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3,270 m (10,730 ft) to complete the climb in 2 days, finishing the ascent and descending on the second day. The majority of climbers begin the ascent on day one of a two-day hike from
Timpohon gate at 1,866 m (6,122 ft), reaching this location either by minibus or by walking, and then walk to Laban Rata. Most people accomplish this part of the climb in 3 to 6 hours. Since there are no roads, the supplies for the Laban Rata Resthouse are carried by porters, who sometimes bring more than 35 kg (77 lb) of supplies on their backs. Hot food and beverages are available at Laban Rata. Most rooms have no hot water in the bathrooms and whilst the dining area is heated, most rooms are not. The last 2 km (6,600 ft), from the Laban Rata Resthouse at 3,270 m (10,730 ft) to Low's Peak (summit) at 4,095.2 m (13,436 ft), takes between 2 and 4 hours. The last part of the climb is on bare granite rock.
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B.; Hovenkamp, P.; Imbun, P.; Ipor, I.; Janssens, S. B.; Jocqué, M.; Kappes, H.; Khoo, E.; Koomen, P.; Lens, F.; Majapun, R. J.; Morgado, L. N.; Neupane, S.; Nieser, N.; Pereira, J. T.; Rahman, H.; Sabran, S.; Sawang, A.; Schwallier, R. M.; Shim, P.-S.; Smit, H.; Sol, N.; Spait, M.; Stech, M.; Stokvis, F.; Sugau, J. B.; Suleiman, M.; Sumail, S.; Thomas, D. C.; van Tol, J.; Tuh, F. Y. Y.; Yahya, B. E.; Nais, J.; Repin, R.; Lakim, M.; Schilthuizen, M. (2015).
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520:(IUGS) included the 'Mount Kinabalu Neogene granite' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.'
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793:), the fact that the mountain covers a wide climatic range from near sea level to freezing ground conditions near the summit, the jagged terrain and diversity of rocks and soils, the high levels of rainfall (averaging about 2,700 mm (110 in) a year at park HQ), and the climatic instability caused by periods of
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people, who have lived in the area for approximately 6000 years, would not have been aware of the term "Cina" (Chinese in Malay) and thus could not have adapted it to "Kina" to refer to
Chinese people or China. The Chinese language itself employs distinct words to represent Chinese individuals or the
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origin. A recent botanical survey of the mountain estimated a staggering 5,000 to 6,000 plant species (excluding mosses and liverworts but including ferns). It is therefore one of the world's most important biological sites. A reason for its rich diversity and endemisms is that its great height could
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The most plausible origin of the word "Kinabalu" is believed to be derived from the Dusun phrase 'Aki Nabalu,' signifying "the revered place of the dead" . Another possible interpretation attributes the name to the Dusun expression "tina balu," which translates to "a widow mother," suggesting that
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and climb down into the gully that required extensive rescue efforts from both the RAF and the
Malaysian army. The party were not equipped with radios and the 2 officers and 3 Hong Kong soldiers were trapped for 16 days and did not eat for five days before being rescued when stretchers were lowered
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The steep mountainsides with poor soil are not suitable for farming or for the timber industry so the habitats and animal life of
Kinabalu remain largely intact, with about a third of the original habitat now degraded. Kinabalu Park was established in 1964 and the nearby mountains were protected as
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Merckx, V. S. F. T.; Hendriks, K. P.; Beentjes, K. K.; Mennes, C. B.; Becking, L. E.; Peijnenburg, K. T. C. A.; Afendy, A.; Arumugam, N.; de Boer, H.; Biun, A.; Buang, M. M.; Chen, P.-P.; Chung, A. Y. C.; Dow, R.; Feijen, F. A. A.; Feijen, H.; Feijen-van Soest, C; Geml, J.; Geurts, R.; Gravendeel,
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imbalances (high Mg:Ca molar quotients), and deficiencies of some nutrients including potassium and phosphorus. These soil conditions affect the plant life, and plant communities on ultramafic soils show lower stature and lower biomass, higher levels of endemism, and a distinct species composition
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Accommodation is available inside the park or outside near the headquarters. Sabah Parks has privatised Mount
Kinabalu activities to an organisation called Sutera Sanctuary Lodges. The mountain may be climbed on a single day trip, or hikers may (usually) stay one night at Laban Rata Resthouse at
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Six days before the earthquake, a group of ten western tourists (comprising six men and four women from Canada, Germany, Netherlands and the United
Kingdom) had stripped naked and urinated while on the mountain's summit. Local people were deeply offended, and many who considered Kinabalu to be a
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The climate of the mountain varies from humid tropical at its base to alpine at its summit. The temperature at the summit of Mount
Kinabalu usually stands from −4 to 8 °C (25 to 46 °F) from December to January, and 3 to 12 °C (37 to 54 °F) from June to September. Due to the
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The mountain and its surroundings are among the most important biological sites in the world, with between 5,000 and 6,000 species of plants, 326 species of birds, and more than 100 mammalian species identified. Among this rich collection of wildlife are famous species such as the gigantic
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Miguel
Camacho-Sanchez, Irene Quintanilla, Melissa T. R. Hawkins, Fred Y. Y. Tuh, Konstans Wells, Jesus E. Maldonado and Jennifer A. Leonard. 2018. "Interglacial refugia on tropical mountains: novel insights from the summit rat (Rattus baluensis), a Borneo mountain endemic". Diversity and
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Climbers must be accompanied by accredited guides at all times due to national park regulations. There are two main starting points for the climb: the
Timpohon Gate (located 5.5 km (3.4 mi) from Kinabalu Park Headquarters, at an altitude of 1,866 m (6,122 ft)), and the
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In 1997, a re-survey using satellite technology established its summit (known as Low's Peak) height at 4,095 m (13,435 ft) above sea level, which is some 6 m (20 ft) less than the previously thought and hitherto published figure of 4,101 m (13,455 ft).
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are abundant and diverse in subalpine and alpine plant communities, except for at the highest summits. Above 3,500 meters conditions are too extreme for trees, and above 3,700 meters persistent ground frost limits plants to the hardiest grasses, sedges and dwarf shrubs, including
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tina balu may represent the spirit of the mountain itself. Alternatively, some propose that "Kinabalu" results from the combination of two Dusun words, "ki" (have/has) and "nabalu" (mountain), forming "ki-nabalu" or "have mountain." It is a common practice among the
626:, are most diverse between 2200 and 2550 meters elevation, in areas with high rainfall and a stunted, open tree canopy. The montane forests are interspersed with areas of graminoid scrub, generally associated with hypermagnesic
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Mount
Kinabalu's above-average biodiversity in plant life is due to a combination of several unique factors: its setting in one of the richest plant regions of the world (the tropical biogeographical region known as western
1036:, the area around Mount Kinabalu was damaged by an earthquake. Eighteen people, including hikers and mountain guides, were killed by the earthquake and a massive landslide that followed it. Ranau and many parts of Sabah
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on the north side of Mount Kinabalu, which is exceptionally inhospitable due to its depth and high rainfall. In March 1994 two British Army officers were severely criticised after leading a party of 7 British and 3
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guide Lemaing of Kampung Kiau. Low did not scale the mountain's highest peak, however, considering it "inaccessible to any but winged animals". In April and July 1858, Low was accompanied on two further ascents by
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In 2015, a major Malaysian-Dutch study showed that the unique flora, fauna, and fungi on the mountain summit are younger than the mountain itself, and have evolved from both local and distant montane ancestors.
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peneplain, arched and deeply dissected, through which the Kinabalu granodiorite body has risen in isostatic adjustment. It is still pushing up at the rate of 5 mm (0.20 in) per annum. During the
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Following the incident, some of the tourists and their families expressed their apologies to all involved parties, and the government of the United Kingdom began to review its travel advice for Malaysia.
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was released in 1997. The first successful complete descent of Low's Gully was achieved by a 27 strong joint Malaysian-British team led by mountaineer and former British Army officer Pat Gunson in 1998.
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van der Ent, A., Erskine, P., Mulligan, D., Repin, R., & Karim, R. (2016). Vegetation on ultramafic edaphic “islands” in Kinabalu Park (Sabah, Malaysia) in relation to soil chemistry and elevation.
480:. It was pushed up from the Earth's crust as molten rock millions of years ago. In geological terms, it is a very young mountain as the granodiorite cooled and hardened only about 10 million years ago.
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Beaman, J.H., Beaman, R.S. (1990). Diversity and distribution patterns in the flora of Mount Kinabalu. In: Baas, P., Kalkman, K., Geesink, R. (eds) The Plant Diversity of Malesia. Springer, Dordrecht.
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grants a summit-climbing permit only to climbers who stay at mountain huts. Due to the limited number of beds at the mountain huts, only 130 people are allowed to climb Mount Kinabalu per day.
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forest. Lowland forests generally have a closed canopy 40 meters tall, along with an understory stratum of lower trees, and an emergent stratum of taller trees which extend above the canopy.
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believed that the act had angered the mountain spirits. Four of the group were convicted on charges of public indecency, and sentenced to three days in jail and a fine of 5,000
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870:. Twenty-four birds are mainly found on the mountain. The mountain is home to some 100 mammalian species mostly living high in the trees, including one of the great apes, the
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Camacho-Sanchez M, Hawkins MTR, Tuh Yit Yu F, Maldonado JE, Leonard JA. 2019. Endemism and diversity of small mammals along two neighboring Bornean mountains. PeerJ 7:e7858
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pitcher plants (five of the thirteen are found nowhere else on earth), some of which reach spectacular proportions (the largest-pitchered in the world being the endemic
2322:. USARIEM-TN94-2. US Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report. Archived from the original on 23 April 2009
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The variety of plant life is also habitat for a great variety of birds and mammals. There are some 326 species of birds in Kinabalu Park, including the spectacular
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equipment at any point on the main route, but climbers must be accompanied by accredited guides at all times due to national park regulations and may experience
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Liew, T.S.; Schilthuizen, M. (2010). "The determinants of land snail diversity along a tropical altitudinal gradient: insularity, geometry, and niches".
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A popular story told to Western and Chinese tourists states that the name "Kinabalu" actually means "Cina Balu" (meaning "A Chinese Widow"). Due to the
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The ultramafic rocks which make up parts of the mountain create soils rich in certain metallic elements (nickel, cobalt, chromium, and manganese), high
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by helicopter. The breakaway party of five completed the first descent of the gully in three days. A book about the 31-day fight for survival entitled
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published in 1863 mentioned the Kina Balu (Chinese widow) as a reference to the mountain. This story lacks coherence due to the likelihood that the
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people to name places based on their distinctive features or characteristics, exemplified by the place called "kiwaig," meaning "having water.
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In respect of it being 'one of the youngest granitic intrusions exposed on Earth and the site of spectacular tropical glacial landscapes', the
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although staying overnight at the lodges before the climb and climbing at a lower rate of ascent may reduce the likelihood of this happening.
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which flowed down its slopes, scouring its surface in the process and creating the 1,800 m (5,906 ft) deep Low's Gully (named after
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whose flower grows to 94 cm (37 in) in diameter), though blooms of the flower are rare and difficult to find. Meanwhile, another
730:(more than the whole of Africa's 500 species) of which 50 are found nowhere else. Mount Kinabalu has the richest collection in the world of
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in 1984. However even national park status does not guarantee full protection, as logging permits were granted on Trus Madi in 1984.
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Sub-alpine scrub extends from 2,600 to 3,200 m (8,530 to 10,499 ft). It includes short trees and shrubs such the conifer
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extends up to about 1500 metres elevation, and consists of two main types, based on the dominant tree species – mixed
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xiv + 609 pp + 40 pl. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.; Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
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xiv + 570 pp + 45 pl. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.; Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
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Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.; Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. xii + 220 pp + 25 pl.
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appear at the summit of Mount Kinabalu. Snow has been recorded three times in this area; in 1975, 1993 and 2022.
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991:, the British Consul in Brunei. The highest point of Mount Kinabalu was finally reached in 1888 by zoologist
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Phillipps' Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo and Their Ecology: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan
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who first looked down into it in 1851) is a 1,800 m (5,906 ft) deep gorge carved out by
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plant, which has the largest single flower in the world, is also found in Kinabalu (particularly
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2733:'If hell were a mountain, it would look like Mount Kinabalu': a Hong Kong hiker's Borneo blues
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1959:(Fletcher, 1886) and other earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Mt Kinabalu, Borneo"
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Epoch of about 100,000 years ago, the massive mountain was covered by huge sheets of ice and
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Several narratives exist that explain the primary beliefs surrounding the mountain's name.
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made the first recorded ascent of Mount Kinabalu's summit plateau in March 1851 with local
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Mount Kinabalu climbing trail at lower elevations (left) and on the summit plateau (right)
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Low's Peak can be climbed by a person in good physical condition and there is no need for
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became the first woman and the first botanist to summit Mount Kinabalu in February 1910.
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1905:. Sabah National Parks Publications No. 2, Sabah National Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu.
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Blakemore, R.J.; C. Csuzdi; M.T. Ito; N. Kaneko; T. Kawaguchi; M. Schilthuizen (2007).
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A visual illusion of a rock face on Mt. Kinabalu. Caught on camera from a location in
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coldness of the mountain from December to January, there are a few occasions where
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The plants of Mount Kinabalu. 5: Dicotyledon families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae.
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exist. In 2012, a major scientific expedition, jointly organised by the Malaysian
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2320:"Medical Problems in High Mountain Environments. A Handbook for Medical Officers"
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for the word "cina" (chee-na) was changed to "Kina" (kee-na). An earlier book by
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The Hugh Low Trail: The Quest for the Historical Trail to the Summit of Kinabalu
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The plants of Mount Kinabalu. 4: Dicotyledon families Acanthaceae to Lythraceae.
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compared to plant communities at similar elevations elsewhere on the mountain.
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Adam, J.H.; Wilcock, C.C. (1998). "Pitcher plants of Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah".
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2230:"Mount Kinabalu 'naked prank': UK reviews advice for travellers to Malaysia"
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The Plants of Mount Kinabalu. 3. Gymnosperms and Non-Orchid Monocotyledons.
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Endemic annelids number less than a dozen known species but include the
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2148:"British woman arrested in Malaysia over nude photos in Mount Kinabalu"
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What are the rules on climbing Mount Kinabalu and why is it so sacred?
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2181:"Sabah quake: Mount Kinabalu may be "angry" with nudists, say locals"
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have provided refuge to cold-adapted species during interglacials.
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country of China, making the proposed adaptation very unlikely.
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1164:"Kina Balu from Pinokok Valley" – lithograph published in 1862.
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The flora of the mountain varies with elevation and geology.
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2115:"Sabah quake: Donkey's Ear Peak on Mount Kinabalu destroyed"
2042:"Expedition investigates origin of unique species on Borneo"
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was established in 1964. The park was designated a natural
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species are found in the mountain forests, particularly on
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were affected and Donkey Ear's Peak was heavily damaged.
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The Plants of Mount Kinabalu: 1. Ferns and Fern Allies.
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Map showing location of Mount Kinabalu within Malaysia.
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Parris, By. S., R. S. Beaman, and J. H. Beaman. 1992.
1631:"Ice Sheets And 'Snow' Have Formed on Mount Kinabalu!"
2500:"The call of Malaysia's 'conquerable' Mount Kinabalu"
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Given the high altitude, some people may suffer from
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1785:"Evolution of endemism on a young tropical mountain"
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Beaman, J. H., C. Anderson, and R. S. Beaman. 2001.
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Mount Kinabalu along with other upland areas of the
1704:Wood, J. J., J. H. Beaman, and R. S. Beaman. 1993.
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2291:Quentin Phillipps; Karen Phillipps (10 May 2016).
387:mountain in the world. The mountain is located in
2636:They came, they climbed: Mount Kinabalu conquered
1708:Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. xii + 411 pp + 84 pl.
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685:The plants of Mount Kinabalu have high levels of
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2005:
1218:Poor English, needs rewriting by fluent speaker.
1184:Mount Kinabalu viewed from the summit of nearby
931:that preys on various earthworms, including the
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2048:. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Archived from
483:The present landform is considered to be a mid-
2795:List of climbers who have hiked Mount Kinabalu
2435:"British climbers prepare to tame Low's Gully"
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2080:Hiung, C. S., R. Mandalam, and C. Chin. 2004.
1600:"Did it snow on the summit of Mount Kinabalu?"
1556:"The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites"
1515:
3428:
2822:
2297:. Princeton University Press. pp. 236–.
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1588:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2107-8_14
1563:IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage
1491:"Mount Kinabalu – revered abode of the dead"
1421:Globetrotter Visitor's Guide – Kinabalu Park
2528:
2228:Matthew Weaver; Beh Lih Yi (11 June 2015).
2211:"Mount Kinabalu naked photo accused jailed"
2179:Michelle Tam; Stephanie Lee (5 June 2015).
1914:
1878:
1876:
954:
812:are dominant). However, most of Kinabalu's
3442:
3435:
3421:
2829:
2815:
2368:
1955:"Taxonomic status and ecology of Oriental
1849:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1695:Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. 165 pp + 5 pl.
1657:"Gunung Kinabalu pernah diselebungi salji"
1628:
1458:
1408:
797:and catastrophic droughts which result in
518:International Union of Geological Sciences
76:
2568:. Smith, Elder and Company. p. 327.
2531:"Majesty, mystery and magic of mountains"
1706:The Plants of Mount Kinabalu. 2. Orchids.
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1241:Learn how and when to remove this message
507:Low's Peak, the summit of Mount Kinabalu.
476:age, and associated ultrabasic and basic
3857:First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites
1873:
1582:
1580:
1179:
1167:
1159:
1059:
835:
670:
502:
452:Mount Kinabalu is essentially a massive
332:
2371:"Leaders of lost expedition criticised"
1750:
1717:Beaman, J. H., and R. S. Beaman. 1998.
1340:Mount Kinabalu International Climbathon
1145:was published in 1996 and a film drama
3794:
2543:from the original on 21 September 2017
2492:
2465:
2403:"Pat Wins His Battle With Low's Gully"
2272:from the original on 15 September 2020
1893:
1743:Beaman, J. H., and C. Anderson. 2004.
1497:from the original on 21 September 2010
1385:
1305:view from the summit of Mount Kinabalu
645:, and species from the plant families
230:
3416:
2810:
2480:from the original on 14 February 2021
1577:
1006:led two important expeditions of the
726:. There are also over 600 species of
2675:Least-known, most exhilarating hikes
2614:Hugh; Midori Paxton (7 March 2001).
2572:from the original on 2 December 2021
2447:from the original on 22 October 2002
1869:http://www.jstor.org/stable/43872634
1191:
2596:Into the Mists of Borneo's Kinabalu
2565:Life in the Forests of the Far East
2084:. The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu.
765:, can be found on the neighbouring
429:. Mount Kinabalu has been accorded
74:2,513 km (1,562 mi)
13:
2587:
1987:from the original on 10 April 2008
1935:https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7858
1423:. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd.
1021:
1010:to the mountain in 1961 and 1964.
14:
3868:
3837:Montane grasslands and shrublands
2772:
2654:Jocasta Webb (1 September 2001).
2510:from the original on 28 July 2021
2415:from the original on 27 June 2015
2383:from the original on 27 June 2015
2266:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2242:from the original on 12 June 2015
2160:from the original on 10 June 2015
2064:"Kinabalu montane alpine meadows"
1837:from the original on 23 July 2018
1764:https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12761
1637:from the original on 28 July 2017
1610:from the original on 10 June 2017
1536:from the original on 29 June 2016
1471:from the original on 4 April 2015
1440:from the original on 14 June 2015
2778:
2731:Sasha Gonzales (14 April 2015).
2714:Sunrise Hiking on Mount Kinabalu
2616:Climb rain forests to the clouds
2369:Mary Braid (20 September 1994).
2191:from the original on 7 June 2015
2127:from the original on 7 June 2015
2020:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02243.x
1522:. Lonely Planet. pp. 360–.
1519:Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei
1436:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1366:
1354:
1290:
1196:
1077:
1068:
717:, and some of the highly valued
229:
222:
29:
2555:
2529:Alan Rogers (18 January 2015).
2522:
2459:
2427:
2395:
2362:
2284:
2254:
2221:
2203:
2172:
2146:Hannah Strange (10 June 2015).
2139:
2106:
2103:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2087:
2074:
2056:
2034:
1999:
1946:
1927:
1908:
1884:Kinabalu Montane Alpine Meadows
1775:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1698:
1685:
1671:
1649:
1629:Tang Ruxyn (10 February 2017).
1155:
978:British colonial administrator
898:). Endemic mammals include the
373:third-highest peak of an island
3761:British Indian Ocean Territory
2673:Flip Byrnes (18 August 2010).
2656:The truth about Mount Kinabalu
2594:Thomas Fuller (9 April 1999).
2113:Victoria Brown (5 June 2015).
1762:Distributions, 24: 1252–1266.
1622:
1592:
1548:
1509:
1483:
1452:
1426:
1118:
1008:Royal Society of Great Britain
781:which comprises the island of
1:
3847:Important Bird Areas of Sabah
2712:Gabby Salazar (2 June 2014).
2692:Niall McIlroy (9 July 2011).
2562:Sir Spenser St. John (1863).
2466:Kvinta, Paul (1 March 2003).
1379:
945:Naturalis Biodiversity Center
512:IUGS geological heritage site
363:) is the highest mountain in
58:4,095 m (13,435 ft)
48:4,095 m (13,435 ft)
2786:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2634:Jim Solicki (23 June 2001).
16:Highest mountain in Malaysia
7:
3827:Highest points of countries
3086:Interior and water features
2750:Amy Willis (11 June 2015).
1902:Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu
1679:"Does It Snow in Malaysia?"
1326:Borneo montane rain forests
1310:
1268:among the Kadazan Dusun of
1216:. The specific problem is:
968:Crocker Range National Park
884:Oriental small-clawed otter
864:eyebrowed jungle flycatcher
549:is known worldwide for its
10:
3873:
1917:The Sarawak Museum Journal
1461:"Mount Kinabalu, Malaysia"
1317:Borneo lowland rain forest
1136:soldiers in an attempt to
1025:
973:
958:
868:bare-headed laughingthrush
540:
523:
447:
3832:Hiking trails in Malaysia
3748:
3708:
3450:
3373:
3340:
3322:
3275:
3224:
3215:
3192:
3139:
3120:
3092:
3085:
3063:
3015:
2959:
2941:
2852:
2845:
1978:10.11646/zootaxa.1613.1.2
1123:Low's Gully (named after
337:Sunrise on Mount Kinabalu
319:
293:
288:
274:
252:
216:
211:
155:
150:
111:
85:
68:
52:
42:
37:
28:
23:
3842:Protected areas of Sabah
3822:Four-thousanders of Asia
2745:South China Morning Post
1890:. Accessed 5 March 2023.
1659:. /SBH. 12 February 2017
1032:On 5 June 2015 at 07:15
955:Threats and preservation
933:Kinabalu giant earthworm
929:Kinabalu giant red leech
896:Prionailurus bengalensis
831:
762:Rafflesia tengku-adlinii
573:
460:which is intrusive into
3771:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2757:12 October 2017 at the
2738:2 December 2021 at the
2699:6 December 2019 at the
2680:2 December 2021 at the
2641:6 December 2019 at the
2601:2 December 2021 at the
2408:The Westmorland Gazette
2318:Cymerman, A; Rock, PB.
2008:Journal of Biogeography
1940:2 December 2021 at the
1769:2 December 2021 at the
1516:Simon Richmond (2010).
961:Deforestation in Borneo
675:Large lower pitcher of
660:Leptospermum recurvatum
608:, including species of
433:World Heritage status.
193:
178:
3812:Ecoregions of Malaysia
3444:Highest points of Asia
2837:Physical geography of
2621:8 January 2019 at the
2354:CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2343:Cite journal requires
2070:. World Wildlife Fund.
2068:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1957:Pheretima darnleiensis
1189:
1177:
1165:
1012:Kinabalu National Park
856:mountain serpent-eagle
847:
846:, from Mount Kinabalu.
682:
665:Rhododendron ericoides
508:
360:
338:
163:
3817:Ecoregions of Malesia
2802:Sabah's Fitus species
2719:1 August 2017 at the
1882:Wikramanayake, Eric.
1183:
1171:
1163:
1148:The Place of the Dead
1096:Mesilau Nature Resort
1060:Climbing the mountain
1028:2015 Sabah earthquake
908:Bornean ferret-badger
840:A mountain squirrel,
839:
674:
642:Leptospermum recurvum
506:
403:. It is protected as
377:the 28th highest peak
336:
135:6.07500°N 116.55861°E
3685:United Arab Emirates
1867:, 403(1/2), 77–101.
1223:improve this section
1212:to meet Knowledge's
789:, and the island of
3712:limited recognition
2790:Sabah Parks website
2726:National Geographic
2706:The West Australian
2694:Man versus mountain
2661:27 May 2016 at the
2468:"Big Gulp, No Exit"
2443:. 12 January 1998.
2153:The Daily Telegraph
2099:20 May 2016 at the
1812:10.1038/nature14949
1804:2015Natur.524..347M
1606:. 25 January 2014.
1016:World Heritage Site
995:. British botanist
852:rhinoceros hornbill
843:Sundasciurus tenuis
594:Montane rain forest
409:World Heritage Site
393:West Coast Division
385:20th most prominent
261:West Coast Division
131: /
3807:Ecoregions of Asia
2648:The Globe and Mail
2608:The New York Times
2411:. 1 January 2000.
1190:
1178:
1166:
1143:Descent into Chaos
848:
683:
636:Dacrydium gibbsiae
606:Carnivorous plants
509:
339:
140:6.07500; 116.55861
92:Country high point
38:Highest point
3789:
3788:
3754:other territories
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3318:
3317:
3132:(Bukit Tengkorak)
3081:
3080:
2304:978-0-691-16941-5
1899:Kurata, S. 1976.
1798:(7565): 347–350.
1529:978-1-74104-887-2
1266:lingual influence
1251:
1250:
1243:
1214:quality standards
1205:This section may
1113:altitude sickness
912:Melogale everetti
872:Bornean orangutan
752:Rafflesia keithii
586:forest and mixed
547:Crocker Mountains
442:altitude sickness
331:
330:
315:
306:
283:Crocker Mountains
96:Island high point
64:
3864:
3852:Sacred mountains
3766:Christmas Island
3452:Sovereign states
3437:
3430:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3222:
3221:
3090:
3089:
2850:
2849:
2846:Coastal features
2831:
2824:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2782:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
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2520:
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2517:
2515:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
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2456:
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2393:
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2390:
2388:
2366:
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2331:
2329:
2327:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2268:. 16 June 2015.
2258:
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2249:
2247:
2225:
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2198:
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2132:
2110:
2104:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2052:on 23 July 2015.
2038:
2032:
2031:
2014:(6): 1071–1078.
2003:
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1493:. Ecology Asia.
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1465:About.com Travel
1459:Michael Aquino.
1456:
1450:
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1278:Spenser St. John
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1200:
1199:
1192:
1186:Mount Tambuyukon
1176:, December 2011.
1081:
1072:
989:Spenser St. John
922:Mount Tambuyukon
917:Rattus baluensis
810:Dipterocarpaceae
466:ultrabasic rocks
323:
313:
305:(summit plateau)
304:
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3753:
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3725:Northern Cyprus
3711:
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3369:
3342:Volcanic fields
3336:
3314:
3271:
3211:
3194:Mountain ranges
3188:
3135:
3116:
3102:Agop Batu Tulug
3077:
3059:
3011:
2975:Spratly Islands
2969:List of islands
2955:
2937:
2841:
2835:
2775:
2770:
2759:Wayback Machine
2740:Wayback Machine
2721:Wayback Machine
2701:Wayback Machine
2682:Wayback Machine
2663:Wayback Machine
2643:Wayback Machine
2628:The Japan Times
2623:Wayback Machine
2603:Wayback Machine
2590:
2588:Further reading
2585:
2575:
2573:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2536:The Borneo Post
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2506:. 5 June 2015.
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2376:The Independent
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2222:
2217:. 12 June 2015.
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2101:Wayback Machine
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1434:"Kinabalu Park"
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1022:2015 earthquake
1004:E. J. H. Corner
976:
963:
957:
880:Mustela nudipes
860:Dulit frogmouth
834:
787:Malay Peninsula
769:and the nearby
767:Mount Trus Madi
737:Nepenthes rajah
724:slipper orchids
678:Nepenthes rajah
576:
553:with plants of
543:
526:
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361:Gunung Kinabalu
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164:Gunung Kinabalu
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3802:Mount Kinabalu
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2784:Mount Kinabalu
2774:
2773:External links
2771:
2769:
2768:
2748:
2729:
2710:
2690:
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1945:
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1923:(71): 145–171.
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1865:Plant and Soil
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1681:. 31 May 2021.
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1026:Main article:
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993:John Whitehead
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943:and the Dutch
876:Malayan weasel
833:
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580:Lowland forest
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438:mountaineering
381:Southeast Asia
342:Mount Kinabalu
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314:(highest peak)
311:John Whitehead
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2985:Layang Layang
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2949:
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2098:
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2094:Kinabalu Park
2090:
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2046:Press release
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2017:
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1413:Phillipps, A.
1409:
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1335:Kinabalu Park
1333:
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1274:pronunciation
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1231:December 2020
1224:
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1009:
1005:
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985:
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962:
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951:of Kinabalu.
950:
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888:Aonyx cinerea
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720:Paphiopedilum
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478:igneous rocks
475:
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428:
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416:
412:
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405:Kinabalu Park
402:
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386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
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358:
354:
350:
347:
343:
335:
326:
324:
322:Easiest route
318:
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201:Kadazan Dusun
195:
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186:Kadazan Dusun
180:
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63:
57:
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51:
47:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3750:Dependencies
3680:Turkmenistan
3645:Saudi Arabia
3594:
3237:Kinabatangan
3163:
2762:
2743:
2724:
2704:
2685:
2668:The Guardian
2666:
2646:
2626:
2606:
2574:. Retrieved
2564:
2557:
2545:. Retrieved
2534:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2503:
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2471:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2438:
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2406:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2374:
2364:
2336:cite journal
2324:. Retrieved
2313:
2293:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2235:The Guardian
2233:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2184:
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2151:
2141:
2129:. Retrieved
2118:
2108:
2089:
2081:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2050:the original
2045:
2036:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1972:(1): 23–44.
1969:
1965:
1956:
1948:
1929:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1864:
1839:. Retrieved
1795:
1791:
1777:
1744:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1633:. Says.com.
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1603:
1594:
1567:. Retrieved
1562:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1518:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1464:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1428:
1420:
1329:
1320:
1263:
1255:
1252:
1237:
1228:
1221:Please help
1217:
1206:
1156:Naming myths
1146:
1142:
1122:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1054:
1046:sacred place
1042:
1031:
1001:
997:Lilian Gibbs
977:
964:
949:biodiversity
926:
915:
911:
903:
895:
887:
879:
849:
841:
822:
775:
771:Maliau Basin
760:
756:
750:
744:
735:
731:
718:
712:
696:Bulbophyllum
694:
687:biodiversity
684:
676:
663:
659:
640:
634:
632:
621:
615:
609:
592:
577:
568:
559:Australasian
551:biodiversity
544:
527:
515:
482:
458:granodiorite
456:formed from
451:
435:
420:
417:
413:
352:
348:
341:
340:
295:First ascent
277:Parent range
103:
18:
3710:States with
3630:Philippines
3570:South Korea
3565:North Korea
3460:Afghanistan
3277:Tributaries
3225:Main rivers
2687:Stuff.co.nz
1991:31 December
1569:13 November
1540:16 December
1225:if you can.
1119:Low's Gully
1102:Sabah Parks
941:Sabah Parks
904:Suncus ater
900:black shrew
892:leopard cat
623:Utricularia
584:dipterocarp
563:Indomalayan
490:Pleistocene
462:sedimentary
425:plants and
353:Nulu Nabalu
349:Gayo Ngaran
194:Nulu Nabalu
179:Gayo Ngaran
156:Native name
138: /
126:116°33′31″E
113:Coordinates
62:Ranked 20th
3796:Categories
3690:Uzbekistan
3665:Tajikistan
3580:Kyrgyzstan
3560:Kazakhstan
3510:East Timor
3480:Bangladesh
3470:Azerbaijan
3398:Takob Akob
3375:Waterfalls
3179:Tambuyukon
3035:Karambunai
3017:Peninsulas
2928:Schomburgk
2484:8 February
1380:References
1129:glaciation
1038:West Coast
959:See also:
937:land snail
818:ultramafic
803:speciation
795:glaciation
700:Dendrobium
427:orangutans
391:district,
375:on Earth,
299:March 1851
123:06°04′30″N
54:Prominence
3776:Hong Kong
3730:Palestine
3655:Sri Lanka
3650:Singapore
3530:Indonesia
3383:Kadamaian
3360:Magdalena
3332:Kundasang
3159:Kaingaran
3141:Mountains
3107:Gomantong
2990:Mantanani
2973:disputed
2923:Sepanggar
1888:One Earth
1373:Mountains
1330:ecoregion
1321:ecoregion
1303:panoramic
1134:Hong Kong
1018:in 2000.
1002:Botanist
799:evolution
759:species,
757:Rafflesia
746:Rafflesia
742:parasitic
732:Nepenthes
704:Coelogyne
651:Ericaceae
647:Myrtaceae
611:Nepenthes
602:Lauraceae
588:Casuarina
555:Himalayan
422:Rafflesia
212:Geography
70:Isolation
44:Elevation
3720:Abkhazia
3670:Thailand
3625:Pakistan
3605:Mongolia
3600:Maldives
3595:Malaysia
3495:Cambodia
3350:Bombalai
3300:Pandasan
3207:Trusmadi
3184:Trusmadi
3164:Kinabalu
3055:Semporna
3050:Sandakan
3025:Bengkoka
2995:Peninjau
2912:Sandakan
2892:Marchesa
2755:Archived
2736:Archived
2717:Archived
2697:Archived
2678:Archived
2659:Archived
2639:Archived
2619:Archived
2599:Archived
2570:Archived
2541:Archived
2508:Archived
2504:BBC News
2478:Archived
2445:Archived
2440:BBC News
2413:Archived
2381:Archived
2270:Archived
2240:Archived
2215:BBC News
2189:Archived
2185:The Star
2158:Archived
2125:Archived
2120:The Star
2097:Archived
2028:83558264
1982:Archived
1938:Archived
1832:Archived
1820:26266979
1767:Archived
1635:Archived
1608:Archived
1604:The Star
1534:Archived
1495:Archived
1469:Archived
1438:Archived
1361:Malaysia
1311:See also
1207:require
1125:Hugh Low
980:Hugh Low
714:Calanthe
691:endemism
628:cambisol
598:Fagaceae
498:Hugh Low
494:glaciers
485:Pliocene
401:Malaysia
369:Malaysia
302:Hugh Low
289:Climbing
269:Malaysia
253:Location
3695:Vietnam
3610:Myanmar
3590:Lebanon
3520:Georgia
3475:Bahrain
3465:Armenia
3324:Valleys
3305:Pegalan
3285:Kibunut
3242:Kolopis
3202:Crocker
3169:Lumarku
3073:Balabac
3065:Straits
2961:Islands
2882:Kimanis
2576:20 June
2547:19 June
2514:19 June
2473:Outside
2451:16 June
2419:15 June
2326:5 March
2276:17 June
2246:12 June
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