2432:
2672:
2682:
2127:
29:
1766:
Choi SH, Mukasa SB, Andronikov AV, Osanai Y, Harley SL, Kelly NM (2006). "Lu Hf systematics of the ultra-high temperature Napier
Metamorphic Complex in Antarctica: Evidence for the early Archean differentiation of Earth's mantle".
2112:
344:
events. Napier orogeny formed the cratonic nucleus approximately 4 billion years ago. Mount Elkins is a classic example of Napier orogeny. Napier orogeny is characterized by high-grade
1487:
from aerial photographs taken from an ANARE aircraft in 1956. The Napier
Mountains were first visited by an ANARE survey party from Mawson Station in 1960. The survey party was led by
457:
Preservation of the UHT mineral assemblage in the analyzed rock suggests rapid cooling, with closure likely to have occurred for the Lu-Hf system at post-peak UHT conditions near a
1597:(Technical report). 89-98 (4 ed.). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, National Mapping Division. p. 37
1803:. Vol. Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World—Online Proceedings for the 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California:
184:
2489:
1484:
248:
1353:
1305:
1954:, edited by DWH Walton, with contributions by CSM Doake, JR Dudley, I Everson and RM Laws (Cambridge; Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
801:
2092:
1401:
993:
1065:
461:
of 800 °C. UHT granulites appear to have evolved in a low Lu-Hf environment, probably formed when the rocks were first extracted from a
1089:
849:
2174:
1934:
Antarctic Days with Mawson : A Personal
Account of the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition of 1929-31
1833:"Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929–1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory"
454:
determined the oldest tectonothermal event in the formation of the Napier
Complex to have occurred approximately 2.8 billion years ago.
61:
2299:
2136:
969:
2077:
1281:
1732:
1930:, by David Parer and Elizabeth Parer-Cook (Morwell, Victoria: Allela Books and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 1983).
2118:
1812:
1702:
2056:, edited by Harvey J. Marchant, Desmond J. Lugg and Patrick G. Quilty (Kingston, Tas.: Australian Antarctic Division, 2002).
2690:
2082:
466:
352:. The orogenic events that resulted in the formation of the Napier Complex (including Mount Elkins) have been dated to the
2453:
2141:
1652:
447:
399:
327:
2711:
2494:
292:
2231:
1883:
403:
2131:
2002:, by Keith Scott (Terrey Hills, New South Wales: Australian Geographic for the Australian Geographic Society, 1993).
1865:
Pendlebury, Stephen (2004). "Section 7.6: Enderby Land and Kemp Land". In Turner, John; Pendlebury, Stephen (eds.).
1554:
474:
2590:
2504:
232:
477:(CHUR). These results also suggest significant depletion of the early Archean mantle, in agreement with the early
2585:
2468:
2246:
2167:
2146:
1657:
1585:
1534:
1960:, by Richard Fifield (Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, 1987).
1647:
2458:
1964:
Antarctica: The Next Decade: Report of a Group Study
Chaired by Sir Anthony Parsons (Studies in Polar Research)
240:
2087:
2448:
2410:
2221:
1797:
New evidence for the early
Archaean evolution of Aker Peaks, Napier Mountains, Enderby Land (East Antarctica)
1563:
1529:
708:
295:, a former Soviet research station that was mothballed in 1989, is located to the southwest of Mount Elkins.
1832:
482:
2359:
2289:
2236:
2209:
54:
2685:
2473:
2405:
2294:
216:
2018:
An Alien in
Antarctica: Reflections upon Forty Years of Exploration and Research on the Frozen Continent
2555:
2540:
2499:
2463:
2160:
716:
2024:
A revised
Archaean chronology for the Napier Complex, Enderby Land, from SHRIMP ion-microprobe studies
2214:
2575:
2565:
2349:
2321:
2277:
1875:
1488:
556:
180:
2020:, by Charles Swithinbank (Blacksburg, Virginia: McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company, 1997).
687:
The Napier
Mountains run northwest from Mount Elkins. To the east is a large valley formed by the
2605:
2509:
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1621:
712:
666:
640:
618:
478:
2580:
2400:
1804:
145:
1794:
Belyatsky, BV; Rodionov, NV; Sergeev, SA; Kamenev, EN (2007). Cooper, AK; Raymond, CR (eds.).
1479:
Mount Elkins was first mapped by
Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the
2600:
2550:
2545:
2440:
2282:
2226:
2204:
1795:
1524:
539:
527:
333:
2026:, S.L. Harley and L.P. Black, Antarctic Science (1997), 9: 74-91 Cambridge University Press.
1899:
1866:
1503:
The summit of Mount Elkins is higher than that of any mountain in Australia—including even
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8:
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998:
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902:
854:
782:
458:
356:
131:
727:
Place names within 1.0 degrees of Mount Elkins (Latitude 66°40.0'S Longitude 54°09.0'E)
644:
2595:
1740:
1041:
533:
372:
360:
319:
298:
Mount Elkins is the highest peak in the Napier Mountains, and also the highest peak in
1483:
Expedition, 1936–37, and named at that time Jökelen (The Glacier). It was remapped by
719:
systems. Dramatic changes can occur over short distances and in short time intervals.
2657:
2530:
2199:
2012:
The Home of the Blizzard: The Story of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-14
1879:
1808:
1562:(Technical report). A (II) Geography. Vol. 2. Maribyrnong, Victoria, Australia:
2121:
Precambrian formation of the Antarctic craton, beginning with Napier orogenic events
650:
634:
2647:
1847:
1776:
1504:
1480:
1209:
878:
672:
660:
462:
384:
323:
220:
150:
119:
1710:
2631:
2415:
2390:
2316:
2272:
2262:
2030:
The Silence Calling: Australians in Antarctica 1947-97: the ANARE Jubilee history
1425:
1233:
1113:
753:
704:
562:
550:
391:
349:
284:
276:
263:
Some notable geographic features in the general vicinity of Mount Elkins include
228:
105:
2107:
1680:
715:. Collectively, these terrain features significantly modify weather produced by
2641:
2636:
2626:
2525:
2339:
2097:
1988:
Antarctica: The Extraordinary History of Man's Conquest of the Frozen Continent
1780:
1589:
1449:
1406:
945:
873:
777:
700:
696:
688:
288:
280:
268:
264:
252:
172:
112:
1966:, edited by Sir Anthony Parsons (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
2705:
2570:
2364:
2115:
at the United States Antarctic Resource Center's Atlas of Antarctic Research.
1851:
1508:
1377:
1185:
1017:
692:
446:
age of 2.4 billion years for this metamorphic event. Using SHRIMPU–Pb zircon
76:
63:
506:
The following species have been sighted within 1.0 degrees of Mount Elkins:
2008:, by Stephen Martin (Sydney: State Library of New South Wales Press, 1996).
1512:
1137:
897:
602:
582:
395:
345:
311:
299:
224:
191:
162:
101:
287:(57 km to the northeast). The nearest permanently inhabited place is
2374:
2354:
2241:
1161:
921:
624:
612:
337:
2032:, by Tim Bowden (St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin, 1997).
2014:, by Douglas Mawson (Kent Town, South Australia: Wakefield Press, 1996).
1984:, by Stephen Murray-Smith (Surry Hills, NSW Hutchinson Australia, 1988).
2431:
2304:
2183:
1556:
Gazetteer of the Australian Antarctic Territory (ANARE Interim Reports)
825:
473:
that formed the Napier Complex were extremely depleted relative to the
423:
1940:
Going to Extremes: Project Blizzard and Australia's Antarctic Heritage
2344:
1972:, edited by Fred and Eleanor Jacka (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988).
926:
435:
427:
380:
236:
168:
2369:
1511:. Because of its remoteness it has not become a popular target for
1214:
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1142:
1118:
1094:
1070:
1046:
1022:
592:
572:
443:
419:
407:
212:
28:
1982:
Sitting on Penguins: People and Politics in Australian Antarctica
1628:. Kingston, Hobart, Tasmania: Australian Antarctic Division. 2023
1454:
1358:
1334:
1310:
1238:
806:
411:
376:
353:
341:
315:
215:
with three major peaks, the highest 2,300 meters (7,500 ft)
137:
2048:
Voyage to the end of the world: Tales from the Great Ice Barrier
2102:
1793:
1584:
1382:
1262:
758:
431:
415:
394:
components found to date in the Napier Complex appear to be of
368:
364:
44:
2152:
830:
470:
398:
derivation. This rock appears to have been overprinted by an
1996:, by G E Fogg (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
2062:, by Peter Matthiessen (National Geographic Society, 2003).
2042:
To the ends of the earth: the history of polar exploration
1946:
International Law and Australian Sovereignty in Antarctica
1765:
1656:. Antarctica Geographic Names Database. Reston, Virginia:
707:. Other notable terrain features in this area include the
2072:
2054:
Australian Antarctic science: the first 50 years of ANARE
1936:, by Harold Fletcher (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1984).
33:
Map of Antarctica indicating the location of Mount Elkins
1948:, by Gillian Triggs (Sydney: Legal Books Pty Ltd, 1986).
1868:
The International Antarctic Weather Forecasting Handbook
2083:
Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC)
2038:(Kingston, Tas.: Australian Antarctic Division, 2000).
1978:, edited by E.H. Shackleton (Sydney: Bay Books, 1988).
498:
To date, no flora has been observed at Mount Elkins.
2050:, by David Burke (Annandale, NSW: Envirobook, 2002).
291:, an Australian research station to the southeast.
211:(which means "The Glacier") is a dark, steep-sided
2490:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
249:Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
2088:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)
1626:Gazetteer of the Australian Antarctic Data Centre
1616:
1614:
1612:
2703:
2044:, by Richard Sale (London: HarperCollins, 2002).
1703:"Geochronology of the Transantarctic Mountains"
1498:
1900:"Current Weather Conditions near Mount Elkins"
1609:
542:(also known as the dark-shoulder minke whale)
2168:
2093:PDF Map of the Australian Antarctic Territory
1826:
1824:
703:Glaciers. All of these glaciers run into the
2000:The Australian Geographic Book of Antarctica
1787:
363:to as old as 3.8 billion years, some of the
2119:Animation of craton formation of Antarctica
1650:. United States Board on Geographic Names.
2175:
2161:
1864:
1858:
1821:
1761:
1759:
1757:
722:
1737:Tectonics of the Transantarctic Mountains
1724:
1707:Tectonics of the Transantarctic Mountains
1694:
1678:
1672:
1892:
1739:. London: self-published. Archived from
1709:. London: self-published. Archived from
1552:
400:ultra-high temperature metamorphic event
305:
2060:End of the Earth: voyages to Antarctica
2036:The Backpackers' Guide to ANARE Science
1958:International Research in the Antarctic
1754:
1730:
1700:
1681:"Major Peaks of the Enderby Land Coast"
1640:
1578:
2704:
1830:
1546:
2156:
682:
375:found on Earth. Billions of years of
340:period by a series of tectonothermal
2681:
1874:(1st ed.). Cambridge, England:
1507:(2,228 metres), which is one of the
371:of the Napier Complex are among the
247:, an ionospheric physicist with the
16:Mountain in Enderby Land, Antarctica
2142:Geographic Names Information System
1769:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1653:Geographic Names Information System
695:Glaciers. To the northeast are the
328:Ultra-high-temperature metamorphism
13:
1921:
14:
2723:
2066:
1553:McKinnon, Graeme William (1965).
387:core of these ancient mountains.
2680:
2671:
2670:
2430:
2130: This article incorporates
2125:
1990:(Sydney: Reader's Digest, 1988).
27:
2147:United States Geological Survey
2113:A satellite map of Mount Elkins
1658:United States Geological Survey
1586:United States Geological Survey
1535:Research stations in Antarctica
469:. The source materials for the
267:(92 km to the north), the
243:. The mountain was named after
2182:
2078:Australian Antarctic Gazetteer
1994:A History of Antarctic Science
283:(97 km to the west), and
275:(30 km to the east), the
241:Australian Antarctic Territory
1:
2108:List of Peaks in Enderby Land
2073:Australian Antarctic Division
1906:. Mountain-Forecast.com. 2023
1564:Australian Antarctic Division
1540:
1530:List of Antarctic expeditions
481:of the Earth that the latest
402:(UHT) that occurred near the
1928:Douglas Mawson, the Survivor
1831:Watson, Jeanette E. (2008).
1733:"Crustal Formation sequence"
1499:Significance to mountaineers
475:chondritic uniform reservoir
404:Archean-Proterozoic boundary
271:(7.4 km to the south),
49:2,300 m (7,500 ft)
7:
1518:
258:
10:
2728:
1970:Mawson's Antarctic Diaries
1942:(Sydney: Doubleday, 1986).
1904:Napier Mountains Forecasts
1840:Memoirs of Museum Victoria
1781:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.012
1474:
488:
414:(Lu-Hf) method to examine
309:
279:(26 km to the west),
227:. Enderby Land is part of
2712:Mountains of Enderby Land
2666:
2619:
2518:
2482:
2439:
2428:
2383:
2332:
2255:
2190:
1591:Gazeteer of the Antarctic
711:, located to the west of
190:
161:
156:
144:
130:
125:
111:
97:
92:
53:
43:
38:
26:
21:
2340:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1876:British Antarctic Survey
1852:10.24199/j.mmv.2008.65.9
1807:. pp. 187.1–187.4.
528:Balaenoptera bonaerensis
2006:A History of Antarctica
723:Nearby terrain features
479:igneous differentiation
465:profoundly depleted in
2132:public domain material
1805:U.S. Geological Survey
661:Thalassoica antarctica
185:Neville Joseph Collins
1525:History of Antarctica
705:King Edward Ice Shelf
551:Fulmarus glacialoides
540:Antarctic minke whale
483:core formation models
373:oldest rock specimens
361:Radiometrically dated
334:East Antarctic Shield
310:Further information:
306:Geology & orogeny
293:Molodyozhnaya Station
1878:. pp. 362–365.
1493:Terence James Elkins
593:Halecium brevithecum
381:tectonic deformation
245:Terence James Elkins
198:basic snow/ice climb
177:Terence James Elkins
136:2837 million years (
2653:Robert Falcon Scott
2310:South magnetic pole
2268:Antarctic Peninsula
2263:Biogeographic realm
1731:Lloyd G, Gibson M.
1701:Lloyd G, Gibson M.
1258:Proclamation Island
467:lithophile elements
459:closure temperature
367:collected from the
73: /
2591:Telecommunications
2505:Territorial claims
1679:Slayden G (2004).
1042:Mount Breckinridge
683:Weather conditions
635:Pygoscelis adeliae
448:dating methodology
336:was formed in the
320:Radiometric dating
39:Highest point
2699:
2698:
2658:Ernest Shackleton
2586:Research stations
2531:Antarctic English
2500:National programs
2495:Military activity
2469:COVID-19 pandemic
2426:
2425:
2295:Floristic Kingdom
2200:Antarctic sea ice
1952:Antarctic Science
1814:978-0-309-11854-5
1472:
1471:
1330:Sørtoppen Nunatak
680:
679:
383:have exposed the
273:Sørtoppen Nunatak
202:
201:
77:66.650°S 54.133°E
2719:
2684:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2648:James Clark Ross
2620:Famous explorers
2434:
2253:
2252:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2129:
2128:
1976:Aurora Australis
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1873:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1802:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1775:(3–4): 305–316.
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1728:
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1683:. Peakbagger.com
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1573:
1571:
1566:. p. 48. 75
1561:
1550:
1505:Mount Kosciuszko
1481:Lars Christensen
1210:Napier Mountains
730:
729:
673:Antarctic petrel
573:Halecium banzare
512:Scientific name
509:
508:
385:metamorphic rock
324:Thermochronology
221:Napier Mountains
207:, also known as
194:
181:Sydney L. Kirkby
120:Napier Mountains
115:
88:
87:
85:
84:
83:
78:
74:
71:
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31:
19:
18:
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2718:
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2702:
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2700:
2695:
2662:
2632:Richard E. Byrd
2615:
2576:Protected areas
2514:
2478:
2435:
2422:
2379:
2333:Bodies of Water
2328:
2317:West Antarctica
2273:East Antarctica
2251:
2186:
2181:
2135:
2126:
2069:
1924:
1922:Further reading
1919:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1835:
1829:
1822:
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1755:
1746:
1744:
1743:on May 13, 2003
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1600:
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1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1521:
1501:
1477:
1426:Wilkinson Peaks
1354:Tippet Nunataks
1306:Skarvet Nunatak
1234:Newman Nunataks
1114:Mount Griffiths
754:Aagaard Islands
725:
685:
613:Pagodroma nivea
563:Southern fulmar
491:
350:plate tectonics
330:
308:
285:Mount Kjerringa
277:Newman Nunataks
261:
239:as part of the
229:East Antarctica
217:above sea level
192:
175:which included
113:
106:East Antarctica
82:-66.650; 54.133
81:
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72:
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64:
62:
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59:
34:
17:
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5:
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2642:Ui-te-Rangiora
2639:
2637:Douglas Mawson
2634:
2629:
2627:Roald Amundsen
2623:
2621:
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2614:
2613:
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2603:
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2566:Gateway cities
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2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:Antarctica Day
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2396:Microorganisms
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2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:List of rivers
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2329:
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2297:
2292:
2290:Extreme points
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2250:
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2210:Climate change
2202:
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2180:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2137:"Mount Elkins"
2123:
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2116:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2098:Mawson Station
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
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2068:
2067:External links
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2064:
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2015:
2009:
2003:
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1846:(9): 165–178.
1820:
1813:
1786:
1753:
1723:
1713:on May 4, 2003
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1648:"Mount Elkins"
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1622:"Mount Elkins"
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1450:Young Nunataks
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1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
996:
990:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
972:
966:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
948:
946:Grimsley Peaks
942:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
924:
918:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
900:
894:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
876:
874:Cape Batterbee
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
852:
846:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
828:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
804:
802:Bandy Nunataks
798:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
780:
778:Armstrong Peak
774:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
756:
750:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
724:
721:
717:synoptic scale
709:Beaver Glacier
684:
681:
678:
677:
675:
670:
664:
656:
655:
653:
651:Adélie penguin
648:
638:
630:
629:
627:
622:
616:
608:
607:
605:
599:
596:
588:
587:
585:
579:
576:
568:
567:
565:
560:
554:
546:
545:
543:
537:
531:
523:
522:
519:
516:
513:
504:
503:
496:
495:
490:
487:
442:determined an
434:from this UHT
307:
304:
289:Mawson Station
281:Mount McMaster
269:Young Nunataks
265:Cape Batterbee
260:
257:
253:Mawson Station
200:
199:
196:
188:
187:
173:Mawson Station
165:
159:
158:
154:
153:
148:
142:
141:
134:
128:
127:
123:
122:
117:
109:
108:
99:
95:
94:
90:
89:
57:
51:
50:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2724:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2679:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:Midwinter Day
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2510:Treaty System
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:McMurdo Sound
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1887:
1885:1-85531-221-2
1881:
1877:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1682:
1675:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1565:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1509:Seven Summits
1506:
1496:
1494:
1491:and included
1490:
1486:
1482:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:61.0 km
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:Wheeler Rocks
1400:
1399:
1395:
1393:93.9 km
1392:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Vicars Island
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:40.3 km
1368:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:30.1 km
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:31.4 km
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1297:24.1 km
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:93.2 km
1272:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:26.4 km
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:28.3 km
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:47.8 km
1200:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1186:Mount Stadler
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:43.5 km
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:11.6 km
1152:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:23.0 km
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1105:42.5 km
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:27.4 km
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:21.3 km
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:27.2 km
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Mount Bennett
1016:
1015:
1011:
1009:32.8 km
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
987:
985:53.1 km
984:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
963:
961:24.1 km
960:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
939:
937:92.8 km
936:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
915:
913:62.4 km
912:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
891:
889:92.2 km
888:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
867:
865:22.8 km
864:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
841:42.3 km
840:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
819:
817:36.8 km
816:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
795:
793:45.1 km
792:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
769:93.4 km
768:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
731:
728:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
676:
674:
671:
668:
665:
663:
662:
658:
657:
654:
652:
649:
646:
642:
639:
637:
636:
632:
631:
628:
626:
623:
620:
617:
615:
614:
610:
609:
606:
604:
601:Brevithecate
600:
598:Watson, 2008
597:
595:
594:
590:
589:
586:
584:
580:
578:Watson, 2008
577:
575:
574:
570:
569:
566:
564:
561:
558:
555:
553:
552:
548:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
530:
529:
525:
524:
521:Observations
520:
517:
514:
511:
510:
507:
501:
500:
499:
493:
492:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:orthopyroxene
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:orthogneisses
366:
362:
358:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
303:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
197:
195:
193:Easiest route
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
164:
160:
155:
152:
149:
147:
146:Mountain type
143:
139:
135:
133:
129:
124:
121:
118:
116:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
91:
86:
58:
56:
52:
48:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2556:Firefighting
2541:Demographics
2464:Colonization
2459:World War II
2140:
2124:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1908:. Retrieved
1903:
1894:
1867:
1860:
1843:
1839:
1796:
1789:
1772:
1768:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:the original
1736:
1726:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:the original
1706:
1696:
1685:. Retrieved
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1651:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1625:
1599:. Retrieved
1590:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1555:
1548:
1513:peak bagging
1502:
1478:
1465:7.4 km
1441:7.1 km
1138:Mount Maines
898:Conradi Peak
726:
686:
659:
633:
611:
591:
571:
549:
526:
518:Common name
505:
497:
456:
451:
450:, Belyatsky
439:
389:
346:metamorphism
332:Much of the
331:
312:Age of Earth
300:Enderby Land
297:
262:
225:Enderby Land
208:
205:Mount Elkins
204:
203:
163:First ascent
114:Parent range
102:Enderby Land
22:Mount Elkins
2644:(legendary)
2551:Field camps
2449:Expeditions
2375:Weddell Sea
2355:Lake Vostok
2350:Lake Mercer
2222:Ice shelves
1162:Mount Pasco
1066:Mount Bride
922:Doyle Point
625:Snow petrel
438:belt, Choi
390:The oldest
338:Precambrian
171:party from
167:1960, by a
151:Metamorphic
132:Age of rock
80: /
55:Coordinates
2454:Heroic Age
2305:South Pole
2215:Heat waves
2184:Antarctica
2103:ANARE Club
1910:2 December
1747:2010-11-26
1717:2010-11-26
1687:2010-11-26
1664:2 December
1632:2 December
1601:2 December
1570:2 December
1541:References
1489:Syd Kirkby
1462:54°08.0'E
1459:66°44.0'S
1438:54°15.0'E
1435:66°37.0'S
1414:55°08.0'E
1411:66°17.0'S
1390:54°29.0'E
1387:65°50.0'S
1366:53°15.0'E
1363:66°44.0'S
1342:53°28.0'E
1339:66°40.0'S
1318:53°45.0'E
1315:66°26.0'S
1294:54°07.0'E
1291:66°27.0'S
1270:53°41.0'E
1267:65°51.0'S
1246:54°45.0'E
1243:66°40.0'S
1222:53°40.0'E
1219:66°30.0'S
1198:53°14.0'E
1195:66°54.0'S
1174:54°44.0'E
1171:66°59.0'S
1150:53°54.0'E
1147:66°38.0'S
1126:54°01.0'E
1123:66°28.0'S
1102:53°18.0'E
1099:66°51.0'S
1090:Mount Gate
1078:53°57.0'E
1075:66°26.0'S
1054:53°41.0'E
1051:66°37.0'S
1030:53°38.0'E
1027:66°32.0'S
1006:53°28.0'E
1003:66°33.0'S
982:53°13.0'E
979:66°22.0'S
958:53°40.0'E
955:66°34.0'S
934:54°52.0'E
931:65°53.0'S
910:54°35.0'E
907:66°08.0'S
886:53°48.0'E
883:65°51.0'S
862:54°40.0'E
859:66°39.0'S
838:55°04.0'E
835:66°47.0'S
826:Bird Ridge
814:53°36.0'E
811:66°55.0'S
790:53°23.0'E
787:66°24.0'S
766:53°40.0'E
763:65°51.0'S
742:Longitude
713:Mount King
534:Burmeister
515:Authority
424:sapphirine
406:. Using a
2606:Transport
2345:Lake CECs
2322:ice sheet
2278:ice sheet
2247:Volcanoes
2237:Mountains
2192:Geography
994:Mjåkollen
745:Distance
739:Latitude
645:Jacquinot
485:require.
436:granulite
428:osumilite
255:in 1960.
237:Australia
219:, in the
93:Geography
45:Elevation
2706:Category
2676:Category
2581:Religion
2483:Politics
2401:Wildlife
2370:Ross Sea
2232:Glaciers
1588:(1989).
1519:See also
1215:Mountain
1191:Mountain
1167:Mountain
1143:Mountain
1119:Mountain
1095:Mountain
1071:Mountain
1047:Mountain
1023:Mountain
748:Bearing
736:Feature
581:Banzare
444:isochron
408:lutetium
342:orogenic
259:Location
213:mountain
157:Climbing
98:Location
2686:Commons
2601:Tourism
2546:Economy
2519:Society
2441:History
2411:Mammals
2300:Islands
2256:Regions
2227:Geology
2205:Climate
1475:History
1455:Nunatak
1359:Nunatak
1335:Nunatak
1311:Nunatak
1239:Nunatak
970:Knausen
850:Bratthø
807:Nunatak
641:Hombron
619:Forster
603:hydroid
583:hydroid
536:, 1867
489:Ecology
412:hafnium
396:igneous
392:crustal
377:erosion
365:zircons
354:Archean
316:Orogeny
233:claimed
231:and is
209:Jökelen
138:Archean
126:Geology
68:54°08′E
65:66°39′S
2283:shield
2242:Tundra
1882:
1811:
1660:. 2023
1383:Island
1282:Rabben
1263:Island
759:Island
701:Rippon
697:Seaton
689:Robert
669:,1789
667:Gmelin
647:,1841
621:,1777
559:,1840
471:magmas
463:mantle
432:rutile
416:garnet
326:, and
183:, and
169:survey
2691:Index
2611:Women
2561:Flags
2536:Crime
2474:Years
2416:Krill
2406:Birds
2391:Flora
2134:from
1872:(PDF)
1836:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1595:(PDF)
1560:(PDF)
1485:ANARE
1468:186°
1444:038°
1420:046°
1396:009°
1372:259°
1348:270°
1324:326°
1300:356°
1276:347°
1252:090°
1228:311°
1204:237°
1180:144°
1156:288°
1132:345°
1108:241°
1084:341°
1060:285°
1036:303°
1012:293°
988:308°
964:297°
940:021°
927:Point
916:018°
892:350°
868:086°
844:108°
831:Ridge
820:221°
796:311°
772:346°
733:Name
693:Wilma
557:Smith
502:Fauna
494:Flora
452:et al
440:et al
2596:Time
2384:Life
1912:2023
1880:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1666:2023
1634:2023
1603:2023
1572:2023
1431:Peak
1407:Rock
1287:Peak
999:Peak
975:Peak
951:Peak
903:Peak
879:Cape
855:Peak
783:Peak
699:and
691:and
643:and
430:and
379:and
348:and
140:eon)
1848:doi
1777:doi
1773:246
357:Eon
251:at
235:by
223:of
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1838:.
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426:,
422:,
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410:-
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