Mount Adams (Washington)

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their quarrel. He decreed that the female mountain should remain in the cave forever and the Bridge of the Gods was to be a covenant of peace between the mountains that he would cause to fall if they ever resumed their quarrel. He also placed an ugly old woman, known as Loo-wit, as a mountain to guard the bridge and remind the brothers that beauty is never permanent. After many years, the signs of the great battle and the evidence of the inland sea had disappeared and there was happiness and contentment over the earth. The female mountain wished to come out of her cave and grew very lonely. To ease her loneliness, Soclai sent the Bats, a tribe of beautiful birds, to be her companions. Yi-east eventually learned that the Bats were her guardians and carried out secret communication with the female mountain through them. He befriended Loo-wit and crossed the bridge at night to meet with the female mountain. One night, he stayed too long and had to hurry to get back to his proper place. He caused the ground to shake so much in his haste that a large rock fell and blocked the entrance to the cave. When Soclai found this, he was furious with the Bats and punished them by turning them into bats that are seen today. He allowed the female mountain to remain out of the cave on her promise to be good, but would not allow her and Yi-east to be married, fearing the inevitable quarrel that might start again. He did promise to look for a mate for Pa-toe, hoping this would initiate a lasting peace. However, because of his many duties, he forgot this promise, and the two mountains were only held in check by his threats. Eventually, when Soclai was in another part of the world, they resumed their quarrel and created chaos again. Their violence broke the Bridge of the Gods and destroyed the landscape again. Loo-wit, in her attempts to stop the two brothers, was badly burned and scarred; and when the bridge collapsed, she fell with it. Finally, Pa-toe won the battle and Yi-east admitted defeat. Soclai returned from where he had been, but he was too late to avert the disaster. He found Loo-wit and because she had been faithful in her guardianship, he rewarded her by giving her her greatest desire, youth, and beauty. Having received this gift, she moved to the west side of the Cascades and remains there to this day as

915:. The Rusk Glacier does not start from the summit ice cap but starts at 10,500 feet (3,200 m) below the Roosevelt Cliff and is fed by avalanching snow and ice from the summit cap. It is enclosed on the south by Battlement Ridge and Victory Ridge on the north and terminates at about 7,100 feet (2,160 m). It is the source of Rusk Creek, which flows over two waterfalls before joining the Big Muddy on its way to the Klickitat. The Wilson Glacier, like the Rusk Glacier, starts below the Roosevelt Cliff and is fed by avalanching snow and ice; however, the Wilson Glacier starts slightly higher at about 10,800 feet (3,290 m). It is also fed by an arm of the Lyman Glacier as it flows down from the summit ice cap. The Wilson Glacier terminates at 7,500 feet (2,290 m) where it is the source of Little Muddy Creek, another tributary of the Klickitat. 2905:

moved to the base of the mountain and in 1918, Dan Lewis packed the building materials and lumber to the lower portion of Suksdorf Ridge. The following summer was spent hauling the building materials to the top. The four men assigned the job, Arthur "Art" Jones, Adolph Schmid, Julius Wang, and Jessie Robbins, had a difficult task ahead of them until they engineered a way to quickly and, for the most part, safely bring the building materials up the slope using a deadman/rope technique. Construction of the standard D-6 building with a ¼ second story cupola began in the summer of 1920 and was completed a year later by Art, Adolph, James Huffman and Joe Guler. It was manned as a lookout during the last year of its construction through 1924. After which it was abandoned because of the difficulties of operating a

2280:" as a way for the tribes to meet with one another easily. A "witch-woman," whose name was Loowit, lived on the bridge and had control of the only fire in the world. She wanted to give the tribes fire to improve their condition and Saghalie consented. He was so pleased with Loowit's faithfulness that he offered Loowit whatever she wanted. She asked for youth and beauty and Saghalie granted her wish. Suitors came from near and far until finally she could not decide between Klickitat and Wiyeast. Klickitat and Wiyeast went to war over the matter until finally Sahalie decided to punish them for creating such chaos. He broke the Bridge of the Gods and put the three lovers to death. However, to honor their beauty, he raised up three mountains: Wiyeast (Hood), Klickitat (Adams), and Loowit (St. Helens). 903:, they carved out two immense canyons: the Hellroaring Canyon and the Avalanche Valley. This created the Ridge of Wonders between the two. Of the four glaciers on the east side, the Mazama Glacier is the farthest south and begins between the Suksdorf Ridge and Ridge of Wonders at about 10,500 feet (3,200 m). Near its terminus, it straddles the Ridge of Wonders and a small portion feeds into the Klickitat Glacier. The glacier gains more area from additional glacier ice that collects from drifting snow and avalanches below the Suksdorf Ridge as the ridge turns south. The Mazama Glacier terminates at about 8,000 feet (2,440 m) and is the source of Hellroaring Creek, which flows over several waterfalls before it joins Big Muddy Creek. 2725: 2194: 1005: 4043: 3048: 1528: 876: 179: 2614: 3870: 1258: 413: 3568: 186: 2009: 497: 4357: 822: 1199: 759: 2985: 681: 682: 2869:, the Gotchen Creek Guard Station just south of the A. G. Aiken Lava Bed. Built in 1909, it served as the administrative headquarters of the Mount Adams District until 1916. It was built along a major grazing trail to allow for easy monitoring of the thousands of sheep grazed on the lower slopes. Later, in the 1940s, as the amount of grazing decreased, the station housed the Forest Guards responsible for the area. It has been wrapped in protective foil as a precautionary method to shield it from a large 2124: 2827: 3083:, the coldest month is January with an average high of 36 °F (2 °C) and an average low of 22 °F (−6 °C). July is the hottest month with an average high of 83 °F (28 °C) and an average low of 48 °F (9 °C). The highest recorded temperature is 108 °F (42 °C) in 1939 and the lowest is −26 °F (−32 °C) in 1930. Average annual precipitation is 43.7 inches (1,110 mm) with January being the wettest month with 8.2 inches (210 mm). In 9316: 3087:, the coldest month is December with an average high of 37 °F (3 °C) and an average low of 23 °F (−5 °C). August is the hottest month with an average high of 81 °F (27 °C) and an average low of 42 °F (6 °C). The highest recorded temperature is 101 °F (38 °C) in 1994 and the lowest is −27 °F (−33 °C) in 1983. Average annual precipitation is 29.9 inches (760 mm) with December being the wettest month with 6 inches (150 mm). 2325: 849:, it does begin very high on the mountain at about 11,600 feet (3,540 m). In the early 20th century, a portion of it descended from the summit ice cap, but volume loss has separated it. Some of its glacial ice feeds the Avalanche Glacier below it to the southwest while the rest tumbles over some large cliffs to its diminutive lower section to the west. The White Salmon and Avalanche Glaciers feed the many streams of the Salt Creek and Cascade Creek drainages, which flow into the 1977: 964: 1380: 11087: 11073: 2972:. Although sulfur was found, the amount of the ore that was able to be mined in a season was only enough to make up the cost of getting it off the mountain and was not enough to be competitive. Part of this stemmed from Dean's desire that if operations were expanded, an ore as well as passenger transport system was needed, and his desire that Adams not be significantly scarred by the operation. The project was fully abandoned in 1959. Adams is the only large 12297: 2070: 1076: 4371: 2877: 42: 2312:

brawl. Ignoring Koyoda's calls for peace, they belched forth smoke and ash and threw hot rocks at each other. Sometime later, they paused for a rest and discovered the catastrophe they had caused. The forests and meadows had been burnt to the ground and many animals and other living things had been killed. The earth had been shaken so severely that a hole had been created in the mountains and the sea had drained away and the

2755:, Victory Ridge, and the Roosevelt Cliff. It was on this trip that Rusk decided that the Castle held the easiest route up. In 1921, 67 years after the first ascent of Adams, a group from the Cascadians mountaineering club, led by Rusk, completed the first ascent of the precipitous east face of the mountain. Their route took them up the Rusk Glacier, onto Battlement Ridge, up and over The Castle, and across the vast, heavily 3060:

April. Records from Council Pass and Divide Meadow also show depth increasing throughout the winter, peaking in April. These two stations average a greater amount of snow than Potato Hill, with an average of 102 inches (260 cm) at Council Pass and 141 inches (360 cm) at Divide Meadow by April. Divide Meadow generally receives the most snow, with a record depth of 222 inches (560 cm) in 1972. The

2024:, many of the trails are geared toward leisurely walks and are located in the Bird Creek Meadows area. There are many loop trails at Bird Creek Meadows, including the Trail of the Flowers #106 in the main picnic area. Trails travel through meadows and past cold mountain streams and waterfalls, including Crooked Creek Falls. Hikers can access the Hellroaring Overlook, where they can view Hellroaring Meadows, a 2173:. The Mount Adams Recreation Highway (FR 80) is plowed all the way to Pineside and Snow King Sno-parks at about 3,000 feet (910 m) elevation for most of the year, as long as there is enough money in the Forest Service's winter budget. Smith Butte Sno-park, at about 4,000 feet (1,200 m), is accessible in low-snow years. Most of the time, the road is not plowed all the way to Smith Butte. The 1250:. Because the primary products were andesite, the eruptions that occur on Adams tend to have a low to moderate explosiveness and present less of a hazard than the violent eruptions of St. Helens and some of the other Cascade volcanoes. However, since the interior of the main cone is little more than a pile of fragmented lava and hydrothermally altered rock, there is a potential for very large 8416: 3079:

highest recorded temperature is 95 °F (35 °C) on June 29, 2021, and the lowest is −16 °F (−27 °C) on November 24, 2010. Average annual precipitation is 66.8 inches (1,700 mm) with January being the wettest month at 10.3 inches (26 cm), slightly more than November and December. Potato Hill averages 159 precipitation days with 53 snow days. In

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a diamond tipped drilling machine, but, being a heavy machine, it could not be carried up the newly completed horse and mule trail like other supplies. So it winched itself up the mountain using a series of deadman anchors. One hundred sixty-eight pack string trips led by John Perry were made over the course of the mining activities. The crew stayed in the abandoned

3044:; and since the Potato Hill station was upgraded to report daily snow depth in 2006, there has been an average of 217 inches (550 cm) of snow every year. Also since 2006, the most snow to fall in a day was 33 inches (84 cm) (May 19, 2021), in a month, 92 inches (230 cm) (Dec 2007), and in a year, 288 inches (730 cm) (2012). 2803:

wife assumed they were underground and began digging for them. In the process, she dug out the many caves in the area. Eventually, she reached the place where they were and the man allowed her to kill the "mouse-wife" to save his own life. Her blood colored the rocks of the lake red and the place was known as Hool-hool-se, which is from the

2360:) to confront Pahto. Wyeast initially tried being nice, but Pahto would have none of it. So Wyeast hit her head and knocked it off, creating Devils Garden. Wyeast then shared what Pahto had taken with the rest of the mountains. After this, Pahto became mean and she would send thunderstorms, heavy rain, and snow to the valleys below. The 482:, with minor activity beginning 900,000 years ago and major cone building activity beginning 520,000 years ago. The whole mountain has been completely eroded by glaciers to an elevation of 8,200 feet (2,500 m) twice during its lifetime. The current cone was built during the most recent major eruptive period 40,000–10,000 years ago. 3029:

again in 2006 to report snow depth. The Council Pass station was monitored monthly from 1956 to 1978 and the Divide Meadow station was monitored monthly from 1962 to 1978. Divide Meadow was the most representative of the snow depth on the west side of Adams because it was the highest station on the flanks of the mountain.

2610:. This was the first recorded circuit of Adams by a woman and likely the first recorded circuit by anyone. While they were on the east side, they named Avalanche Valley. Later, in 1897, after they had completed an ascent of Adams, they went to the Ridge of Wonders and his mother, awestruck by the scene, named it as such. 2321:. Since Pa-toe won the battle, the female mountain belonged to him. She was heartbroken but took her place at his side. She soon fell at his feet and into a deep sleep from which she never awoke. She is now known as Sleeping Beauty. Pa-toe became so sad that he caused her deep sleep, he lowered his own head in remorse. 2240:). When La-wa-la-clough chose Pahto, Wy'east struck his brother hard so that Pahto's head was flattened and Wy'east took La-wa-la-clough from him (thus attempting to explain Adams' squat appearance). Other versions of the story state that losing La-wa-la-clough caused Pahto such grief that he dropped his head in shame. 1992:. On the south, the Shorthorn Trail #16 leaves from near the Morrison Creek Campground, and the South Climb Trail #183 starts at Cold Springs Trailhead/Campground and heads up the South Spur, the most popular climbing route to the summit. On the west side, there are three trails going up: the Stagman Ridge Trail #12, 3078:

influence than some of its neighbors. At Potato Hill, December is the coldest month with an average high of 45 °F (7 °C) and an average low of 6 °F (−14 °C). July is the hottest month with an average high of 84 °F (29 °C) and an average low of 33 °F (1 °C). The

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on Adams' 210-acre (85.0 ha) summit plateau. Beginning in 1932, the first assessment work was done. The initial test pits were dug by hand, but this proved to be dangerous work and an alternative was needed to drill through the up to 210 feet (64 m) thick ice cap more safely. The answer was

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Soclai Tyee. For many years, peace prevailed over the land. Then a beautiful female mountain moved to the valley between Pa-toe and Yi-east. She fell in love with Yi-east, but liked to flirt with Pa-toe. This caused the two mountains to quarrel with each other and it quickly escalated into an all-out

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regarding the formation of the caves, involves a man and his wife who were of gigantic stature. The man left his wife and married a mouse, which became a woman. His wife was furious and because she threatened to kill the man and the "mouse-wife," they hid farther up the mountain at a lake. The man's

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coyote god, came along one day and they implored him to do something. Speelyi transformed himself into a feather and waited. It did not take long for Enumtla to see the feather and investigate. Being suspicious, he thundered at the feather with no effect. He paused and suddenly the magic feather let

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One such trail is the unofficially named "Round the Mountain Trail" that encircles Mount Adams and is approximately 35 miles (56 km) long. It is called the "Round the Mountain Trail" unofficially because it is made up of three different named trails and an area where there is no trail. The 8–10

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There are 25 main routes to the summit with alternates of those main routes. They range in difficulty from the relatively easy non-technical South Spur (South Climb) route to the extremely challenging and dangerous Victory Ridge, Rusk Glacier Headwall, and Wilson Glacier Headwall routes up Roosevelt

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The present eruptive cone above 7,000 feet (2,100 m) was constructed sometime between 40,000 to 10,000 years ago. Since that time the volcano has erupted at least ten times, generally from above 6,500 feet (2,000 m). One of the more recent flows issued from South Butte and created the

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Several relatively young obvious lava flows exist in the area around Adams. Most of these flows are on the north side of the mountain and include the flow in the Mutton Creek area, Devils Garden, the Takh Takh Meadows Flow, and the much larger Muddy Fork Lava Flow to the north of Devils Garden. Only

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on Adams cover a number of years but are discontinuous and are limited to the northwest side. The Potato Hill station was monitored monthly from 1950 to 1976 and was replaced in 1982 with the automated precipitation sensor. It was upgraded in 1983 to report snow water equivalent and it was upgraded

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existed until Professor William Denison Lyman and Horace S. Lyman published descriptions of three of its glaciers and various other features of the southern flanks of the mountain in 1886. The White Salmon/Avalanche, Mazama, and Klickitat Glaciers were those described. They also postulated Adams to

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For winter recreation, there are a number of Washington state sno-parks on the south side that are popular with snowmobilers and cross-country skiers. There are three sno-parks on Mount Adams south slope: Snow King, Pineside, and Smith Butte Sno-parks. The south side of the mountain, especially the

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again as it heads down the mountain to the north. These trails accessing the "Round the Mountain Trail" generally gain between 1,500 feet (460 m) and 3,000 feet (910 m) in between 3 miles (4.8 km) and 6 miles (9.7 km). Trails are mostly snow-covered from early winter until early

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ash on it, meaning it is at least that old. Of a similar age are the Takh Takh Meadows and Muddy Fork lava flows. The lowest vent to erupt since the main cone was constructed is Smith Butte on the south slope of Adams. The last lava known to have erupted from Adams is an approximately 1000-year-old

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heading almost due north. The Northwest Ridge and West Ridge descend from the Pinnacle, to the northwest and west, respectively. Stagman Ridge descends west-southwest from a point about halfway up the west side and turns more southwest at about 6,000 feet (1,830 m). South of Stagman Ridge lies

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To the south, the White Salmon River has its source on the lower flanks of the west side of Adams and gains additional flows from streams along the southwest side of the mountain. Streams on the east side all flow to the Klickitat River. Streams on all sides, at some point in their courses, provide

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and listed 480 species. Suksdorf had taken it upon himself to catalogue as many species around Adams as he could and the list was the result of his extraordinary collection efforts. This was the most complete list for over a century and has finally been updated by David Beik and Susan McDougall to

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changed strategies from a few lookouts very high up to many lookouts on lower peaks. They placed many lookouts around Adams including one on the southwest slopes of Adams at Madcat Meadows, one on Goat Butte, one on Council Bluff above Council Lake, and many other places farther from the mountain.

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that high and because lower level clouds, smoke, and haze frequently and effectively blocked the view of the lower elevations. Arthur Jones was likely the one person most involved in the project, spending five seasons on the mountain. Others who worked on the project or staffed the lookout include

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and they measured Adams as having an elevation of 12,470 feet (3,800 m). The USGS further refined their measurement sometime in late 1909 or early 1910 to 12,307 feet (3,751 m) and again in 1970 to 12,276 feet (3,742 m) for the release of the Mount Adams East 1:24000 quadrangle. The

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was formed. The female mountain had hid herself in a cave during the battle and because they could no longer find her, they were about to resume fighting. However, while they had been fighting, Koyoda went to Soclai and told him what was happening. Soclai arrived in time to stop them from resuming

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Several long trails pass through the Morrison Creek area on the south side of the mountain. The Snipes Mountain Trail #11 follows the eastern edge of the A.G. Aiken Lava Bed from the lower end for 6 miles (9.7 km) to the Round the Mountain Trail. The Cold Springs Trail #72 follows the western

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Each year, thousands of outdoor enthusiasts attempt to summit Mount Adams. The false summits and broad summit plateau have disheartened many climbers as this inscription on a rock at Piker's Peak indicates. "You are a piker if you think this is the summit. Don't crab, the mountain was here first."

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The total glacier area on Mount Adams decreased 49%, from 12.2 square miles (31.5 km) to 6.3 square miles (16.2 km), between 1904 and 2006, with the greatest loss occurring before 1949. Since 1949, the total glacier area has been relatively stable with a small amount of decline since the

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By April, there is, on average, 87 inches (220 cm) of snow on the ground at Potato Hill. The average monthly snow depth at Potato Hill has not changed much from the records collected from 1950 to 1976, with only a small decrease in January, February, and May and a small increase in March and

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Three prominent ridges descend from the east side of the mountain. The Ridge of Wonders is farthest south and ends at an area away from the mountain called The Island. Battlement Ridge is very rugged and descends from high on the mountain. The farthest ridge north on the east side, Victory Ridge,

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The idea was to situate lookouts far above all low-lying hills and mountains to give the lookouts an immense area for observation without obstructions. Being at 12,281 feet (3,743 m), the new lookout would also be the third highest in the world and still is. In 1917, building materials were

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name north of Mount Hood and about 40 miles (64 km) east of Mount St. Helens. By what would seem sheer coincidence, there was in fact a large mountain there to receive the name. Since the mountain had no official name at the time, Kelley's name stuck even though the rest of his plan failed.

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on top of the Ridge of Wonders, rises from the northeast end of Hellroaring Meadow and the Hellroaring Creek valley. A trail used to ascend from Bench Lake at the bottom of the canyon to the east base of the peak, but this trail has recently been abandoned. To reach the top, hikers must traverse

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and stands 800 feet (240 m) above its lava plain. Lavas from its base flowed into the Cispus Valley where they were later modified by glaciers. At the 7,500 feet (2,290 m) level on Adams' south flank is South Butte. The lavas associated with this structure are all younger than Suksdorf

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in 1963. The first occurred at the end of August and consisted of mainly snow and ice with some rock. It fell from a similar location and in a similar path to the slide of 1921. The second slide that year occurred in late October and originated high on Battlement Ridge just below The Castle. It

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on Adams in historic time. The slide fell about 1 mile (1.6 km) and its debris covered about 1 square mile (2.6 km) of the upper Salt Creek area. Steam vents were reported active at the slide source for three years, leading to speculation that the event was started with a small steam

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was added to the cabin. Another smaller lean-to was added later. The conditions and weather above 12,000 feet (3,700 m) could be incredibly variable with the highest temperature of 110 °F (43 °C) recorded 12 hours before the lowest temperature of −48 °F (−44 °C). This

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became the cheaper method to spot fires. Almost all of these lookouts have since been abandoned and most have been removed or left to disintegrate. One, Burley Mountain, is staffed every summer and another, Red Mountain, was restored in 2010 and decisions regarding its future are pending. Two

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about 90% of the mountain was glaciated. Mount Adams has 209 perennial snow and ice features and 12 officially named glaciers. The total ice-covered area makes up 9.3 square miles (24 km), while the area of named glaciers is 7.7 sq mi (20 km). Most of the largest remaining

1052:, has an ice section that is 120 feet (37 m) long and 20–30 feet (6.1–9.1 m) in diameter and noted for its ice formations. From the same entrance, the tube continues another 500 feet (150 m) to the west. Deadhorse Cave is a massive network of lava tubes. It is the most complex 2763:. One of the party, Edgar E. Coursen, said that the route was "thrilling to the point of extreme danger." Others in the party were Wayne E. Richardson, Clarence Truitt, Rolland Whitmore, Robert E. Williams, and Clarence Starcher. Three years later, in 1924, a group of three men from the 1083:

Adams is made of several overlapping cones that together form an 18-mile-diameter (29 km) base which is elongated in its north–south axis and covers an area of 250 square miles (650 km). The volcano has a volume of 70 cubic miles (290 km) placing it second only to

2736:, and Andrew J. Burge. While most sources list the aforementioned names, at least one substitutes Colonel Benjamin Franklin Shaw for Andrew Burge. Their route was likely up the North Cleaver because that summer they were improving a newly designated military road that passes through 946:

originates in a large cirque below the summit at about 10,000 feet (3,050 m), sandwiched between the North Cleaver on the west and the Lava Ridge to the east. It terminates at about 7,600 feet (2,320 m). The Lava and Lyman Glaciers are the source of the Muddy Fork of the

599:. From either highway, travelers have to use Forest Service roads to get closer to the mountain. The main access roads, FR 23, FR 82, FR 80, and FR 21, are paved for part of their length. Almost all other roads are gravel or dirt, with varying degrees of maintenance. Access to the 3716:

pine and fir forests at the southern base of Mount Adams. The tree rises to a lofty 202 feet (62 m) with a diameter of 7 feet (2.1 m), and is one of the largest known ponderosa pine trees in the world. As of 2015, however, the tree has been stressed by attacks from

2348:. Because she was the third wife to be greeted by the Sun in the morning, Pahto became jealous. She broke down both Plash-Plash and Wahkshum, but left Rainier and St. Helens alone. She was happy that she was now the first to be greeted, but wanted more, so she crossed the 2968:

preliminary mining continued for several years until 1937 when the last crew worked from the summit lookout. In the years following, Dean periodically attempted to restart this venture and in 1946, he and Lt. John Hodgkins made several landings by airplane on the summit

2606:, was one of those most familiar with Adams and he was instrumental in many of the names given to places around the mountain. In 1890, he, his mother Josie, and his sister Leah completed a circuit of the mountain and explored, to some extent, all ten of its principle 7761: 675:. The Pinnacle forms the northwest false summit and was created by erosion from the Adams and White Salmon glaciers. On the east side, The Castle is a low prominence at the top of Battlement Ridge. The summit crater is filled with snow and is open on its west rim. 2400:

were female mountains and quarreled over Adams, the male mountain. In a different legend from the Cowlitz, St. Helens was the man and Pahto (Adams) and Takhoma (Rainier) were his wives and the two wives quarreled with each other. A thunderbird legend from the

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Several rock prominences exist on the lower flanks of Adams. The Spearhead is an abrupt rocky prominence near the bottom of Battlement Ridge. Burnt Rock, The Hump, and The Bumper are three smaller rocky prominences at or below the tree line on the west side.

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on the more difficult glacier routes, the biggest hazard is the loose rocks and boulders which are easily dislodged and a severe hazard for climbers below. These falling rocks are especially dangerous for climbers on the precipitous east faces and the steep

868:. The south side, however, does have some perennial snowfields on its slopes. The Crescent Glacier is the source of Morrison Creek; and, although it does not feed it directly, the Gotchen Glacier is the source of Gotchen Creek. Both creeks drain to the 2381:

loose a terrific volley of thunder and lightning and stunned Enumtla. Speelyi then managed to overpower Enumtla and decreed that the thunderbird could no longer terrify the people, could only thunder on hot days, and could not destroy with lightning.

1048:, Ice Cave, and Deadhorse Caves. Cheese Cave has the largest bore of the caves near Adams with a diameter of 40–50 feet (12–15 m) and a length of over 2,000 feet (610 m). Ice cave, which is made up of several sections created by several 742:

Crofton Ridge. Crofton gradually becomes very broad as it descends southwesterly from the tree line. MacDonald Ridge, on the south side, starts at about tree line below the lower end of Suksdorf Ridge and descends in a southerly direction.

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with his two sons. The sons quarreled about who would settle where. To settle the dispute, Saghalie shot an arrow to the west and to the north and told his sons to find them and to settle where the arrows had fallen. So one settled in the

3606:. Western hemlock and Western red cedar also occur but are limited to creek and river bottoms. Grand fir is present on sites with better moisture retention. At middle elevations on the west side, grand fir is increasingly replaced by 1016:

The many other vents and volcanoes encompassed by the Mount Adams field include Glaciate Butte and Red Butte on the north, King Mountain, Meadow Butte, Quigley Butte, and Smith Butte on the south, with others interspersed throughout.

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has identified three such eruptive periods; the first occurring 520,000 to 500,000 years ago, the second 450,000 years ago, and the third 40,000 to 10,000 years ago. Most of these eruptions and therefore most of the

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had been watching all this time and came to Pahto. He gave her a new head in the form of White Eagle and his son Red Eagle and he reminded her that she was his daughter. Pahto repented and promised to stop being mean and greedy.

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While the south side has several sno-parks near Adams, the north side has only one nearby, the Orr Creek Sno-park. This sno-park provides winter access to the Midway High Lakes Area. All the sno-parks in the area require a

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Native Americans used for picking huckleberries. Like several other trails around Adams, this trail has extensive views of the mountain. Other trails, like the Takh Takh Meadows Trail #136, pass through meadows and old

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In the area surrounding Mount Adams, many caves have formed around inactive lava vents. These caves, usually close to the surface, can be hundreds of feet deep and wide. A few of the more well known caves include the

1996:#2000, and the Riley Creek Trail #64. There are four trails providing access to the "Round the Mountain Trail" on the north side: the Divide Camp Trail #112, Killen Creek Trail #113, Muddy Meadows Trail #13, and the 2480:. On the return journey in 1806, they recorded seeing both, but did not give Adams a name, only calling it "a very high humped mountain". This is the earliest recorded sighting of the volcano by European explorers. 1146:

flows formed a 20-to-200-foot (6 to 60 m) thick circle around the base of Mount Adams, and filled existing depressions and ponded in valleys. Most of the volcano is made of andesite together with a handful of

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descends from a lower elevation on the mountain than Battlement Ridge beneath the precipitous Roosevelt Cliff. Lava Ridge, starting at about the same location as the North Cleaver, descends slightly east of north.

2057:, Boundary Trail #1, has its eastern terminus in the Midway High Lakes area at Council Lake. Other trails in the area include the Council Bluff Trail #117, Green Mountain Trail #110, and East Canyon Trail #265. 1553:

of the north and west sides. Routes in those areas should only be climbed early in the season under as ideal conditions as can be had. Other hazards faced by climbers on Adams include sudden storms and clouds,

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Contrary to legend, the flatness of Adams' current summit area is not due to the loss of the volcano's peak. Instead, it was formed as a result of cone-building eruptions from separated vents. A false summit,

666:, rises 11,657 feet (3,553 m) on the south side of the nearly half-mile (800 m) wide summit area. The true summit is about 600 feet (180 m) higher on the gently sloping north side. A small lava and 3614:; and on the east side, lodgepole becomes much more prevalent. Above a certain elevation, lodgepole pine also appears in areas on the west side as well. As elevation increases, the forest changes again with 1308:. The shield volcanoes, which form the backbone of the volcanic field, are located on the northern and southern sides of the field. Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams are on the western and the eastern sides. 467:. While many of the volcanic peaks in Oregon are located on the Cascade Crest, Adams is the only active volcano in Washington to be so. It is farther east than all the rest of Washington's volcanoes except 2579:, they determined the elevation to be 12,255, 12,402, and 12,150 feet (3,735, 3,780, and 3,703 m) respectively. None of these numbers were used on any map because that same year, 1895, the 11731: 2681:

with suggestions from Rusk. He also named Castle Rock (The Castle), Little Mount Adams, and Red Butte. Reid noted that it was apparent that the glaciers of Adams had been significantly larger during the

670:

cone marks the highest point. Suksdorf Ridge is a long buttress descending from the false summit to an elevation of 8,000 feet (2,000 m). This structure was built by repeated lava flows in the late

2409:), Low-we-lat-Klah (St. Helens), and Simcoe. Pahto and Tahoma were badly beaten, Ah-kee-kun and Low-we-lat-Klah escaped without injury, and Simcoe suffered the greatest injury for starting the battle. 1488:, and equestrian sports with several long loop trails. A few small and primitive campgrounds exist in the area, including the Wicky Creek Shelter. Generally, there are trailheads at these campgrounds. 603:

is by way of FR 82, which becomes BIA 285 at the Yakama reservation boundary. BIA 285 is known to be extremely rough and often suitable only for trucks or high-clearance vehicles. Two small towns,

2303:, one in the spring and one in the fall. The demigod Koyoda Spielei lived among them and settled disputes among the living things of the earth, including the mountains Pa-toe (Adams) and Yi-east ( 10499: 8420: 1957:

While the summit is the main draw for many who visit Adams, many trails pass through the area around Mount Adams where visitors can find extensive vistas, local history, displays of wildflowers,

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recorded seeing the mountain; noting that it was "a high mountain of emence hight covered with snow" and thought it "perhaps the highest pinnacle in America." They initially misidentified it as

2131:

The Morrison Creek area has three designated campgrounds: Morrison Creek Campground, Mount Adams Horse Camp, and the Wicky Creek Shelter. Many climbers also camp at the Cold Springs Trailhead.

485:

Standing at 12,281 feet (3,743 m), Adams towers about 9,800 feet (3,000 m) over the surrounding countryside. It is the second-highest mountain in Washington and third-highest in the

1511:. The area features Bird Creek Meadows, a popular picnic and hiking area noted for its outstanding display of wildflowers, and exceptional views of Mount Adams and its glaciers, as well as 982:

to Guler Mountain, the vent farthest south in the field. This field includes over 120 vents; about 25 of these are considered flank volcanoes of Mount Adams. The largest flank volcano is a

395:

Adams' asymmetrical and broad body rises 1.5 miles (2.4 km) above the Cascade crest. Its nearly flat summit was formed as a result of cone-building eruptions from separated vents. The

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are common and the Canada jay is an especially familiar character, as they will boldly investigate campers and hikers. Another familiar character of the higher elevation forests is the

614:

Its size and distance from major cities, and the tendency of some people to forget or ignore Mount Adams, has led some people to call this volcano "The Forgotten Giant of Washington."

3122: 2963:, a tight fit for the usual eight men and their equipment. This problem was alleviated somewhat in the later years of the project when an enclosed 8 by 12 feet (2.4 by 3.7 m) 4321:. It and the lands nearby are home to several rare and threatened species of plants and animals including the previously mentioned Oregon spotted frog and greater sandhill crane, 3126: 11343: 6352: 2551:, ethnologist and naturalist for the expedition, thought it was about the same height as St. Helens. Its large, uneven size apparently contributed to the underestimation. The 911:

and is fed by two smaller glaciers from the summit ice cap. It terminates around 6,600 feet (2,010 m), where it becomes the source of Big Muddy Creek, a tributary of the

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lies at the base of Mount Adams. The refuge covers 6,500 acres (2,600 ha) and contains conifer forests, grasslands, and shallow wetlands. Protected wildlife includes

798:

before spreading out and terminating at around the 7,000 feet (2,130 m) elevation, where it becomes the source of the Lewis River and Adams Creek, a tributary of the

11863: 2138:. A campground is located at Bird Lake, Mirror Lake, and Bench Lake. Bench Lake is the largest campground of the three and has excellent views up the Hellroaring Canyon. 11577: 11351: 3064:

at Potato Hill starts building in late October to early November and the last of the snow generally melts by the beginning of June, but occasionally lingers into July.

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While the north and south faces of Adams are climbed easily, the west and east faces of the mountain were deemed impossible to climb because of the steep cliffs and

978:. It stands near the center of a north–south trending volcanic field that is about 4 miles (6.4 km) wide and 30 miles (48 km) long, from just south of the 11457: 10361: 7406: 6720: 1282:

and the Big Muddy Creek streambed. Both slides were estimated to have moved as much as 6.5 million cubic yards (5.0 million cubic meters) of material.

9208: 10429: 8888: 3842: 3751: 3075: 1453:, which lies mostly outside the wilderness area, is one of the more popular areas around Mount Adams. The area is made up of four large lakes, Council Lake, 1391:

volcanoes, Mount Adams offers many recreational activities, including mountain climbing, backcountry skiing, hiking and backpacking, berry picking, camping,

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one obvious flow appears on the south slopes of Adams, the A. G. Aiken Lava Bed. Other smaller flows exist in various locations around the mountain as well.

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becoming the dominant tree species on all sides of the mountain. Eventually, the last trees to disappear from the mountainside are the highly cold tolerant

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compatriots, it receives less than one might expect for a mountain of its height. Although snowfall is not measured directly, it can be estimated from the

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also have a legend attempting to explain Adams' squat appearance. Long ago, the Sun was a man and he had five wives who were mountains: Plash-Plash (the

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that live on them and Adams is no exception. This particular thunderbird was named Enumtla and he terrorized the inhabitants of the land. Speelyi, the

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valley. Impounded water later formed Trout Lake. The Great Slide of 1921 started close to the headwall of the White Salmon Glacier and was the largest

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in 1895, Professor Lyman expanded his descriptions of those three glaciers in 1896. Adams was finally properly surveyed in 1901, when Rusk led noted

6621: 2145:(DNR) has two campgrounds along Bird Creek: Bird Creek Campground and Island Cabin Campground. Island Cabin is also used in winter by snowmobilers. 10469: 2142: 737:

Prominent ridges descend from the mountain on all sides. On the north side, the aptly named North Cleaver comes down from a point below the summit

5330:

Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde, für Eiszeitforschung und Geschicte des Klimas. Annales de Glaciologie. Annals of Glaciology. Annali di Glaciologia

12357: 11524: 11474: 10419: 9093: 4455: 2032:, and various waterfalls tumbling off of high cliffs below the glaciers terminus. Little Mount Adams 6,821 ft (2,079 m), a symmetrical 2005:

include the Lookingglass Lake Trail #9A, High Camp Trail #10, Salt Creek Trail #75, Crofton Butte Trail #73, and the Riley Connector Trail #64A.

691:

Panoramic view from the relatively flat summit area of Mount Adams, with the center of the image looking due west towards Mount St. Helens. Nine

2112:, Cat Creek Campground, and Twin Falls Campground are located nearer to Mount Adams and are just a few of the many campgrounds along the scenic 11702: 10839: 10173: 8290: 7579: 7310: 7219: 7154: 6894: 6822: 6753: 6686: 6587: 5577: 5152: 4416: 2850:

and all the Forest Reserves were transferred to the new agency. In 1907, the Forest Reserves were renamed to National Forests and in 1908, the

2786:

was used for potato storage in the 1930s and later was home to the Guler Cheese Company, which produced, for a number of years in the 1950s, a

2519:, the names for Hood and St. Helens were interchanged. And, likely because of the confusion about which mountain was St. Helens, he placed the 4975: 12332: 11738: 11371: 11359: 10524: 10484: 10409: 9168: 9148: 3095: 2109: 2028:

about 1,000 feet (300 m) down from the viewpoint precipice. From here, hikers can gaze up 5,800 feet (1,800 m) at Mount Adams, the

388:

consists of the upper and western part of the volcano's cone. The eastern side of the mountain is designated as part of the territory of the

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Mount Adams can be dangerous for a variety of reasons and people have died in pursuit of the summit while many others have had close calls.

11332: 11134: 11125: 10479: 10150: 9560: 9193: 4411: 2089: 1462: 8013: 4119:. The many snags around the mountain provide forage and nesting habitat for the many species of woodpeckers that live there including the 2782:

in years of short supply elsewhere. Oddly, a "claim" to the cave using mining laws was used in order to gain exclusive access to the ice.

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as well as a good number of trails for hiking and backpacking. Most trails are open to horses and many outside the wilderness are open to

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and, including the tree and shrub species previously mentioned, totals at least 843 species. This is more than any other mountain in the

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edge for 4 miles (6.4 km). Other trails in the area include the Gotchen Trail #40, Morrison Creek Trail #39, and Pineway Trail #71.

841:

glaciers on the west side of the mountain are less thick and voluminous, and are generally patchy in appearance. They all originate from

611:, are located in valleys less than 15 miles from the summit, Glenwood on the southeast quarter and Trout Lake on the southwest quarter. 10459: 10434: 10404: 10389: 10356: 10069: 1111:-extruding eruptions. Each eruptive cycle was separated from one another by long periods of dormancy and minor activity, during which, 10543: 6052: 4601: 12258: 10489: 10195: 10183: 9893: 9843: 9621: 5770: 2774:

Some of the caves around Adams were subject to commercial ventures. In the 1860s, ice was gathered from the Ice Cave and shipped to

942:. It is divided into two arms by a very rugged ridge at 10,200 feet (3,110 m) and terminates at 7,400 feet (2,260 m). The 12377: 12372: 12342: 11638: 11539: 11534: 11529: 10454: 10341: 8526: 3110: 2839: 5459: 860:

The south side of the mountain along Suksdorf Ridge is moderately glacier-free, with the only glaciers being the relatively small

11801: 11321: 10399: 10366: 10084: 9772: 4389: 2847: 2556: 489:. Because of the way it developed, it is the largest stratovolcano in Washington and second-largest in the Cascades, behind only 3074:

can be highly variable around Adams, due in part to its geographic location astride the Cascade Crest, which gives it more of a

12397: 12327: 11718: 10519: 10414: 10220: 9601: 8582: 7769: 4404: 3084: 3009: 604: 8153: 8068: 7432: 12382: 12184: 12122: 11811: 11794: 11387: 10439: 10371: 9959: 8487: 6375: 3114: 2804: 2593: 1202:

Mount Adams, Washington simplified hazards map showing potential impact area for ground-based hazards during a volcanic event

1190:

4.5-mile (7.2 km) long by 0.5-mile (0.8 km) wide A.G. Aiken Lava Bed. This flow looks young but has 3,500-year-old

1159:. The lava that erupted was shattered when it came in contact with the ice and the cone interior is therefore made of easily 989:

on Adams east base called Goat Butte. This structure is at least 150,000 years old. Little Mount Adams is a symmetrical

64: 1155:

which erupted early in Adams' development. The present main cone was built when Adams was capped by a glacier system in the

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Postglacial Lahars and Potential Hazards in the White Salmon River System on the Southwest Flank of Mount Adams, Washington

5399: 4459: 4282: 3587: 1465:; one small lake, Green Mountain Lake; and a group of small lakes, Chain of Lakes. The area offers developed and primitive 688: 512:. The many streams that emanate from the glaciers and from springs at its base flow into two more major river systems, the 493:. Its large size is reflected in its 18 miles (29 km)-diameter base, which has a prominent north–south trending axis. 4746: 3833:

meadows and parklands, while not as prolific as the meadows and wetlands of lower elevations, have a display as well with

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has a terrific battle between the thunderbird, Enumklah, and his five wives, Tahoma (Rainier), Pahto (Adams), Ah-kee-kun (

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sports. Trails in the wilderness pass through dry east-side and moist west-side forests, with views of Mt. Adams and its

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to Adams' remote location. Reid conducted the first systematic study of the volcano and also named its most significant

1242:. Future eruptions from Adams will probably follow patterns set by previous events and will thus be flank lava flows of 380:, and is one of the arc's largest volcanoes, located in a remote wilderness approximately 34 miles (55 km) east of 12086: 10844: 10286: 10266: 10074: 10045: 8733: 8385: 7994: 4036: 2936: 1642: 1331:

as secondary products. There are about 205 vents that were active between 4.2 million and 600 thousand years ago.

1166:

fragments. Since its construction, constant emissions of heat and caustic gases have transformed much of the rock into

834: 353:. Although Adams has not erupted in more than 1,000 years, it is not considered extinct. It is the second-highest 6727: 5864: 2417:

Adams was known to the Native Americans as Pahto (with various spellings) and Klickitat. In various tribal languages (

12322: 10381: 10291: 10064: 9098: 8040: 7726: 6536: 6308: 6234: 6110: 5371: 4871: 4675: 2559:

gave it an elevation of 11,906 feet (3,629 m). The height was more closely determined in 1895 by members of the

1346: 1270: 5252: 4250:

can be found in the Klickitat, Lewis, and Cispus Rivers. Because of barriers to fish passage (dams on the Lewis and

3133:

in that it is in two level three eco-regions as well as being the only one within the Cascade Crest Montane Forest.

11118: 10313: 10225: 10059: 9952: 9530: 4384: 2313: 2277: 8233: 4704: 1060:. These and many other caves in the Trout Lake area were at one time part of a huge system that originated at the 12171: 11950: 11837: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 10991: 10931: 10331: 10276: 9255: 8560: 8522: 6866: 6506: 6478: 5915: 5872: 5809: 5522: 5073: 5027: 4982: 4907: 4816: 4642: 4581: 4544: 2866: 2539:

Since its discovery by explorers, the height of Adams has also been subject to revision. The topographer for the

2205: 2149: 2080:

Campgrounds near Mount Adams are open during the snow-free months of summer. Campgrounds in the area include the

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the current 843 species with hundreds of additional species listed. Adams is home to many rare plants including

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and took plants and animals from the mountains there. The other mountains were afraid of her, but Klah Klahnee (

12106: 12093: 11774: 11723: 11486: 11324: 11041: 10858: 10474: 10464: 10281: 10251: 10246: 10215: 10030: 10000: 9792: 8546: 7844: 6188: 4958: 3953: 3630:

and mountain hemlock. Other conifers, 18 species in all, that play a lesser role than the dominant species are

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of Adams gives it a large amount of diversity within its forests. On the west side, down in the lower valleys,

3020:

and farther from the mountain, are more complete and go back further, 1948 at Glenwood and 1924 at Trout Lake.

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On the south side of Adams, the Morrison Creek area provides additional opportunities for hiking, backpacking,

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with its unique way of bobbing about along streams and then ducking into the water is a common sight. Several

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metropolitan area, 60 miles (97 km) to the southwest. Between half and two thirds of Adams is within the

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For several decades after Lewis and Clark sighted the mountain, people continued to get Adams confused with

1227:

explosion. This was the only debris flow in Mount Adams' recorded history, but there are five known lahars.

1067:. The most obscure caves around Adams are the Windholes on the southeast side near Island Cabin Campground. 12099: 12024: 11903: 11784: 11036: 11016: 10961: 10941: 10336: 10205: 10040: 10025: 9606: 8359: 7704: 7488: 7381: 6000: 5943: 5069: 5023: 4783: 4754: 4203: 2957: 2922: 2885: 2843: 2835: 2752: 2174: 2029: 2013: 1927: 1821: 1443: 1350: 896: 884: 111: 1473:. More scenery similar to what is encountered in the Mount Adams Wilderness abounds. The area also offers 11926: 11363: 11111: 11031: 11011: 11001: 10981: 10956: 10921: 10916: 10896: 10256: 10210: 10020: 9990: 9863: 9405: 8093: 6349:"Wild and Easy - Bird Creek Meadows Loop: Waterfalls, meadows, glacier, canyon overlook — it's all here!" 5543: 3737: 2935:. One, Satus Peak, is staffed every season and the other, Signal Peak, is staffed during periods of high 2674: 2666: 2627: 2153: 2135: 2073: 2021: 1981: 1796: 1702: 1492: 1374: 927: 919: 791: 780: 772: 600: 552:

rivers are nearly completely free flowing, with only small barriers to aid irrigation (White Salmon) and

460: 293: 8445: 4910:. Geologic map of the Simcoe Mountains Volcanic Field, main central segment, Yakama Nation, Washington. 12362: 11869: 11832: 11816: 11604: 11582: 11557: 11375: 11211: 11051: 11046: 11026: 11021: 10986: 10971: 10906: 10901: 10886: 10726: 10326: 9651: 9570: 9248: 9038: 8728: 8575: 5907: 5363: 4667: 4053:

Many birds call Adams home or a stopover on their migration routes. Songbirds include three species of

3957: 3705: 2548: 2469: 2418: 588: 12056: 7696: 6498: 4900:"Geologic map of the Simcoe Mountains Volcanic Field, main central segment, Yakama Nation, Washington" 1004: 12196: 11912: 11853: 11462: 11166: 11077: 11056: 11006: 10996: 10951: 10936: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10829: 10824: 10321: 9782: 9470: 9375: 9138: 8431: 8178: 8089: 7284: 4242:

can be found the Klickitat and cutthroat trout are found in the Lewis River and upper reaches of the

4239: 3733: 3025: 2932: 2085: 1970: 1516: 1458: 1056:

in the United States with 14,441 feet (4,402 m) of passage. These caves are all just outside of

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mountains, Adams receives a large amount of snow, but because it lies farther east than many of its

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Several other tribes have legends involving battles and disagreements between the great peaks. The

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within the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills eco-region. Adams is unique among the Washington

3047: 2686:. The geologic history of Adams would have to wait another 80 years before it was fully explored. 2536:, determined its location, described the surrounding countryside, and placed the name on the map. 12190: 12150: 12011: 11643: 11633: 11616: 11599: 11508: 11407: 11206: 10946: 10731: 10514: 10351: 10190: 9616: 9510: 9385: 8808: 8542: 8213: 6296: 5401:

Historic Glacier and Climate Fluctuations at Mount Adams, WA and Effects on Regional Water Supply

4540: 4536: 4516: 4128: 4082: 4046: 2851: 2564: 2373: 2232:) and Pahto (Mount Adams, also called Paddo or Klickitat by Native peoples) were the sons of the 1590: 11858: 11769: 10296: 9315: 6300: 6290: 4747:"Pacific Northwest Region Viewing Area - Mt. Adams Wilderness, Pacific Crest Trail, Adams Creek" 3826: 2634:

that was about one hundred miles across. The southern boundary of this enormous caldera was the

1261:

Rock and ice debris avalanche that occurred on October 20, 1997, on the east side of Mount Adams

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searched for a way to climb the east face. On one of these excursions, in 1919, Rusk named the

2353: 2105: 2041: 2002: 1989: 1450: 1446:(USFS) is required for activities above 7,000 feet (2,100 m) from June through September. 1411: 1370: 1366: 1116: 1057: 696: 646: 608: 596: 452: 385: 269: 72: 6469:

Scott, W.E; Gardner, C.A.; Sherrod, D.R.; Tilling, R.I.; Lanphere, M.A.; Conrey, R.M. (1997).

3732:. The first extensive list of flora from the area around Mount Adams was published in 1896 by 2807:

word for mouse. Eventually, the wife killed the man as well and lived alone in the mountains.

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below the actual summit. Although the White Salmon Glacier does not originate from the summit

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finally climbed the west face of Adams. This route is straightforward, but made difficult by

2718: 1021: 520:. The streams on the north and west portions of Adams feed the Cispus River, which joins the 82: 3960:

occupying drier areas as well. These squirrels are preyed upon by the elusive and secretive

1265:

In 1997, Adams experienced two slides seven weeks apart that were the largest slides in the

1257: 412: 12208: 11979: 11412: 10786: 10781: 10741: 10706: 10653: 10565: 9611: 9445: 9285: 9173: 8998: 6337:(Map). . Cartography by Kulshan Cartographic Services. Seattle, WA: Green Trails Maps, Inc. 5939: 5235: 5231: 5223: 5196: 5192: 5184: 4605: 3846: 3798: 3778: 3679: 3102: 2993: 2580: 2568: 2529: 2170: 2044:, crosses the relatively flat area on the north side of the mountain following a trail the 968: 417: 8425: 6025: 4578:

The U.S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1073

4222:. All the lakes in the High Lakes Area are periodically replanted with varying species of 766:

In the early 21st century, glaciers covered a total of 2.5% of Adams' surface. During the

579:

Mount Adams is the second-most isolated, in terms of access, stratovolcano in Washington;

8: 12300: 12157: 12112: 11848: 11658: 11286: 10796: 10766: 10716: 10691: 10140: 10103: 9802: 9295: 8988: 8778: 7057: 5321: 4318: 4278:, make for the upper reaches of the Klickitat, including those around Adams, every year. 4195: 4020: 3905: 3667: 3663: 2705:

was able to communicate back and forth with the party on Mount Adams, but the parties on

2654: 2613: 2422: 1997: 1993: 1215: 1156: 900: 767: 396: 259: 11402: 7544: 6074: 4866:(3rd ed.). Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company. pp. 237–256. 4775: 3869: 2576: 2572: 2446: 12081: 11958: 11664: 11587: 10806: 10751: 10736: 10721: 10696: 10607: 10595: 10552: 10130: 9646: 9475: 9425: 9420: 9078: 8958: 8948: 8638: 8205: 7618: 6226: 5551: 5466: 5441: 4255: 4247: 4012: 3854: 3794: 3773:

on the flanks of Adams. The notable Bird Creek Meadows includes in its famous display,

3757: 3746: 3651: 3639: 3591: 3037: 3005: 2960: 2918: 2906: 2889: 2779: 2426: 2248: 2182: 2008: 1434:, tumbling streams, open alpine forests, parklands, and a variety of wildflowers among 1342: 1251: 1219: 1207: 1093: 869: 850: 784: 591:

comes within 13 miles of Adams as it follows the White Salmon River valley up from the

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flow that emerged from a vent at about 8,200 feet (2,500 m) on Battlement Ridge.

1008:

Trout Lake (Trout Lake Creek) reflecting Mount Adams near the small town of Trout Lake

12274: 12163: 12051: 12003: 11995: 11653: 11648: 11628: 11445: 10801: 10761: 10570: 10010: 9995: 9812: 9586: 9515: 9271: 9063: 9053: 8858: 8843: 8633: 8618: 8493: 8483: 8475: 7990: 7437: 7407:"'Tinfoil' protects oldest building from wildfire in Gifford Pinchot National Forest" 6532: 6304: 6230: 6184: 6116: 6106: 5367: 5294: 4954: 4877: 4867: 4859: 4671: 4004: 3893: 3850: 3729: 3687: 3675: 3655: 3623: 3619: 3567: 2893: 2599: 2544: 2516: 2512: 2253: 1892: 1627: 1559: 1423: 1304:, and flows with volumes of up to 23 cubic miles (96 km) with the highest peak, 1279: 1097: 904: 888: 838: 821: 776: 724: 692: 377: 286: 11435: 7897: 7875: 7815: 7124:"Biographical Appendix from the 1898 Pioneer History of Coos and Curry Counties, OR" 5802:

Volcanic Hazards with Regard to Siting Nuclear-Power Plants in the Pacific Northwest

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are needed on many routes because of glaciers and the route's steepness. Aside from

1036:

2.5 million years ago that later solidified into 2,100-foot (640 m) thick

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are frequently seen flying just above the water of lakes and some larger streams.

2515:. In a mistake or deliberate change by mapmaker and proponent of the Kelley plan, 1519:

are open for recreation, while other areas are open only to members of the tribe.

1383:

The South Climb (or South Spur) climbing route on Mount Adams along Suksdorf Ridge

11744: 11417: 11251: 11236: 10005: 9918: 9883: 9858: 9807: 9687: 9671: 9596: 9545: 9350: 9305: 9218: 9188: 8963: 8748: 8623: 8259: 8097: 7344: 7253: 7188: 7092: 7061: 7024: 6993: 6962: 6931: 6786: 6655: 6556: 6468: 6220: 5830: 5679: 5645: 5614: 5325: 4948: 4259: 4231: 4211: 4160: 4096: 3806: 3691: 3683: 3631: 3599: 2859: 2389: 2300: 2292: 2076:

descends from the summit ice cap near the center of this view from the northwest.

1354: 1312: 912: 861: 545: 517: 241: 215: 8132: 6470: 6134: 3041: 2984: 2642:

has since dismissed this theory. From information collected on an outing of the

2295:. The Native Americans lived on the sea and each year they would hold two large 12226: 12076: 11966: 11842: 11430: 11201: 11181: 10658: 9752: 9717: 9692: 9591: 9565: 9335: 9083: 9018: 8928: 8918: 8908: 8873: 8863: 8833: 8803: 7790: 6286: 4899: 4506: 4482: 4334: 4314: 4263: 3945: 3881: 3802: 3709: 3607: 3603: 2683: 2592:

current elevation, 12,281 feet (3,743 m), is generated by the new method,

2555:

listed Adams as having an elevation of 9,570 feet (2,920 m) while a later

2499:

as the President's Range and rename each major Cascade mountain after a former

2492: 2465: 2385: 2349: 2261: 2221: 2025: 1563: 1297: 1289: 1064: 996:

Potato Hill is a cinder cone on Adams' north side that was created in the late

986: 811: 592: 432: 343: 227: 5744: 3109:

eco-region. Within these two eco-regions are five level four eco-regions: the

2826: 2728:

Cascadians climbing party before starting the ascent of the east side of Adams

2123: 12316: 12202: 12142: 12066: 11750: 11231: 11196: 11186: 11146: 10648: 10585: 9868: 9787: 9762: 9737: 9636: 9505: 9415: 9365: 9360: 9203: 9183: 9163: 9073: 9058: 9033: 9013: 9003: 8933: 8898: 8838: 8783: 8773: 8723: 8713: 8678: 8663: 8643: 8613: 7929: 4251: 4199: 4176: 4172: 4086: 4062: 3973: 3889: 3885: 3611: 3595: 3583: 3403: 3071: 3033: 2997: 2973: 2706: 2698: 2588: 2584: 2496: 2393: 2369: 2341: 2288: 2273: 2081: 1454: 1427: 1414:

along the west slope of Mount Adams offers an abundance of opportunities for

1388: 1320: 1286: 1274: 1266: 1089: 1061: 1025: 815: 807: 712: 622: 618: 584: 569: 521: 486: 479: 475: 428: 389: 362: 350: 346: 274: 234: 133: 120: 11732:

A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America

8393: 8041:"Big ponderosa pine near Mount Adams lives up to its name: Big Tree (video)" 7727:"Gifford Pinchot National Forest Completes Red Mountain Lookout Restoration" 6254: 4557:

Mount Adams, also known by the Native American names "Klickitat" or "Pahto"

3917: 3797:, and many others. In wetlands, generally at lower elevations, one can find 2996:

are poor. The nearest weather station, Potato Hill, has only been measuring

2721:

were not successful, mainly because of dense smoke and logistical problems.

2324: 2236:. The brothers both competed for the love of the beautiful La-wa-la-clough ( 1319:. This area contains many small shield volcanoes and cinder cones of mainly 1234:) have occurred especially on the summit plateau and indicate that Adams is 12250: 12244: 12220: 11469: 11452: 11176: 11171: 11161: 10632: 10617: 10035: 10015: 9903: 9898: 9873: 9833: 9817: 9757: 9747: 9722: 9525: 9490: 9440: 9430: 9400: 9395: 9380: 9340: 9300: 9178: 9128: 9113: 9103: 9068: 8978: 8968: 8868: 8848: 8798: 8768: 8758: 8698: 8668: 8653: 5105: 4243: 4168: 4148: 4100: 4008: 3965: 3873: 3858: 3742: 3724:

The large diversity of the flora around Adams is even more apparent in the

3695: 2948: 2911: 2834:

Adams and the lands surrounding it were initially set aside as part of the

2678: 2670: 2651: 2361: 2308: 2257: 2233: 2117: 2101: 1976: 1856: 1760: 1085: 1033: 963: 948: 943: 923: 892: 799: 720: 630: 580: 557: 513: 490: 468: 318: 308: 281: 9944: 8648: 7644: 3654:. Adams is also home to many hardwoods as well including the tree species 1611:

Most popular route on Adams; non-technical; first climbed in 1863 or 1864

1379: 12238: 12214: 11974: 11156: 10575: 9923: 9908: 9777: 9726: 9535: 9485: 9455: 9390: 9330: 9158: 9133: 9108: 8983: 8913: 8878: 8828: 8673: 8628: 7955: 6418: 6397: 5436: 5419: 5256: 4267: 4219: 4207: 3999: 3984: 3961: 3718: 3671: 3067: 3001: 2787: 2783: 2737: 2710: 2603: 2033: 1404: 1323:

with fractionated intermediate alkalic products, subordinate subalkaline

1301: 1239: 1235: 1211: 1104: 1045: 997: 990: 907:

on the volcano's eastern flank originates in a 1 mile (1.6 km) wide

803: 716: 672: 626: 6471:

Geologic History of Mount Hood Volcano, Oregon -- A Field-Trip Guidebook

5296:

Guardians of the Columbia: Mount Hood, Mount Adams, and Mount St. Helens

4573: 2896:

at the top of Adams. This was part of an endeavor that began in 1915 on

2862:. In 1964, the lands around Mount Adams were set aside as a wilderness. 11789: 11567: 11309: 11246: 10126: 9928: 9888: 9682: 9677: 9626: 9520: 9465: 9213: 9198: 9043: 9028: 8993: 8923: 8903: 8818: 8813: 8793: 8738: 8718: 7671: 6282: 4976:

Klickitat Hatchery Complex Program Draft Environmental Impact Statement

4310: 4275: 4227: 4156: 4136: 4104: 4032: 4028: 3988: 3980: 3818: 3713: 2897: 2858:. The name was changed in 1949 to honor the first Chief of the Forest, 2842:

in 1897. Eight years later, in 1905, the Bureau of Forestry, later the

2748: 2702: 2694: 2508: 2504: 2406: 2357: 2337: 2304: 2229: 2166: 2093: 2069: 1958: 1512: 1504: 1470: 1435: 1305: 1296:. Its principal feature is an 18-mile (29 km) long linear zone of 1230:

Since then, thermal anomalies (hot spots) and gas emissions (including

1218:. The flow dammed Trout Creek and covered 25 miles (40 km) of the 1175: 1125: 1029: 979: 704: 638: 533: 525: 436: 373: 160: 11812:

Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences

10095: 8482:(3rd ed.). Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company. 7218:

Parker, Alfred F. (December 15, 1924). Streator, Gertrude Inez (ed.).

5892:

Richard, Terry (September 10, 1997). "Avalanche Rips Path down Peak".

5724:. Olympia, WA: Washington Division of Mines and Geology: 30–38, 71–110 5417: 3972:

make their home on open rocky areas at any altitude while the elusive

2876: 1075: 974:

Mount Adams is surrounded by a variety of other volcanic features and

857:

as well as Riley Creek, which is also a tributary of the Lewis River.

11562: 11241: 11221: 9933: 9631: 9480: 9460: 9450: 9143: 8788: 8608: 8210:

The Columbia River: Its History, Its Myths, Its Scenery, Its Commerce

4552: 4271: 4091: 4054: 4024: 3929: 3925: 3897: 3822: 3782: 3477: 3098: 3017: 2791: 2647: 2635: 2630:. They thought that Adams was within what was originally an enormous 2454: 2050: 1962: 1555: 1223: 1171: 1053: 553: 155: 9240: 5799: 4915: 2638:

ridge that forms the southern border of the Glenwood Valley. Modern

2503:. Mount Adams was not known to Kelley and was thus not in his plan. 2156:

require fees. The campgrounds on DNR lands require a Discover Pass.

1337:

around Adams is very low and it is one of the quietest volcanoes in

41: 11987: 9878: 9838: 9410: 9370: 9153: 4726: 4370: 4330: 4078: 3993: 3937: 3933: 3838: 3061: 2927: 2870: 2756: 2732:

The first ascent of Mount Adams was in 1854 by Andrew Glenn Aiken,

2488: 1865:

Very steep, unstable rock and glacier climb; first climbed in 1978

1851:

Very steep, unstable rock and glacier climb; first climbed in 1962

1840:

Very steep, unstable rock and glacier climb; first climbed in 1961

1550: 1545: 1537: 1439: 1431: 1328: 1243: 1163: 1139: 1049: 931: 541: 354: 8497: 6726:. Olympia, WA: Washington State Historical Society. Archived from 6120: 5515:"Mount Adams, Washington - Volcanic Fields - Mount Adams Vicinity" 5420:"Twentieth Century Glacier Change on Mount Adams, Washington, USA" 4953:(1st ed.). Helena, Montana: Globe Pequot Press. p. 183. 4881: 4085:, who can be found far up the mountain, well above the tree line. 3880:

Adams is home to a fairly wide variety of animal species. Several

2507:, in fact, was designated by Kelley to be renamed after President 1132:. The loose material that makes up much of Adams' core is made of 1092:

stratovolcanoes. Mount Adams was created by the subduction of the

727:

can be seen between St. Helens and Rainier, nearly 150 miles away.

587:

passes about 25 miles to the north of Adams through the Cascades.

10686: 10627: 9975: 9228: 4633:

Scott, W.E.; Iverson, R.M.; Vallance, J.W.; Hildreth, W. (1995).

4191: 4144: 4066: 4058: 4016: 3921: 3834: 3790: 3786: 3770: 3579: 3571: 3130: 3091: 2969: 2964: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2744: 2690: 2658: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2622: 2607: 2560: 2272:

tribes respectively. To separate the tribes, Saghalie raised the

1541: 1508: 1500: 1478: 1474: 1466: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1160: 1133: 1121: 1112: 975: 939: 935: 846: 842: 795: 738: 537: 6443: 2177:

does this to not dry up the forest service's snowplowing funds.

1980:

High Camp at Killen Meadows, high on the slopes of Mount Adams.

879:

Heavily crevassed glaciers on the southeast side of the mountain

583:

is the most isolated. Only two major highways pass close to it.

504:

Adams is the source of the headwaters for two major rivers, the

8603: 8480:

Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes

4864:

Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes

4306: 4298: 4294: 4164: 4116: 4108: 3913: 3909: 3901: 3766: 2952: 2947:

In 1929, Wade Dean formed the Glacier Mining Company and filed

2487:, due in part to their somewhat similar appearance and similar 2402: 2333: 2296: 2217: 2045: 1722:

Classic, difficult, steep glacier climb; first climbed in 1945

1496: 1485: 1415: 1338: 1247: 1183: 1179: 1148: 1143: 1129: 983: 908: 667: 650: 617:

On a clear day from the summit, other visible volcanoes in the

444: 440: 57: 11133: 8592:

The 126 most prominent summits of the United States of America

6797:(1). Portland, OR: Native Son Publishing Company: 21. May 1899 6419:"The Gifford Pinchot National Forest: Little Mount Adams Hike" 6398:"The Gifford Pinchot National Forest: Bird Creek Meadows Hike" 6135:"Man Spends Night on Mt. Adams after Father Dies During Climb" 5336:(2). Berlin, Germany: Verlag von Gebrüder Bokntraeger: 113–131 4183:, call the forests and the lower slopes of the mountain home. 2854:

was divided among three Forests. The southern half became the

695:

are visible (not including Adams itself). From left to right:

11935:

Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence

11278: 8452:. United States Fish and Wildlife Service(FWS). April 8, 2013 6219:

Beckey, Fred (2000-08-15). "Columbia River to Stevens Pass".

5718:

Washington Division of Mines and Geology Information Circular

4931:

White Salmon River Salmonid Habitat Limiting Factors Analysis

4302: 4223: 4074: 2992:

Because of its remote location and relative inaccessibility,

2587:

method, also measured the height of several mountains in the

1946:

Shorter, more direct alternate from the Mazama Glacier route

1876:

Steep glacier and unstable rock climb; first climbed in 1921

1324: 8212:(1st ed.). New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 1001:

Ridge but were emplaced before the end of the last ice age.

7004:(4). Washington D. C.: The National Geographic Society: 150 5896:. Portland, OR: Oregonian Publishing Company. pp. C01. 5690:(5). San Francisco, California: A. Roman & Co.: 421–427 5507: 5494:"South butte Summit - Washington Mountain Peak Information" 4286: 4262:

can reach the streams around Adams is the Klickitat River.

4187: 3969: 3094:

of Adams places it and the immediate area in two different

3021: 2976:

volcano to have its summit exploited by commercial miners.

2818:

to the summit and showed many of the sights along the way.

2096:

Campground and Twin Falls Campground are located along the

2084:

Campground, offering views across the lake of Mount Adams;

2016:

from Bird Creek Meadows, in the Mount Adams Recreation Area

1407:, wildlife viewing, and scenic driving among other things. 1167: 1108: 1037: 918:

The north side is distinguished by two major glaciers, the

8179:"Gray Wolf Conservation and Management: Wolf Observations" 7345:"Notes and Correspondence: Motion Pictures of Mount Adams" 4936:(Report). Olympia, WA: Washington Conservation Commission. 2747:. To some, this assumption was a challenge and for years, 993:

on top of the Ridge of Wonders on Adams' southeast flank.

7845:"Historical Snowdepth Comparison along the Cascade Range" 7619:"Fire Lookout Structures in Washington's Mountain Ranges" 5613:

Lyman, William Denison; Lyman, Horace S. (October 1886).

5247: 5245: 5128:"Mount Adams South Climb — Washington Trails Association" 4571: 4290: 1988:

Many trails access the "Round the Mountain Trail" in the

1911:

Steep unstable rock and ice climb; first climbed in 1971

1780:

Steep unstable rock or snow climb; first climbed in 1960

1769:

Steep unstable rock or snow climb; first climbed in 1965

1744:

Steep unstable rock or snow climb; first climbed in 1960

1733:

Steep unstable rock or snow climb; first climbed in 1975

1675:

Steep unstable rock or snow climb; first climbed in 1965

1278:

consisted of mainly rock and flowed three miles down the

565: 6450:. Washington State Department of Natural Resources. 2016 5934: 5932: 3979:

The profusion of wildflowers attracts a large number of

2220:

concerning the three "smoking mountains" that guard the

1755:

Steep ridge climb; likely route of first ascent in 1854

1650:

Moderate glacier and scree climb; first climbed in 1957

1115:

eroded the mountain to below 9,000 feet (2,700 m).

6836:(13). Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 47–49, 77–78 6332: 6183:(1st ed.). Seattle, Washington: The Mountaineers. 5326:"Studies of the Glaciers of Mount Hood and Mount Adams" 5299:(1st ed.). Tacoma, WA: John H. Williams. pp. 2880:

US Forest Service lookout on the summit, August 9, 1922

2247:

legend, the chief of the gods, Tyhee Saghalie, came to

1495:, another very popular area, offers activities such as 1292:

is located between St. Helens and Adams and within the

1214:

from Adams and the only large one since the end of the

7672:"Southwest Washington Forest Fire Lookout Tower Sites" 7103:(288). New York, NY: The Illustrated American: 240–241 6666:. Portland, OR: Native Son Publishing Company: 417–423 5576:

Lowry, Ed (December 15, 1953). Caldwell, Janet (ed.).

5242: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 1922:

Difficult, steep glacier climb; first climbed in 1962

1900:

Difficult, steep glacier climb; first climbed in 1938

1829:

Difficult, steep glacier climb; first climbed in 1961

1816:

Difficult, steep glacier climb; first climbed in 1966

1805:

Difficult, steep glacier climb; first climbed in 1948

853:. The Pinnacle Glacier is the source of a fork of the 8291:"Some of the Birds Seen on the 1921 and 1922 Outings" 6529:

Volcanoes of the Cascades: Their Rise and Their Risks

6292:

100 Hikes in Washington's South Cascades and Olympics

6105:(1st ed.). Helena, Montana: Globe Pequot Press. 5929: 4635:

Volcano Hazards in the Mount Adams Region, Washington

4541:"Mount Adams, also known by the Native [...]" 4186:

The streams and lakes around Adams offer a number of

2092:; Killen Creek; Council Lake; and Keenes Horse Camp. 1984:

cascades down the rocky chute from the summit icecap.

8146: 7404: 6816: 6814: 6812: 5222: 5183: 4352: 3708:, (also known as Trout Lake Big Tree), is a massive 2476:, which had been previously discovered and named by 2108:

offer scenic views of Mount Adams and its glaciers.

2037:

rocky terrain; and if they exist, user-made trails.

7220:"Activities of Other Mountaineering Clubs: Mazamas" 5940:"Gifford Pinchot National Forest: About the Forest" 5418:Sitts, D.J.; Fountain, A.G.; Hoffman, M.J. (2010). 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4684: 2563:, William A. Gilmore, Professor Edgar McClure, and 2340:), Wahkshum (the Simcoe Mountains), Pahto (Adams), 6925: 6923: 6067: 3765:. The plant diversity is most evident in the many 2524:However, it was not official until 1853, when the 2127:Takhlakh Lake on the northwest side of Mount Adams 1969:miles (13–16 km) section of the trail on the 447:, 50 miles (80 km) to the northeast, and the 8282: 7400: 7398: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6809: 6491: 5962: 5960: 5800:Hoblitt, R.P.; Miller, C.D.; Scott, W.E. (1987). 4897: 4703:. Gifford Pinchot National Forest. Archived from 3932:. Many small mammals also make Adams their home. 2771:, mud slips, and easily started rock avalanches. 1887:Steep unstable rock climb; first climbed in 1934 1636:Steep scree or snow climb; first climbed in 1976 1622:Steep scree or snow climb; first climbed in 1965 1032:volcano was periodically explosive and deposited 1028:that is much older than Adams. Unlike Adams, the 423:Mount Adams stands 37 miles (60 km) east of 12314: 7578:Karlsson, Erick; McCoy, Keith (March 15, 1965). 7433:"Tinfoil protects Wash. ranger station during f" 7375:"Gifford Pinchot National Forest: Early History" 6767:(13). Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 14–16 5430:(4). Northwest Scientific Association: 378–385. 4997: 2216:Native Americans in the area have composed many 2165:A.G. Aiken Lava Bed, is especially popular with 2143:Washington State Department of Natural Resources 1697:Steep rock or snow climb; first climbed in 1967 1580:Routes up Mount Adams (Clockwise from the south) 8304:(1). Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 62–66 7985:Biek, David; McDougall, Susan (July 20, 2007). 7324:(4). Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 11–18 6920: 6712: 6700:(4). Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 27–33 5637: 5578:"Mountaineers Activities: Campcrafters Outings" 5571: 5569: 5452: 4973: 4456:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 4159:can be found on many of the lakes as well. The 3140:Climate data for Mount Adams Summit. 1991-2020 2141:Farther down the southeast slope of Adams, the 8257: 8088: 7956:"PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University" 7593:(4). Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 8–14 7538: 7536: 7395: 7168:(1). Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 9–13 6848: 6635:(1). Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 5–11 6475:U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-263 6222:Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes 5957: 5806:U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-297 5125: 4809:"Description: Mount Adams Volcano, Washington" 4639:U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-492 4535: 4417:List of highest points in Washington by county 967:Aerial view of the south face from across the 11739:Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams 11525:United States presidential election 1788–1789 11294: 11119: 10111: 9960: 9256: 8576: 8346: 8344: 8063: 8061: 7984: 7890: 7870: 7868: 7838: 7836: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7636: 7577: 7516:"Lookout Show'n Tell #3-The Highest Lookouts" 6779: 6281: 6248: 6246: 5771:"Island Cabin Campground and Windholes Trail" 4906:. Scientific Investigations Map. Reston, VA: 2926:Eventually these lookouts became obsolete as 1531:The Northeast face as seen from Devils Garden 1096:, which is located just off the coast of the 930:, the Lyman Glacier is characterized by deep 794:cascades down a steep channel in a series of 399:traverses the western flank of the mountain. 11785:Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace 8408: 8356:Gifford Pinchot National Forest - Recreation 8251: 7367: 7233:(1). Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 75 6908:. Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 23–29 6601:. Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 40–43 6032:. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 5736: 5673: 5671: 5591:. Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers, Inc.: 53–54 5566: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5090: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4739: 4477: 4475: 4412:List of mountain peaks of Washington (state) 4089:that live in the forest and meadows include 2888:began preparations to establish the highest 2865:Adams is home to the oldest building on the 2821: 2810:Adams was the feature of a 1915 documentary 2701:was attempted with some success. A party on 883:The rugged east side has four glaciers, the 825:Deep crevasses and icefalls on Adams Glacier 11693:Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson 11475:Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779 9974: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8008: 8006: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7533: 7405:Washington State DNR (September 14, 2012). 7245: 6823:"Century of Climbing State's Highest Peaks" 6647: 6390: 5900: 5858: 5856: 5255:. Portland State University. Archived from 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5044: 4780:Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail Website 4395:List of mountain peaks of the United States 3598:as well. On the east side, Douglas fir and 2617:Reid's map from his survey of Adams in 1901 2287:, there was a large inland sea between the 2040:High Lakes Trail #116, the namesake of the 1491:On the southeast side of the mountain, the 802:. Its eastern lobe ends at a small glacial 431:. It is 30 miles (48 km) north of the 11301: 11287: 11135:The 25 highest major summits of Washington 11126: 11112: 10118: 10104: 9967: 9953: 9263: 9249: 8583: 8569: 8446:"Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species" 8341: 8328:Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 8183:Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 8058: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7865: 7833: 7783: 7745: 7689: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7480: 7211: 7189:"The Mount Adams Outing of the Cascadians" 6820: 6243: 6127: 5985: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5612: 5357: 5119: 4893: 4891: 4854: 4852: 4661: 4194:to seek out. The two most common species, 3702:and contribute to a vibrant fall display. 2464:In 1805, on the journey westward down the 2211: 810:, Adams Glacier is second in size only to 334:, known by some Native American tribes as 11719:Massachusetts Historical Society holdings 8316: 8171: 8032: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7115: 6954: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6791:Oregon Native Son and Historical Magazine 6660:Oregon Native Son and Historical Magazine 6550: 6548: 6499:"Cascade Range Volcanoes - Volcano Names" 6462: 6411: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6277: 6275: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6026:"Mt. Adams High Mountain Trout Adventure" 6018: 5885: 5762: 5702: 5668: 5608: 5606: 5435: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5358:Wood, Charles A.; Kienle, Jürgen (1990). 5271: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5146: 5144: 5106:"Yakama Nation Mt. Adams Recreation Area" 5087: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4796: 4768: 4662:Wood, Charles A.; Kienle, Jürgen (1990). 4472: 4230:can be found in the upper reaches of the 2621:No detailed descriptions of Adams or its 1791:Steep ridge climb; first climbed in 1961 1686:Steep ridge climb; first climbed in 1924 1661:Steep ridge climb; first climbed in 1963 1103:Mount Adams was born in the mid- to late 732: 427:and about 50 miles (80 km) south of 12353:Mountains of Skamania County, Washington 12348:Volcanoes of Skamania County, Washington 11817:United First Parish Church and gravesite 11639:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 8527:United States Department of the Interior 8438: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8260:"Butterflies at Mt. Adams, August, 1913" 8220: 8003: 7912: 7842: 7791:"Washington COOP Station Data Inventory" 7507: 7308: 7302: 7062:"The Glaciers of Mt. Hood and Mt. Adams" 7052: 7050: 6895:"History of the Adams-St. Helens Region" 6821:Degenhardt, Stella (December 15, 1954). 6684: 6678: 6586:Lyman, William Denison (November 1910). 6555:Lyman, William Denison (December 1913). 6367: 6096: 6094: 6092: 5862: 5853: 5708: 5536: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5292: 5151:Lyman, William Denison (November 1910). 5041: 4567: 4565: 4206:), are in nearly every lake and stream. 4041: 3868: 3602:are dominant with some patches of dense 3566: 3046: 2983: 2875: 2825: 2814:. This film documented the journey from 2723: 2612: 2323: 2192: 2122: 2068: 2007: 1975: 1526: 1378: 1357:on the southwest flank of the mountain. 1256: 1197: 1074: 1003: 962: 874: 820: 787:) originate from Adams' summit ice cap. 757: 495: 411: 10125: 8258:Huddleson, Jr., J. H. (December 1913). 8197: 8154:"Rare wolverine spotted on Mount Adams" 8127: 8125: 8123: 8038: 7973: 7810: 7808: 7724: 7718: 7663: 7562: 7425: 7342: 7186: 7180: 6991: 6960: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6156: 5891: 5788: 5680:"The Ice-Caves of Washington Territory" 5677: 5353: 5351: 4967: 4898:Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy (2015). 4888: 4655: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4390:List of mountain peaks of North America 3674:. Large shrubs/small trees include the 3121:within the Cascades eco-region and the 2557:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 2511:and St. Helens was to be renamed after 1481:opportunities on several of the lakes. 790:On the northwest face of the mountain, 12358:Mountains of Yakima County, Washington 12315: 11802:Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University 10085:Glaciers of other Washington mountains 8474: 8206:"A Side Trip to Some Great Snow-Peaks" 8082: 7989:(1st ed.). BookSurge Publishing. 7948: 7770:Natural Resources Conservation Service 7623:sTePh aBeGg's Climbing and Photography 7605: 7486: 7459: 7453: 7276: 7251: 7217: 7152: 7141: 7016: 6994:"Recent Triangulation in the Cascades" 6985: 6963:"Elevation of Mount Adams, Washington" 6929: 6879: 6685:Sterrett, Judith I. (March 15, 1965). 6653: 6613: 6579: 6545: 6438: 6436: 6317: 6272: 6218: 6197: 6141:. Associated Press. September 17, 2010 6044: 5908:"Earthquake Monitoring at Mount Adams" 5625:(10). Portland, OR: L. Samuel: 312–317 5615:"The Caves and Glaciers of Washington" 5603: 5397: 5380: 5203: 5170: 5141: 4946: 4940: 4928: 4922: 4858: 4829: 4719: 4604:. Cascade Alpine Guide. Archived from 4405:List of volcanoes in the United States 2256:and the other in the area between the 1271:landslide eruption of Mount St. Helens 1020:Located a few miles north of Adams is 11282: 11107: 10395:Archaeology and Historic Preservation 10099: 9948: 9270: 9244: 8564: 8373: 8288: 8203: 8039:Richard, Terry (September 30, 2011). 7927: 7616: 7336: 7090: 7084: 7047: 7022: 6892: 6751: 6745: 6620:Lyman, William Denison (March 1907). 6619: 6585: 6554: 6225:(3rd ed.). Seattle, Washington: 6100: 6089: 5822: 5742: 5643: 5575: 5488: 5486: 5411: 5307: 5150: 4562: 4438: 4436: 3107:Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills 2264:and they became the ancestors of the 1107:and grew in several pulses of mostly 1079:Takh Takh Lava Flow below Mount Adams 12333:Stratovolcanoes of the United States 11573:United States Department of the Navy 11499:Constitution of Massachusetts (1780) 8450:Conboy Lake National Wildlife Refuge 8427:Conboy Lake National Wildlife Refuge 8386:"Yakama Nation Southern Ceded Lands" 8231: 8120: 7987:The Flora of Mount Adams, Washington 7805: 7762:"NWCC Report Generator: Potato Hill" 7282: 7056: 6752:Clark, Ella E. (December 28, 1955). 6526: 6520: 6373: 6341: 6252: 6178: 6153: 5869:U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2161 5828: 5768: 5348: 5320: 4727:"Official Site of the Yakama Nation" 4619: 4602:"Washington's 100 highest Mountains" 4572:Wright, T.L.; Pierson, T.C. (1992). 4460:United States Department of Commerce 4283:Conboy Lake National Wildlife Refuge 3940:are numerous throughout the forest. 3924:. There have also been sightings of 2697:between several of the peaks of the 2159: 2001:summer. Other popular trails in the 938:as it cascades down from the summit 637:to the west, all in Washington; and 11612:Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act 11344:U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom 11336:Vice President of the United States 10080:Category:Glaciers of the Goat Rocks 8518:Geographic Names Information System 7669: 7309:Halliday, William (March 1, 1960). 7264:(1). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 102–103 7187:Coursen, Edgar E. (December 1921). 7153:Hazard, Joseph T. (December 1932). 7091:Wells, Harry L. (August 24, 1895). 7072:(4). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 194–200 6433: 4400:List of Ultras of the United States 4214:appear in most of the lakes in the 2830:Gotchen Creek Guard Station c. 1911 2134:There are three campgrounds in the 2053:. One of the longest trails on the 1442:. A Cascades Volcano Pass from the 958: 459:. The remaining area is within the 435:and 55 miles (89 km) north of 185: 46:Mount Adams from the west-northwest 13: 8535:"Adams - Synonyms and Subfeatures" 8468: 8390:Yakama/Klickitat Fisheries Project 8289:Esten, Sidney R. (December 1922). 7725:Richard, Terry (August 12, 2010). 7642: 7542: 7521:. Spokane, WA: Fire Lookout Museum 7513: 7035:(1). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 98–101 6893:Meany, Edmond S. (December 1917). 6863:"The Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark" 6754:"Mount Rainier in Indian Legendry" 6050: 5483: 5398:Treser, Jared Jamison (May 2011). 4974:Lori Buffington, ed. (July 2011). 4594: 4433: 3557: 3111:Western Cascade Mountain Highlands 2740:, which is to the north of Adams. 2148:Several of the campgrounds in the 1024:and the heavily eroded ruins of a 14: 12409: 12052:"Adams and Liberty" campaign song 11922:Adams House at Harvard University 10070:Glaciers of the Olympic Mountains 8505: 8270:(2). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 18–20 8108:(1). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 68–97 7900:. Western Regional Climate Center 7878:. Western Regional Climate Center 7793:. Western Regional Climate Center 7766:National Water and Climate Center 7489:"Mount Saint Helens Lookout Site" 7199:(2). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 46–47 7121: 6973:(1). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 60–62 6942:(1). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 49–56 6718: 6567:(2). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 14–17 6557:"The Indian Myths of Mount Adams" 6333:Green Trails Maps, Inc. (2001) . 5993:"Recreation - Climbing Mt. Adams" 5841:(2). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 44–46 5644:Young, Beatrice (December 1913). 3964:that also call Adams their home. 2921:at the summit was abandoned, the 1410:The 47,122-acre (19,070 ha) 1347:Pacific Northwest Seismic Network 1273:, since a slide that occurred on 568:with dams farther downstream for 500:Meadows at Mount Adams Wilderness 16:Southern Washington stratovolcano 12296: 12295: 11673:State of the Union Address (1797 11352:U.S. Minister to the Netherlands 11085: 11071: 9531:Marble Mountain-Trout Creek Hill 9314: 8419: This article incorporates 8414: 7343:Sammons, E. C. (December 1914). 7289:Pacific Northwest Cheese Project 6998:The National Geographic Magazine 5829:Byam, Frank M. (December 1921). 5678:Raymond, R. W. (November 1869). 5656:(2). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 5–13 4385:Geology of the Pacific Northwest 4369: 4355: 3952:live throughout the forest with 1515:to the south. Some areas of the 680: 369: 184: 177: 40: 12378:Volcanoes of Washington (state) 12373:Mountains of Washington (state) 12343:Gifford Pinchot National Forest 8523:United States Geological Survey 8204:Lyman, William Denison (1909). 7701:Gifford Pinchot National Forest 7645:"Former Lookouts in Washington" 7460:Kresek, Ray (August 26, 2010). 7355:(3). Portland, OR: Mazamas: 117 7155:"The Guardians of the Columbia" 7023:Lyman, William Denison (1896). 5997:Gifford Pinchot National Forest 5831:"The Mount Adams Slide of 1921" 5066:Gifford Pinchot National Forest 5020:Gifford Pinchot National Forest 4983:Bonneville Power Administration 3954:golden-mantled ground squirrels 3920:, an endemic subspecies of the 3008:and precipitation records from 2914:, and Chaffin "Chafe" Johnson. 2867:Gifford Pinchot National Forest 2206:Princeton University Art Museum 1317:Simcoe Mountains volcanic field 474:Adams is one of the long-lived 457:Gifford Pinchot National Forest 443:. The nearest major cities are 12094:American Philosophical Society 11807:Presidents House, Philadelphia 11775:Adams National Historical Park 11724:Adams Papers Editorial Project 11703:Federal judiciary appointments 11487:Staten Island Peace Conference 11325:President of the United States 11308: 10845:Greater Portland and Vancouver 9602:Mount Scott (Clackamas County) 8392:. May 21, 2015. Archived from 8238:The Flora of Mt. Adams Country 7254:"The Ice Caves of Mount Adams" 7128:Genealogy Trails History Group 6181:Tales of a Western Mountaineer 5293:Williams, John Harvey (1912). 4529: 4499: 4081:to the high elevations is the 2942: 2931:lookouts remain nearby on the 2501:President of the United States 2412: 2368:In many of the legends of the 2104:Rivers. Most lakes within the 1881:South Side of Battlement Ridge 656: 134:46.202411792°N 121.490894694°W 1: 12398:Stratovolcanoes of Washington 12328:North American 3000 m summits 11398:Braintree Instructions (1765) 11078:Washington (state) portal 9551:Battle Ground Lake State Park 8069:"Interpretive Site: Big Tree" 7843:Andalkar, Amar (March 2005). 7649:Former Lookout Sites Register 7493:Former Lookout Sites Register 7487:Kresek, Ray (July 17, 2012). 7466:Former Lookout Sites Register 7025:"The Glaciers of Mount Adams" 6992:Gannett, S. S. (April 1896). 6932:"Historian's Report for 1895" 6622:"The Mountains of Washington" 6103:Best Climbs Cascade Volcanoes 5775:Cascade Mountains Wildflowers 5709:Halliday, William R. (1963). 5460:"Mount Adams Natural History" 5126:North Cascades (2011-09-24). 4904:Scientific Investigations Map 4426: 4155:and several other species of 3976:lives throughout the forest. 3016:, both considerably lower in 2988:Level IV ecoregions, Cascades 2626:be the source of some of the 2596:, for calculating altitudes. 2495:led a campaign to rename the 2283:In a similar legend from the 1973:may require special permits. 1711:Steep rock and glacier climb 1691:North Face of Northwest Ridge 1360: 101:North America prominent peaks 62:12,281 ft (3,743 m) 12383:Potentially active volcanoes 12100:Gazette of the United States 11458:Treaty of Amity and Commerce 11092:Pacific Northwest portal 10835:Tri-Cities metropolitan area 10530:Utilities and Transportation 10485:Public Disclosure Commission 9733:Mount Scott (Klamath County) 9607:Willamette National Cemetery 8324:"Fish Washington High Lakes" 8234:"The Animals of Mount Adams" 8133:"Cascades Carnivore Project" 8016:. trails.com. Archived from 7876:"Mount Adams Ranger Stn, WA" 7852:Skiing the Cascade Volcanoes 7697:"Trail #256 Burley Mountain" 6503:Cascades Volcano Observatory 6179:Rusk, Claude Ewing (1978) . 6003:. 2007-05-15. Archived from 5912:Cascades Volcano Observatory 5519:Cascades Volcano Observatory 5228:Mount Adams East, Washington 5189:Mount Adams West, Washington 5072:. 2015-11-24. Archived from 5026:. 2015-10-24. Archived from 4813:Cascades Volcano Observatory 4218:and three lakes are home to 4204:Columbia River redband trout 3876:above the tree line on Adams 3550:Source: PRISM Climate Group 3115:Cascade Crest Montane Forest 2836:Mount Rainier Forest Reserve 2798:, France. A legend from the 1444:United States Forest Service 1351:Cascades Volcano Observatory 1269:, ignoring the catastrophic 402: 313:1854 by A.G. Aiken and party 139:46.202411792; -121.490894694 77:8,116 ft (2,474 m) 7: 12393:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes 11927:Mount Adams (New Hampshire, 11859:Jefferson Memorial pediment 11436:Declaration of Independence 11364:Second Continental Congress 10840:Wenatchee metropolitan area 10520:Student Achievement Council 10480:Institute for Public Policy 9864:Lava Beds National Monument 7283:Parr, Tami (May 30, 2011). 6055:. Portland Monthly Magazine 5863:Vallance, James W. (1999). 4348: 4143:with its distinctive call. 4049:high up the slopes on Adams 3958:California ground squirrels 3928:and unconfirmed reports of 3900:. Large carnivores include 3332:Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 3192:Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 2910:Rudolph Deitrich, the last 2759:eastern side of the summit 2628:Columbia River basalt flows 2561:Mazamas mountaineering club 2328:Thunderbird on a totem pole 2154:Mount Adams Recreation Area 2152:and all campgrounds in the 2136:Mount Adams Recreation Area 2022:Mount Adams Recreation Area 1522: 1493:Mount Adams Recreation Area 1375:Mount Adams Recreation Area 1088:in that category among the 753: 601:Mount Adams Recreation Area 461:Mount Adams Recreation Area 87:46.1 mi (74.2 km) 10: 12414: 11605:Naturalization Act of 1798 11583:United States Marine Corps 11376:First Continental Congress 10510:Social and Health Services 8098:"The Flora of Mount Adams" 6930:Gorman, Martin W. (1896). 6053:"Bird Creek Meadows Trail" 5544:"Ice Caves of Mount Adams" 5364:Cambridge University Press 5360:Volcanoes of North America 4668:Cambridge University Press 4664:Volcanoes of North America 3549: 3139: 3032:Like the rest of the high 2979: 2840:Department of the Interior 2470:Lewis and Clark Expedition 2453:origin and comes from the 2188: 2064: 1774:Lava Glacier Headwall East 1364: 1070: 407: 12269: 12133: 12044: 11991:(1997 documentary series) 11943: 11825: 11760: 11711: 11548: 11517: 11431:Lee Resolution (seconded) 11386: 11316: 11141: 11065: 10857: 10815: 10682: 10671: 10641: 10594: 10551: 10542: 10460:Liquor and Cannabis Board 10380: 10362:Congressional delegations 10312: 10305: 10239: 10149: 10137: 10075:Glaciers of Mount Rainier 10054: 9986: 9826: 9783:Mountain Lakes Wilderness 9579: 9323: 9312: 9278: 9139:Mount Cleveland (Montana) 8598: 8432:Fish and Wildlife Service 7960:www.prism.oregonstate.edu 7651:. American Resources, Inc 7495:. American Resources, Inc 7468:. American Resources, Inc 7462:"Mount Hood Lookout Site" 7285:"Trout Lake Cheese Caves" 7093:"The Apex of Heliography" 6588:"Legends of the Cascades" 6527:Hill, Richard L. (2004). 6335:Mount Adams, WA – No 367S 4483:"Mount Adams, Washington" 4240:Westslope cutthroat trout 3590:dominate the forest with 3475: 3401: 3331: 3261: 3191: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3123:Yakima Plateau and Slopes 3119:Cascades Subalpine/Alpine 2933:Yakama Indian Reservation 2848:Department of Agriculture 2822:Forest Service operations 2569:boiling point thermometer 2553:Northwest Boundary Survey 2528:, under the direction of 1971:Yakama Indian Reservation 1952: 1599: 1588: 1585: 1569: 1517:Yakama Indian Reservation 1345:. It is monitored by the 1321:alkalic intraplate basalt 806:, Equestria Lake. In the 465:Yakama Indian Reservation 317: 307: 302: 292: 280: 268: 258: 253: 240: 226: 207: 171: 166: 154: 149: 110: 91: 81: 71: 56: 51: 39: 28: 23: 12323:Mount Adams (Washington) 11770:Early life and education 10490:Public Stadium Authority 10174:Census-designated places 10065:Glaciers of Glacier Peak 9844:Black Butte (California) 9291:Franklin Glacier Complex 9009:Mount Cleveland (Alaska) 8974:Mount Jefferson (Oregon) 8954:Mount Jefferson (Nevada) 8539:Global Volcanism Program 7936:. Friends of Mount Adams 7820:National Weather Service 7676:Forest Fire Lookout Page 6687:"The Bridge of the Gods" 6253:John (August 15, 2013). 5968:"Mount Adams Wilderness" 5646:"Mt. Adams Outing, 1913" 5253:"Glaciers of Washington" 5230:(Map). . Cartography by 5191:(Map). . Cartography by 4539:(February 14–15, 2019). 4512:Global Volcanism Program 4452:National Geodetic Survey 4258:), the only river where 3884:call the mountain home: 3864: 3763:mountain blue-eyed grass 3755:), Brewer's potentilla ( 3562: 2856:Columbia National Forest 2846:, was created under the 2541:Pacific Railroad Surveys 2526:Pacific Railroad Surveys 1961:formations, and several 1605:South Spur (South Climb) 1311:To the east, across the 1294:Indian Heaven Wilderness 1254:and other debris flows. 771:glaciers (including the 12057:Adams' personal library 12020:(2006 documentary film) 11644:Navy Department Library 11634:Slave Trade Act of 1800 11617:Marine Hospital Service 11600:Alien and Sedition Acts 11595:Mississippi Organic Act 11578:Commerce Protection Act 11408:Continental Association 11403:Boston Massacre defense 10367:Congressional districts 10060:Glaciers of Mount Baker 9617:Rooster Rock State Park 9386:White Chuck Cinder Cone 8543:Smithsonian Institution 7816:"NWS Pendleton NOWData" 7733:. Oregonian Media Group 7252:Condon, Thomas (1896). 6961:McClure, Edgar (1896). 6721:"Legend of Mount Adams" 4929:Haring, Donald (2003). 4751:Celebrating Wildflowers 4517:Smithsonian Institution 4274:, in several different 4129:white-headed woodpecker 4083:gray-crowned rosy finch 4047:Gray-crowned rosy finch 3749:, northern microseris ( 3747:Suksdorf's monkeyflower 3024:records from the three 2852:Rainier National Forest 2812:When the Mountains Call 2565:William Gladstone Steel 2276:. He also created the " 2212:Native American legends 2202:Mount Adams, Washington 2185:state Sno-Park Permit. 1940:Mazama Glacier Headwall 1916:South Klickitat Glacier 1834:Wilson Glacier Headwall 1810:Lyman Glacier South Arm 1449:On the north side, the 1422:, backcountry camping, 762:Glaciers of Mount Adams 528:, and the Lewis River. 264:Less than 520,000 years 12062:American Enlightenment 12018:John and Abigail Adams 11999:(2002 animated series) 11624:Bankruptcy Act of 1800 11424:Thoughts on Government 11217:North Gardner Mountain 10505:Services for the Blind 10430:Financial Institutions 9662:Tumalo Volcanic Center 9556:Beacon Rock State Park 9346:Schriebers Meadow Cone 8421:public domain material 7934:Friends of Mount Adams 7413:. Washington State DNR 7311:"Inside the Mountains" 6654:Saylor, F. H. (1900). 6444:"Ahtanum State Forest" 6351:. GORP. Archived from 4701:"Mt. Adams Wilderness" 4555:– via Facebook. 4545:U.S. Geological Survey 4181:white-tailed ptarmigan 4050: 3877: 3861:as prominent players. 3855:elegant Jacob's ladder 3851:alpine false candytuft 3817:, in addition to many 3575: 3127:Grand Fir Mixed Forest 3056: 2989: 2881: 2831: 2729: 2693:expedition, the first 2618: 2602:, a local settler and 2329: 2208: 2128: 2106:Midway High Lakes Area 2077: 2042:Midway High Lakes Area 2017: 2003:Mount Adams Wilderness 1990:Mount Adams Wilderness 1985: 1532: 1451:Midway High Lakes Area 1412:Mount Adams Wilderness 1384: 1371:Midway High Lakes Area 1367:Mount Adams Wilderness 1262: 1210:is the youngest large 1203: 1117:Potassium-argon dating 1080: 1009: 971: 880: 826: 763: 733:Flank terrain features 649:, all to the south in 501: 453:Mount Adams Wilderness 420: 386:Mount Adams Wilderness 325:South Climb Trail #183 12185:Thomas Boylston Adams 11854:John Adams Courthouse 11780:John Adams Birthplace 11563:Quasi War with France 11504:Treaty of Paris, 1783 10342:Legislative districts 9854:Medicine Lake Volcano 8689:San Gorgonio Mountain 7617:Abegg, Steph (2013). 7580:"Adams' Mountain Men" 5711:"Caves of Washington" 5016:"Cowlitz Valley Area" 4947:Keller, Robb (1998). 4574:Living With Volcanoes 4343:Western gray squirrel 4331:Oregon coyote thistle 4323:Suksdorf's milk vetch 4045: 3872: 3570: 3050: 2987: 2879: 2829: 2796:Roquefort-sur-Soulzon 2727: 2616: 2443:high sloping mountain 2327: 2196: 2126: 2110:Adams Fork Campground 2072: 2011: 1979: 1727:Stormy Monday Couloir 1530: 1382: 1260: 1201: 1078: 1022:Goat Rocks Wilderness 1007: 966: 878: 824: 761: 697:Three Sisters complex 595:to the small town of 499: 415: 376:, is a member of the 12338:Subduction volcanoes 11981:The Adams Chronicles 11413:Petition to the King 11227:Silver Star Mountain 10566:Long Beach Peninsula 10450:Labor and Industries 10445:Information Services 10046:White Salmon Glacier 9446:Goat Island Mountain 9286:Silverthrone Caldera 9174:Abercrombie Mountain 8999:Great Sitkin Volcano 8396:on February 19, 2016 8352:"Streams and Rivers" 8090:Suksdorf, William N. 7441:. September 15, 2012 7097:Illustrated American 7058:Reid, Harry Fielding 6656:"Bridge of the Gods" 6376:"Bird Creek Meadows" 6101:Smoot, Jeff (2012). 6075:"Bird Creek Meadows" 5684:The Overland Monthly 5437:10.3955/046.084.0407 5366:. pp. 166–167. 5322:Reid, Harry Fielding 5236:US Geological Survey 5232:US Geological Survey 5224:US Geological Survey 5197:US Geological Survey 5193:US Geological Survey 5185:US Geological Survey 4776:"Washington Segment" 4670:. pp. 164–165. 3950:Townsend's chipmunks 3918:Cascade mountain fox 3815:flatleaf bladderwort 2581:US Geological Survey 2530:Washington Territory 2392:have a legend where 2356:) convinced Wyeast ( 2012:Mount Adams and the 1738:North Ridge Headwall 1643:White Salmon Glacier 1562:, and inexperience. 1182:-rich compounds and 969:Columbia River Gorge 418:Wasco County, Oregon 378:Cascade Volcanic Arc 287:Cascade Volcanic Arc 12275:← George Washington 12158:Abigail Adams Smith 12113:American Revolution 12107:The American Museum 11952:Profiles in Courage 11864:U.S. Postage stamps 11849:John Adams Building 11659:Midnight Judges Act 11629:Indiana Organic Act 10425:Enterprise Services 10420:Employment Security 10231:Tourist attractions 10184:Indian reservations 9296:Mount Meager massif 8779:White Mountain Peak 8020:on 24 December 2013 7928:Volke, Bob (2011). 6378:. halleyhosting.com 6355:on 2 September 2012 6295:(second ed.). 5743:Luper, Kim (2013). 5259:on 13 December 2013 4319:Oregon spotted frog 4196:eastern brook trout 4131:. Jays such as the 3843:subalpine buttercup 3752:Microceris borealis 3684:California hazelnut 3680:Suksdorf's hawthorn 3262:Daily mean °F (°C) 3105:eco-region and the 2655:Harry Fielding Reid 2573:mercurial barometer 2224:. According to the 2175:U.S. Forest Service 1998:Pacific Crest Trail 1994:Pacific Crest Trail 1935:Easy glacier climb 1919:III, Class 3–4, AI2 1908:III, Class 3–4, AI2 1897:III, Class 3–4, AI2 1582: 1327:lavas, and several 926:Glaciers. Like the 397:Pacific Crest Trail 342:, is a potentially 130: / 12289:Thomas Jefferson → 12282:Thomas Jefferson → 12082:First Party System 11960:American Primitive 11665:Marbury v. Madison 11588:Convention of 1800 11463:Treaty of Alliance 11257:Mount Saint Helens 10608:Central Washington 10495:Retirement Systems 9476:Old Snowy Mountain 9426:Burroughs Mountain 9421:Little Tahoma Peak 9039:Sierra Blanca Peak 8949:Sovereign Mountain 8659:Shishaldin Volcano 8639:Mount Marcus Baker 8476:Harris, Stephen L. 6229:. pp. 56–76. 6227:Mountaineers Books 5745:"Trout Lake Caves" 5552:The New York Times 5496:. MountainZone.com 5062:"Mount Adams Area" 4860:Harris, Stephen L. 4256:White Salmon River 4141:Clark's nutcracker 4051: 3878: 3803:highbush cranberry 3775:magenta paintbrush 3758:Potentilla breweri 3712:tree in majestic, 3632:Western white pine 3608:Pacific silver fir 3576: 3057: 2990: 2882: 2832: 2730: 2619: 2330: 2314:Bridge of the Gods 2278:Bridge of the Gods 2226:Bridge of the Gods 2209: 2129: 2078: 2018: 1986: 1905:Klickitat Headwall 1578: 1533: 1385: 1263: 1220:White Salmon River 1208:Trout Lake Mudflow 1204: 1094:Juan de Fuca Plate 1081: 1010: 972: 881: 870:White Salmon River 851:White Salmon River 827: 764: 510:White Salmon River 502: 421: 65: NAVD 88 52:Highest point 12363:Cascade Volcanoes 12310: 12309: 12197:Charles Adams Sr. 12164:John Quincy Adams 12036:(2024 miniseries) 12028:(2015 miniseries) 11983:(1976 miniseries) 11838:List of memorials 11654:Treaty of Tripoli 11649:Treaty of Tellico 11446:Committee of Five 11276: 11275: 11101: 11100: 10853: 10852: 10667: 10666: 10571:Olympic Peninsula 10538: 10537: 10470:Natural Resources 10435:Fish and Wildlife 10093: 10092: 10011:Klickitat Glacier 9996:Avalanche Glacier 9942: 9941: 9813:Gearhart Mountain 9652:Crescent Mountain 9587:Boring Lava Field 9516:Sawtooth Mountain 9272:Cascade Volcanoes 9238: 9237: 9089:Flat Top Mountain 9064:North Schell Peak 8859:Mount San Antonio 8634:Mount Saint Elias 8619:Mount Fairweather 8489:978-0-87842-511-2 7438:The Seattle Times 7411:Ear to the Ground 7060:(December 1905). 6421:. Northwest Hiker 5424:Northwest Science 4327:rosy owl's-clover 4260:anadromous fishes 4153:Common mergansers 4113:great horned owls 3942:Douglas squirrels 3894:black-tailed deer 3811:purple cinquefoil 3795:mountain heathers 3779:arrowleaf ragwort 3730:Pacific Northwest 3596:Western red cedar 3554: 3553: 3053:lenticular clouds 2894:Pacific Northwest 2600:Claude Ewing Rusk 2577:aneroid barometer 2545:Johnson K. Duncan 2517:Thomas J. Farnham 2513:George Washington 2370:Cascade Mountains 2354:the Three Sisters 2274:Cascade Mountains 2254:Willamette Valley 2160:Winter recreation 1950: 1949: 1893:Klickitat Glacier 1628:Avalanche Glacier 1560:altitude sickness 1424:mountain climbing 1280:Klickitat Glacier 1153:pyroclastic flows 1098:Pacific Northwest 905:Klickitat Glacier 889:Klickitat Glacier 725:Olympic Mountains 693:Cascade Volcanoes 647:the Three Sisters 564:rivers have been 556:(Klickitat). The 416:Mount Adams from 329: 328: 67: 12405: 12299: 12298: 12233:Susanna Boylston 12223:(great-grandson) 12217:(great-grandson) 12211:(great-grandson) 12123:Founding Fathers 12072:Federalist Party 12012:2008 miniseries) 11492:Conference House 11480:Continental Navy 11379: 11367: 11355: 11347: 11339: 11328: 11303: 11296: 11289: 11280: 11279: 11267:Tiffany Mountain 11192:Buckner Mountain 11128: 11121: 11114: 11105: 11104: 11090: 11089: 11088: 11076: 11075: 11074: 10680: 10679: 10623:Okanogan Country 10613:Columbia Plateau 10581:San Juan Islands 10561:Kitsap Peninsula 10549: 10548: 10372:City governments 10310: 10309: 10120: 10113: 10106: 10097: 10096: 10031:Pinnacle Glacier 10001:Crescent Glacier 9969: 9962: 9955: 9946: 9945: 9914:Bumpass Mountain 9849:Rainbow Mountain 9768:Mount McLoughlin 9713:Howlock Mountain 9698:Newberry Volcano 9541:Trout Creek Hill 9496:Mount St. Helens 9436:Cowlitz Chimneys 9356:Hannegan caldera 9318: 9279:British Columbia 9265: 9258: 9251: 9242: 9241: 9124:Mount Timpanogos 9119:Carlisle Volcano 8944:Makushin Volcano 8894:Mount Washington 8884:Pogromni Volcano 8824:Mount Chiginagak 8704:Mount Veniaminof 8684:San Jacinto Peak 8585: 8578: 8571: 8562: 8561: 8557: 8555: 8554: 8545:. Archived from 8530: 8501: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8442: 8436: 8435: 8418: 8417: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8382: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8348: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8295: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8232:Slichter, Paul. 8229: 8218: 8217: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8165: 8150: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8129: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8065: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8010: 8001: 8000: 7982: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7925: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7894: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7872: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7849: 7840: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7812: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7758: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7722: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7640: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7614: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7584: 7575: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7540: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7520: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7484: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7402: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7379: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7360: 7340: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7315: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7224: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7159: 7150: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7054: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7009: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6927: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6899: 6890: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6859: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6830:The Mountaineers 6827: 6818: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6758: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6733:on June 16, 2016 6732: 6725: 6719:Brown, Shana R. 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6691: 6682: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6626: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6592: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6552: 6543: 6542: 6531:. Globe Pequot. 6524: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6440: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6374:Slichter, Paul. 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6330: 6315: 6314: 6297:The Mountaineers 6279: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6250: 6241: 6240: 6216: 6195: 6194: 6176: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6098: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6012: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5964: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5936: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5797: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5769:Slichter, Paul. 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5715: 5706: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5675: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5610: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5582: 5573: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5560: 5548: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5490: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5477: 5471: 5465:. Archived from 5464: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5439: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5395: 5378: 5377: 5355: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5318: 5305: 5304: 5290: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5249: 5240: 5239: 5220: 5201: 5200: 5181: 5168: 5167: 5157: 5148: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5102: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5081: 5058: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5012: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4980: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4895: 4886: 4885: 4856: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4805: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4762: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4697: 4682: 4681: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4630: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4613: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4553:10.5066/P9Z1HF1K 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4493: 4479: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4440: 4379: 4377:Volcanoes portal 4374: 4373: 4365: 4363:Mountains portal 4360: 4359: 4358: 4339:peregrine falcon 4125:downy woodpecker 4121:hairy woodpecker 4097:red-tailed hawks 3734:William Suksdorf 3668:black cottonwood 3660:Oregon white oak 3652:mountain juniper 3624:mountain hemlock 3620:Engelmann spruce 3137: 3136: 3055:over Mount Adams 2734:Edward Jay Allen 2583:(USGS), using a 2534:Isaac I. Stevens 2491:. In the 1830s, 2478:George Vancouver 2474:Mount St. Helens 2419:Plateau Penutian 2319:Mount St. Helens 2238:Mount St. Helens 2198:Albert Bierstadt 1870:Battlement Ridge 1667:Pinnacle Glacier 1583: 1581: 1577: 1387:Like many other 1335:Seismic activity 1298:shield volcanoes 1232:hydrogen sulfide 1192:Mount St. Helens 959:Surrounding area 866:Crescent Glacier 709:Mount St. Helens 684: 635:Mount St. Helens 574:power generation 425:Mount St. Helens 382:Mount St. Helens 321: 249:Mount Adams East 230: 188: 187: 181: 145: 144: 142: 141: 140: 135: 131: 128: 127: 126: 123: 63: 44: 21: 20: 12413: 12412: 12408: 12407: 12406: 12404: 12403: 12402: 12388:VEI-2 volcanoes 12313: 12312: 12311: 12306: 12265: 12255:daughter-in-law 12247:(second cousin) 12191:George W. Adams 12129: 12040: 12026:Sons of Liberty 11944:Popular culture 11939: 11906:President Adams 11873:(1783 painting) 11870:Treaty of Paris 11821: 11762: 11756: 11745:Founders Online 11707: 11544: 11513: 11441:May 15 preamble 11418:United Colonies 11389: 11388:Founding of the 11382: 11370: 11358: 11350: 11342: 11331: 11320: 11312: 11307: 11277: 11272: 11271: 11252:Remmel Mountain 11237:Dragontail Peak 11137: 11132: 11102: 11097: 11086: 11084: 11072: 11070: 11061: 10849: 10830:Greater Spokane 10825:Greater Seattle 10817: 10811: 10674: 10663: 10637: 10590: 10534: 10376: 10357:Ballot measures 10301: 10235: 10145: 10133: 10124: 10094: 10089: 10050: 10006:Gotchen Glacier 9982: 9973: 9943: 9938: 9919:Dittmar Volcano 9884:Burney Mountain 9859:Schonchin Butte 9822: 9808:Yamsay Mountain 9688:Tumalo Mountain 9672:Mount Multnomah 9642:Mount Jefferson 9597:Elk Rock Island 9575: 9546:Tumtum Mountain 9351:Kulshan caldera 9319: 9310: 9306:Mount Garibaldi 9274: 9269: 9239: 9234: 9233: 9219:Korovin Volcano 9189:Chiricahua Peak 9084:Veniaminof Peak 8964:Isanotski Peaks 8749:Mount Tom White 8724:Iliamna Volcano 8694:Charleston Peak 8664:Redoubt Volcano 8624:Mount Blackburn 8594: 8589: 8552: 8550: 8533: 8511: 8508: 8490: 8471: 8469:Further reading 8466: 8465: 8455: 8453: 8444: 8443: 8439: 8424: 8415: 8413: 8409: 8399: 8397: 8384: 8383: 8374: 8364: 8362: 8350: 8349: 8342: 8332: 8330: 8322: 8321: 8317: 8307: 8305: 8298:The Mountaineer 8293: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8256: 8252: 8242: 8240: 8230: 8221: 8202: 8198: 8188: 8186: 8177: 8176: 8172: 8163: 8161: 8152: 8151: 8147: 8137: 8135: 8131: 8130: 8121: 8111: 8109: 8087: 8083: 8073: 8071: 8067: 8066: 8059: 8049: 8047: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8014:"Big Tree Loop" 8012: 8011: 8004: 7997: 7983: 7974: 7964: 7962: 7954: 7953: 7949: 7939: 7937: 7926: 7913: 7903: 7901: 7896: 7895: 7891: 7881: 7879: 7874: 7873: 7866: 7856: 7854: 7847: 7841: 7834: 7824: 7822: 7814: 7813: 7806: 7796: 7794: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7774: 7772: 7760: 7759: 7746: 7736: 7734: 7723: 7719: 7710: 7708: 7695: 7694: 7690: 7680: 7678: 7668: 7664: 7654: 7652: 7641: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7615: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7587:The Mountaineer 7582: 7576: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7549:Forest Lookouts 7541: 7534: 7524: 7522: 7518: 7512: 7508: 7498: 7496: 7485: 7481: 7471: 7469: 7458: 7454: 7444: 7442: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7416: 7414: 7403: 7396: 7386: 7384: 7377: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7358: 7356: 7341: 7337: 7327: 7325: 7318:The Mountaineer 7313: 7307: 7303: 7293: 7291: 7281: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7250: 7246: 7236: 7234: 7227:The Mountaineer 7222: 7216: 7212: 7202: 7200: 7185: 7181: 7171: 7169: 7162:The Mountaineer 7157: 7151: 7142: 7132: 7130: 7120: 7116: 7106: 7104: 7089: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7055: 7048: 7038: 7036: 7021: 7017: 7007: 7005: 6990: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6943: 6928: 6921: 6911: 6909: 6902:The Mountaineer 6897: 6891: 6880: 6871: 6869: 6861: 6860: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6825: 6819: 6810: 6800: 6798: 6787:"Mountain Lore" 6785: 6784: 6780: 6770: 6768: 6761:The Mountaineer 6756: 6750: 6746: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6723: 6717: 6713: 6703: 6701: 6694:The Mountaineer 6689: 6683: 6679: 6669: 6667: 6652: 6648: 6638: 6636: 6629:The Mountaineer 6624: 6618: 6614: 6604: 6602: 6595:The Mountaineer 6590: 6584: 6580: 6570: 6568: 6553: 6546: 6539: 6525: 6521: 6512: 6510: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6483: 6481: 6467: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6442: 6441: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6402: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6331: 6318: 6311: 6287:Manning, Harvey 6280: 6273: 6263: 6261: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6217: 6198: 6191: 6177: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6113: 6099: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6073: 6072: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6051:Barker, Brian. 6049: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6024: 6023: 6019: 6010: 6008: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5966: 5965: 5958: 5948: 5946: 5938: 5937: 5930: 5920: 5918: 5906: 5905: 5901: 5890: 5886: 5877: 5875: 5861: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5827: 5823: 5814: 5812: 5798: 5789: 5779: 5777: 5767: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5741: 5737: 5727: 5725: 5713: 5707: 5703: 5693: 5691: 5676: 5669: 5659: 5657: 5642: 5638: 5628: 5626: 5611: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5585:The Mountaineer 5580: 5574: 5567: 5558: 5556: 5546: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5528: 5526: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5499: 5497: 5492: 5491: 5484: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5416: 5412: 5404: 5396: 5381: 5374: 5356: 5349: 5339: 5337: 5319: 5308: 5291: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5251: 5250: 5243: 5221: 5204: 5182: 5171: 5160:The Mountaineer 5155: 5149: 5142: 5133: 5131: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5088: 5079: 5077: 5060: 5059: 5042: 5033: 5031: 5014: 5013: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4978: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4950:Paddling Oregon 4945: 4941: 4933: 4927: 4923: 4916:10.3133/sim3315 4896: 4889: 4874: 4857: 4830: 4821: 4819: 4807: 4806: 4797: 4788: 4786: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4760: 4758: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4724: 4720: 4710: 4708: 4699: 4698: 4685: 4678: 4660: 4656: 4647: 4645: 4631: 4620: 4611: 4609: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4586: 4584: 4570: 4563: 4534: 4530: 4521: 4519: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4491: 4489: 4481: 4480: 4473: 4464: 4462: 4442: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4254:, falls on the 4216:High Lakes Area 4212:cutthroat trout 4161:American dipper 3946:least chipmunks 3867: 3700:blue elderberry 3592:Western hemlock 3565: 3560: 3558:Flora and fauna 3555: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3000:since 1982 and 2994:climate records 2982: 2945: 2860:Gifford Pinchot 2824: 2805:Native American 2790:similar to the 2429:), Pahto means 2415: 2307:), sons of the 2301:Mount Multnomah 2293:Rocky Mountains 2262:Columbia Rivers 2228:tale, Wy'east ( 2214: 2191: 2162: 2150:National Forest 2067: 2055:Gifford Pinchot 1955: 1848:IV-V, Class 4–5 1680:Northwest Ridge 1616:Southwest Chute 1579: 1572: 1525: 1377: 1363: 1355:seismic station 1313:Klickitat River 1073: 961: 913:Klickitat River 862:Gotchen Glacier 843:glacial cirques 756: 735: 730: 729: 728: 701:Mount Jefferson 690: 685: 659: 643:Mount Jefferson 554:erosion control 518:Klickitat River 410: 405: 319: 228: 216:Skamania County 203: 202: 201: 200: 199: 196: 195: 194: 193: 189: 138: 136: 132: 129: 124: 121: 119: 117: 116: 106: 47: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12411: 12401: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12308: 12307: 12305: 12304: 12291: 12290: 12286: 12285: 12278: 12270: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12263: 12262: 12261: 12256: 12248: 12242: 12236: 12230: 12227:John Adams Sr. 12224: 12218: 12212: 12206: 12200: 12194: 12188: 12182: 12176: 12175: 12174: 12169: 12161: 12155: 12154: 12153: 12148: 12139: 12137: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12127: 12126: 12125: 12120: 12110: 12103: 12096: 12091: 12090: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12077:Federalist Era 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12048: 12046: 12042: 12041: 12039: 12038: 12030: 12022: 12014: 12009: 12001: 11997:Liberty's Kids 11993: 11985: 11977: 11972: 11964: 11956: 11947: 11945: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11937: 11932: 11924: 11919: 11910: 11901: 11892: 11883: 11874: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11843:Adams Memorial 11840: 11835: 11829: 11827: 11823: 11822: 11820: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11798: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11772: 11766: 11764: 11758: 11757: 11755: 11754: 11747: 11742: 11735: 11728: 11727: 11726: 11715: 11713: 11712:Other writings 11709: 11708: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11669: 11668: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11620: 11619: 11609: 11608: 11607: 11597: 11592: 11591: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11560: 11554: 11552: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11521: 11519: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11495: 11494: 11484: 11483: 11482: 11472: 11467: 11466: 11465: 11460: 11450: 11449: 11448: 11443: 11433: 11428: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11394: 11392: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11380: 11368: 11356: 11348: 11340: 11329: 11317: 11314: 11313: 11306: 11305: 11298: 11291: 11283: 11274: 11273: 11270: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11202:Mount Spickard 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11182:Goode Mountain 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11143: 11142: 11139: 11138: 11131: 11130: 11123: 11116: 11108: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11095: 11081: 11066: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10863: 10861: 10855: 10854: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10821: 10819: 10813: 10812: 10810: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10727:Spokane Valley 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10683: 10677: 10669: 10668: 10665: 10664: 10662: 10661: 10659:Columbia River 10656: 10654:Columbia Gorge 10651: 10645: 10643: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10604: 10602: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10557: 10555: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10536: 10535: 10533: 10532: 10527: 10525:Transportation 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10410:Early Learning 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10386: 10384: 10382:State agencies 10378: 10377: 10375: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10318: 10316: 10307: 10303: 10302: 10300: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10243: 10241: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10187: 10186: 10176: 10171: 10169:Municipalities 10166: 10164:Climate change 10161: 10155: 10153: 10147: 10146: 10138: 10135: 10134: 10123: 10122: 10115: 10108: 10100: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10055: 10052: 10051: 10049: 10048: 10043: 10041:Wilson Glacier 10038: 10033: 10028: 10026:Mazama Glacier 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9972: 9971: 9964: 9957: 9949: 9940: 9939: 9937: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9830: 9828: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9773:Brown Mountain 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9753:Applegate Peak 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9720: 9718:Mount Thielsen 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9693:Mount Bachelor 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9622:Larch Mountain 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9592:Mount Sylvania 9589: 9583: 9581: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9573: 9568: 9566:Greenleaf Peak 9563: 9561:Table Mountain 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9406:Cathedral Rock 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9336:Sherman Crater 9333: 9327: 9325: 9321: 9320: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9282: 9280: 9276: 9275: 9268: 9267: 9260: 9253: 9245: 9236: 9235: 9232: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9019:Mount Wrangell 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8939:Tanaga Volcano 8936: 8931: 8929:Mount Natazhat 8926: 8921: 8919:Humphreys Peak 8916: 8911: 8909:Mount Mitchell 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8874:Telescope Peak 8871: 8866: 8864:Kichatna Spire 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8834:Sacajawea Peak 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8809:Mount Hesperus 8806: 8804:Mount Vsevidof 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8699:Pavlof Volcano 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8588: 8587: 8580: 8573: 8565: 8559: 8558: 8531: 8507: 8506:External links 8504: 8503: 8502: 8488: 8470: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8437: 8407: 8372: 8340: 8315: 8281: 8250: 8219: 8196: 8170: 8145: 8119: 8094:Howell, Thomas 8081: 8057: 8031: 8002: 7996:978-0977628513 7995: 7972: 7947: 7911: 7889: 7864: 7832: 7804: 7782: 7744: 7717: 7688: 7670:Kamstra, Rex. 7662: 7635: 7604: 7561: 7532: 7506: 7479: 7452: 7424: 7394: 7366: 7335: 7301: 7275: 7244: 7210: 7179: 7140: 7122:Dodge, Orvil. 7114: 7083: 7046: 7015: 6984: 6953: 6919: 6878: 6847: 6808: 6778: 6744: 6711: 6677: 6646: 6612: 6578: 6544: 6537: 6519: 6490: 6461: 6432: 6410: 6389: 6366: 6340: 6316: 6309: 6271: 6259:SummitPost.org 6242: 6235: 6196: 6189: 6152: 6126: 6111: 6088: 6066: 6043: 6017: 5984: 5972:Wilderness.net 5956: 5928: 5899: 5884: 5852: 5821: 5787: 5761: 5735: 5701: 5667: 5636: 5619:The West Shore 5602: 5565: 5535: 5506: 5482: 5451: 5410: 5379: 5372: 5347: 5306: 5270: 5241: 5234:. Denver, CO: 5202: 5195:. Denver, CO: 5169: 5140: 5118: 5086: 5040: 4996: 4966: 4959: 4939: 4921: 4887: 4872: 4828: 4795: 4767: 4738: 4718: 4683: 4676: 4654: 4618: 4593: 4561: 4537:USGS Volcanoes 4528: 4498: 4487:Peakbagger.com 4471: 4448:NGS Data Sheet 4431: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4421: 4420: 4419: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4402: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4366: 4350: 4347: 4335:Mardon skipper 4315:sandhill crane 4264:Chinook salmon 4252:Cowlitz Rivers 4009:painted ladies 3886:mountain goats 3882:hoofed mammals 3866: 3863: 3857:, and various 3847:Sitka valerian 3710:ponderosa pine 3656:big leaf maple 3628:whitebark pine 3604:lodgepole pine 3600:ponderosa pine 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3473: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3135: 2981: 2978: 2958:Forest Service 2944: 2941: 2923:Forest Service 2886:Forest Service 2844:Forest Service 2823: 2820: 2753:Wilson Glacier 2684:Little Ice Age 2493:Hall J. Kelley 2447:Klickitat name 2414: 2411: 2222:Columbia River 2213: 2210: 2190: 2187: 2161: 2158: 2090:Horseshoe Lake 2066: 2063: 2030:Mazama Glacier 2026:glacial valley 2014:Mazama Glacier 1954: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1928:Mazama Glacier 1924: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1884:III, Class 3–4 1882: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1873:III, Class 3–4 1871: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1822:Wilson Glacier 1818: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1730:III, Class 4–5 1728: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1587: 1571: 1568: 1524: 1521: 1463:Horseshoe Lake 1362: 1359: 1290:volcanic field 1072: 1069: 1065:volcanic field 987:shield volcano 960: 957: 897:Wilson Glacier 885:Mazama Glacier 812:Carbon Glacier 755: 752: 734: 731: 687: 686: 679: 678: 677: 658: 655: 633:to the north, 593:Columbia River 433:Columbia River 409: 406: 404: 401: 327: 326: 323: 315: 314: 311: 305: 304: 300: 299: 296: 290: 289: 284: 278: 277: 272: 266: 265: 262: 256: 255: 251: 250: 244: 238: 237: 232: 224: 223: 209: 205: 204: 197: 191: 190: 183: 182: 176: 175: 174: 173: 172: 169: 168: 164: 163: 158: 152: 151: 147: 146: 114: 108: 107: 105: 104: 97: 95: 89: 88: 85: 79: 78: 75: 69: 68: 60: 54: 53: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12410: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12368:Cascade Range 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12303: 12302: 12293: 12292: 12288: 12287: 12284: 12283: 12279: 12277: 12276: 12272: 12271: 12268: 12260: 12257: 12254: 12253: 12252: 12249: 12246: 12243: 12240: 12237: 12234: 12231: 12228: 12225: 12222: 12219: 12216: 12213: 12210: 12209:John Q. Adams 12207: 12204: 12203:John Adams II 12201: 12198: 12195: 12192: 12189: 12186: 12183: 12180: 12179:Charles Adams 12177: 12173: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12162: 12159: 12156: 12152: 12151:Quincy family 12149: 12146: 12145: 12144: 12143:Abigail Adams 12141: 12140: 12138: 12136: 12132: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12115: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12108: 12104: 12102: 12101: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12088: 12087:republicanism 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12074: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12067:Congress Hall 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12049: 12047: 12043: 12037: 12035: 12031: 12029: 12027: 12023: 12021: 12019: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12006: 12002: 12000: 11998: 11994: 11992: 11990: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11970:(1969 musical 11969: 11965: 11963: 11961: 11957: 11955: 11954:(1964 series) 11953: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11942: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11917: 11916: 11911: 11908: 11907: 11902: 11899: 11898: 11893: 11890: 11889: 11884: 11881: 11880: 11875: 11872: 11871: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11824: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11796: 11795:Stone Library 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11759: 11753: 11752: 11751:Gray v. Pitts 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11740: 11736: 11734: 11733: 11729: 11725: 11722: 11721: 11720: 11717: 11716: 11714: 11710: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11667: 11666: 11662: 11661: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11618: 11615: 11614: 11613: 11610: 11606: 11603: 11602: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11555: 11553: 11551: 11547: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11522: 11520: 11516: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11493: 11490: 11489: 11488: 11485: 11481: 11478: 11477: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11455: 11454: 11451: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11438: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11425: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11395: 11393: 11391: 11390:United States 11385: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11349: 11345: 11341: 11337: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11323: 11319: 11318: 11315: 11311: 11304: 11299: 11297: 11292: 11290: 11285: 11284: 11281: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11232:Eldorado Peak 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11212:Mount Redoubt 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11197:Jack Mountain 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11187:Mount Shuksan 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11147:Mount Rainier 11145: 11144: 11140: 11136: 11129: 11124: 11122: 11117: 11115: 11110: 11109: 11106: 11094: 11093: 11082: 11080: 11079: 11068: 11067: 11064: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10856: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10814: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10684: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10670: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10649:Cascade Range 10647: 10646: 10644: 10640: 10634: 10633:Yakima Valley 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10618:Methow Valley 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10587: 10586:Skagit Valley 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10558: 10556: 10554: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10541: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10379: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10311: 10308: 10304: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10180: 10179:Federal lands 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10148: 10143: 10142: 10136: 10132: 10128: 10121: 10116: 10114: 10109: 10107: 10102: 10101: 10098: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10056: 10053: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10021:Lyman Glacier 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9991:Adams Glacier 9989: 9988: 9985: 9981: 9977: 9970: 9965: 9963: 9958: 9956: 9951: 9950: 9947: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9894:Snow Mountain 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9869:Modoc Plateau 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9825: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9788:Roxy Ann Peak 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9763:Pelican Butte 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9738:Wizard Island 9736: 9734: 9731: 9728: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674:(unvalidated) 9673: 9670: 9668: 9667:Three Sisters 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9657:Iron Mountain 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9637:Olallie Butte 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9582: 9578: 9572: 9571:Wind Mountain 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9506:Indian Heaven 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9416:Mount Rainier 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9366:Ruth Mountain 9364: 9362: 9361:Hannegan Peak 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9322: 9317: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9266: 9261: 9259: 9254: 9252: 9247: 9246: 9243: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9204:Mount Augusta 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9184:Mount Gareloi 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9164:Mount Deborah 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9099:Mount Steller 9097: 9095: 9094:Bearhole Peak 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9074:Mount Foresta 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9059:Snowshoe Peak 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9049:Mount Russell 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9034:Mount Seattle 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9014:McDonald Peak 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8934:Hanagita Peak 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8899:Mount Igikpak 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8854:Mount Douglas 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8839:Mount Neacola 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8784:Mount Crillon 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8774:Mount Foraker 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8764:Mount Kimball 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8744:Mount Sanford 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8729:Mount Olympus 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8714:Mount Hubbard 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8679:Mount Torbert 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8644:Mount Whitney 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8614:Mount Rainier 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8586: 8581: 8579: 8574: 8572: 8567: 8566: 8563: 8549:on 2004-10-12 8548: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8513:"Mount Adams" 8510: 8509: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8472: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8433: 8429: 8428: 8422: 8411: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8347: 8345: 8329: 8325: 8319: 8303: 8299: 8292: 8285: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8254: 8239: 8235: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8200: 8184: 8180: 8174: 8159: 8158:The Oregonian 8155: 8149: 8134: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8085: 8070: 8064: 8062: 8046: 8045:The Oregonian 8042: 8035: 8019: 8015: 8009: 8007: 7998: 7992: 7988: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7961: 7957: 7951: 7935: 7931: 7930:"Mount Adams" 7924: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7899: 7898:"Glenwood #2" 7893: 7877: 7871: 7869: 7853: 7846: 7839: 7837: 7821: 7817: 7811: 7809: 7792: 7786: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7732: 7728: 7721: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7677: 7673: 7666: 7650: 7646: 7643:Kresek, Ray. 7639: 7624: 7620: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7592: 7588: 7581: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7550: 7546: 7545:"Mount Adams" 7543:Kemnow, Ron. 7539: 7537: 7517: 7514:Kresek, Ray. 7510: 7494: 7490: 7483: 7467: 7463: 7456: 7440: 7439: 7434: 7428: 7412: 7408: 7401: 7399: 7383: 7376: 7370: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7339: 7323: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7290: 7286: 7279: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7248: 7232: 7228: 7221: 7214: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7183: 7167: 7163: 7156: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7129: 7125: 7118: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7087: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7053: 7051: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7019: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6988: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6926: 6924: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6835: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6782: 6766: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6699: 6695: 6688: 6681: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6650: 6634: 6630: 6623: 6616: 6600: 6596: 6589: 6582: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6551: 6549: 6540: 6538:0-7627-3072-2 6534: 6530: 6523: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6449: 6445: 6439: 6437: 6420: 6414: 6399: 6393: 6377: 6370: 6354: 6350: 6344: 6336: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6312: 6310:0-89886-301-5 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6276: 6260: 6256: 6255:"Mount Adams" 6249: 6247: 6238: 6236:0-89886-577-8 6232: 6228: 6224: 6223: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6192: 6186: 6182: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6112:9780762777969 6108: 6104: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6076: 6070: 6054: 6047: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6007:on 2010-11-09 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5961: 5945: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5895: 5894:The Oregonian 5888: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5857: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5750: 5749:Oregon Grotto 5746: 5739: 5723: 5719: 5712: 5705: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5672: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5640: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5607: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5572: 5570: 5554: 5553: 5545: 5539: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5510: 5495: 5489: 5487: 5472:on 2008-12-17 5468: 5461: 5455: 5447: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5414: 5403: 5402: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5375: 5373:0-521-43811-X 5369: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5352: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5324:(July 1906). 5323: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5302: 5298: 5297: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5258: 5254: 5248: 5246: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5165: 5161: 5154: 5153:"Mount Adams" 5147: 5145: 5129: 5122: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5076:on 2016-02-04 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5030:on 2016-01-13 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4984: 4977: 4970: 4962: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4943: 4932: 4925: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4894: 4892: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4873:9780878425112 4869: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4728: 4722: 4707:on 2008-04-24 4706: 4702: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4679: 4677:0-521-43811-X 4673: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4608:on 2008-05-11 4607: 4603: 4597: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4508: 4502: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4476: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4444:"Mount Adams" 4439: 4437: 4432: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4367: 4364: 4353: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4200:rainbow trout 4197: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4177:ruffed grouse 4174: 4170: 4167:species, the 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4133:Steller's jay 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4077:. One unique 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4013:garden whites 4010: 4006: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3975: 3974:snowshoe hare 3971: 3967: 3966:Hoary marmots 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3890:Roosevelt elk 3887: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3799:bog blueberry 3796: 3792: 3791:monkeyflowers 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3738:Thomas Howell 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3720: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3696:Douglas maple 3693: 3689: 3688:bitter cherry 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3664:quaking aspen 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3640:Western larch 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3616:subalpine fir 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3573: 3569: 3548: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3479: 3474: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3405: 3404:precipitation 3400: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3146: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3072:precipitation 3069: 3065: 3063: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3027: 3026:snow stations 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2998:precipitation 2995: 2986: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2949:mining claims 2940: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2884:In 1916, the 2878: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2828: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2726: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2585:triangulation 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497:Cascade Range 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2326: 2322: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2184: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2118:Cispus Rivers 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2082:Takhlakh Lake 2075: 2074:Adams Glacier 2071: 2062: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1983: 1982:Adams Glacier 1978: 1974: 1972: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1845:Victory Ridge 1844: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1797:Lyman Glacier 1795: 1794: 1790: 1788:II, Class 2–3 1787: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1763:Headwall West 1762: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1752:II, Class 2–3 1751: 1749:North Cleaver 1748: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1716:Adams Glacier 1715: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1703:Adams Glacier 1701: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1596: 1592: 1584: 1576: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1529: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1455:Takhlakh Lake 1452: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1287:Indian Heaven 1283: 1281: 1276: 1275:Little Tahoma 1272: 1268: 1259: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1124:, consist of 1123: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1077: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062:Indian Heaven 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1026:stratovolcano 1023: 1018: 1014: 1006: 1002: 999: 994: 992: 988: 985: 981: 977: 970: 965: 956: 952: 950: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 928:Adams Glacier 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 899:. During the 898: 894: 890: 886: 877: 873: 871: 867: 863: 858: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 823: 819: 817: 816:Mount Rainier 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 792:Adams Glacier 788: 786: 782: 778: 774: 769: 760: 751: 747: 743: 740: 726: 722: 718: 714: 713:Mount Rainier 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 683: 676: 674: 669: 665: 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 623:Mount Rainier 620: 619:Cascade Range 615: 612: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 577: 575: 571: 570:flood control 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 529: 527: 523: 522:Cowlitz River 519: 515: 511: 507: 498: 494: 492: 488: 487:Cascade Range 483: 481: 480:Cascade Range 477: 472: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 429:Mount Rainier 426: 419: 414: 400: 398: 393: 391: 390:Yakama Nation 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 366: 364: 363:Mount Rainier 360: 356: 352: 351:Cascade Range 348: 347:stratovolcano 345: 341: 337: 333: 324: 322: 320:Easiest route 316: 312: 310: 306: 301: 297: 295: 294:Last eruption 291: 288: 285: 283: 279: 276: 275:Stratovolcano 273: 271: 270:Mountain type 267: 263: 261: 257: 252: 248: 245: 243: 239: 236: 235:Cascade Range 233: 231: 225: 221: 217: 213: 212:Yakama Nation 210: 206: 180: 170: 165: 162: 159: 157: 153: 148: 143: 115: 113: 109: 102: 99: 98: 96: 94: 90: 86: 84: 80: 76: 74: 70: 66: 61: 59: 55: 50: 43: 38: 35: 31: 27: 22: 19: 12294: 12280: 12273: 12251:Louisa Adams 12245:Samuel Adams 12221:Brooks Adams 12135:Adams family 12105: 12098: 12033: 12025: 12017: 12004: 11996: 11988: 11980: 11967: 11959: 11951: 11929: 11914: 11905: 11896: 11887: 11878: 11868: 11833:Bibliography 11749: 11737: 11730: 11663: 11558:Inauguration 11470:Board of War 11453:Model Treaty 11423: 11177:Mount Fernow 11172:Mount Stuart 11167:Bonanza Peak 11162:Glacier Peak 11151: 11083: 11069: 10992:Pend Oreille 10932:Grays Harbor 10816:Metropolitan 10515:State Patrol 10327:Constitution 10287:Homelessness 10267:Demographics 10139: 10036:Rusk Glacier 10016:Lava Glacier 9979: 9904:Mount Tehama 9899:Latour Butte 9874:Brushy Butte 9834:Mount Shasta 9818:Yainax Butte 9798:Grizzly Peak 9758:Rustler Peak 9748:Hillman Peak 9743:Phantom Ship 9723:Mount Mazama 9708:Mount Bailey 9703:Diamond Peak 9526:Big Lava Bed 9500: 9491:Spiral Butte 9471:Gilbert Peak 9441:Old Desolate 9431:Banshee Peak 9401:Mount Daniel 9396:Mount Hinman 9381:Glacier Peak 9376:Mount Terror 9341:Black Buttes 9301:Mount Cayley 9179:Mount Lemmon 9129:Bashful Peak 9114:Mount Miller 9104:Mount Stuart 9069:Hayford Peak 9024:South Sister 8979:Isthmus Peak 8969:Deseret Peak 8869:De Long Peak 8849:Mount Graham 8799:Gannett Peak 8769:Mount Griggs 8759:Glacier Peak 8754:Wheeler Peak 8708: 8669:Mount Elbert 8654:Mount Shasta 8551:. Retrieved 8547:the original 8538: 8516: 8479: 8456:February 18, 8454:. Retrieved 8449: 8440: 8426: 8410: 8400:February 18, 8398:. Retrieved 8394:the original 8389: 8365:February 18, 8363:. Retrieved 8355: 8333:February 18, 8331:. Retrieved 8327: 8318: 8308:February 18, 8306:. Retrieved 8301: 8297: 8284: 8274:February 18, 8272:. Retrieved 8267: 8263: 8253: 8243:February 18, 8241:. Retrieved 8237: 8209: 8199: 8189:February 18, 8187:. Retrieved 8182: 8173: 8162:. Retrieved 8160:. 2009-06-25 8157: 8148: 8138:February 18, 8136:. Retrieved 8112:February 17, 8110:. Retrieved 8105: 8101: 8084: 8072:. Retrieved 8048:. Retrieved 8044: 8034: 8022:. Retrieved 8018:the original 7986: 7963:. Retrieved 7959: 7950: 7940:February 18, 7938:. Retrieved 7933: 7904:February 18, 7902:. Retrieved 7892: 7882:February 18, 7880:. Retrieved 7857:February 18, 7855:. Retrieved 7851: 7825:February 18, 7823:. Retrieved 7795:. Retrieved 7785: 7775:February 18, 7773:. Retrieved 7765: 7737:February 18, 7735:. 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Retrieved 5474:. Retrieved 5467:the original 5454: 5427: 5423: 5413: 5400: 5359: 5340:February 17, 5338:. Retrieved 5333: 5329: 5303:–43, 89–104. 5295: 5261:. Retrieved 5257:the original 5227: 5188: 5163: 5159: 5132:. Retrieved 5121: 5109:. Retrieved 5078:. Retrieved 5074:the original 5065: 5032:. Retrieved 5028:the original 5019: 4987:. Retrieved 4985:. p. 46 4969: 4949: 4942: 4924: 4903: 4863: 4820:. Retrieved 4812: 4787:. Retrieved 4779: 4770: 4759:. Retrieved 4757:. 2008-06-24 4750: 4741: 4730:. Retrieved 4721: 4709:. Retrieved 4705:the original 4663: 4657: 4646:. Retrieved 4638: 4610:. Retrieved 4606:the original 4596: 4585:. Retrieved 4577: 4556: 4531: 4520:. Retrieved 4510: 4501: 4490:. Retrieved 4486: 4463:. Retrieved 4447: 4280: 4244:Cispus River 4236:Lewis Rivers 4185: 4090: 4052: 4037:fritillaries 4017:swallowtails 3998: 3992: 3978: 3962:pine martens 3879: 3874:Hoary marmot 3835:partrigefoot 3756: 3750: 3743:tall bugbane 3723: 3719:pine beetles 3704: 3648:Alaska cedar 3636:Sitka spruce 3577: 3406:inches (mm) 3141: 3089: 3068:Temperatures 3066: 3058: 3031: 3004:since 1989. 3002:temperatures 2991: 2946: 2916: 2900:and 1916 on 2890:fire lookout 2883: 2864: 2833: 2811: 2809: 2794:produced in 2773: 2745:ice cascades 2742: 2731: 2719:Diamond Peak 2689:On the 1895 2688: 2652:glaciologist 2620: 2598: 2549:George Gibbs 2538: 2520: 2482: 2463: 2458: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2416: 2383: 2374:thunderbirds 2372:, there are 2367: 2362:Great Spirit 2331: 2309:Great Spirit 2282: 2242: 2234:Great Spirit 2215: 2201: 2179: 2167:snowmobilers 2163: 2147: 2140: 2133: 2130: 2086:Olallie Lake 2079: 2059: 2039: 2019: 1987: 1967: 1956: 1857:Rusk Glacier 1761:Lava Glacier 1573: 1534: 1490: 1483: 1459:Ollalie Lake 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10196:Earthquakes 9980:Mount Adams 9924:Mount Maidu 9909:Lassen Peak 9778:Aspen Butte 9727:Crater Lake 9612:Mount Tabor 9536:West Crater 9501:Mount Adams 9486:Tieton Peak 9456:Fifes Peaks 9391:Dishpan Gap 9331:Mount Baker 9224:Miller Peak 9209:Copper Peak 9169:Necons Peak 9159:Lassen Peak 9149:Tetlin Peak 9134:Ibapah Peak 9109:Blanca Peak 8984:Frosty Peak 8959:Mount Ellen 8914:Truuli Peak 8879:Mount Peale 8829:Grand Teton 8709:Mount Adams 8674:Mount Baker 8629:Mount Hayes 8074:18 February 7965:January 12, 6283:Spring, Ira 5263:13 December 4989:January 31, 4711:10 December 4268:coho salmon 4220:tiger trout 4208:Brown trout 4157:water birds 4105:bald eagles 4000:Coenonympha 3985:butterflies 3981:pollinators 3676:dwarf birch 3644:Pacific yew 3588:Douglas fir 3099:eco-regions 3096:level three 3076:continental 3006:Temperature 2943:Sulfur mine 2937:fire danger 2788:bleu cheese 2784:Cheese Cave 2738:Naches Pass 2695:heliography 2604:mountaineer 2521:Mount Adams 2439:standing up 2413:Exploration 2034:cinder cone 1862:IV, Class 4 1837:IV, Class 4 1777:II, Class 4 1766:II, Class 4 1741:II, Class 4 1705:to NW Ridge 1672:II, Class 4 1471:motorcycles 1420:backpacking 1405:photography 1315:, lies the 1212:debris flow 1176:iron oxides 1105:Pleistocene 1046:Cheese Cave 998:Pleistocene 991:cinder cone 855:Lewis River 717:Mount Baker 673:Pleistocene 664:Pikers Peak 657:Summit area 627:Mount Baker 589:Highway 141 506:Lewis River 332:Mount Adams 260:Age of rock 192:Mount Adams 137: / 125:121°29′27″W 112:Coordinates 24:Mount Adams 12317:Categories 12259:first lady 12205:(grandson) 12199:(grandson) 12193:(grandson) 12172:presidency 12160:(daughter) 12007:(2001 book 12005:John Adams 11975:1972 film) 11915:John Adams 11888:John Adams 11845:(proposed) 11790:Peacefield 11568:XYZ Affair 11550:Presidency 11310:John Adams 11247:Mount Lago 11207:Black Peak 10772:Marysville 10747:Bellingham 10314:Government 10131:Washington 10058:See also: 9929:Mount Yana 9889:Magee Peak 9827:California 9803:Pilot Rock 9683:Ball Butte 9678:Broken Top 9627:Mount Hood 9521:Lemei Rock 9511:Lone Butte 9466:Goat Rocks 9324:Washington 9214:Mount Bear 9199:Mount Eddy 9194:Stony Peak 9054:Mount Nebo 9044:Pikes Peak 9029:Devils Paw 9004:Puʻu Kukui 8994:Crazy Peak 8989:Pilot Peak 8924:Borah Peak 8904:Snow Tower 8889:Dewey Peak 8844:Kings Peak 8819:Mount Drum 8814:Mount Bona 8794:Cloud Peak 8739:Mount Hood 8734:Mount Cook 8719:Mount Isto 8553:2008-08-08 8498:2005015629 8164:2009-06-25 7731:OregonLive 7711:2016-03-21 7655:January 2, 7472:January 2, 6872:2008-12-21 6513:2008-08-04 6484:2008-08-04 6477:(Report). 6299:. p. 6190:0916890627 6121:2012010766 6011:2008-08-06 5878:2008-08-04 5871:(Report). 5815:2008-08-04 5808:(Report). 5559:2008-08-11 5529:2008-08-04 5500:2008-12-21 5476:2008-08-04 5134:2012-06-24 5080:2016-02-17 5034:2016-02-17 4981:(Report). 4960:1560445335 4882:2005015629 4822:2008-12-21 4789:2008-08-06 4761:2008-08-06 4732:2012-05-21 4648:2008-08-04 4641:(Report). 4612:2008-12-21 4587:2008-08-04 4580:(Report). 4522:2020-09-22 4492:2008-10-16 4465:2008-10-16 4427:References 4317:, and the 4313:, greater 4311:bald eagle 4228:Bull trout 4137:Canada jay 4061:, several 4005:snowflakes 3983:including 3916:, and the 3906:black bear 3859:buckwheats 3837:, Cascade 3783:penstemons 3714:old growth 3692:vine maple 3081:Trout Lake 3042:snow depth 3038:Washington 3014:Trout Lake 2917:After the 2902:St. Helens 2898:Mount Hood 2838:under the 2800:Klickitats 2780:The Dalles 2749:C. E. Rusk 2703:Mount Hood 2567:. Using a 2509:John Adams 2505:Mount Hood 2485:St. Helens 2398:St. Helens 2346:St. Helens 2338:Goat Rocks 2285:Klickitats 2249:The Dalles 2230:Mount Hood 2183:Washington 2094:Adams Fork 2051:lava flows 1963:waterfalls 1785:Lava Ridge 1658:I, Class 2 1655:West Ridge 1641:Avalanche- 1586:Route Name 1556:avalanches 1513:Mount Hood 1505:picnicking 1436:lava flows 1428:equestrian 1365:See also: 1361:Recreation 1343:Washington 1306:Lemei Rock 1252:landslides 1134:brecciated 1126:lava flows 1058:Trout Lake 1030:Goat Rocks 980:Goat Rocks 895:, and the 705:Mount Hood 639:Mount Hood 609:Trout Lake 597:Trout Lake 585:Highway 12 576:purposes. 536:water for 534:irrigation 532:essential 526:Riffe Lake 437:Mount Hood 374:John Adams 372:President 359:Washington 220:Washington 198:Washington 161:John Adams 122:46°12′09″N 73:Prominence 12241:(brother) 11518:Elections 11509:Diplomacy 11242:Oval Peak 11222:Dome Peak 11037:Wahkiakum 11017:Snohomish 10962:Klickitat 10942:Jefferson 10792:Shoreline 10777:Sammamish 10757:Kennewick 10702:Vancouver 10455:Licensing 10332:Governors 10277:Education 10191:Geography 10144:(capital) 9934:Goosenest 9647:Snow Peak 9632:Battle Ax 9481:Ives Peak 9461:Mount Aix 9451:Mount Wow 9144:Kawaikini 9079:Star Peak 8789:Mauna Loa 8649:Haleakalā 8609:Mauna Kea 7797:March 15, 5407:(Thesis). 5226:(1998) . 5187:(1998) . 5130:. Wta.org 4272:steelhead 4248:Whitefish 4232:Klickitat 4092:Accipiter 4055:chickadee 3938:chipmunks 3934:Squirrels 3926:wolverine 3898:mule deer 3839:rockcress 3827:Subalpine 3672:red alder 3612:noble fir 3584:grand fir 3478:dew point 3142:(Modeled) 3131:volcanoes 3051:Towering 3018:elevation 2928:airplanes 2792:Roquefort 2757:crevassed 2715:Jefferson 2648:geologist 2636:anticline 2575:, and an 2532:governor 2455:Chinookan 2451:Klickitat 2435:very high 2423:Chinookan 2378:Klickitat 2270:Klickitat 2266:Multnomah 2245:Klickitat 1799:North Arm 1551:headwalls 1546:crevasses 1329:rhyolites 1224:avalanche 1172:kaolinite 1054:lava tube 1050:sinkholes 976:volcanoes 934:and many 932:crevasses 839:Avalanche 777:Klickitat 566:impounded 546:Klickitat 476:volcanoes 403:Geography 370:named for 340:Klickitat 167:Geography 156:Etymology 83:Isolation 58:Elevation 34:Klickitat 12301:Category 12235:(mother) 12229:(father) 12118:patriots 12034:Franklin 11989:Liberty! 11761:Life and 11372:Delegate 11360:Delegate 11032:Thurston 11012:Skamania 11002:San Juan 10982:Okanogan 10957:Kittitas 10922:Garfield 10917:Franklin 10897:Columbia 10859:Counties 10787:Richland 10782:Lakewood 10742:Kirkland 10707:Bellevue 10465:Military 10400:Commerce 10306:Politics 10297:Politics 10282:Gun laws 10252:Cannabis 10247:Abortion 10206:Highways 9976:Glaciers 9879:Big Cave 9839:Shastina 9411:Mount Si 9371:Icy Peak 9154:Arc Dome 8478:(2005). 8096:(1896). 6425:25 April 6403:25 April 6382:25 April 6359:25 April 6289:(1992). 6081:25 April 6059:25 April 5446:37790639 5166:: 44–45. 5111:25 April 4862:(2005). 4349:See also 4305:, small 4190:for the 4179:and the 4145:Swallows 4079:songbird 4071:sparrows 4067:warblers 4063:thrushes 4059:kinglets 4029:sulphurs 4025:admirals 4021:skippers 3994:Melitaea 3987:such as 3771:wetlands 3706:Big Tree 3574:on Adams 3545:(−13.9) 3540:(−15.7) 3535:(−14.2) 3530:(−12.6) 3525:(−11.0) 3510:(−11.7) 3505:(−14.4) 3500:(−17.8) 3495:(−18.3) 3490:(−17.7) 3485:(−15.5) 3480:°F (°C) 3476:Average 3471:(2,253) 3402:Average 3397:(−12.2) 3392:(−15.2) 3387:(−13.3) 3382:(−10.6) 3357:(−12.9) 3352:(−16.5) 3347:(−17.3) 3342:(−16.8) 3337:(−14.9) 3322:(−11.9) 3282:(−11.2) 3277:(−12.6) 3272:(−12.7) 3267:(−11.5) 3103:Cascades 3085:Glenwood 3062:snowpack 3022:Snowfall 3010:Glenwood 2871:wildfire 2816:Portland 2776:Portland 2769:icefalls 2699:Cascades 2663:Pinnacle 2659:glaciers 2623:glaciers 2608:glaciers 2589:Cascades 2489:latitude 2466:Columbia 2427:Salishan 2390:Chehalis 2350:Columbia 2291:and the 2289:Cascades 2204:, 1875, 1859:Headwall 1826:III, AI2 1813:III, AI2 1669:Headwall 1630:Headwall 1564:Climbing 1542:ice axes 1538:Crampons 1523:Climbing 1440:rimrocks 1432:glaciers 1349:and the 1267:Cascades 1244:andesite 1170:(mostly 1164:andesite 1140:Andesite 1113:glaciers 1040:layers. 984:basaltic 936:icefalls 864:and the 831:Pinnacle 808:Cascades 796:icefalls 754:Glaciers 621:include 605:Glenwood 542:ranching 516:and the 449:Portland 361:, after 355:mountain 303:Climbing 242:Topo map 208:Location 12045:Related 11698:Cabinet 11374:to the 11362:to the 11052:Whitman 11047:Whatcom 11027:Stevens 11022:Spokane 10987:Pacific 10972:Lincoln 10907:Douglas 10902:Cowlitz 10887:Clallam 10797:Olympia 10767:Redmond 10717:Everett 10692:Spokane 10687:Seattle 10673:Largest 10628:Palouse 10596:Eastern 10553:Western 10544:Regions 10500:Revenue 10415:Ecology 10272:Economy 10262:Culture 10240:Society 10226:Symbols 10201:History 10159:Outline 10141:Olympia 9229:Kamakou 8050:6 April 8024:6 April 6145:23 July 4507:"Adams" 4307:rodents 4117:falcons 4109:ospreys 4087:Raptors 4075:finches 3989:Apollos 3922:red fox 3787:lupines 3767:meadows 3761:), and 3726:herbage 3580:climate 3520:(−9.3) 3515:(−8.8) 3377:(−7.4) 3372:(−5.5) 3367:(−5.7) 3362:(−9.8) 3327:(−6.8) 3317:(−9.7) 3312:(−5.1) 3307:(−0.6) 3292:(−3.4) 3287:(−6.9) 3257:(−1.6) 3252:(−8.7) 3247:(−6.1) 3217:(−0.9) 3212:(−5.8) 3207:(−7.9) 3202:(−8.6) 3197:(−8.1) 3092:climate 3034:Cascade 2980:Climate 2974:Cascade 2970:ice cap 2965:lean-to 2961:lookout 2951:to the 2919:lookout 2912:lookout 2907:lookout 2892:in the 2765:Mazamas 2761:ice cap 2707:Rainier 2691:Mazamas 2644:Mazamas 2640:geology 2632:caldera 2431:high up 2403:Yakamas 2394:Rainier 2386:Cowlitz 2342:Rainier 2334:Yakamas 2297:powwows 2218:legends 2189:History 2065:Camping 2020:In the 1943:II, AI2 1802:II, AI2 1719:II, AI2 1708:II, AI2 1589:Grade ( 1575:Cliff. 1509:fishing 1501:camping 1479:fishing 1475:boating 1467:camping 1401:rafting 1397:fishing 1393:boating 1389:Cascade 1240:extinct 1236:dormant 1122:volcano 1090:Cascade 1071:Geology 955:1990s. 940:ice cap 847:ice cap 739:ice cap 538:farming 478:in the 463:of the 455:of the 408:General 368:Adams, 349:in the 254:Geology 93:Listing 11918:(1963) 11909:(1941) 11900:(1874) 11891:(1799) 11882:(1799) 11826:Legacy 11426:(1776) 11378:(1774) 11057:Yakima 11007:Skagit 10997:Pierce 10952:Kitsap 10937:Island 10882:Chelan 10877:Benton 10872:Asotin 10807:Burien 10752:Auburn 10737:Yakima 10722:Renton 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