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526:, i.e., northern New Mexico) rebelled against PĂ©rez's enforcement of the recent Mexican constitution, new revenue laws taxing Santa Fe commerce and entertainment, and the large grants of New Mexico land to wealthy Mexicans. New Mexicans appreciated the relative freedoms of a frontier, remote from Mexico City. The rebels defeated and executed governor Albino Perez, but were later ousted by the forces of
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421:, the idea that the U.S. should extend from one coast to another, dominated national political discussions. The trail connected interior port cities along the Mississippi and Missouri and their wagon train outfitters to western destinations. The trail was used to carry products from the central plains to the trail head towns
563:. Their intention was to persuade the people of Santa Fe and New Mexico to relinquish control over the territory under dispute with Mexico, and over associated Santa Fe Trail commerce. Knowing about recent political disturbances there, they hoped for a welcome by the rebellious faction in New Mexico. What was known as the
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of the southern high plains tolerated trespassers. In 1825, Congress voted for federal protection for the Santa Fe Trail, even though much of it lay in the
Mexican territory. Lack of food and water also made the trail very risky. Weather conditions, like huge lightning storms, gave the travelers even
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led
Mexican troops out of Santa Fe to protect incoming caravans. But, after the Invincibles destroyed much of an advance party led by Captain Ventura Lovato, the governor retreated. Following this battle, many Americans resigned and Snively's force was reduced to little over 100 men. Snively planned
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In
February 1843, Colonel Jacob Snively had received a commission to intercept Mexican caravans along the Santa Fe Trail, similar to that received by Warfield the year prior. After disbanding the volunteers under his command, Warfield located and joined the 190-man, Texas "Battalion of Invincibles",
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Warfield was reportedly unaware of the crime. McDaniel and one accomplice were tried, convicted and executed. Other participating suspects arrested by the U.S. were convicted and imprisoned. The newspapers reported that
Americans and Mexicans were outraged by the crime. Local merchants and citizens
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often posed a threat, and many people died due to snakebites. The caravan size increased later on to prevent Indian raids. The travelers also harnessed more oxen instead of mules—primarily for the greater hauling power of oxen but also because they were less valued by
Indians and thus less risk of
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The railroad's sale of its land granted by congress fostered growth of new towns and businesses along its route, which generated railway traffic and revenues. With this financial base, the railway extended west, gradually adding new connections through rougher west country along the western Trail.
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He commissioned
Warfield as a colonel, who attempted to raise volunteers in Texas, St. Louis, Missouri; and the southern Rockies for a Warfield Expedition. He recruited John McDaniel and a small band of men in the proximate vicinity of St. Louis, giving McDaniel the rank of a Texas captain. After
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Travelers faced many hardships along the Santa Fe Trail. The trail was a challenging 900 miles (1,400 km) of dangerous plains, hot deserts, and steep and rocky mountains. The natural weather was and is continental: very hot and dry summers, coupled with long and bitterly cold winters. Fresh
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to negotiate in
Washington, D.C., for opening U.S. borders to traders from Mexico. Beginning in 1826, prominent aristocratic families of New Mexicans, such as the Chávezes, Armijos, Pereas, and Oteros, entered into the commerce along the trail. By 1843, traders from New Mexico and Chihuahua had
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to the western border of Kansas. It enters
Colorado, cutting across the southeast corner of the state before entering New Mexico. The section of the trail between Independence and Olathe was also used by immigrants on the California and Oregon Trails, which branched off to the northwest near
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encountered many difficulties. The party was captured by governor Armijo's
Mexican army under less than honest negotiations. They were subjected to harsh and austere treatment during a tortuous forced march to Mexico City, where they were tried, convicted and imprisoned for their insurgent
732:. Building the railway westwards beyond the New Mexico border was delayed and placed the railroad under financial pressure. In response, they offered packaged "Shopping Excursion deals" to potential real estate buyers. The railroad began to discount such trips to visit its
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water was scarce, and the high steppe-like plains are nearly treeless. Water flows in the Pecos, Arkansas, Cimarron, and
Canadian rivers that drain the region vary by 90 or more percent in their flows during an average year. Also on this trail, unlike the
575:, president of Texas, requesting support for an overthrow scheme by Charles Warfield dependent on armed forces. He proposed deposing the governments in the Mexican provinces of New Mexico and Chihuahua and returning half of the spoils to the
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that ended the war, the trail was integral to the U.S. opening the region to economic development and settlement. It played a vital role in the westward expansion of the U.S. into these new lands. The road route is commemorated today by the
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gained progressively a fur trading dominance from the Spanish in Santa Fe as well as with the Indian tribes living in this vast region. Other French traders and trappers made trips on the trail from St. Louis, such as
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After Louisiana was sold to the United States in 1803 (Louisiana Purchase), Americans improved and publicized the Santa Fe Trail beginning in 1822, in order to take advantage of new trade opportunities with
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After the murder of Chávez, Warfield began limited military hostilities in the region using recruits from the southern Rockies. He made an unprovoked attack on Mexican troops outside
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competed with Mexico in claiming Santa Fe, as part of the territory north and east of the Rio Grande which both nations claimed following Texas's secession from Mexico in 1836.
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as well as European trappers and traders in the second half of the 18th century. It was later used extensively by people from the United States in the 19th century after the
1069:. This route was generally very hazardous because it had very little water. In fact, the Cimarron River was one of the only sources of water along this branch of the trail.
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opening the remote Northwest, especially in the interior Northwest: Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and Montana. A mule trail (trapper's trails) led to points north to supply the
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In Kansas, the AT&SF roadbed roughly paralleled the Santa Fe Trail west of Topeka as it expanded between 1868 and 1874. When a railroad bridge was built across the
371:, reaching Santa Fe and returning. They made other expeditions in 1741 and 1750, which faced various challenges from Indians and Spaniards. Then, the French explorer
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The other main branch, called the Cimarron Cutoff or Cimarron Crossing or Middle Crossing cut southwest across the Cimarron Desert (also known as the Waterscrape or
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587:) of a lightly defended Santa Fe Trail trading caravan. This resulted in the murder of its leader Antonio José Chávez, the son of a former governor of New Mexico,
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executions and Mexican invasions, but his battalion was quickly arrested and disarmed by the US troops escorting the caravans. After disarming these men, Captain
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was tasked by French authorities to establish a route to trade with the Spanish colony of Santa Fe in New Mexico. This first expedition, which started in
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In the 1820s–1830s, it was also sporadically important in the reverse trade, used by traders to transport foods and supplies to the
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Access documents, photographs, and other primary sources on Kansas Memory, the Kansas State Historical Society's digital portal
862:. Ruts in the earth made from the trail are still visible in several locations (Ralph's Ruts are visible in aerial photos at (
2020:"National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Nomination Form: Historic Resources of the Santa Fe Trail, 1821–1880"
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2328:
2188:
The Story of the Marking of the Santa Fe Trail by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Kansas and the State of Kansas
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at the U.S. end of the Santa Fe Trail demanded justice and a return to the stable commerce which their economy depended on.
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Warfield headed toward the Rockies with a companion, McDaniel led a robbery in April 1843 (in present-day Rice County,
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to connect eastern markets to the Dodge City cattle trail and Colorado coal mines, the railroad spurred the growth of
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more difficulty. If a storm developed, there was often no place to take shelter and the livestock could get spooked.
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West of Garden City in southwestern Kansas the trail splits into two branches. One of the branches, called the
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From Watrous, the reunited branches continued southward to Santa Fe. Part of this route has been designated a
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showing lands claimed by Texas after 1836 and present-day outline of New Mexico on the boundaries of 1836–1845
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In 1863, while railroad legislation underwent continual revisions, entrepreneurs grew more interested in the
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404:. Manufactured goods were hauled from Missouri to Santa Fe, which was then in the northern Mexican state of
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1823:"Republic of Texas | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)"
1289:(Santa Fe trail Ruts, Lower Independence (Blue Mills) Landing, Upper Independence (Wayne City) Landing.
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With the development of rail transport, traffic on the Trail soon dropped to merely local trade. After
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1325:(Jackson's Grove and Island, Santa Fe Trail Ruts, Middle Crossing, Point of Rocks, Fort Atkinson Site)
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1904:
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1314:(Kaw Mission, Neosho River Crossing, Hermit's Cave, Last Chance Store, Council Oak, Post Office Oak)
336:. Traders and settlers crossed the southwest of North America by the route connecting Independence,
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705:. Most of these Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexican towns were first serviced by the Santa Fe Trail.
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Santa Fe trail, Official Map and Guide; National Park Service; Harpers Ferry, West Virginia; 1997
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to plunder Mexican merchant caravans on territory claimed by Texas, in retaliation for recent
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In 1825, the merchant Manuel Escudero of Chihuahua was commissioned by New Mexico governor
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2018:
Gallagher, Joseph J., Alice Edwards, Lachlan F. Blair, and Hugh Davidson (March 8, 1993).
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518:(political chief or governor) and as commanding military officer. In 1837, the forces of
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become the majority of traders involved in the traffic of goods over the Santa Fe Trail.
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made another pioneering trip on the route in 1792, and French traders and trappers from
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Settlers seeking the opportunity to hold free land used wagon trains to follow various
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27:
19th-century route through central North America between Franklin, MO, and Santa Fe, NM
2297:
Santa Fe National Historic Trail: Comprehensive Management and Use Plan Map Supplement
2197:
2174:
1661:
Down the Santa Fe Trail and Into Mexico: The Diary of Susan Shelby Magoffin, 1846–1847
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and gave back the ticket price as part of the purchase price if a sale was concluded.
221:. A highway route that roughly follows the trail's path, through the entire length of
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1957:
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783:. The route across Missouri first used by Becknell followed portions of the existing
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Connections along the Santa Fe Railroad, showing the principal regular stops on the
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579:. Houston agreed, provided the operation be conducted under the strictest secrecy.
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or the Upper Crossing continues up the Arkansas River to the confluence with the
858:. West of Lyons the trail followed nearly the route of present-day Highway 56 to
832:
359:, failed, as it was stopped by Indian tribes in Kansas. Then, at the time of the
511:
2553:
2548:
2520:
2199:
Along the Old Trail: a History of the Old and a Story of the New Santa Fe Trail
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Merchants of Independence: International Trade on the Santa Fe Trail, 1827–1860
1780:
Bound for Santa Fe: The Road to New Mexico and the American Conquest, 1806–1848
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and the Medicine Trails. West of Franklin, the trail crossed the Missouri near
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The route skirted the northern edge and crossed the north-western corner of
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Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory
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1665:. Copyright 1926, 1962 by Yale University Press. Univ. of Nebraska Press.
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811:. Independence was also one of the historic "jumping off points" for the
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559:, for Santa Fe. They represented the Republic of Texas and its president
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316:
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a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
606:, where the Mexican forces had made chase. After Warfield's men reached
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2162:
1367:
1193:
1114: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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804:
702:
665: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
523:
372:
271: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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regime, under French and then Spanish sovereignty, the French traders
159:, the trail served as a vital commercial highway until 1880, when the
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Commerce of the Prairies: The Journal of a Santa Fe Trader – Volume 1
2228:
Commerce of the Prairies: The Journal of a Santa Fe Trader – Volume 2
1653:
897:. Branches of the trail followed both sides of the river upstream to
767:
End of the Santa Fe Trail marker on the Plaza in Santa Fe, New Mexico
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444:
376:
345:
152:
2358:
Santa Fe Trail Research Site Aerial Photo Tour of the Santa Fe Trail
2347:
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640:
602:, leaving five dead. Warfield lost his horses after an encounter in
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2057:"National Historic Landmarks Program (NHL): Santa Fe Trail Remains"
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Former U.S. Army outpost on the Santa Fe Trail, now a rest area on
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and northern New Mexico, has been designated as the Santa Fe Trail
226:
187:
160:
91:
79:
71:
2313:
Santa Fe Trail: Brief Summary of the Santa Fe Trail through Kansas
763:
917:
2374:
1158:, there was a serious danger of Indian attacks, for neither the
717:. As the name suggests, the intended eastern terminus was to be
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Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico
1377:
1185:
1163:
620:
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555:
In 1841, a small military and trading expedition departed from
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in 1815, who were arrested by Spanish authorities in Santa Fe.
222:
75:
1579:"The Quest for a National Road - The National Old Trails Road"
1142:
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that branched off to points west. The political philosophy of
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Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
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Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
2772:
Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
2535:
1727:
Murder on the Santa Fe Trail: an International Incident, 1843
1263:
Santa Fe Trail marker at the Cuerno Verde Rest Area, Colorado
397:
83:
328:
The Santa Fe Trail was a transportation route opened by the
119:
2335:
791:, after which it followed roughly the route of present-day
1925:"Aerial Photos Topo Maps of Santa Fe Trail Ruts and Sites"
1657:; Lamar, Howard R (1982). Drumm, Stella Madeleine (ed.).
1216:. The longest clearly identifiable section of the trail,
1729:, El Paso, Texas: The University of Texas El Paso (1987)
822:
West of Independence, it roughly followed the route of
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made a first trip in 1739 and 1740, starting also from
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mainline, including cattle drive destinations such as
530:(the lower Rio Grande, or southern New Mexico) led by
2388:
Glorieta and Raton Passes: Gateways to the Southwest,
171:. The trail was later incorporated into parts of the
2123:
Indians, Alcohol, and the Roads to Taos and Santa Fe
744:
the trail gradually became a paved automobile road.
537:
838:From Olathe, the trail passed through the towns of
1851:
1687:
1658:
614:under the command of Snively. New Mexico Governor
163:arrived in Santa Fe. Santa Fe was near the end of
2261:. Kansas City, MO.: Ramsey, Millett & Hudson.
2251:
2753:
2176:The Story of Council Grove on the Santa Fe Trail
1605:"The Route of the 1926 National Old Trails Road"
1202:85th and Manchester "Three Trails" Trail Segment
771:The eastern end of the trail was in the central
2434:
2375:New Mexico Santa Fe Trail National Scenic Byway
1858:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
1230:Santa Fe Trail Mountain Route – Bent's New Fort
2344:at Pecos National Park (National Park Service)
2329:Popular History Of The Santa Fe Trail Is Wrong
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
205:used the Santa Fe Trail to invade New Mexico.
2847:National Historic Trails of the United States
2420:
2236:
2221:
1214:Santa Fe Trail – Saline County Trail Segments
999:
2041:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1754:"Narrative of the Texan Santa FĂ© Expedition"
893:). At Great Bend, the trail encountered the
2812:Native American trails in the United States
2202:. Multiple Editors. Tucker Vernon Co. 1910.
2164:The Santa Fe Trail to California, 1849–1852
2100:
2074:
1975:
1973:
1633:. Yale University Press. pp. 159–160.
455:Santa Fe was near the northern terminus of
2427:
2413:
1628:
1464:Northern Rio Grande National Heritage Area
1308:(Shawnee Mission, Big Blue River Crossing)
1255:Santa Fe Trail Ruts west of Larned, Kansas
1210:Santa Fe Trail – Grand Pass Trail Segments
1006:
992:
571:In 1842, Colonel William A. Christy wrote
514:to govern the department of New Mexico as
348:, with its port on the Mississippi River.
2817:Trails and roads in the American Old West
2526:Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route
1956:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
1947:
1945:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1805:"Kansas: A Encyclopedia of State History"
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1130:Learn how and when to remove this message
1030:continuing along the Purgatoire River to
681:Learn how and when to remove this message
630:
485:
287:Learn how and when to remove this message
131:was a 19th-century route through central
2842:1822 establishments in the United States
1979:
1970:
1913:. St. Louis: Western Historical Company.
1903:
1258:
1250:
1239:
1175:
1141:
762:
751:
692:
489:
315:
298:
2792:Historic trails and roads in New Mexico
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1984:. New York: Hastings House Publishers.
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14:
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2184:
2160:
2140:
1951:
1942:
1849:
1836:
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1742:Pan American Publishing Company (1978)
1712:
1685:
1609:Society for American Baseball Research
1514:Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site
1363:Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site
1276:(Arrow Rock Landing, Santa Fe Spring,
1232:is included on the National Register.
2857:Native American history of New Mexico
2837:New Mexico Scenic and Historic Byways
2807:Historic trails and roads in Oklahoma
2802:Historic trails and roads in Missouri
2762:Historic trails and roads in Colorado
2408:
2120:
1415:(Aztec Mill, Cimarron Plaza and Well)
1065:, joining up with northern branch at
715:Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
713:, leading to the construction of the
396:which had just won independence from
2309:
1496:Oregon-California Trails Association
1198:National Register of Historic Places
1112:adding citations to reliable sources
1083:
663:adding citations to reliable sources
634:
474:in Wyoming to the Santa Fe Trail at
450:
269:adding citations to reliable sources
240:
18:Mountain Route of the Santa Fe Trail
2872:Native American history of Oklahoma
2867:Native American history of Missouri
2852:Native American history of Colorado
2797:Historic trails and roads in Kansas
2572:Captain John Smith Chesapeake Trail
2395:Pioneer Trails from US Land Surveys
2293:
2008:, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2013. p. 115.
1486:OK: Cimarron County Historic Places
1460:, Oldest House in the United States
1235:
344:. Its major market in Missouri was
304:Arrival of the caravan at Santa Fe,
24:
2316:. Kansas State Historical Society.
2094:
1552:Scenic byways in the United States
1509:Fort Larned National Historic Site
1481:KS: Johnson County Historic Places
1476:MO: Jackson County Historic Places
1318:Fort Larned National Historic Site
330:Indigenous people of North America
208:After the U.S. acquisition of the
25:
2883:
2862:Native American history of Kansas
2471:El Camino Real de los Tejas Trail
2322:
2258:Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail
2105:. Truman State University Press.
2006:Anton ou la trajectoire d'un père
1880:"A History of the Santa Fe Trail"
1777:Hyslop, Stephen Garrison (2001).
1491:NM: Colfax County Historic Places
1200:. In Missouri, this includes the
627:allowed them to return to Texas.
538:Conflict between Texas and Mexico
2476:El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
1783:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1088:
916:
639:
544:Texan raids on New Mexico (1843)
470:Cargo mule trains were run from
457:El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
245:
219:Santa Fe National Historic Trail
165:El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
120:Santa Fe National Historic Trail
56:
2049:
2011:
1998:
1897:
1872:
1815:
1797:
1740:Padre Martinez and Bishop Lamy,
1548:museum in Kansas City, Missouri
1099:needs additional citations for
756:Santa Fe Trail highway sign in
650:needs additional citations for
447:in ports on the Pacific Coast.
256:needs additional citations for
43:Santa Fe Trail (disambiguation)
2125:. University Press of Kansas.
1770:
1745:
1732:
1679:
1647:
1622:
1597:
1583:Federal Highway Administration
1571:
1540:Santa Fe Trail Historical Park
1448:Pecos National Historical Park
510:In 1835, Mexico City had sent
365:Pierre Antoine and Paul Mallet
13:
1:
1564:
1079:
911:Historical trails of Colorado
459:, which led overland between
307:
1694:. Abbeville Press. pp.
1686:Peters, Arthur King (1996).
1519:Fort Union National Monument
1505:Related National Park Units
1443:Fort Union National Monument
351:In 1719, the French officer
7:
2481:Juan Bautista de Anza Trail
2436:U.S. National Trails System
1469:
1393:Cimarron National Grassland
1283:Harvey Spring/Weinrich Ruts
881:38.35959264°N 98.42225502°W
465:San Juan Pueblo, New Mexico
402:Mexican War of Independence
10:
2888:
2715:National Recreation Trails
2600:Star-Spangled Banner Trail
2594:Overmountain Victory Trail
2276:Maps of the Santa Fe Trail
1629:Hämäläinen, Pekka (2008).
1226:National Historic Landmark
1180:Segments of this trail in
541:
236:
225:, the southeast corner of
40:
29:
2733:
2713:
2695:
2613:
2580:
2562:
2534:
2516:Selma to Montgomery Trail
2451:
2442:
2336:The Great Prairie Highway
2274:Franzwa, Gregory (1989).
2101:O'Brien, William (2014).
1980:Stocking, Hobart (1971).
1244:Santa Fe Trail marker in
1034:, then south through the
886:38.35959264; -98.42225502
779:on the north bank of the
610:on foot, they disbanded.
565:Texan Santa Fe Expedition
167:which carried trade from
115:
105:
97:
67:
62:Map of the Santa Fe Trail
55:
50:
2640:Continental Divide Trail
2590:(motor, land, and water)
2444:National Historic Trails
2161:Watson, Douglas (1931).
1952:Vestal, Stanley (1996).
1752:Kendall, George (1884).
1431:Kiowa National Grassland
1206:Arrow Rock Ferry Landing
747:
173:National Old Trails Road
151:, who departed from the
30:Not to be confused with
2697:National Geologic Trail
2682:Pacific Northwest Trail
2353:Santa Fe Trail Research
2338:(National Park Service)
2185:Cordry, Almira (1915).
2173:Brigham, Lalla (1921).
2141:Peters, Arthur (1996).
2121:Unrau, William (2013).
1910:History of Boone County
1542:in El Monte, California
1535:Trinidad History Museum
1045:) to the valley of the
625:Philip St. George Cooke
589:Francisco Xavier Chávez
382:Auguste Pierre Chouteau
353:Claude Charles Du Tisne
186:, the territory of the
147:. Pioneered in 1821 by
2741:Triple Crown of Hiking
2687:Potomac Heritage Trail
2615:National Scenic Trails
2536:Natural surface trails
2212:: CS1 maint: others (
1954:The Old Santa Fe Trail
1655:Magoffin, Susan Shelby
1526:Santa Fe Trail Remains
1458:De Vargas Street House
1264:
1256:
1248:
1218:Santa Fe Trail Remains
1150:
1057:then continued toward
939:Goodnight–Loving Trail
826:from near the town of
768:
760:
706:
631:Mother of the railroad
499:
486:Importance of Santa Fe
427:Independence, Missouri
325:
324:in northern New Mexico
313:
2588:Lewis and Clark Trail
2348:Santa Fe Trail Center
2302:National Park Service
2179:. Council Grove? Kan.
2167:. E. and R. Grabhorn.
1811:on November 17, 2005.
1531:Santa Fe Trail Museum
1262:
1254:
1243:
1176:Historic preservation
1145:
1074:National Scenic Byway
850:, then swung west of
795:. It passed north of
766:
755:
730:Kansas City, Missouri
696:
493:
319:
306:lithograph published
302:
231:National Scenic Byway
215:National Park Service
110:National Park Service
2832:New Mexico Territory
2705:Ice Age Floods Trail
2461:Butterfield Overland
1982:The Road to Santa Fe
1905:Switzler, William F.
1738:Ray John de Aragon,
1419:Philmont Scout Ranch
1108:improve this article
1059:Boise City, Oklahoma
758:Cimarron, New Mexico
659:improve this article
342:Santa Fe, New Mexico
265:improve this article
199:Mexican–American War
197:In 1846, during the
41:For other uses, see
36:Santa Fe River Trail
2827:Jefferson Territory
2677:Pacific Crest Trail
2665:North Country Trail
2660:Natchez Trace Trail
2453:Scenic motor routes
2145:. Abbeville Press.
1850:Duffus, R. (1972).
1631:The Comanche Empire
1585:. December 19, 1911
1147:Santa Fe Trail Ruts
1063:Clayton, New Mexico
979:Ute Pass Wagon Road
969:Taos Mountain Trail
912:
877: /
369:Kaskaskia, Illinois
357:Kaskaskia, Illinois
106:Governing body
32:Santa Fe Rail Trail
2822:Colorado Territory
2506:Pony Express Trail
2380:2006-12-29 at the
2363:2023-02-06 at the
1854:The Santa Fe Trail
1295:(Westport Landing)
1265:
1257:
1249:
1222:Dodge City, Kansas
1196:are listed on the
1151:
964:South Platte Trail
910:
769:
761:
711:American Southwest
707:
500:
442:lucrative overland
334:Louisiana Purchase
326:
314:
203:United States Army
192:habitat disruption
137:Franklin, Missouri
2749:
2748:
2645:New England Trail
2623:Appalachian Trail
2609:
2608:
2602:(motor and water)
2544:Ala Kahakai Trail
2496:Old Spanish Trail
2278:. Patrice Press.
2253:Inman, Col. Henry
2143:Seven Trails West
1690:Seven trails West
1558:Tree in the Trail
1224:, is listed as a
1140:
1139:
1132:
1049:near the town of
1038:into New Mexico.
1016:
1015:
944:Old Spanish Trail
817:California Trails
691:
690:
683:
577:Republic of Texas
561:Mirabeau B. Lamar
550:Republic of Texas
496:Republic of Texas
451:North–South trade
297:
296:
289:
155:region along the
125:
124:
16:(Redirected from
2879:
2596:(motor and land)
2466:California Trail
2449:
2448:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2317:
2305:
2289:
2262:
2247:
2232:
2217:
2211:
2203:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2136:
2116:
2088:
2085:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2059:. Archived from
2053:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2015:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1927:. Archived from
1921:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1884:santafetrail.org
1876:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:. Tshaonline.org
1819:
1813:
1812:
1807:. Archived from
1801:
1795:
1794:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1758:en.wikiquote.org
1749:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1723:
1710:
1709:
1693:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1575:
1546:Trailside Center
1246:Coolidge, Kansas
1236:Notable features
1135:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1092:
1084:
1024:Purgatoire River
1008:
1001:
994:
959:Smoky Hill Trail
920:
913:
909:
892:
891:
889:
888:
887:
882:
878:
875:
874:
873:
870:
719:Atchison, Kansas
686:
679:
675:
672:
666:
643:
635:
600:Mora, New Mexico
419:manifest destiny
312:
309:
292:
285:
281:
278:
272:
249:
241:
149:William Becknell
60:
48:
47:
21:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2729:
2709:
2691:
2605:
2576:
2558:
2530:
2491:Nez Perce Trail
2438:
2433:
2382:Wayback Machine
2365:Wayback Machine
2325:
2286:
2246:. H.G. Langley.
2231:. H.G. Langley.
2205:
2204:
2196:
2191:. Crane and Co.
2153:
2133:
2113:
2097:
2095:Further reading
2092:
2091:
2086:
2075:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2054:
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2034:
2033:
2027:
2025:
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2016:
2012:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1978:
1971:
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1950:
1943:
1934:
1932:
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1918:
1902:
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1652:
1648:
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1623:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1472:
1238:
1228:. In Colorado,
1178:
1136:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1105:
1093:
1082:
1012:
983:
974:Trapper's Trail
885:
883:
879:
876:
871:
868:
866:
864:
863:
854:to the town of
833:Gardner, Kansas
750:
687:
676:
670:
667:
656:
644:
633:
546:
540:
488:
453:
415:emigrant trails
310:
293:
282:
276:
273:
262:
250:
239:
135:that connected
63:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2885:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2767:Santa Fe Trail
2764:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2717:
2711:
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2708:
2707:
2701:
2699:
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2689:
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2647:
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2611:
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2607:
2606:
2604:
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2597:
2591:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2554:Iditarod Trail
2551:
2549:Chilkoot Trail
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2521:Trail of Tears
2518:
2513:
2511:Santa Fe Trail
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2446:
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2409:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2384:
2372:
2367:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2342:Santa Fe Trail
2339:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2323:External links
2321:
2320:
2319:
2307:
2291:
2285:978-0935284683
2284:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2249:
2234:
2219:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2152:978-0789206787
2151:
2138:
2132:978-0700619146
2131:
2118:
2112:978-1612480909
2111:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2073:
2063:on May 1, 2015
2048:
2010:
2004:Samuel Gance,
1997:
1991:978-0803863149
1990:
1969:
1963:978-0803296152
1962:
1941:
1916:
1896:
1871:
1865:978-0826302359
1864:
1835:
1814:
1796:
1790:978-0806133898
1789:
1769:
1744:
1731:
1725:Marc Simmons,
1711:
1705:978-1558597822
1704:
1678:
1672:978-0803281165
1671:
1646:
1640:978-0300126549
1639:
1621:
1596:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1533:, part of the
1528:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1434:
1433:
1425:Cimarron Route
1422:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1404:Mountain Route
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1388:Cimarron River
1374:Cimarron Route
1371:
1370:
1365:
1357:Mountain Route
1354:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:Arkansas River
1335:Mountain Route
1332:
1331:
1329:Point of Rocks
1326:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1270:
1269:
1237:
1234:
1177:
1174:
1172:being raided.
1138:
1137:
1096:
1094:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1047:Cimarron River
1020:Mountain Route
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1003:
996:
988:
985:
984:
982:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
954:Santa Fe Trail
951:
949:Overland Trail
946:
941:
936:
934:Cherokee Trail
930:
927:
926:
922:
921:
895:Arkansas River
781:Missouri River
749:
746:
726:Missouri River
689:
688:
647:
645:
638:
632:
629:
539:
536:
504:Bartolome Baca
487:
484:
452:
449:
295:
294:
253:
251:
244:
238:
235:
157:Missouri River
129:Santa Fe Trail
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
51:Santa Fe Trail
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2884:
2873:
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2726:
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2721:
2720:
2718:
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2712:
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2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Ice Age Trail
2653:
2651:
2650:Florida Trail
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Arizona Trail
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
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2612:
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2310:KSHS (1911).
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2267:
2266:
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2259:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2238:Gregg, Josiah
2235:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2223:Gregg, Josiah
2220:
2215:
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2190:
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2014:
2007:
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1987:
1983:
1976:
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1959:
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1931:on 2023-02-06
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1409:Clifton House
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1312:Council Grove
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1298:
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1278:Huston Tavern
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1149:at Fort Union
1148:
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1113:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1097:This section
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824:U.S. Route 56
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793:U.S. Route 24
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616:Manuel Armijo
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133:North America
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2564:Water trails
2510:
2501:Oregon Trail
2486:Mormon Trail
2387:
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2294:NPS (1990).
2275:
2257:
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2102:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:the original
2051:
2026:. Retrieved
2013:
2005:
2000:
1981:
1953:
1933:. Retrieved
1929:the original
1919:
1909:
1899:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:
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1827:. Retrieved
1817:
1809:the original
1799:
1779:
1772:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1689:
1681:
1660:
1649:
1630:
1624:
1614:November 24,
1612:. Retrieved
1608:
1599:
1589:November 24,
1587:. Retrieved
1582:
1573:
1556:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1423:
1403:
1402:
1373:
1372:
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1355:
1334:
1333:
1287:Independence
1179:
1169:Rattlesnakes
1156:Oregon Trail
1152:
1126:
1117:
1106:Please help
1101:verification
1098:
1071:
1042:
1040:
1019:
1017:
953:
907:
840:Baldwin City
837:
821:
809:Independence
770:
738:
734:land offices
723:
708:
677:
671:October 2017
668:
657:Please help
652:verification
649:
612:
597:
593:
581:
570:
568:activities.
554:
547:
527:
519:
515:
512:Albino PĂ©rez
509:
501:
472:Fort Bernard
469:
454:
438:mountain men
434:fur trappers
431:
412:
407:Nuevo Mexico
405:
390:
386:Jules de Mun
350:
327:
303:
283:
277:January 2016
274:
263:Please help
258:verification
255:
218:
207:
196:
181:
128:
126:
2581:Combination
2233:;318 pages.
1501:Pawnee Rock
1437:Joint route
1306:Kansas City
1293:Kansas City
903:Garden City
884: /
785:Osage Trace
742:World War I
608:Bent's Fort
604:Wagon Mound
573:Sam Houston
522:(the upper
494:Map of the
461:Mexico City
373:Pierre Vial
311: 1844
184:Comancheria
169:Mexico City
98:Established
2756:Categories
2306:121 pages.
2290:196 pages.
2263:287 pages.
2248:320 pages.
2218:190 pages.
2193:162 pages.
2181:168 pages.
2169:272 pages.
2157:252 pages.
2137:208 pages.
2117:224 pages.
2067:2007-04-10
2028:2007-04-10
1935:2007-12-28
1829:2012-11-18
1763:2017-10-25
1565:References
1399:New Mexico
1368:Raton Pass
1323:Fort Dodge
1274:Arrow Rock
1194:New Mexico
1080:Challenges
1067:Fort Union
1043:La Jornada
1036:Raton Pass
899:Dodge City
872:98°25′20″W
869:38°21′35″N
860:Great Bend
844:Burlingame
807:, then to
805:Fort Osage
799:, through
789:Arrow Rock
703:Dodge City
542:See also:
524:Rio Grande
520:Rio Arriba
423:St. Joseph
145:New Mexico
88:New Mexico
2318:21 pages.
2208:cite book
1120:July 2021
852:McPherson
801:Lexington
699:AT&SF
528:Rio Abajo
476:Fort Bent
445:fur trade
377:St. Louis
361:Louisiana
346:St. Louis
210:Southwest
153:Boonslick
2724:Category
2670:by state
2628:by state
2378:Archived
2361:Archived
2255:(1881).
2240:(1844).
2225:(1844).
2037:cite web
1907:(1882).
1889:31 March
1470:See also
1453:Santa Fe
1413:Cimarron
1382:Oklahoma
1380:towards
1352:Colorado
1347:Crossing
1339:Colorado
1337:towards
1268:Missouri
1190:Oklahoma
1182:Missouri
1162:nor the
1160:Comanche
1032:Trinidad
1028:La Junta
797:Marshall
777:Franklin
775:town of
773:Missouri
480:Colorado
338:Missouri
227:Colorado
188:Comanche
161:railroad
141:Santa Fe
92:Colorado
80:Oklahoma
72:Missouri
68:Location
2734:Related
1220:, near
1055:Elkhart
1051:Ulysses
400:in the
340:, with
237:History
217:as the
139:, with
116:Website
2282:
2149:
2129:
2109:
1988:
1960:
1862:
1787:
1702:
1669:
1637:
1378:Kansas
1300:Kansas
1212:, and
1192:, and
1186:Kansas
1164:Apache
925:Trails
846:, and
828:Olathe
813:Oregon
621:Texian
585:Kansas
394:Mexico
223:Kansas
201:, the
76:Kansas
2023:(PDF)
1376:thru
1061:, to
1026:near
856:Lyons
748:Route
398:Spain
84:Texas
2280:ISBN
2268:Maps
2214:link
2147:ISBN
2127:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2043:link
1986:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1891:2019
1860:ISBN
1785:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1667:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1616:2022
1591:2022
1053:and
901:and
815:and
548:The
436:and
425:and
384:and
322:I-25
175:and
127:The
101:1822
1110:by
803:to
661:by
478:in
463:to
267:by
34:or
2758::
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