed. As the Venetian preparations to leave became evident, many Athenians chose to leave, fearing Ottoman reprisals: 622 families, some 4,000–5,000 people, were evacuated by Venetian ships

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The campaigning season was concluded with the capture and razing of Igoumenitsa on 11 November. Once again, disease took its toll among the Venetian army in its winter quarters. Losses were particularly heavy among the German contingents, which complained about the negligence shown to them by the

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between the Ottoman strongholds in the east and the Venetian-held territories in the west was increasingly a haven for independent warbands, both Christian and Muslim, who were augmented by Albanian and Dalmatian deserters from the Venetian army. The local population was thus at the mercy of the

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to it two days later. The Venetians had assembled a substantial force, 13,000 troops and further 10,000 men in the fleet, against the Ottoman garrison of 6,000 men, which offered determined resistance. The Venetian fleet was unable to fully blockade the city, which allowed Ismail Pasha's forces,

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by small vessels, Morosini's first step was to institute a naval blockade of the northern Peloponnesian coast. Then, on 22 July, Morosini landed the first of his 14,000 troops west of Patras. Two days later, after the bulk of the Venetian forces had landed, Königsmarck led his army to attack the

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The Austrians and Poles considered Venetian participation in the war as a useful adjunct to the main operations in Central Europe, as its navy could impede the Ottomans from concentrating their forces by sea and force them to divert forces away from their own fronts. Other than that, the allies'

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The new Ottoman sultan initially desired a peace settlement, but the outbreak of the Nine Years' War in 1688, and the subsequent diversion of Austrian resources towards fighting France, encouraged the Ottoman leadership to continue the war. Under the capable leadership of the new Grand Vizier,

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This left the Venetians with an uncontested supremacy at sea, while the Ottomans resorted to using light and fast galleys to evade the Venetian fleet and resupply their fortresses along the coasts. The Ottomans believed that the Venetians would target Crete, and already before the outbreak of

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and 27 other vessels under Domenico Mocenigo attacked Crete and laid siege to its capital Candia, while at the same time the Greeks of the island rose up against the Ottomans. Despite this, the attempt to retake Crete failed due to several factors, such as Mocenigo's reluctance and Christian

1718:, who were to provide contingents of 2,400 men each as mercenaries. After the treaty was signed in December 1684, 2,500 Hannoverians joined Morosini in June 1685, while 3,300 Saxons arrived a few months later. In spring and early June 1685, the Venetian forces gathered at Corfu, Preveza, and 1129:, leaving the Ottoman Empire unable to concentrate its forces against the Venetians. As such, the Morean War was the only Ottoman–Venetian conflict from which Venice emerged victorious, gaining significant territory. Venice's expansionist revival would be short-lived, as its gains would be 1496:

were appointed to posts in the fleet squadrons. Venice increased her forces by enrolling large numbers of mercenaries from Italy and the German states, and raised funds by selling state offices and titles of nobility. Financial and military aid in men and ships was secured from the

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with 10,000 men. The Maniots resisted, but their renewed pleas for aid to the Venetians in early March resulted only in the dispatch of four ships with ammunition under Daniel Dolfin. As a result, the Maniots were forced to submit, and gave up their children as hostages to the

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from the rural population of Attica as soldiers, but no other Greeks were willing to join the Venetian army. In a council on 31 December, it was decided to abandon Athens and focus on other projects, such as the conquest of Negroponte. A camp was fortified at the

1392:, as well as auxiliary vessels, the army comprised 8,000 not very disciplined regular troops. They were complemented by a numerous and well-equipped militia, but the latter could not be used outside Italy. Revenue was also scarce, at little more than two million 2714:. The Venetians forced Kanina to surrender on 17 September, and Valona was captured on the next day, after its garrison evacuated it. This success allowed the Venetians to expand the area under their control along the coasts and interior of Epirus to 2473:

continuous drain on the Republic's resources. In spring 1689, Gerakaris conducted his first raid against the Venetian positions in western Central Greece, with a mixed force of 2,000 Turks, Albanians, Slavs and Maniots. Gerakaris seized and torched

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Venetians had important ties and considerable support among the Montenegrins, with solid ground established previously during the Cretan war. Venice strongly considered placing Montenegro under its own protection. In 1685, Montenegrin Metropolitan

1771:, Zacharias, for participating in revolutionary circles. At the same time, insurrectionist movements began among the Maniots, who resented the loss of privileges and autonomy, including the establishment of Ottoman garrisons in the fortresses of 2571:

had died."The most loyal friend of Venice" at the time, as said by the Venetians themselves, after a brief tenure of Vasilije Veljekrajski was replaced by Visarion Borilović Bajica. Borilović ascended to the throne as a protege of his relative

2096:(Malvasia) in the southeast, which was placed under siege on 3 September, continued to resist, holding out until 1690. These new successes caused great joy in Venice, and honours were heaped on Morosini and his officers. Morosini received the 1912:

was also besieged and surrendered on 14 June, after one of its magazines exploded, killing its commander, Sefer Pasa, and many of his senior officers. Its garrison, 1,500 soldiers and a like number of civilian dependents, were transported to

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of Preveza on 21 September. The castle surrendered after eight days, and Vonitsa was captured by Delladecima's men a few days later. At the end of autumn, Morosini appointed Delladecima as military governor of the region stretching from the

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The Ottomans were encouraged to invade the Morea again, but were defeated by General Steinau and driven back to their base at Thebes. At the same time, Steinau succeeded in bringing Gerakaris to come over to the Venetian side (see above).

1726:, 6,400 Venetian troops (2,400 Hannoverians and 1,000 Dalmatians), 1,000 Maltese troops, 300 Florentines, and 400 Papal soldiers. To them were added a few hundred conscripted and volunteer Greeks from the Ionian Islands and the mainland. 1888:

was appointed head of the land forces, while Morosini retained command of the fleet. Königsmarck also requested, and was granted, that the Venetians hire several other experienced officers, particularly experts in siege warfare.

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Having secured his rear during the previous year, Morosini set his sights upon the Peloponnese, where the Greeks had begun showing signs of revolt. Already in spring 1684, the Ottoman authorities had arrested and executed the

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Hoping to reinvigorate the Venetian cause, Morosini himself returned to the Morea in 1693. His advanced age denied him the chance to prove his abilities again, and on 16 January 1694, he died at Nauplia. His successor,

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Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha, the Ottomans went over to the counteroffensive. As the main effort was directed against Austria, the Ottomans were never able to spare enough men to reverse the Venetian gains completely.

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with 4,000 horse and 3,000 foot, and tried to assist the besieged garrison. The Venetians launched an assault against the relief army on 7 August that succeeded in taking Argos and forcing the pasha to retreat to

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from being captured. However, his brutal and savage treatment of the civilian population and his intriguing for the position of Bey of Mani could not be tolerated for long by Venice, and after the brutal sack of

1884:, as well as further mercenaries, which raised his army to some 10,000 foot and 1,000 horse, before commencing his advance in late May. Following a recommendation by Morosini himself, the veteran Swedish marshal 2626:

and in couple of days reached Castelnuovo on 2 September. Venetians commenced a siege, followed by heavy bombardment on a daily basis. Ottomans tried to break the blockade by sending reinforcements commanded by

2607:, gathered an army and marched towards Cetinje, when the Pivljanin and his hajduks, accompanied by Venetian detachment and joined by some Montenegrins decided to make a last stand. The confrontation resulted in 1411:, the Ottomans' position was even worse: on land they were reeling from a succession of defeats, so that the Sultan had to double the pay of his troops and resort to forcible conscription. At the same time, the 1836:

had taken part, and soon the area rose up in revolt again, encouraged by Morosini's presence at Coron. The Venetian commander now targeted Kalamata, where the Kapudan Pasha had landed 6,000 infantry and 2,000

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on 11 September 1688. The capture of Knin marked the end of the successful Venetian campaign to expand their territory in inland Dalmatia, and it also determined much of the final border between Dalmatia and

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Nevertheless, at the outbreak of the war, the military forces of the Republic were meagre. The long Cretan War had exhausted Venetian resources, and Venetian power was in decline in Italy as well as the

2092:, where he persuaded the Ottoman garrison to surrender, and the Maniots occupied Karytaina, abandoned by its Ottoman garrison. The Peloponnese was under complete Venetian control, and only the fort of 2746:

After ensuring the defense of the Isthmus of Corinth, with 2,000 foot soldiers, 4,000 cavalry and 250 Greeks, the Venetians turned their attention to Crete. In 1692, a Venetian fleet comprising 34

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To counter this new threat, the Venetians renewed their attempts to win over local leaders and recruit local and refugee Greeks into militias. In this way, the Republic formed two warbands, one at

2710:. The Venetians landed troops on 11 September 1690, but instead of confronting them, the Ottomans withdrew and divided their 7,000 troops in the area between the Valona and the inland fortress of 1212:, who formed the core of the Ottoman armies, declined in quality and were increasingly replaced by irregular forces that were inferior to the regular European armies. The reform efforts of Sultan 737: 1231:, whose members governed the Empire from 1656 to 1683, managed to sustain Ottoman power and even enabled it to conquer Crete, but the long and drawn-out war there exhausted Ottoman resources. 742: 1859:

Venetian authorities, and the often spoiled food they were sent: the Hannoverians alone lost 736 men to disease in the period from April 1685 to January 1686, as opposed to 256 in battle.

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on 15 September. They were ultimately defeated by Montenegrins on Kameno. Herceg Novi surrendered to the Venetians on 31 September ending almost a century and a half rule of the Ottomans

1004: 977: 973: 1829:. The Ottoman efforts to break the siege were defeated, and on 11 August, the fortress surrendered. During the negotiations, the garrison was massacred due to suspicion of treachery. 1809:

At long last, on 21 June the Venetian fleet set sail for the Peloponnese, and on 25 June, the Venetian army, over 8,000 men strong, landed outside the former Venetian fort of Coron (

1524:, similar measures were undertaken; over 2,000 soldiers, apart from sailors and rowers for the fleet, were recruited. On 10 June 1684, Morosini set sail from Venice, and sailed to 1156:

Venice had held several islands in the Aegean and the Ionian seas, together with strategically positioned forts along the coast of the Greek mainland since the carving up of the

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to relieve the fortress or impede the Venetians ended in a defeat in battle, after which the Venetians moved to blockade and besiege another former Venetian stronghold, Modon (

2286:). Several of Morosini's councillors suggested the moment opportune to attempt a reconquest of Crete, but the new Doge refused, and insisted on a campaign against Negroponte. 1545: 1046: 2364: 1327:, regained the initiative and pushed the Austrians back, recovering Niš and Vidin in 1690 and launching raids across the Danube. After 1696, the tide turned again, with the 1944:

between 30 July and 4 August, within striking distance of the capital of the Peloponnese, Nauplia. On the very first day, Königsmarck led his troops to capture the hill of

1400:, who played a leading role in forming the Holy League and, according to the historian Peter Topping, "nearly impoverished the Curia in raising subsidies for the allies". 854: 2468:, who had helped them during their invasion of Mani in the Cretan War, but had since been imprisoned at Constantinople for acts of piracy. He was released, invested as " 682: 2317:

Girolamo Cornaro. This marked the end of Venetian ascendancy, and the beginning of a number of successful, although in the end not decisive, Ottoman counteroffensives.

2347:, who thereby rebelled against their nominal Ottoman suzerainty that had existed since 1513. In an effort to retaliate to Poljica, in June 1685, the Ottomans attacked 884: 4017:

Chasiotis, Ioannis (1975). "Η κάμψη της Οθωμανικής δυνάμεως" [The decline of Ottoman power]. In Christopoulos, Georgios A. & Bastias, Ioannis K. (eds.).

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in October 1684 and then again March and April 1685, but both times without success. In the 1685 attempt, the Venetian armies were aided by the local militia of the

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Despite the fall of Athens, Morosini's position was not secure. The Ottomans were amassing an army at Thebes, and their 2,000-strong cavalry effectively controlled

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A History of Greece from its Conquest by the Romans to the Present Time, B.C. 146 to A.D. 1864, Vol. V: Greece under Othoman and Venetian Domination A.D. 1453–1821

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Visarion Borilović, who was elected in the meantime, devised a closer war plan with the Venetians, and sent 1500 Montenegrins under Duke Vučeta Bogdanović from

2151:, while the Venetian fleet entered Piraeus. The Turks quickly evacuated the town of Athens, but the garrison and much of the population withdrew to the ancient 2084:

at his approach after torching the town, which was captured by the Venetians on 7 August. Morosini now gave orders for the preparation of a campaign across the

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of the Parthenon. The Venetians abandoned the attempt to remove further sculptures from the temple, and instead took a few marble lions, including the famous

1880:. The Venetian forces were slow to assemble, and Morosini had to await the arrival of reinforcements in the form of 13 galleys from the Papal States and the 999: 2733:

The Ottoman reaction was not long delayed: in early 1691, Grand Vizier Fazıl Mustafa Pasha sent reinforcements under Kaplan Pasha and Djafer Pasha, the new

1817:. The Maniots remained passive at first, and for a time the position of the besieging Christian troops was threatened by the troops led by the governor of 1627: 1479: 539: 2751:

desertions, among others. Mocenigo ended the siege, took with him 2,000 Cretans who worked with him against the Ottomans, and left to the Peloponnese.

1969:. News of this major victory was greeted in Venice with joy and celebration. Nauplia became the Venetians' major base, while Ismail Pasha withdrew to 1739: 1016: 2116:, who commanded the Hannoverian troops, received a jewelled sword valued at 4,000 ducats, and similar gifts were made to many officers in the army. 869: 839: 4518: 1833: 1570: 1537: 430: 54: 4548: 4412: 2352: 1977:. The Ottoman forces elsewhere fell into disarray when false rumours circulated that the Sultan had ordered the Peloponnese evacuated; thus at 532: 4553: 2080:

surrendered to Angelo De Negri from Zakynthos on 27 July, while Königsmarck marched east towards Corinth. The Ottoman garrison abandoned the

2163:, which would last six days (23–29 September) and would cause much destruction to the ancient monuments. The Ottomans first demolished the 1992:. In early October, Morosini led his own ships in a vain search for the Ottoman fleet; as part of this expedition, Morosini landed at the 1948:, then only poorly fortified, which overlooked the town. The commander of the city, Mustapha Pasha, moved the civilians to the citadel of 1360:

about joining the war was heated, but in the end the war party prevailed, judging the moment as an excellent and unique opportunity for a

2529:. Gerakaris's defection to the Venetians was a plight to the Ottoman war effort causing them to go on the defensive, in order to prevent 636: 2113: 2216:, Patras, and Aegean islands. Morosini decided to at least take back a few ancient monuments as spoils, but on 19 March the statues of 1196:. They agreed to conduct a joint campaign in the Morea. In 1659, Morosini landed in the Morea, and together with the Maniots, he took 2356: 1662:, had contacted the Venetians with proposals for a common cause; with the Venetian advance, a general rising occurred in the area of 4041: 2305:

men, left Negroponte and headed for Argos. with them went the warlord Nikolaos Karystinos, who had launched an uprising in southern

4523: 4498: 4493: 4100: 2595:. Previously, they demonstrated their intents during a short night attack on Herceg Novi on 22 August 1684. The Vizier of Skhoder, 1130: 610: 595: 590: 585: 580: 1364:. As a result, when news arrived in Venice on 25 April 1684 of the signing of the Holy League, for the first and only time in the 48: 4113: 2496:

under the Greek armatoloi captains and Dalmatian officers Spanos, Chormopoulos, Bossinas, Vitos, and Lubozovich, and another at

2155:, determined to hold out until reinforcements arrived from Thebes. The Venetian army set up cannon and mortar batteries on the 629: 4136: 4030: 3864: 2139:

The Venetian position in the Peloponnese could not be secure as long as the Ottomans held onto eastern Central Greece, where

1324: 575: 4019:Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ΄: Ο Ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία (περίοδος 1669 - 1821), Τουρκοκρατία - Λατινοκρατία 4488: 4483: 1235: 2819: 4457:Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος Δ′: Τουρκοκρατία 1669–1812 – Η οικονομική άνοδος και ο φωτισμός του γένους (Έκδοση Β′) 2628: 1596:, a rite normally associated with the departure of a crusade. Two days later, the fleet arrived at Santa Maura. After a 4543: 2686: 2359:, but were pushed back, and suffered major casualties. With the help of the local population of Poljica as well as the 1974: 1671: 1518: 1435:

to be fitted out for war. However, the Ottomans could also count on the assistance of the fleets of their vassals, the

989: 984: 104: 2596: 2147:) were significant military strongholds. Thus, on 21 September 1687, Königsmarck's army, 10,750 men strong, landed at 1588:) with a view towards gaining a base of operations in the Aegean, or alternatively focusing on capturing the coast of 712: 4433: 4344:

seminar, held by the Fondazione Querini Stampalia – Dipartimento di Studi Storici, Venice, 25 May 2001) (in Italian).

4230: 2276: 1243: 465: 189: 2525:, Gerakaris officially joined the Venetians with several terms and conditions; for example, he was awarded with the 4023:

History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under Foreign Rule (Period 1669 - 1821), Turkocracy – Latinocracy

2698:

In an effort to aid the Greeks of Himara, who had rebelled against the Turks, and after some successes in northern

1431:

reports that the fleet scarcely had six men-of-war ready for operations, and was about to bring ten further to the

1408: 1343:

in September 1697. In its aftermath, negotiations began between the warring parties, leading to the signing of the

2248:

Medal struck in Nuremberg in 1688 in honour of Morosini's conquest of the Morea and his election as Doge of Venice

1710:

At the same time, Venice set about providing Morosini with more troops, and concluded treaties with the rulers of

4478: 2864: 2780: 2182: 899: 4461:

History of modern Hellenism, Volume IV: Turkish rule 1669–1812 – Economic upturn and enlightenment of the nation

1051: 2587:

to rise the population against the Ottomans in 1685. The detachment was composed mainly of Montenegrins from

2573: 1842:

Morisini to disperse his army, the Venetian army, reinforced by 3,300 Saxons and under the command of general

2232:, which had given the harbour its medieval name "Porto Leone", and which today stands at the entrance of the 2160: 1956:

Ismail Pasha for aid; before the Venetians managed to complete their disembarkation, Ismail Pasha arrived at

1290: 804: 2835:, signed in January 1699, confirmed the Venetian possession of Kephalonia, and the Morea with the island of 4533: 4528: 2576: 2076:

The Venetians followed up this success with the reduction of the last Ottoman bastions in the Peloponnese:

2017: 1473: 1328: 1973:

in the northern Peloponnese after strengthening the garrisons at Corinth, which controlled the passage to

1754: 958: 2808: 2783:

in February 1695 resulted in a Venetian defeat, and forced a humiliating Venetian withdrawal from Chios.

1597: 946: 764: 2260:, in November 1687, a mutiny broke out that resulted in the dismissal and execution of the Grand Vizier 2167:

to erect a cannon battery, and on 25 September, a Venetian cannonball exploded a powder magazine in the

1988:

to reinforce the Ottoman positions in Corinth, was forced by these news to turn back to its base in the

1885: 381: 66: 4538: 4162: 2796: 2363:, the fortress of Sinj finally fell to the Venetian army on 30 September 1686. On 1 September 1687 the 2290: 2135:, September 1687. The trajectory of the shell that hit the Parthenon, causing its explosion, is marked. 1463: 1181: 1114: 819: 759: 600: 570: 4147: 2257: 732: 2244: 1847: 1759: 1592:. On 18 July 1684, the fleet left Corfu, receiving a papal benediction by the local Catholic bishop, 1365: 1041: 859: 779: 707: 556: 40: 1932: 1462:

Morosini, having a distinguished record and great experience of operations in Greece, was chosen as

4508: 2500:

under the captains Kourmas, Meïdanis, and Elias Damianovich. At the same time, the large swathe of

2261: 1936:

View of Nauplia from the sea, with the heights of Palamidi in the background, by Vincenzo Coronelli

1416: 1302: 994: 874: 814: 784: 2550: 924: 4513: 2800: 2105: 1940:

The Venetians then, in a lightning move, retired their field army from Messenia and landed it at

1901: 1768: 1357: 909: 894: 799: 794: 747: 2021: 1904:

providing its water supply was cut. Its garrison, comprising black Africans, was transported to

1670:. Muslim villages were attacked, looted, and torched, and Ottoman rule collapsed across western 1580:(Santa Maura). Morosini's political rival, Girolamo Cornaro, tried to preempt him and seize the 1309: 1224: 834: 692: 4452: 4334: 4272: 3812: 2738:

reprisals, which led many to flee to Corfu, and others to convert to Islam to save themselves.

2691: 2622:

in the aid of Girolamo Cornaro during his attack on Herceg Novi. Venetian fleet set sails from

2381: 1997: 1881: 1843: 1533: 1510: 1298: 1251: 1180:) to the Turks. Between 1645 and 1669, the Venetians and the Ottomans fought a long and costly 1177: 1109:) peninsula in southern Greece. On the Venetian side, the war was fought to avenge the loss of 864: 677: 370: 229: 2804: 2164: 2032: 1909: 1814: 1744: 1722:: 37 galleys (17 of which Tuscan, Papal, or Maltese), 5 galleasses, 19 sailing ships, and 12 1715: 1593: 1581: 1561: 930: 789: 774: 2675: 1459:), in the end it was decided to leave the matter to the decision of the commander-in-chief. 829: 2840: 2632: 2608: 2465: 2376: 1852: 1711: 1368:, the Most Serene Republic declared war on the Ottomans, rather than the other way around. 1126: 769: 722: 697: 516: 441: 315: 2190:, built between 1692 and 1694, with the lion statues brought by Morosini from the Piraeus. 1855:, to keep an eye on the unruly Maniots, before returning to the Ionian Islands to winter. 1301:. Over the next few years, the Austrians recovered Hungary from Ottoman control, and even 687: 8: 4503: 4063: 2832: 2635:. The Ottomans tried to retaliate in March and May 1688. Suleyman Pasha Bushati attacked 2526: 2412: 2344: 2152: 2132: 2058: 1897: 1603: 1498: 1493: 1344: 1319:

in the next year. The Austrians were now overextended, as well as being embroiled in the

941: 879: 844: 194: 4378: 4082: 2779:. The island was taken easily, but the Turkish response was swift and massive. A double 2644: 2108:, something never before done for a living citizen. Königsmarck was rewarded with 6,000 1168:, during the 16th and early 17th centuries, the Venetians lost most of these, including 4406: 4399:

Continental Greece during the Venetian–Turkish War (1684–1699) and Philotheos of Salona

4290: 2666:. In July 1691 Suleyman was defeated yet again during his expeditions of punishment by 2522: 2404: 2085: 1821:, Halil Pasha, and the fresh reinforcements disembarked by the Ottoman fleet under the 1818: 1748: 1612: 1428: 1320: 1282: 1247: 1238:, the Ottomans secured their last territorial expansion in Europe with the conquest of 1189: 1117:. It happened while the Ottomans were entangled in their northern struggle against the 1086: 1026: 809: 387: 376: 365: 354: 348: 343: 159: 134: 62: 2044:, with 10,000 men under Mehmed Pasha. As the Ottomans were resupplied from across the 1021: 392: 4429: 4365: 4321: 4226: 4174: 4132: 4128:

Economic Life in Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade and the Struggle for Land, 1600–1800

4055: 4026: 2663: 2428: 2385: 2187: 1922: 1266: 1262: 1200:. He was soon after forced to return to Crete, and the Peloponnesian venture failed. 1118: 1082: 1011: 702: 653: 287: 35: 2568: 849: 4267: 2844: 2771:, against the advice of his officers, led an expedition against the rich island of 2636: 2501: 2233: 1700: 1541: 1467: 1432: 1397: 1274: 1157: 1122: 1070: 919: 672: 415: 396: 359: 73:) on the obverse, and the main fortresses captured by the Venetians on the reverse. 70: 3958: 2711: 2654:

Ivan "Zane" Grbičić to Cetinje the following year, who was then elected the first

727: 4395:Ἡ Στερεά Ἐλλάς κατά τον ἐνετοτουρκικόν πόλεμον (1684–1699) και ὁ Σαλώνων Φιλόθεος 4315: 4254: 4220: 4126: 4051: 4046: 3816: 2766: 2706:, the Venetian fleet launched an attack against the Ottoman port and fortress of 2478: 2045: 1962: 1695: 1674:. By the end of the month the Ottomans only held on to the coastal fortresses of 1663: 1340: 1336: 1036: 936: 914: 717: 327: 2811:, but they were generally indecisive and failed to shift the balance of forces. 2671: 23:

Conflict between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire from 1684 to 1698

4311: 4216: 2667: 2639:

Kuči, only to suffer a devastating defeat twice, with 1500 casualties and lost

2580: 2530: 2295: 2253: 2221: 2140: 2070: 2005: 1914: 1877: 1796: 1704: 1521: 1517:, and experienced Austrian officers were seconded to the Venetian army. In the 1502: 1436: 1294: 1165: 1161: 1090: 1031: 963: 491: 482: 471: 460: 449: 411: 300: 295: 264: 206: 4325: 2715: 2224:

fell down and smashed into pieces as they were being removed from the western

2127: 4472: 4369: 4178: 4078: 4059: 2824: 2643:

to them. In the summer of the same year, at the tribal assembly in Gradac in

2592: 2440: 2097: 2050: 1957: 1822: 1448: 1404: 1393: 1377: 1228: 4156:] (in Italian). Rome: Tipo lit. Ministero della Marina – Uff. Gabinetto. 2289:

On 11 July, the first Venetian troops began disembarking at Negroponte, and

1323:(1688–97) against France. The Ottomans, under another Köprülü Grand Vizier, 1141: 4463:] (in Greek) (2nd ed.). Thessaloniki: Emm. Sfakianakis & Sons. 4350: 4093:

Venezia e la guerra di Morea: guerra, politica e cultura alla fine del '600

2727: 2535: 2436: 2424: 2229: 2013: 2001: 1985: 1941: 1506: 1412: 1373: 1278: 1081:, was fought between 1684–1699 as part of the wider conflict known as the " 310: 252: 218: 2795:

There were several naval clashes between the opposing fleets, such as at

2555: 2474: 2368: 2081: 2054: 1989: 1949: 1801: 1788: 1687: 1683: 1639: 1452: 1420: 1209: 1106: 505: 96: 2432: 2416: 1832:

In the final stage of the siege, 230 Maniots under the Zakynthian noble

1335:

by the Russians in 1696 followed by a disastrous defeat at the hands of

524: 53:

Medal commemorating the Venetian victories in the Morean War, struck by

3265: 2776: 2703: 2655: 2521:

to the Venetian camp. In 1696, after negotiations and the mediation of

2093: 2077: 1926: 1905: 1719: 1631: 1456: 1439:. The Venetians on the other hand mobilized a fleet of 28 galleys, six 1385: 1098: 112: 108: 17: 4351:"Lo sviluppo dell'Armata grossa nell'emergenza della guerra marittima" 4335:"L'evoluzione della flotta veneziana durante la prima guerra di Morea" 4294: 4154:

History of the Venetian navy: from Lepanto to the fall of the Republic

4149:

Storia della marina veneziana: da Lepanto alla caduta della Repubblica

2867:(in what was often termed the Second Morean War) reclaimed the Morea. 2619: 1682:. The Venetian fleet engaged in raids along the coast of Epirus up to 4120:. Montenegrina – digitalna biblioteka crnogorske kulture i nasljedja. 2859:), Messenia, with seat at Navarino, and Achaea, with seat at Patras ( 2497: 2493: 2265: 2213: 2199: 2172: 2168: 2066: 2040:

In the meantime, the Ottomans had formed a strong entrenched camp at

1984:

The Ottoman fleet, under the Kapudan Pasha, which had arrived in the

1978: 1795:(Ottoman commander-in-chief) of the Morea, Ismail Pasha, invaded the 1655: 1619: 454: 183: 171: 58: 4242:"Montenegrina – digitalna biblioteka crnogorske kulture i nasljedja" 2408: 1622:. The offshore island of Petalas was occupied on 10 August by Count 1466:

and commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force. His chief rival,

621: 4206: 2659: 2604: 2486: 2482: 2444: 2420: 2360: 2348: 2310: 2236:. On 10 April, the Venetians evacuated Attica for the Peloponnese. 2225: 2217: 2204: 2062: 2027: 1970: 1945: 1826: 1790: 1780: 1667: 1635: 1528:, where he was joined by Venice's allies: five Papal galleys under 1489: 1424: 1381: 1305: 1213: 1205: 1197: 1094: 476: 271: 2707: 1423:

as being in a sore state, both numerically and qualitatively; the

4256:

Jugoslovenske zemlje u mletačko-turskim ratovima XVI–XVIII vijeka

2747: 2699: 2584: 2539: 2506: 2396: 2392: 2209: 2148: 2144: 2089: 1993: 1966: 1784: 1772: 1723: 1679: 1675: 1647: 1608: 1589: 1585: 1577: 1566: 1514: 1440: 1255: 1239: 1193: 3130: 2851:), divided into four provinces: Romania, with seat at Nafplion ( 2600: 2464:

In late 1688, the Turks turned for help to the Maniot buccaneer

2435:. In the final peace treaty, Venice did relinquish the areas of 2384:

that stands today. The Ottomans would besiege Sinj again in the

1101:, but the war's major campaign was the Venetian conquest of the 3096: 3094: 2836: 2719: 2588: 2400: 2331: 2306: 2195: 2176: 2041: 2009: 1838: 1810: 1776: 1691: 1659: 1643: 1389: 1270: 1173: 1169: 240: 100: 3346: 3298: 2171:. The most important damage caused was the destruction of the 1312: 1269:

and the Ottomans, with a large Ottoman army advancing towards

2772: 2723: 2651: 2640: 2612: 2559: 2109: 2104:", and a bronze bust of his was displayed in the Hall of the 1893: 1651: 1525: 1316: 1185: 1110: 1102: 4208:

Venise et la Morée: du triomphe a la désillusion (1684–1718)

3091: 2538:

in 27 August 1696, Gerakaris was arrested and imprisoned at

2459: 2371:

started, and ended with a Venetian victory on 30 September.

2623: 2372: 2340: 2156: 1332: 1286: 3994: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3830: 3828: 3792: 3790: 3751: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3590: 3568: 3566: 3539: 3515: 3481: 3479: 3452: 3428: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3373: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3229: 3207: 3205: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2513:

guaranteed that there would be no reprisals against them.

1443:, one bastard galley (as the flagship) and 12 men-of-war. 1403:

According to the reports of the English ambassador to the

1248:

Ukrainian territory on the right bank of the Dnieper River

4281:

Topping, Peter (1976). "Venice's Last Imperial Venture".

4222:

Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century

3840: 3763: 3727: 3621: 3551: 3527: 3491: 3440: 3416: 3404: 3334: 3310: 3217: 3190: 3166: 3142: 3118: 3081: 3079: 3049: 3012: 3010: 2948: 2936: 2912: 2900: 2469: 2327:

Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian theater in Great Turkish War

2309:

and had tried, without success, to capture the castle of

2000:, Jacob, and notables of the town, who offered him 9,000 1576:

The first target of the Venetian fleet was the island of

4163:"Inhabitants of Poljica in the War of Morea (1684–1699)" 3984: 3982: 3363: 3361: 3066: 3064: 3039: 3037: 2647:, Montenegro officially recognised Venetian suzerainty. 2447:, to maintain the pre-existing demarcation near Ragusa. 2112:

in a gold basin and a pay rise to 24,000 ducats a year,

1867: 3907: 3825: 3787: 3602: 3563: 3503: 3476: 3385: 3277: 3253: 3202: 2984: 2876: 1618:

The Venetians then crossed onto the mainland region of

1184:

over the last major Venetian possession in the Aegean,

3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3178: 3154: 3106: 3076: 3007: 2681: 2485:, and launched attacks on the Venetian strongholds in 2073:, where Mehmed Pasha set about regrouping his forces. 1862: 1556: 4200:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 3979: 3967: 3963:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 231. 3938: 3926: 3775: 3739: 3633: 3578: 3464: 3358: 3322: 3241: 3061: 3034: 3022: 2972: 2888: 2678:. Ottoman army retreated from Cetinje shortly after. 2069:(Lepanto). The Ottomans halted their retreat only at 1981:

Ottoman troops killed their commander and dispersed.

1694:, before launching a concerted effort to capture the 4261:Када јe јануара 1685. умро цетињcки митрополит Рувим 4225:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. 2960: 2924: 1396:

a year. Venice received considerable subsidies from

1258:

the boundary between the Ottoman Empire and Russia.

3818:Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού: Τουρκοκρατία 1669–1812 3715: 3696: 3684: 3672: 3645: 2339:In the Morean War, the Republic of Venice besieged 4042:"Boka kotorska u doba Morejskoga rata (1684–1699)" 3895: 2403:. In 1694 they managed to take areas north of the 1729: 1415:was described by European observers like Chandos, 4283:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 4211:(PhD thesis) (in French). Université de Provence. 2790: 2650:Metropolitan Visarion thus invited nobleman from 2252:On 3 April 1688, Morosini was elected as the new 2122: 2053:, which abandoned it and fled to the fortress of 1871:View of the fortress and harbour of Modon in 1688 4470: 2599:, after threatening and pacifying the tribes of 2028:Patras and the completion of the conquest (1687) 1540:, and seven galleys and three men-of-war of the 61:in 1687. It shows the main Venetian commanders ( 4091:Infelise, Mario and Anastasia Stouraiti (eds), 3883: 3852: 4101:"Planinska sela Dracevice pod vlascu Venecije" 3821:(in Greek). Εκδόσεις Ηρόδοτος. pp. 29–43. 2239: 2159:and other heights around the city and began a 2131:Engraving depicting the Venetian siege of the 4342:Venezia e il Mediterraneo. La guerra di Morea 4194:The Venetians in Athens, 1687–1688, from the 4145: 3871: 3136: 3100: 2065:(the "Little Dardanelles") and the castle of 2036:View of Patras in 1708, by Vincenzo Coronelli 1600:, the fortress capitulated on 6 August 1684. 1483: 1471: 637: 540: 87:(14 years, 9 months and 1 day) 4422:Dalmatia Between Ottoman and Venetian Rule: 4025:] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. 3811: 1380:was a well-maintained force, comprising ten 1121: – beginning with the failed 2545: 1848:attacked the Ottoman camp and defeated them 1686:and even on the north-western coast of the 1634:, the Venetians then captured the towns of 1188:. During this war, the Venetian commander, 4445:Racconto Historico Della Guerra in Levante 4411:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4266: 4252: 3846: 3733: 2615:in 1686 they were now in favor of Venice. 1892:On 2 June, Königsmarck landed his army at 1630:. Reinforced with volunteers, mostly from 1447:hostilities sent their chief admiral, the 1350: 1250:, but were held back by the Russians. The 644: 630: 547: 533: 47: 4442: 4320:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 4253:Stanojević, Gligor; Tadić, Jorjo (1970). 4016: 4000: 3920: 3834: 3796: 3757: 3615: 3596: 3572: 3545: 3521: 3509: 3485: 3458: 3434: 3398: 3379: 3304: 3292: 3259: 3235: 3211: 3001: 2954: 2942: 2918: 2906: 2894: 2882: 2754: 2741: 2460:The rise and fall of Limberakis Gerakaris 554: 4204: 3956: 3196: 3184: 3172: 3148: 3124: 3112: 3085: 2827:coin celebrating the Treaty of Karlowitz 2818: 2685: 2662:in Cetinje, and fortified themselves in 2549: 2330: 2243: 2181: 2126: 2114:Maximilian William of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2031: 1931: 1866: 1753: 1738: 1734: 1602: 1560: 1140: 4280: 4124: 4039: 3988: 3690: 3016: 2978: 2781:naval battle near the Oinousses Islands 4519:Wars involving the Knights Hospitaller 4471: 4239: 4215: 4077: 3973: 3944: 3932: 3901: 3863:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMonitor ( 3781: 3769: 3745: 3639: 3627: 3584: 3557: 3533: 3497: 3470: 3446: 3422: 3410: 3367: 3352: 3340: 3328: 3316: 3271: 3247: 3223: 3070: 3055: 3043: 3028: 2966: 2930: 2335:Knin during the Venetian siege of 1687 2320: 1273:. The Ottoman siege was broken in the 1223:), and the able administration of the 4549:Wars involving the Republic of Venice 4303: 4191: 4173:(21). Croatian Institute of History. 4160: 3807: 3805: 3721: 3709: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3160: 2855:), Laconia, with seat at Monemvasia ( 2450: 1551: 1532:, four galleys and a man-of-war from 1127:gaining Buda and the whole of Hungary 651: 625: 528: 4554:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire 2682:Capture of Kanina and Valona (1690) 1900:surrendered the next day, after the 1607:Engraving of the Venetian attack on 4381:. Archaeology of the city of Athens 4111: 3960:Naval wars in the Levant, 1559–1853 3889: 3858: 2275:), who was replaced by his brother 1863:Navarino, Modon, and Nauplia (1686) 1557:Operations in western Greece (1684) 1192:, made contact with the rebellious 137:; Venetian gains in inland Dalmatia 13: 4317:Naval Wars in the Levant 1559–1853 3802: 2264:and even the deposition of Sultan 1952:, and sent urgent messages to the 1093:. Military operations ranged from 14: 4565: 4098: 3877: 3274:, pp. 175–176, 177 (note 2). 2839:, which became organized as the " 2395:, which opened the route towards 2391:On 26 November 1690, Venice took 1123:Ottoman attempt to conquer Vienna 2088:towards Athens, before going to 1289:on 5 March 1684 between Emperor 510: 499: 490: 481: 470: 459: 448: 435: 424: 405: 386: 375: 364: 353: 342: 321: 294: 280: 258: 246: 234: 223: 211: 199: 188: 177: 165: 152: 4524:Wars involving the Papal States 4499:1690s in the Republic of Venice 4494:1680s in the Republic of Venice 3950: 2803:and also in September 1697, at 2554:The fortresses of Castelnuovo ( 2281: 2270: 1851:well as the offshore island of 1730:Conquest of the Morea (1685–87) 1281:. As a result, an anti-Ottoman 1218: 85:25 April 1684 – 26 January 1699 4443:Locatelli, Alessandro (1691). 4131:. Cambridge University Press. 4114:"Cetinjski Manastir Na Ćipuru" 2791:Naval operations in the Aegean 2186:The triumphal entrance to the 2123:Occupation of Athens (1687–88) 1125:and ending with the Habsburgs 1: 4161:Nazor, Ante (February 2002). 4146:Nani Mocenigo, Mario (1935). 4009: 2629:Topal Hussein Pasha of Bosnia 2299: 1146: 1136: 4393:Dokos, Konstantinos (1975). 4192:Paton, James Morton (1940). 2870: 2814: 2208:and settled as colonists in 1802: 1789: 1642:. Greek leaders from across 1546:Giovanni Battista Brancaccio 1474:Provveditore Generale da Mar 1236:Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76) 1145:Map of south-eastern Europe 444:(Early 1696 until Late 1696) 7: 4489:1690s in the Ottoman Empire 4484:1680s in the Ottoman Empire 4447:. Venice: Girolamo Albrizi. 4358:Storia di Venezia – Rivista 4095:(Milan: FrancoAngeli, 2005) 2726:, and even the vicinity of 2477:, plundered the regions of 2240:Attack on Negroponte (1688) 2004:as tribute. After visiting 10: 4570: 4453:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. 4087:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 2658:. Venetians established a 2637:Montenegrin Highland tribe 2324: 1996:, where he was met by the 1917:. Attempts by the Ottoman 1787:, and in February the new 1658:captains of Acarnania and 1464:Captain General of the Sea 1079:Sixth Ottoman–Venetian War 15: 4544:Wars involving Montenegro 4401:] (in Greek). Athens. 4040:Čoralić, Lovorka (2001). 2388:, but would be repelled. 1825:, both at Nauplia and at 1133:by the Ottomans in 1718. 663: 566: 335: 145: 77: 46: 33: 28: 4456: 4377:Chatziaslani, Kornilia. 4349:Candiani, Guido (2003). 4333:Candiani, Guido (2001). 3957:Anderson, R. C. (1952). 2562:), by Vincenzo Coronelli 2546:Operations in Montenegro 1910:fortress of New Navarino 1886:Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck 1417:Luigi Ferdinando Marsili 382:Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck 67:Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck 16:Not to be confused with 4259:. Istorijski institut. 4205:Pinzelli, Eric (2003). 4198:of Cristoforo Ivanovich 4125:McGowan, Bruce (2010). 3813:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos 3355:, p. 179 (note 1). 2694:, by Vincenzo Coronelli 2577:Arsenije III Čarnojević 2106:Great Council of Venice 1769:Metropolitan of Corinth 1762:, by Vincenzo Coronelli 1565:Sketch of the Siege of 1351:Venice prepares for war 1277:by the King of Poland, 1208:cavalry system and the 1164:. With the rise of the 519:(1688 until Early 1696) 4479:17th century in Greece 4273:The Balkans Since 1453 2848: 2828: 2755:Final years of the war 2742:Attack on Crete (1692) 2695: 2656:Montenegrin Guvernadur 2563: 2382:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2336: 2249: 2191: 2161:siege of the Acropolis 2136: 2037: 1998:Metropolitan of Athens 1937: 1882:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 1872: 1844:Hannibal von Degenfeld 1763: 1751: 1615: 1573: 1530:Paolo Emilio Malaspina 1511:Knights of St. Stephen 1484: 1472: 1299:Marcantonio Giustinian 1252:Treaty of Bakhchisarai 1153: 1115:Cretan War (1645–1669) 1074: 596:Fourth (War of Cyprus) 371:Hannibal von Degenfeld 336:Commanders and leaders 316:Eyalet of Tripolitania 230:Knights of St. Stephen 4217:Setton, Kenneth Meyer 3307:, pp. 20, 22–23. 2822: 2689: 2553: 2334: 2247: 2185: 2165:Temple of Athena Nike 2130: 2035: 1935: 1870: 1757: 1742: 1735:Coron and Mani (1685) 1624:Niccolo di Strassoldo 1606: 1594:Marcantonio Barbarigo 1582:Castle of Santa Maura 1564: 1485:provveditore generale 1366:Ottoman–Venetian Wars 1144: 1077:), also known as the 931:Action of 6 July 1697 601:Fifth (War of Candia) 558:Ottoman–Venetian wars 41:Ottoman–Venetian Wars 4420:Mayhew, Tea (2008). 4379:"Morosini in Athens" 4340:(Paper presented at 4246:www.montenegrina.net 4240:Stanojević, Gligor. 4118:www.montenegrina.net 2841:Kingdom of the Morea 2609:Battle of Vrtijeljka 2466:Limberakis Gerakaris 1293:, Sobieski, and the 517:Limberakis Gerakaris 442:Limberakis Gerakaris 4534:Ottoman Peloponnese 4529:Wars involving Mani 4050:(in Croatian) (3). 3772:, pp. 192–193. 3630:, pp. 189–191. 3560:, pp. 186–188. 3536:, pp. 184–186. 3500:, pp. 183–184. 3449:, pp. 180–183. 3425:, pp. 181–182. 3413:, pp. 179–180. 3343:, pp. 177–179. 3319:, pp. 176–177. 3226:, pp. 290–291. 3139:, pp. 257–258. 3058:, pp. 275–276. 2833:Treaty of Karlowitz 2805:Lemnos in July 1697 2775:, off the coast of 2633:established in 1540 2527:Order of Saint Mark 2351:, and in July 1686 2345:Republic of Poljica 2321:Battles in Dalmatia 2262:Sarı Süleyman Pasha 2220:and the chariot of 2153:Acropolis of Athens 2133:Acropolis of Athens 2059:Castle of the Morea 1898:Old Navarino castle 1345:Treaty of Karlowitz 1325:Fazıl Mustafa Pasha 1234:As a result of the 805:Acropolis of Athens 4304:General references 4112:Malbaša, Predrag. 3137:Nani Mocenigo 1935 3101:Nani Mocenigo 1935 2829: 2809:Samothrace in 1698 2696: 2564: 2523:Panagiotis Doxaras 2451:Ottoman resurgence 2405:Republic of Ragusa 2375:was taken after a 2337: 2250: 2192: 2137: 2086:Isthmus of Corinth 2038: 1938: 1908:. The more modern 1873: 1764: 1760:Battle of Kalamata 1752: 1749:Vincenzo Coronelli 1672:Continental Greece 1628:Angelo Delladecima 1616: 1613:Vincenzo Coronelli 1574: 1552:Venetian offensive 1429:Demetrius Cantemir 1265:broke out between 1190:Francesco Morosini 1154: 1087:Republic of Venice 606:Sixth (Morean War) 349:Francesco Morosini 328:Regency of Algiers 160:Republic of Venice 63:Francesco Morosini 4539:Venetian Dalmatia 4167:Povijesni prilozi 4138:978-0-521-13536-8 4032:978-960-213-100-8 4003:, pp. 39–43. 3760:, pp. 30–31. 3669:, pp. 50–51. 3599:, pp. 29–30. 3548:, pp. 28–29. 3524:, pp. 27–28. 3461:, pp. 25–26. 3437:, pp. 24–25. 3382:, pp. 23–24. 3238:, pp. 20–21. 3199:, pp. 87–88. 3175:, pp. 86–87. 3163:, pp. 48–49. 3151:, pp. 85–86. 3127:, pp. 84–85. 2957:, pp. 17–19. 2945:, pp. 16–17. 2921:, pp. 14–16. 2909:, pp. 13–14. 2853:Napoli di Romania 2676:House of Radonjić 2664:Cetinje Monastery 2386:Second Morean War 2188:Arsenal of Venice 1929:) further north. 1492:and other senior 1480:Alvise Pasqualigo 1310:reached as far as 1083:Great Turkish War 1062: 1061: 655:Great Turkish War 619: 618: 523: 522: 288:Holy Roman Empire 276:Military support: 141: 140: 36:Great Turkish War 4561: 4464: 4448: 4439: 4416: 4410: 4402: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4373: 4355: 4345: 4339: 4329: 4298: 4277: 4268:Stavrianos, L.S. 4263: 4249: 4236: 4212: 4201: 4188: 4186: 4185: 4157: 4142: 4121: 4108: 4099:Komar, Goran Z. 4088: 4074: 4072: 4071: 4062:. Archived from 4036: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3823: 3822: 3809: 3800: 3794: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3089: 3083: 3074: 3068: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3005: 2999: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2865:Ottoman campaign 2770: 2645:Lješanska nahija 2597:Suleyman Bushati 2574:Patriarch of Peć 2377:twelve-day siege 2304: 2301: 2285: 2284: 1687–1691 2283: 2274: 2273: 1648–1687 2272: 2258:Battle of Mohács 2234:Venetian Arsenal 2143:and Negroponte ( 1815:laid siege to it 1805: 1794: 1701:Gulf of Ambracia 1598:siege of 16 days 1542:Knights of Malta 1499:Knights of Malta 1487: 1477: 1468:Girolamo Cornaro 1433:Imperial Arsenal 1398:Pope Innocent XI 1275:Battle of Vienna 1222: 1221: 1623–1640 1220: 1204:the traditional 1158:Byzantine Empire 1151: 1148: 1055: 1008: 981: 658: 656: 646: 639: 632: 623: 622: 561: 559: 549: 542: 535: 526: 525: 515: 514: 513: 504: 503: 502: 495: 494: 486: 485: 475: 474: 464: 463: 453: 452: 440: 439: 438: 429: 428: 427: 420: 410: 409: 408: 401: 391: 390: 380: 379: 369: 368: 360:Girolamo Cornaro 358: 357: 347: 346: 326: 325: 324: 305:Ottoman Vassals: 299: 298: 286: 284: 283: 270: 263: 262: 261: 251: 250: 249: 239: 238: 237: 228: 227: 226: 217: 215: 214: 205: 203: 202: 195:Knights of Malta 193: 192: 182: 181: 180: 170: 169: 168: 158: 156: 155: 123:Venetian victory 79: 78: 71:Girolamo Cornaro 51: 26: 25: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4558: 4509:Ottoman Albania 4469: 4468: 4467: 4458: 4451: 4436: 4424:Contado di Zara 4419: 4404: 4403: 4392: 4384: 4382: 4376: 4353: 4348: 4337: 4332: 4312:Anderson, R. C. 4310: 4306: 4301: 4233: 4183: 4181: 4169:(in Croatian). 4139: 4069: 4067: 4052:Matica hrvatska 4033: 4012: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3987: 3980: 3972: 3968: 3955: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3931: 3927: 3919: 3908: 3900: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3876: 3872: 3862: 3857: 3853: 3847:Stanojević 1970 3845: 3841: 3833: 3826: 3810: 3803: 3795: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3734:Stavrianos 1958 3732: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3708: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3614: 3603: 3595: 3591: 3583: 3579: 3571: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3477: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3397: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3366: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3222: 3218: 3210: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3092: 3084: 3077: 3069: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3008: 3000: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2885:, pp. 8–9. 2881: 2877: 2873: 2817: 2793: 2764: 2757: 2744: 2692:Siege of Kanina 2684: 2558:) and Cattaro ( 2548: 2462: 2453: 2329: 2323: 2302: 2280: 2269: 2242: 2125: 2119: 2102:Peloponnesiacus 2046:Corinthian Gulf 2030: 1865: 1737: 1732: 1559: 1554: 1353: 1341:battle of Zenta 1337:Eugene of Savoy 1321:Nine Years' War 1254:made the river 1246:to expand into 1225:Köprülü dynasty 1217: 1149: 1139: 1085:", between the 1075:Guerra di Morea 1063: 1058: 1049: 1002: 971: 659: 654: 652: 650: 620: 615: 562: 557: 555: 553: 511: 509: 508: 500: 498: 497: 489: 488: 480: 479: 469: 468: 458: 457: 447: 436: 434: 433: 425: 423: 422: 416: 406: 404: 403: 397: 393:Stojan Janković 385: 384: 374: 373: 363: 362: 352: 351: 341: 322: 320: 311:Eyalet of Egypt 303: 293: 281: 279: 278: 274: 268: 267: 259: 257: 256: 247: 245: 244: 235: 233: 232: 224: 222: 221: 212: 210: 209: 200: 198: 197: 187: 186: 178: 176: 174: 166: 164: 162: 153: 151: 133:Morea ceded to 129: 115: 86: 52: 38: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 4567: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4514:Ottoman Greece 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4466: 4465: 4449: 4440: 4434: 4417: 4390: 4374: 4360:(in Italian). 4346: 4330: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4299: 4289:(3): 159–165. 4278: 4264: 4250: 4237: 4231: 4213: 4202: 4189: 4158: 4143: 4137: 4122: 4109: 4096: 4089: 4079:Finlay, George 4075: 4037: 4031: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4005: 4001:Chasiotis 1975 3993: 3978: 3976:, p. 234. 3966: 3949: 3947:, p. 233. 3937: 3935:, p. 232. 3925: 3921:Chasiotis 1975 3906: 3894: 3882: 3870: 3851: 3849:, p. 329. 3839: 3835:Chasiotis 1975 3824: 3801: 3797:Chasiotis 1975 3786: 3784:, p. 193. 3774: 3762: 3758:Chasiotis 1975 3750: 3748:, p. 192. 3738: 3736:, p. 174. 3726: 3714: 3695: 3683: 3671: 3659: 3644: 3642:, p. 191. 3632: 3620: 3616:Chasiotis 1975 3601: 3597:Chasiotis 1975 3589: 3587:, p. 189. 3577: 3573:Chasiotis 1975 3562: 3550: 3546:Chasiotis 1975 3538: 3526: 3522:Chasiotis 1975 3514: 3510:Chasiotis 1975 3502: 3490: 3486:Chasiotis 1975 3475: 3473:, p. 183. 3463: 3459:Chasiotis 1975 3451: 3439: 3435:Chasiotis 1975 3427: 3415: 3403: 3399:Chasiotis 1975 3384: 3380:Chasiotis 1975 3372: 3370:, p. 179. 3357: 3345: 3333: 3331:, p. 177. 3321: 3309: 3305:Chasiotis 1975 3297: 3293:Chasiotis 1975 3276: 3264: 3260:Chasiotis 1975 3252: 3250:, p. 175. 3240: 3236:Chasiotis 1975 3228: 3216: 3212:Chasiotis 1975 3201: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3129: 3117: 3105: 3103:, p. 258. 3090: 3075: 3073:, p. 276. 3060: 3048: 3046:, p. 174. 3033: 3031:, p. 172. 3021: 3019:, p. 160. 3006: 3002:Chasiotis 1975 2983: 2981:, p. 159. 2971: 2969:, p. 272. 2959: 2955:Chasiotis 1975 2947: 2943:Chasiotis 1975 2935: 2933:, p. 271. 2923: 2919:Chasiotis 1975 2911: 2907:Chasiotis 1975 2899: 2895:Chasiotis 1975 2887: 2883:Chasiotis 1975 2874: 2872: 2869: 2849:Regno di Morea 2823:Venetian four- 2816: 2813: 2801:Andros in 1696 2797:Lesbos in 1690 2792: 2789: 2756: 2753: 2743: 2740: 2683: 2680: 2581:Bajo Pivljanin 2569:Rufim Boljević 2547: 2544: 2517:in the Morea. 2461: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2325:Main article: 2322: 2319: 2296:Euripus Strait 2254:Doge of Venice 2241: 2238: 2124: 2121: 2029: 2026: 1975:Central Greece 1878:Messenian Gulf 1864: 1861: 1797:Mani peninsula 1747:, depicted by 1745:Siege of Coron 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1522:Ionian Islands 1519:Venetian-ruled 1503:Duchy of Savoy 1437:Barbary states 1352: 1349: 1295:Doge of Venice 1285:was formed at 1162:Fourth Crusade 1138: 1135: 1091:Ottoman Empire 1060: 1059: 1057: 1056: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1032:Azov campaigns 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 997: 992: 987: 982: 966: 961: 955: 954: 953:Eastern Europe 950: 949: 944: 939: 934: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 756: 755: 751: 750: 745: 740: 738:Székesfehérvár 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 669: 668: 667:Central Europe 664: 661: 660: 649: 648: 641: 634: 626: 617: 616: 614: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 567: 564: 563: 552: 551: 544: 537: 529: 521: 520: 445: 412:Bajo Pivljanin 338: 337: 333: 332: 331: 330: 318: 313: 301:Ottoman Empire 290: 207:Duchy of Savoy 148: 147: 143: 142: 139: 138: 131: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 105:Central Greece 95: 93: 89: 88: 83: 75: 74: 44: 43: 31: 30: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4566: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4437: 4435:9788883343346 4431: 4427: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4232:0-87169-192-2 4228: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4107:(in Bosnian). 4106: 4105:www.rastko.rs 4102: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4066:on 2011-05-19 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4014: 4002: 3997: 3991:, p. 91. 3990: 3985: 3983: 3975: 3970: 3962: 3961: 3953: 3946: 3941: 3934: 3929: 3923:, p. 34. 3922: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3903: 3898: 3891: 3886: 3879: 3874: 3866: 3860: 3855: 3848: 3843: 3837:, p. 32. 3836: 3831: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3808: 3806: 3799:, p. 31. 3798: 3793: 3791: 3783: 3778: 3771: 3766: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3742: 3735: 3730: 3724:, p. 53. 3723: 3718: 3712:, p. 52. 3711: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3692: 3687: 3681:, p. 51. 3680: 3675: 3668: 3663: 3657:, p. 50. 3656: 3651: 3649: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3624: 3618:, p. 30. 3617: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3598: 3593: 3586: 3581: 3575:, p. 29. 3574: 3569: 3567: 3559: 3554: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3523: 3518: 3512:, p. 27. 3511: 3506: 3499: 3494: 3488:, p. 26. 3487: 3482: 3480: 3472: 3467: 3460: 3455: 3448: 3443: 3436: 3431: 3424: 3419: 3412: 3407: 3401:, p. 24. 3400: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3381: 3376: 3369: 3364: 3362: 3354: 3349: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3295:, p. 23. 3294: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3273: 3268: 3262:, p. 22. 3261: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3237: 3232: 3225: 3220: 3214:, p. 20. 3213: 3208: 3206: 3198: 3197:Pinzelli 2003 3193: 3187:, p. 87. 3186: 3185:Pinzelli 2003 3181: 3174: 3173:Pinzelli 2003 3169: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3149:Pinzelli 2003 3145: 3138: 3133: 3126: 3125:Pinzelli 2003 3121: 3115:, p. 83. 3114: 3113:Pinzelli 2003 3109: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3088:, p. 84. 3087: 3086:Pinzelli 2003 3082: 3080: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3057: 3052: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3030: 3025: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3004:, p. 19. 3003: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2980: 2975: 2968: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2944: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2920: 2915: 2908: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2826: 2821: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2788: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2763: 2752: 2749: 2739: 2736: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2716:Argyrokastron 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2688: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2593:Boka Kotorska 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2570: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2502:no man's land 2499: 2495: 2490: 2489:and Vonitsa. 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2457: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2333: 2328: 2318: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2278: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2246: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2134: 2129: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2098:victory title 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2051:Patras Castle 2047: 2043: 2034: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1834:Pavlos Makris 1830: 1828: 1824: 1823:Kapudan Pasha 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1761: 1756: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1703:to the river 1702: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1614: 1610: 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389: 383: 378: 372: 367: 361: 356: 350: 345: 340: 339: 334: 329: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 308: 307: 306: 302: 297: 291: 289: 277: 273: 266: 254: 242: 231: 220: 208: 196: 191: 185: 173: 161: 150: 149: 144: 136: 132: 127: 126: 122: 119: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 91: 90: 84: 81: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 55:Georg Hautsch 50: 45: 42: 37: 32: 27: 19: 4460: 4444: 4425: 4421: 4398: 4394: 4383:. 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Retrieved 4064:the original 4045: 4022: 4018: 3996: 3989:McGowan 2010 3969: 3959: 3952: 3940: 3928: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3854: 3842: 3817: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3741: 3729: 3717: 3691:Čoralić 2001 3686: 3674: 3662: 3635: 3623: 3592: 3580: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3517: 3505: 3493: 3466: 3454: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 3375: 3348: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3300: 3267: 3255: 3243: 3231: 3219: 3192: 3180: 3168: 3156: 3144: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3051: 3024: 3017:Topping 1976 2979:Topping 1976 2974: 2962: 2950: 2938: 2926: 2914: 2902: 2897:, p. 9. 2890: 2878: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2830: 2794: 2785: 2762:Antonio Zeno 2758: 2745: 2734: 2732: 2697: 2672:Bjelopavlići 2649: 2617: 2565: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2491: 2463: 2454: 2437:Popovo polje 2390: 2338: 2315: 2303: 9,000 2288: 2251: 2230:Piraeus Lion 2193: 2138: 2118: 2101: 2075: 2039: 1986:Saronic Gulf 1983: 1953: 1939: 1918: 1896:, where the 1891: 1874: 1857: 1831: 1808: 1765: 1709: 1617: 1575: 1507:Papal States 1470:, was named 1461: 1445: 1413:Ottoman navy 1409:Lord Chandos 1402: 1376:. While the 1374:Adriatic Sea 1370: 1361: 1354: 1308:in 1688 and 1279:Jan Sobieski 1260: 1233: 1202: 1155: 1078: 1066: 1064: 929: 890:Petrovaradin 885:3rd Belgrade 875:2nd Belgrade 815:1st Belgrade 605: 576:Thessalonica 496:Mahmud Pasha 487:Ismail Pasha 417: 398: 304: 292: 275: 219:Papal States 146:Belligerents 34:Part of the 3974:Finlay 1877 3945:Finlay 1877 3933:Finlay 1877 3782:Finlay 1877 3770:Finlay 1877 3746:Finlay 1877 3640:Finlay 1877 3628:Finlay 1877 3585:Finlay 1877 3558:Finlay 1877 3534:Finlay 1877 3498:Finlay 1877 3471:Finlay 1877 3447:Finlay 1877 3423:Finlay 1877 3411:Finlay 1877 3368:Finlay 1877 3353:Finlay 1877 3341:Finlay 1877 3329:Finlay 1877 3317:Finlay 1877 3272:Finlay 1877 3248:Finlay 1877 3224:Setton 1991 3071:Setton 1991 3056:Setton 1991 3044:Finlay 1877 3029:Finlay 1877 2967:Setton 1991 2931:Setton 1991 2765: [ 2556:Herceg Novi 2531:Greek lands 2475:Missolonghi 2439:as well as 2369:Castelnuovo 2294:across the 2277:Suleiman II 2082:Acrocorinth 2022:Württemberg 1990:Dardanelles 1950:Akronauplia 1853:Marathonisi 1688:Peloponnese 1684:Igoumenitsa 1640:Missolonghi 1567:Santa Maura 1453:Herceg Novi 1421:Paul Rycaut 1283:Holy League 1261:In 1683, a 1242:, and then 1210:Janissaries 1150: 1670 1107:Peloponnese 1050: [ 1003: [ 972: [ 905:Zeytinburnu 765:Santa Maura 506:Mezzo Morto 466:Suleiman II 253:Montenegrin 128:Territorial 99:, southern 97:Peloponnese 4504:Morean War 4473:Categories 4428:. Viella. 4385:2008-06-11 4326:1015099422 4184:2012-07-07 4070:2012-07-06 4010:References 3902:Stanojević 3722:Nazor 2002 3710:Nazor 2002 3679:Nazor 2002 3667:Nazor 2002 3655:Nazor 2002 3161:Paton 1940 2777:Asia Minor 2704:Montenegro 2291:laid siege 2094:Monemvasia 2078:Chlemoutsi 1927:Kyparissia 1906:Alexandria 1720:Dragamesto 1632:Cephalonia 1494:patricians 1457:Montenegro 1386:men-of-war 1382:galleasses 1160:after the 1137:Background 1099:Aegean Sea 1067:Morean war 969:Studenitsa 947:Samothrace 825:Kostajnica 820:Negroponte 770:Vrtijeljka 760:Virovitica 713:Érsekújvár 255:volunteers 172:Dalmatians 113:Montenegro 109:Aegean Sea 29:Morean War 18:Korean War 4455:(1973). 4426:1645–1718 4407:cite book 4370:1724-7446 4179:0351-9767 4060:1331-0992 2871:Citations 2815:Aftermath 2807:, and at 2498:Loidoriki 2494:Karpenisi 2407:, namely 2266:Mehmed IV 2214:Corinthia 2200:Arvanites 2173:Parthenon 2169:Propylaea 2067:Naupaktos 1979:Karytaina 1656:armatoloi 1620:Acarnania 1441:galeasses 1425:Moldavian 1384:, thirty 1347:in 1699. 1291:Leopold I 1178:Negropont 1119:Habsburgs 1000:Novoselka 900:Oinousses 880:Slankamen 743:Szigetvár 571:Gallipoli 455:Mehmed IV 59:Nuremberg 4314:(1952). 4270:(1958). 4219:(1991). 4081:(1877). 3815:(1961). 2861:Patrasso 2857:Malvasia 2825:zecchino 2748:galleons 2735:serasker 2660:garrison 2605:Kelmendi 2511:serasker 2487:Aitoliko 2483:Xiromero 2445:Sutorina 2433:Metković 2421:Trebinje 2417:Zažablje 2361:Morlachs 2349:Zadvarje 2311:Karystos 2226:pediment 2218:Poseidon 2205:Munychia 2063:Antirrio 1971:Vostitsa 1954:serasker 1946:Palamidi 1919:serasker 1902:aqueduct 1827:Kalamata 1803:serasker 1791:serasker 1781:Passavas 1724:galleots 1716:Hannover 1705:Acheloos 1668:Xiromero 1654:and the 1636:Aitoliko 1544:, under 1509:and the 1490:Dalmatia 1362:revanche 1306:Belgrade 1303:captured 1214:Murad IV 1206:timariot 1198:Kalamata 1166:Ottomans 1131:reversed 1095:Dalmatia 1089:and the 1047:Martynów 1042:Podhajce 1027:Ustechko 995:Kamenets 985:Moldavia 959:Chițcani 942:Sarajevo 860:Mytilene 830:Batočina 810:Derventa 785:Navarino 780:Kalamata 723:2nd Buda 698:1st Buda 688:Visegrád 477:Ahmed II 272:Morlachs 184:Istrians 92:Location 39:and the 4196:Istoria 3890:Malbaša 3859:Monitor 2845:Italian 2700:Albania 2620:Njeguši 2585:Cetinje 2540:Brescia 2507:Amfissa 2397:Imotski 2393:Vrgorac 2357:Srijane 2210:Argolis 2149:Eleusis 2145:Chalkis 2090:Mystras 2006:Salamis 1994:Piraeus 1967:Tenedos 1963:Corinth 1923:Methoni 1915:Tripoli 1819:Lepanto 1785:Laconia 1773:Zarnata 1690:, near 1680:Vonitsa 1676:Preveza 1648:Himarra 1646:, from 1609:Preveza 1590:Albania 1586:Chalkis 1578:Lefkada 1534:Tuscany 1515:Tuscany 1427:prince 1394:sequins 1390:galleys 1339:at the 1329:capture 1267:Austria 1263:new war 1256:Dnieper 1240:Podolia 1194:Maniots 1113:in the 1097:to the 1071:Italian 1012:Zernest 990:Crimean 870:2nd Niš 855:Kačanik 835:1st Niš 795:Nauplia 754:Balkans 748:Kanizsa 703:Eperjes 678:Párkány 611:Seventh 418:† 399:† 130:changes 4432: 4368: 4324: 4295:986555 4293: 4229: 4177: 4135: 4058: 4029: 2837:Aigina 2720:Himara 2712:Kanina 2708:Valona 2668:Piperi 2589:Grbalj 2479:Valtos 2429:Klobuk 2425:Popovo 2413:Gabela 2409:Čitluk 2401:Mostar 2307:Euboea 2196:Attica 2177:Smyrna 2141:Thebes 2110:ducats 2071:Thebes 2057:(the " 2042:Patras 2012:, and 2010:Aegina 2002:reales 1839:sipahi 1813:) and 1811:Koroni 1779:, and 1777:Kelefa 1712:Saxony 1696:castle 1692:Patras 1664:Valtos 1660:Agrafa 1644:Epirus 1536:under 1505:, the 1501:, the 1358:Senate 1271:Vienna 1174:Euboea 1170:Cyprus 1017:Oradea 920:Olasch 910:Andros 865:Kanina 845:Skopje 800:Patras 733:Mohács 673:Vienna 586:Second 414: 395: 285: 269: 243:rebels 216: 204: 157: 135:Venice 120:Result 101:Epirus 4459:[ 4397:[ 4354:(PDF) 4338:(PDF) 4291:JSTOR 4152:[ 4021:[ 3878:Komar 2799:, at 2773:Chios 2769:] 2724:Souli 2652:Kotor 2641:Medun 2613:Budva 2560:Kotor 2365:siege 2353:Dolac 2018:Hesse 2014:Hydra 1958:Argos 1894:Pylos 1652:Souli 1611:, by 1569:, by 1526:Corfu 1405:Porte 1317:Vidin 1244:tried 1186:Crete 1111:Crete 1103:Morea 1054:] 1037:Lugos 1022:Hodów 1007:] 980:] 937:Zenta 925:Bihać 915:Cenei 895:Chios 840:Vidin 790:Modon 775:Coron 718:Kassa 591:Third 581:First 241:Greek 4430:ISBN 4413:link 4366:ISSN 4322:OCLC 4227:ISBN 4175:ISSN 4133:ISBN 4056:ISSN 4047:Kolo 4027:ISBN 3865:help 2831:The 2728:Arta 2702:and 2690:The 2670:and 2624:Hvar 2603:and 2601:Kuči 2591:and 2536:Arta 2481:and 2443:and 2441:Klek 2431:and 2399:and 2373:Knin 2355:and 2341:Sinj 2222:Nike 2157:Pnyx 1942:Tolo 1876:the 1758:The 1743:The 1714:and 1678:and 1666:and 1650:and 1638:and 1626:and 1419:and 1333:Azov 1315:and 1287:Linz 1172:and 1065:The 964:Reni 850:Štip 728:Pécs 265:Mani 82:Date 4287:120 2843:" ( 2583:to 2470:Bey 2367:of 2055:Rio 1513:of 1488:in 1482:as 1455:in 1331:of 1313:Niš 1227:of 1182:war 693:Vác 57:in 4475:: 4409:}} 4405:{{ 4364:. 4356:. 4285:. 4244:. 4171:21 4165:. 4116:. 4103:. 4054:. 4044:. 3981:^ 3909:^ 3827:^ 3804:^ 3789:^ 3698:^ 3647:^ 3604:^ 3565:^ 3478:^ 3387:^ 3360:^ 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