1109:"The development around Living Well is based on the ability to recover the link with nature and with social memory, which in agrarian communities is centered on the land, in nomadic communities in the forest and in urban communities in the neighborhood and the city, in order to discard the deliberate procedure of separating societies from their cultural roots, through monocultural domination. Planning seeks to organize development and strengthen the principle of intrinsic relationship between Bolivian cultures and nature as a nexus that generates visions about the world; of interpretations of the work; of identities about time and its myths; construction of territoriality and power. The solid links of Bolivian cultures with nature are a heritage of all and constitute an enormous comparative advantage in relation to a capitalist development model, whose basic development equation, associated with the predation of natural resources with short-term profits, is in crisis. Our proposal for a new development, whose roots are rooted in cultural plurality, in the encounter and in the complementarity of knowledge, has the objective of putting an end to the myth of linear progress that seeks to divide cultures into “modern” and “backward”; between “primitive” and “advanced”. This developmental trap entails the annihilation of other temporalities, other memories, other contributions to the construction of interhuman relationships and other relationships with time and space. In such a way that one of the horizons of this Strategy is to contribute to the preservation of other meanings about the relationship between humanity and nature."
1115:“The beginning of the 21st century is a time of great opportunities for our country. The capitalist model of accumulation and the consumption patterns of "western civilization" have entered into crisis. Against this backdrop, Bolivia emerges with a new political and philosophical proposal, the Democratic and Cultural Revolution, which is aimed at forging a just, diverse, inclusive, balanced and harmonious world with nature for the "Living Well" of all peoples worldwide. In this context, the government of President Evo Morales has brought to international forums a series of proposals to innovate diplomatic relations between States, to seek integration and trade between peoples and, above all, to promote a new type of relationship between human beings and the environment. Thus, in early 2009, he proposed to the United Nations Assembly the "10 Commandments to Save the Planet, Humanity and Life", a document that was taken as the basis for the UN to declare April 22 as "Mother Earth Day". It is undeniable, then, that our country has inscribed its leadership in the international arena. For this reason, our Government Program proposes to give continuity to the international relations policies that the Foreign Ministry has been developing and that are part of the National Development Plan.”
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of the nationalities." In the COB's 9th
Congress (May 1992, Sucre), a thesis for worker-indigenous unity in "constructing a political instrument" was approved. Numerous prominent future leaders of the MAS, including Evo Morales, Félix Patzi, and David Choquehuanca met on 7 November 1992 in a gathering organized by CSUTCB, CSCB, CIDOB, FNMCB (Bartolina Sisa), and the COB, which decided to call for withdrawal from existing parties and to consolidate as an independent political force. The August–September 1994 cocalero march also endorsed the creation of a political instrument.
50:
861:, MAS-IPSP sought to expand its influence outside its peasant base. Evo Morales stood as presidential candidate and Antonio Peredo as vice-presidential candidate. By launching Peredo for the vice-presidency, MAS-IPSP attempted to gain influence amongst the urban middle classes. MAS-IPSP also made an appeal for the supporters of the Marxist left groups to join the campaign and present themselves as MAS-IPSP candidates. Prominent MAS-IPSP leaders recruited for the 2002 election campaign included Gustavo Torrico, Manuel Morales Dávila and Jorge Alvaro.
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1103:"The main and national objective of the MAS economic program is to improve the conditions and quality of life of all Bolivians. A process of changing the development pattern will begin due to the failure and negative balances left by State Capitalism and Neoliberalism. The productive, dignified and sovereign State will be built based on the current characteristics of the country: structural heterogeneity, regional asymmetry, political, economic and social exclusion, and high levels of poverty and human degradation."
1034:, MAS-IPSP won the post of governor in six departements (La Paz, Oruro, Potosí, Pando, Chuquisaca and Cochabamba) and finished second in the remaining three (Santa Cruz, Tarija and Beni). In Chuquisaca MAS-IPSP had launched 29-year-old Estaban Urquizu as its candidate for governor. Urquizu won with 53.9% of the votes, becoming the youngest governor in Bolivian history. In La Paz Department MAS-IPSP dropped its candidate Félix Patzi shortly before the elections, after Patzi was arrested for drunk driving.
1097:'s rhetoric from the struggles of 2000. However, unlike Quispe, the MAS-IPSP never went as far as to create an exclusively indigenous political profile, and Morales maintained that an alliance with non-indigenous actors and the middle classes was a necessity. The seventh congress of MAS-IPSP, held in January 2009, approved a document titled "Communitarian socialism to liberate Bolivia from the colonial state", envisioning the path of a 'cultural and democratic revolution' in Bolivia.
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872:, who threatened Bolivians that US economic aid to Bolivia would be cut if Morales won. Morales has credited ambassador Rocha for the success of MAS, stating that "very statement made against us helped us to grow and awaken the conscience of the people." Anti-US sentiment was further exacerbated when the new ambassador, David Greenlee, made it clear that he would not approve of any president other than
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members required for registration) angered MAS-IPSP followers. Both within MAS-IPSP and amongst political analysts the smooth registration of MIP was described as a move by the political establishment to divide the indigenous vote and to spoil the chances of a possible MAS-IPSP/MIP alliance. By this time IPSP had been denied registration by the
National Electoral Court four times, citing minor details.
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1134:, the political character of MAS-IPSP has evolved through the combination of "an eclectic indianism and the critical and self-critical traditions of the intellectual left-wing that began to Indianize Marxism from the 1980s and onwards". According to García Linera, a "flexible indianism" enabled MAS-IPSP to gather support from a variety of sectors. Bolivian writer and economist
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918:, Evo Morales was again the presidential candidate of MAS-IPSP. He won a clear majority with 53.7% of the valid presidential vote—the first since the restoration of democracy that a presidential candidate had won without the need for a runoff. MAS-IPSP obtained 43.5% of the valid uninominal vote, which gave it 72 out of 130 seats in the
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as
Education Minister, Félipe Caceres as Vice Minister of Social Defense, Alicia Muñoz as Minister of Government, Juan Ramón Quintana as Minister of the Presidency, Carlos Villegas as Minister of Economic Planning and Walter Villarroel as Mining Minister. Two MAS-IPSP heavyweights, Santos Ramírez and
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uprisings in 2000 and 2001 and the coca growers' struggle in
Chapare. While social movements are by no means new in Bolivia, a country with a long history of revolution due to political and class struggle, this protest cycle marked a renewal of militancy and growing successful organizational planning
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According to Carlos
Toranzo Roca, the politics of MAS-IPSP is largely a continuation of the traditional Latin American populism which in Bolivia is rooted in the 1952 revolution. According to him, a key element of this feature is clientelistic relations of distribution combined with anti-imperialist
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tradition and from the indigenous peoples' movement in eastern
Bolivia, criticizing the modern nation state as a failed construct of 'internal colonialism' and inherently racist. Thus the movement seeks to construct a plurinational state based on autonomies of the indigenous peoples. In the MAS-IPSP
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When the first MAS-IPSP cabinet was formed, it had Andrés Soliz Rada as
Minister for Hydrocarbons, David Choquehuanca as Foreign Minister, Casimira Rodríguez as Justice Minister, Salvador Ric Reira as Minister for Public Works and Services, Hugo Salvatierra as Rural Development Minister, Álex Gálvez
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platforms during the past decades, MAS-IPSP and MIP differed from these parties through its strong connections to the peasant organizations. However, the fact that MIP had been accorded registration as a political party by the
National Electoral Court (in spite of falling short of having the 10,000
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Carlos Burgoa Maya traces the initiative for a political instrument to the Third
Congress of the CSUTCB (26 June–3 July 1987, Cochabamba) in which several proposals were merged into a document proposing an "Assembly of Nationalities" including traditional authorities to forge "political instruments
772:(MAS). The decision to go for elections as MAS was taken in Cochabamba in 1998. IPSP decided to adopt the name, banner and colours (cobalt blue, black, and white) of MAS. In January 1999, the organization adopted the name MAS-IPSP. This move provoked a split between IPSP and the new CSUTCB leader,
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After the 1997 elections a split occurred in ASP and Evo
Morales was expelled from the organization. In 1998 the supporters of Evo Morales founded the Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (IPSP). Notably, the majority of the grassroots supporters of ASP sided with Morales in the
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The founding member organizations of MAS-IPSP are CSUTCB, CSCB, and the Bartolina Sisa federation. At the sixth MAS-IPSP congress, held in November 2006, four new organizations were admitted as members of MAS-IPSP: Confederación Nacional de Maestros Rurales, Confederación de Gremiales de Bolivia,
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has developed, which also emerged as a political vehicle of social movements. Clause 42 of the Organic Bylaws of MAS-IPSP stipulated that candidates in national and local elections should be elected through direct vote at assemblies. The majority of the MAS-IPSP candidatures in the 1999 and 2002
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The National Leadership (Dirección Nacional, DN) of MAS-IPSP is composed of representatives of the constituent organizations affiliated with MAS-IPSP. It is more of a loosely coordinated body rather than a party leadership in the traditional sense. Notably MAS-IPSP has not been institutionally
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A 2021 statute noted that the MAS-IPSP is governed by the following principles: Anti-imperialism, Anti-capitalism, Anti-colonialism, Complementarity, Historical memory, Pluralism, Exercise of Plurinationality, Plurinational Identity, Internal Democracy, Internal Discipline, Equality and gender
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IPSP was founded as a 'political instrument', an organization distinct from the traditional political parties. Hervé do Alto defines the organization as both a political party and a federation of social movements at the same time. As such, MAS-IPSP tends to follow a bottom-up, decentralized
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Since taking office, the MAS-IPSP government has emphasized modernization of the country, promoting industrialization, increased state intervention in the economy, social and cultural inclusion, and redistribution of revenue from natural resources through various social service programs.
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The seventh congress of MAS-IPSP was held 10–12 January 2009. At this congress two organizations were included as new members of MAS-IPSP; the National Federation of Mining Cooperatives (Fencomin, which claims a membership of around 40,000) and the Regional Workers Centre (COR) from
671:) had been negative. Rather the organization began discussing the possibility of launching a 'political instrument', a structure in which the trade unions would enter as collective members. The idea would be to combine social and political struggles, to have one branch in the
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and Federico Fuentes, MAS-IPSP represents a "new indigenous nationalism" based on two sets of historical memories, that of the peasant movement (represented through CSUTCB) and that of the indigenous movement (represented through CIDOB), and combines elements of indigenismo,
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MAS-IPSP got 65,425 votes (3.3% of the nationwide votes) and won 81 local council seats (4.8% of the seats in the country) in 1999. According to a study by Xavier Albó and Victor Quispe, the vast majority of the MAS-IPSP councilors elected in the 1999 municipal election were
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Whilst Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was re-elected as President of Bolivia by Congress, Evo Morales came in second place with just 1.5% fewer votes than Sánchez de Lozada. MAS-IPSP got 14.6% of the valid uninominal vote, which gave the movement 27 out of 130 seats in the
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In January 2002, Morales was expelled from the parliament after being accused of masterminding violent confrontations between police and coca growers in Sacaba. The expulsion of Morales from the parliament contributed to the political popularity of MAS-IPSP.
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was held regarding the posts of president Morales, vice-president Garcia Linera and different prefects. Morales and Garcia Linera got their mandate affirmed by a wide majority, reaching 83% of the votes in La Paz and 71% of the votes in
899:. The election result shocked both political analysts as well as MAS-IPSP itself. Out of the elected MAS-IPSP legislators, ten identified themselves as indigenous or peasants, twelve as leftwing intellectuals or labour leaders.
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The 2006 elections to the Constituent Assembly further consolidated the position of MAS-IPSP as the dominant force in Bolivian politics. After the elections Román Loayza Caero became the head of the MAS-IPSP faction in the
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883:(CONDEPA). CONDEPA was a populist party which was based in the urban poor, often Aymaras who had migrated to the urban centres of Bolivia. The party had lost much of its popular legitimacy as it was coopted by
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MAS-IPSP obtained 39% of the votes winning seven mayoral posts. The MAS vote in Cochabamba was almost completely confined to the Chapare, Carrasco and Ayopaya provinces. In the capital of the Department
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in second position. From 1996 onwards, Evo Morales was a rising star in the ASP leadership. Soon he became a competitor of Veliz. Internal conflict emerged between the followers of Morales and Veliz —
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However, CSUTCB was wary of building a political party to contest state power. The experiences of the 1980s, when the CSUTCB leadership had been divided over electoral candidatures (of leaders such as
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During the years of 1998–2002, the grassroot base of MAS-IPSP was consolidated, as a result of increasing repression against the coca growers' movement. MAS-IPSP represented, along with the smaller
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farmers as their means of survival, but also encountered new hardships in their new profession. The growth of the coca farmer community resulted in a sharp numerical growth of organizations such as
592:, it was the only party to contest leadership of all 339 municipalities. In all, the mayors of 227 municipalities belong to the party, as do 1,144 of the country's 2,022 municipal council members.
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The creation of a political instrument received the backing of the sixth CSUTCB congress in 1994, and in March 1995 CSUTCB convened a congress titled 'Land, Territory and Political Instrument' in
2397:"Evo Morales participó en 2006 en el Programa de Transición al Socialismo del Siglo XXI. Superar el capitalismo con el Socialismo del Siglo XXI | La Época- Con sentido de momento histórico"
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past and that the falangist profile meant a negation of indigenous identity. In the 1999 elections Quispe aligned himself with Veliz's group, which had decided to contest elections through the
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Elena, Rodrigo Salazar (18 August 2023). "Las elecciones bolivianas de 2002: Los límites del reformismo institucional (The Bolivian Elections of 2002: The Limits of Institutional Reformism)".
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discourse was not a feature of the ideological profile of the IPSP at the time of its foundation. IPSP surged as a movement of the peasantry, amongst colonizers Andrea coca growers. The
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list). However, many trade unions decided not to support Veliz's candidature, accusing him of having manipulated the candidate lists of the United Left. Four ASP members of the
926:. In the 2005 prefect elections, MAS campaigned for all nine departmental prefectures (governorships), but only won three: Chuquisaca (43%), Oruro (41.0%), and Potosí (42.7%).
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surveys until 2002, a sample of 27 MAS voters identified themselves as 2.7 on a scale between 0 and 10 (in which 0 represented the far-left and 10 represented the far-right).
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690:. Present at the congress were CSUTCB, CSCB, the Bartolina Sisa National Federation of Peasant Women of Bolivia and CIDOB. The congress resulted in the foundation of the
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The roots of MAS-IPSP can be traced to the closures of the Bolivian Mining Corporation and shut-down of various mines during the 1980s. Thousands of former miners became
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887:'s government, and the party had suffered the death of its main leader just before the 2002 elections. In the polls CONDEPA lost all of their 22 parliamentary seats.
792:". MAS-IPSP itself however stressed that the adaptation of the name MAS was a mere formality, and the membership cards issued by the organization carried the slogan "
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1268:(CONALCAM) was formed during the Bolivian Constituent Assembly and includes MAS-IPSP executive and legislative politicians as well as social movement organizations.
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ESTATUTO orgánic MOVIMIENTO AL SOCIALISMO INSTRUMENTO POR LA SOBERANIA DE LOS PUEBLOS Aprobado: 4 DE AGOSTO DE 2021 En Vigencia: 22 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 2021, P.9-11
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In their election campaign, MAS-IPSP championed 'national sovereignty', denouncing U.S. interventions in Bolivian affairs. The political elite and proponents of
4437:
554:, MAS-IPSP won the first ever majority victory by a single Bolivian party. The party continued to rule until 10 November 2019, and was victorious again in the
2010:
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people live in community, with values such as solidarity and reciprocity'. Regarding the question of national identity, MAS-IPSP borrows discourse from the
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1041:(MPS), which contested the elections. Other former MAS-IPSP activists involved in founding the MPS include Óscar Chirinos, Miguel Machaca, and Rufo Calle.
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813:) the MAS mayoral candidate only got 0.88% (less than the Communist Party candidate, Alejo Veliz who got 1.1%). The mayoral post of Cochabamba was won by
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833:(MIP, Felipe Quispe's new party), the anti-system opposition in the country. Whilst Bolivian politics had seen several political parties contesting on
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policies were denounced as 'traitors' supported by the United States. The appeal of MAS-IPSP was also aided by the intervention of US ambassador
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652:(CIDOB) and mobilized joint protests in a 1992 campaign titled "500 years of resistance of the indigenous peoples", culminating in a march to
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were expelled from the party by a decision of the board chaired by Evo Morales. However, the Arcista faction did not recognize the expulsion.
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The three founding organizations of the MAS-IPSP are joined by CONAMAQ and the Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Bolivia (CIDOB) in the
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MAS-IPSP itself does not have an ideological centre, and the different constituent movements belong to slightly different trends of thought.
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The period of 2000–2002 was characterized by a series of social struggles that contributed to the radicalization of the Bolivian polity; the
784:. In the Cochabamba region the verbal confrontations between the two sides were often tense, and the Veliz group launched the slogan "MAS is
1011:' departments (Santa Cruz 41%, Beni 44%, Pando 53% and Tarija 50%), indicating the consolidation of MAS-IPSP as a national political force.
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elections were selected through this method. However some candidates in the 2002 and 2005 elections were directly appointed by Morales.
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law which guarantees 50% of revenue to Bolivia, although political leaders of MAS-IPSP recently interviewed showed interest in complete
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2500:
95:
714:, but never obtained the registration of a political party at the CNE. Instead, the group contested the election of the lists of the
31:
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PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO – MAS - IPSP. POR UNA BOLIVIA DIGNA, SOBERANA Y PRODUCTIVA PARA. VIVIR BIEN. La Paz, Noviembre de 2005, P.11
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1250:(MSM) in the 2009 national elections. Shortly afterward, Evo Morales publicly broke with the MSM and its representatives in the
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2158:"Populismo en el siglo XXI: un análisis comparado entre Asia y América Latina (Tailandia, Corea del Sur, Venezuela y Bolivia)"
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Hollender, Rebecca (2016). "Capitalizing on Public Discourse in Bolivia - Evo Morales and Twenty-first Century Capitalism".
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4061:"El MAS fortalece su estructura y pone condiciones a sus líderes « PLATAFORMA DE DISCUSIÓN DEMOCRÁTICA - la Coctelera"
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As of July 2024, there was a deep internal divisions within the ruling party MAS-IPSP between the supporters of president
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Ruckert, Arne; Macdonald, Laura; Proulx, Kristina R (2017). "Post-neoliberalism in Latin America: a conceptual review".
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declined to recognize the party), IPSP borrowed the registration (and party name) of an inactive spliter faction of the
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3045:. Líderes contemporáneos del movimiento campesino indígena de Bolivia, no. 3. La Paz, Bolivia: CIPCA, 2006. Back Cover
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A 2006 development plan called for buen vivir (Living well) as an alternative to capitalist development, stating that
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Confederación Nacional de Rentistas y Jubilados and Confederación Nacional de la Micro y Pequeña Empresa (Conamype).
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The election was also marked by candidatures of MAS-IPSP dissidents. MAS-IPSP co-founder Lino Villca had founded the
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Anria, Santiago (2021), Rosenblatt, Fernando; Vommaro, Gabriel; Luna, Juan Pablo; Rodríguez, Rafael Piñeiro (eds.),
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Anria, Santiago (2021), Rosenblatt, Fernando; Vommaro, Gabriel; Luna, Juan Pablo; Rodríguez, Rafael Piñeiro (eds.),
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2014:
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1162:", stating that the goal of the movement is the establishment of a form of "Andean capitalism". In the findings of
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3141:. Líderes contemporáneos del movimiento campesino indígena de Bolivia, no. 3. La Paz, Bolivia: CIPCA, 2006. p. 27
1985:"El 'arcista' Israel Huaytari es elegido presidente de Diputados en polémica sesión con división en las bancadas"
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El poder del movimiento político: estrategia, tramas organizativas e identidad del MAS en Cochabamba (1999–2005)
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El poder del movimiento político: estrategia, tramas organizativas e identidad del MAS en Cochabamba (1999–2005)
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El poder del movimiento político: estrategia, tramas organizativas e identidad del MAS en Cochabamba (1999–2005)
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El poder del movimiento político: estrategia, tramas organizativas e identidad del MAS en Cochabamba (1999–2005)
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El poder del movimiento político: estrategia, tramas organizativas e identidad del MAS en Cochabamba (1999–2005)
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1059:. In September 2024, clashes between Pro-Luis and Pro-Morales factions in La Paz ended with 40 people injured.
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Postero, Nancy (18 August 2023). "Morales's MAS Government: Building Indigenous Popular Hegemony in Bolivia".
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Quiénes son indígenas en los gobiernos municipales. Cuadernos de investigación CIPCA, 59. La Paz: CIPCA [u.a.
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growers. Evo Morales has articulated the goals of his party and popular organizations as the need to achieve
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in April 2010 local elections), became the president of the Senate and the House of Deputies respectively.
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At the time of its foundation, an IPSP flag was adopted. It was brown and green, with a sun in the middle.
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split. One of the prominent ASP leaders who sided with Morales was Román Loayza Caero, leader of CSUTCB.
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had a record voter turnout of 88.4% and ended in a landslide win for MAS which took 55.1% of the votes.
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discourse 'nation' and 'people' are often equated, whilst the oligarchy is portrayed as anti-national.
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762:
3695:"Evo Morales, former president of Bolivia: 'The government's only plan is to eliminate my candidacy'"
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Postero, Nancy (2010). "Morales's MAS Government: Building Indigenous Popular Hegemony in Bolivia".
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599:, the party was divided into two internal factions: the "Arcistas" (Renovator Bloc), which defends
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Story of the Bolivian revolution and origin of the MAS with Dr. Hugo Salvatierra (Spanish/English)
2714:"Bolivia's Movement toward Socialism: A Political Party Based on and Anchored in Social Movements"
2073:"Bolivia's Movement toward Socialism: A Political Party Based on and Anchored in Social Movements"
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Colomer, Josep M.; Escatel, Luis E. (2005). "La dimensión izquierda-derecha en América Latina".
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776:. Quispe stated that he was unable to accept to contest the elections under a name tainted by a
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Van Cott, Donna Lee (18 August 2023). "From Exclusion to Inclusion: Bolivia's 2002 Elections".
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structure, with regional and local branches having a large amount of input on party decisions.
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Postero, N. Indigenous responses to neoliberalism: A look at the Bolivian uprising of 2003
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Albó, Xavier, Jesús Espasandín López, Pablo Iglesias Turrión, and Alvaro García Linera.
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2618:"The Far-Left Wins Back Power in Bolivia. What Does That Mean for the Country's Future?"
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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3009:. La Paz: Centro de Investigación del Congreso Nacional (CICON), 2002. pp. 201-202, 209
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Burgoa Moya, Carlos (March 2011). "Apuntes para la historia del Instrumento Político".
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3728:"Bolivia: protest march by ex-president's supporters reflects split at heart of left"
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2638:"Bolivia's Morales positioning himself as victim to run in 2025 elections -observers"
2538:"Bolivia goes to polls as left-wing icon Evo Morales seeks unprecedented fourth term"
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Globalizing Patient Capital: The Political Economy of Chinese Finance in the Americas
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equity, Depatriarchalization, Unity, Solidarity, and Respect for natural leadership.
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Román Loayza Caero: lider quechua, contribuyó al ascenso campesino indígena del país
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Román Loayza Caero: lider quechua, contribuyó al ascenso campesino indígena del país
2823:"Evo admite división en el MAS y apunta a gente del gobierno de Arce y al "imperio""
879:
The electoral advance of MAS-IPSP was aided by the implosion of the political party
603:'s management and seeks the renovation of the party leadership, which is chaired by
588:
MAS-IPSP is the dominant force in municipal politics in Bolivia. In the most recent
4391:
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1123:
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727:
566:
517:
320:
88:
2449:
1094:
1014:
4155:
4027:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
4012:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
3997:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
3616:
3518:
3498:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
3483:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
3447:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
3377:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
3327:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
3177:
3137:
3120:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
3092:
3041:
3021:
2994:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
2976:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
2933:
2921:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
2895:
2876:
Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad
2756:. Vol. 4. La Paz, Bolivia: Órgano Electoral Plurinacional. pp. 182–186.
2622:
2579:
1170:
1135:
672:
574:
310:
3171:
EXPERIENCIA POLITICA INSTRUMENTO POLITICO POR LA SOBERANIA DE LOS PUEBLOS - IPSP
514:
Movement for Socialism – Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples
3825:
3396:
3339:
Albro, R. The Indigenous in the Plural in Bolivian Oppositional Politics, 2008.
3210:
Domingo, Pilar (18 August 2023). "Democracy and New Social Forces in Bolivia".
1960:
903:
3581:"El MAS logra inhabilitar oficialmente a Felix Patzi ante el Órgano Electoral"
660:). The 1992 campaign marked the emergence of a 'peasant-Indigenous' movement.
4406:
3876:
3739:
2313:
2183:
1258:
1018:
MAS-IPSP partisans celebrate the 16th anniversary of the party's founding in
865:
846:
773:
300:
3429:
From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics
2849:"El partido boliviano MAS expulsa al presidente Luis Arce – DW – 04/10/2023"
3759:
2797:"Grover García elegido como nuevo jefe nacional del bloque arcista del MAS"
2718:
Diminished Parties: Democratic Representation in Contemporary Latin America
2368:
2077:
Diminished Parties: Democratic Representation in Contemporary Latin America
869:
657:
3664:"How Bolivia's left returned to power months after Morales was forced out"
3223:
1238:(CONAMAQ) are not part of MAS-IPSP, but are supportive of the government.
4182:
4139:
3097:
3065:. Cuadernos de investigación CIPCA, 59. La Paz: CIPCA , 2004. pp. 103-105
3026:
2938:
2900:
2584:
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1340:
1159:
1140:
1056:
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there were also discussions about forming an armed wing of the movement.
676:
608:
578:
570:
295:
191:
173:
3884:
3555:. Ethnopolitics Papers. Exeter Centre for Ethno-Political Studies. No 2.
2688:
The House on the Sacred Lake and Other Bolivian Dreams -- and Nightmares
2497:"Evo quiere hacer de Bolivia la capital del movimiento antiimperialista"
2321:
30:
This article is about the Bolivian political party. For other uses, see
3946:
3304:
3274:
3231:
1008:
1004:
981:
810:
331:
3610:
Bolivia: Al menos cuatro frentes políticos ya se desprendieron del MAS
3566:
1485:
1146:
1127:
1077:
1052:
995:
In 2007 MAS-IPSP was able to register itself as MAS-IPSP at the CNE.
600:
537:
285:
255:
3938:
3266:
3098:
MAS-IPSP: Instrumento político que surge de los movimientos sociales
3027:
MAS-IPSP: Instrumento político que surge de los movimientos sociales
2939:
MAS-IPSP: Instrumento político que surge de los movimientos sociales
2901:
MAS-IPSP: Instrumento político que surge de los movimientos sociales
2585:
MAS-IPSP: Instrumento político que surge de los movimientos sociales
1007:
in their favour. But they also obtained significant support in the '
718:. Veliz was candidate for the presidency and for parliament (on the
2747:Órgano Electoral Plurinacional; Tribunal Supremo Electoral (2016).
834:
2155:
639:
Confederación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia
4162:
2343:
Romaniuk, Scott; Kaunert, Christian; Fabe, Amparo Pamela (2023).
1227:
1119:
1100:
In a 2005 programme MAS set out its main and national objective:
777:
582:
541:
461:
3831:
Bolivia and Latin America: New Spaces for the Communist Parties?
2345:
Countering Terrorist and Criminal Financing: Theory and Practice
1138:
argues that there are three main factions within the party: the
561:
MAS-IPSP evolved out of the movement to defend the interests of
3463:
3165:
1209:
1019:
653:
259:
3533:¿Cómo nació el MAS? La ruralización de la política en Bolivia.
2224:
New Constitutionalism in Latin America: Promises and Practices
1072:
694:(ASP), under the leadership of the Cochabamba peasant leader
37:"Movement for Socialism" redirects here. For other uses, see
615:. On 4 October 2023, President Luis Arce and Vice President
475:
2564:"Movement Toward Socialism | political party, Bolivia"
2058:"Morales busca que el MAS tenga dos millones de militantes"
1514:
1261:; this group has included other organizations in the past.
633:
562:
382:
3598:
http://www.eldeber.com.bo/vernotaahora.php?id=100406230513
975:
Mamami as Labour Minister, Abel Mamami as Water Minister,
3765:
What's Left in Latin America?: Regime Change in New Times
2720:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–92,
2249:"Evo Morales's Chaotic Departure Won't Define His Legacy"
2079:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–92,
1955:
82:
and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
4024:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
4009:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
3994:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
3850:
Bolivia en movimiento: acción colectiva y poder político
3634:"Morales aide claims victory in Bolivia's election redo"
3495:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
3480:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
3444:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
3374:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
3324:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
3117:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
2991:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
2973:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
2918:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
2873:
Monasterios, Karin, Pablo Stefanoni, and Hervé do Alto.
2471:
Melber, Henning; Brand, Ulrich; Nicola, Selkler (2009).
2429:
1130:
can be found within the MAS-IPSP fold. In the words of
2768:"El MAS consuma su división en un contexto polarizado"
2435:
2373:
A History of Modern Latin America: 1800 to the Present
2011:"MAS. Movimiento al socialismo: Historia y principios"
650:
Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Eastern Bolivia
3693:
Molina, Martín Sivak, Federico Rivas (22 July 2024).
3432:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. p. 88
3392:"U.S. Aid Foe Is in Runoff For President Of Bolivia"
1093:
discourse was absorbed later, largely borrowed from
902:
The fifth national congress of MAS-IPSP was held in
526:
Instrumento Político por la Soberanía de los Pueblos
2596:
2594:
2419:
Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development
2342:
3062:Quiénes son indígenas en los gobiernos municipales
1246:The MAS-IPSP ran a joint electoral slate with the
1236:National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Qullasuyu
645:Confederación Sindical de Colonizadores de Bolivia
2470:
2221:
2162:Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales
741:
4404:
2591:
2412:
2410:
2275:"The Rise of Evo Morales | Modern Latin America"
3512:PPB-CN sella alianza opositora con Román Loayza
2791:
2789:
2575:
2573:
2130:
1112:A later development plan from 2010 stated that
611:'s leadership and seeks his re-election in the
4039:Komadina, Jorge, and Céline Geffroy Komadina.
3924:
3777:Komadina, Jorge, and Céline Geffroy Komadina.
3189:Komadina, Jorge, and Céline Geffroy Komadina.
3074:Komadina, Jorge, and Céline Geffroy Komadina.
2600:Komadina, Jorge, and Céline Geffroy Komadina.
2133:Domination and Emancipation: Remaking Critique
4438:Democratic socialist parties in South America
4109:
3905:
2660:"Morales expels US diplomat for 'conspiring'"
2526:. University of California Press. p. 31.
2407:
730:(the entire United Left group): Evo Morales,
656:where a protest was held on 12 October 1992 (
142:
4309:Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
3914:(Interview). Interviewed by Pablo Stefanoni.
3711:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3351:REV. CIENCIAS SOCIALES No 23 / 2DO TRIMESTRE
2786:
2615:
2570:
63:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
4372:Revolutionary Nationalist Movement–Alliance
3039:Loayza Caero, Román, and Shirley Rasguido.
2958:
2201:. Cambridge University Press. p. 129.
2156:Hugo Antonio Garciamarín Hernández (2018).
2110:. Cambridge University Press. p. 227.
1158:. García Linera characterizes MAS-IPSP as "
1071:, stating in a 2003 interview that in the "
980:Edmundo Novillo (since elected governor of
692:Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples
245:Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples
78:and maintains a consistent citation style.
4132:Political parties and alliances in Bolivia
4116:
4102:
3906:García Linera, Álvaro (20 December 2005).
3486:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. pp. 96-97
2879:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. pp. 73-74
2685:Anstee, Margaret Joan (29 November 2009).
1241:
1067:Morales has defined socialism in terms of
821:, who got 51.2% of the votes in the city.
460:
3964:"Summit - SFU's Institutional Repository"
2416:
2173:
1288:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
32:Movimiento al Socialismo (disambiguation)
3768:. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2009. p. 44
3290:
2135:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 31.
1515:Chamber of Deputies and Senate elections
1013:
648:. The movement built alliances with the
4030:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 109
3862:
3545:
3501:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 100
3450:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 107
3440:
3438:
3286:
3284:
3209:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2521:
2299:
2175:10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2018.233.58980
1216:
675:and one political branch. According to
39:Movement for Socialism (disambiguation)
14:
4405:
4015:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 76
4000:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 72
3958:
3956:
3804:PLAN NACIONAL DE DESARROLLO 2006, P.11
3783:. La Paz: CESU-UMSS, 2007. pp. 120-121
3725:
3692:
3458:
3456:
3389:
3380:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 82
3330:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 80
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3123:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 79
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3088:
3086:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3017:
3015:
2997:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 78
2987:
2985:
2979:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 77
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2924:. La Paz, Bolivia: CLACSO, 2007. p. 75
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2684:
2473:Postneoliberalism – A Beginning Debate
2375:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 340.
2196:
2131:Boltanski, Luc; Fraser, Nancy (2021).
2105:
4443:Democratic socialism in South America
4097:
4055:
4053:
4051:
3815:2010-2015 PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO, P.146
3464:"Bolivia's 'communitarian socialism'"
3252:
2711:
2367:
2246:
2070:
2034:
2032:
850:which had not been witnessed before.
770:Movimiento al Socialismo – Unzaguista
581:industries, as well as the country's
4433:Social democratic parties in Bolivia
3726:Graham, Thomas (22 September 2024).
3674:from the original on 24 October 2020
3644:from the original on 20 October 2020
3435:
3281:
3195:. La Paz: CESU-UMSS, 2007. pp. 33-34
3033:
2907:
1283:
933:
824:
43:
4003:
3953:
3524:
3504:
3453:
3342:
3311:
3198:
3159:
3104:
3083:
3048:
3012:
2982:
2945:
2882:
759:National Electoral Court of Bolivia
607:, and the "Evistas", which defends
70:Please consider converting them to
24:
4226:Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
4048:
3183:
3144:
3068:
2272:
2247:Albro, Robert (22 November 2019).
2029:
1252:Plurinational Legislative Assembly
25:
4459:
4418:Anti-capitalist political parties
4082:
4045:. La Paz: CESU-UMSS, 2007. p. 103
3908:""The MAS is of the Centre-Left""
3549:Bolivia's Regional Elections 2010
3293:Journal of Latin American Studies
3150:Albó, Xavier, and Victor Quispe.
3059:Albó, Xavier, and Victor Quispe.
2606:. La Paz: CESU-UMSS, 2007. p. 119
2399:. 31 October 2019. Archived from
2222:Schilling-Vacaflo, Almut (2016).
1254:then formed an independent bloc.
909:
895:and eight out of 27 seats in the
4352:Front of the Bolivian Revolution
4172:
4125:
3838:Volume 6, No. 2, 7 February 2007
3080:. La Paz: CESU-UMSS, 2007. p. 22
2616:CIARA NUGENT (20 October 2020).
1927:
1920:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1866:
1859:
1858:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1804:
1797:
1796:
1781:
1774:
1743:
1736:
1735:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1650:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1611:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1588:
1501:
1468:
1440:
1412:
1384:
1356:
1266:National Coordination for Change
938:
929:
153:
48:
18:Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)
4033:
4018:
3988:
3977:
3918:
3899:
3856:
3853:. : El Viejo Topo, 2007. p. 320
3841:
3819:
3808:
3797:
3786:
3771:
3753:
3719:
3686:
3656:
3626:
3602:
3591:
3573:
3559:
3539:
3531:Zuazo, Moira. (2009, January).
3489:
3474:
3420:
3411:
3383:
3368:
3333:
3246:
3126:
3000:
2967:
2927:
2867:
2841:
2815:
2760:
2740:
2705:
2678:
2652:
2630:
2609:
2556:
2530:
2515:
2489:
2475:. Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation.
2464:
2389:
2361:
2336:
2293:
2266:
2240:
2215:
1948:
1189:
4367:Revolutionary Nationalist Left
3255:Revista Mexicana de Sociología
2644:. 21 July 2021. Archived from
2190:
2149:
2124:
2099:
2064:
2050:
2003:
1977:
1928:
1921:
1906:
1867:
1844:
1805:
1782:
1775:
1744:
1721:
1271:
922:and 12 out of 27 seats in the
794:legally MAS, legitimately IPSP
742:Foundation and local elections
613:2025 Bolivian general election
74:to ensure the article remains
13:
1:
4448:Socialism of the 21st century
4211:Nationalist Democratic Action
3390:Forero, Juan (10 July 2002).
2450:10.1080/01436597.2016.1259558
1991:(in Spanish). 3 November 2023
1971:
1198:
1000:vote of confidence referendum
831:Indigenous Pachakuti Movement
544:. Its followers are known as
306:Socialism of the 21st century
4428:Political parties in Bolivia
4423:Left-wing parties in Bolivia
4357:Democratic and Popular Union
1204:consolidated in the way the
881:Conscience of the Fatherland
843:2000 water war in Cochabamba
734:, Félix Sanchéz Veizaga and
710:. ASP wanted to contest the
569:unity, and to develop a new
189:Elizabeth Paco (Evista wing)
7:
4314:Revolutionary Left Movement
3865:Latin American Perspectives
3535:Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
2302:Latin American Perspectives
1182:and nationalist discourse.
1062:
720:proportional representation
590:municipal elections in 2015
254:Benedicto Vincenti Nº 960,
10:
4464:
4304:Popular Christian Movement
4294:Republican Socialist Unity
4231:Social Democratic Movement
2750:Atlas electoral de Bolivia
2347:. CRC Press. p. 254.
2226:. Routledge. p. 353.
782:Communist Party of Bolivia
766:Bolivian Socialist Falange
627:
622:
36:
29:
27:Political party in Bolivia
4332:
4249:
4181:
4170:
4138:
3517:29 September 2011 at the
2701:– via Google Books.
1812:Supermajority government
1751:Supermajority government
1569:
1495:
1462:
1434:
1406:
1378:
1350:
1339:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1298:
1295:
947:This section needs to be
874:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
488:
473:
468:
459:
454:
440:
428:
416:
402:
388:
375:
366:International affiliation
365:
355:
337:
276:
265:
250:
240:
222:
210:
198:
185:
169:
161:
152:
136:
4413:Movimiento al Socialismo
4319:Conscience of Fatherland
4221:Revolutionary Left Front
4191:Bolivian National Action
3877:10.1177/0094582X10364031
3135:, and Shirley Rasguido.
2803:(in Spanish). 5 May 2024
2314:10.1177/0094582X10364031
2279:Brown University Library
2106:Kaplan, Stephen (2021).
1941:
1232:Bolivian Workers' Center
1039:Movement for Sovereignty
753:In order to contest the
736:Néstor Guzmán Villarroel
522:Movimiento al Socialismo
144:Movimiento al Socialismo
4382:Social Democratic Power
4299:Authentic Revolutionary
3912:International Viewpoint
3762:, and Henry Veltmeyer.
3546:Flesken, Anaïd (2010).
3354:. Editorial Abya Yala.
3007:Directorio: 1997 - 2002
2522:Postero, Nancy (2017).
2197:Tarrow, Sidney (2022).
1264:A larger alliance, the
1242:Coalition organizations
1178:and "miners' Marxism".
1032:2010 regional elections
859:2002 national elections
755:1999 municipal election
712:1997 national elections
698:as the main leader and
688:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
339:Political position
4342:Socialist Single Front
4236:Solidarity Civic Unity
4206:Movement for Socialism
4149:Movement for Socialism
1289:Presidential elections
1027:
726:were elected from the
552:December 2005 election
228:; 27 years ago
143:
139:Movement for Socialism
4241:Third System Movement
3426:Van Cott, Donna Lee.
3224:10.1353/sof.2005.0063
3176:2 August 2010 at the
2438:Third World Quarterly
1964:; Spanish for "more".
1299:Presidential nominee
1248:Without Fear Movement
1055:and former president
1017:
916:2005 general election
906:13–14 December 2003.
806:Cochabamba Department
4387:National Convergence
4362:National Civic Union
4324:New Republican Force
4216:National Unity Front
4196:Christian Democratic
4140:Legislative caucuses
4067:on 17 September 2009
3927:Desarrollo Económico
3615:23 July 2011 at the
2524:The Indigenous state
1935:Majority government
1689:Majority government
1217:Member organizations
1132:Alvaro García Linera
998:On 10 August 2008 a
990:Constituent Assembly
819:New Republican Force
669:Víctor Hugo Cárdenas
665:Jenaro Flores Santos
370:Progressive Alliance
356:Regional affiliation
3670:. 23 October 2020.
3640:. 19 October 2020.
3133:Loayza Caero, Román
2403:on 31 October 2019.
1560:Political position
1276:MAS-IPSP publishes
920:Chamber of Deputies
893:Chamber of Deputies
815:Manfred Reyes Villa
724:Chamber of Deputies
540:political party in
493:Politics of Bolivia
205:Andrónico Rodríguez
4279:Genuine Republican
2503:on 14 January 2018
2281:. Brown University
1028:
732:Román Loayza Caero
617:David Choquehuanca
316:Anti-neoliberalism
291:Left-wing populism
4400:
4399:
4201:Front for Victory
3585:Diariocrítico.com
3155:, 2004. pp. 91-94
2727:978-1-316-51318-7
2648:on 1 August 2021.
2544:. 20 October 2019
2273:Miller, Michael.
2199:Power in Movement
2086:978-1-316-51318-7
2060:. 21 August 2022.
1939:
1938:
1512:
1511:
1284:Electoral history
1124:social-democratic
968:
967:
825:Years of struggle
597:Arce's government
511:
510:
498:Political parties
442:Andean Parliament
226:22 July 1997
212:Chamber President
130:
129:
122:
80:Several templates
16:(Redirected from
4455:
4392:Democratic Unity
4377:Patriotic Accord
4289:United Socialist
4183:National parties
4176:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4095:
4094:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4063:. Archived from
4057:
4046:
4037:
4031:
4022:
4016:
4007:
4001:
3992:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3968:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3933:(177): 123–136.
3922:
3916:
3915:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3860:
3854:
3845:
3839:
3823:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3775:
3769:
3760:Petras, James F.
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3710:
3702:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3630:
3624:
3606:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3569:. 8 August 2023.
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3543:
3537:
3528:
3522:
3508:
3502:
3493:
3487:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3387:
3381:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3331:
3322:
3309:
3308:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3218:(4): 1727–1743.
3207:
3196:
3187:
3181:
3163:
3157:
3148:
3142:
3130:
3124:
3115:
3102:
3093:Harnecker, Marta
3090:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3057:
3046:
3037:
3031:
3022:Harnecker, Marta
3019:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2943:
2934:Harnecker, Marta
2931:
2925:
2916:
2905:
2896:Harnecker, Marta
2893:
2880:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2613:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:Harnecker, Marta
2577:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2499:. Archived from
2493:
2487:
2486:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2444:(7): 1583–1602.
2433:
2427:
2426:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2013:. Archived from
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1965:
1952:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1293:
1292:
1069:communitarianism
1046:general election
963:
960:
954:
942:
941:
934:
790:heil heil Hitler
728:Chapare province
673:social movements
484:
481:
479:
477:
464:
449:
435:
423:
411:
397:
381:
351:
321:Anti-imperialism
269:
236:
234:
229:
200:Senate President
157:
146:
134:
133:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
92:
52:
51:
44:
21:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4334:
4328:
4251:
4245:
4177:
4168:
4156:Civic Community
4134:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4085:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4059:
4058:
4049:
4038:
4034:
4023:
4019:
4008:
4004:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3978:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3939:10.2307/3655894
3923:
3919:
3904:
3900:
3861:
3857:
3846:
3842:
3826:Nzimande, Blade
3824:
3820:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3787:
3776:
3772:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3742:
3724:
3720:
3704:
3703:
3699:EL PAÍS English
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:Wayback Machine
3607:
3603:
3596:
3592:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3540:
3529:
3525:
3519:Wayback Machine
3509:
3505:
3494:
3490:
3479:
3475:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3443:
3436:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3388:
3384:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3323:
3312:
3289:
3282:
3267:10.2307/3541530
3251:
3247:
3208:
3199:
3188:
3184:
3178:Wayback Machine
3164:
3160:
3149:
3145:
3131:
3127:
3116:
3105:
3091:
3084:
3073:
3069:
3058:
3049:
3038:
3034:
3020:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2990:
2983:
2972:
2968:
2957:
2946:
2932:
2928:
2917:
2908:
2894:
2883:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2829:. 25 April 2021
2821:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2666:. 10 March 2009
2658:
2657:
2653:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2614:
2610:
2599:
2592:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2469:
2465:
2434:
2430:
2415:
2408:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2341:
2337:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2195:
2191:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2069:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2017:on 22 July 2018
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1917:
1914:
1894:
1891:
1855:
1852:
1832:
1829:
1793:
1790:
1771:
1768:
1732:
1729:
1709:
1706:
1670:
1667:
1647:
1644:
1608:
1605:
1585:
1582:
1517:
1506:
1502:
1473:
1469:
1445:
1441:
1417:
1413:
1389:
1385:
1361:
1357:
1291:
1286:
1274:
1244:
1219:
1201:
1192:
1171:Marta Harnecker
1164:Latinobarómetro
1136:Roberto Laserna
1065:
964:
958:
955:
952:
943:
939:
932:
912:
827:
744:
630:
625:
575:nationalization
507:
474:
450:
447:
436:
433:
424:
421:
412:
409:
398:
395:
379:
360:São Paulo Forum
347:
325:
311:Anti-capitalism
267:
241:Split from
232:
230:
227:
217:Israel Huaytari
190:
177:
148:
147:
140:
126:
115:
109:
106:
94:
83:
69:
53:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4461:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4259:Constitutional
4255:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4121:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4083:External links
4081:
4079:
4078:
4047:
4032:
4017:
4002:
3987:
3976:
3952:
3917:
3898:
3855:
3840:
3818:
3807:
3796:
3785:
3770:
3752:
3718:
3685:
3655:
3625:
3623:, 3 April 2010
3601:
3590:
3572:
3558:
3538:
3523:
3503:
3488:
3473:
3452:
3434:
3419:
3410:
3397:New York Times
3382:
3367:
3360:
3341:
3332:
3310:
3299:(4): 751–775.
3280:
3245:
3197:
3182:
3158:
3143:
3125:
3103:
3082:
3067:
3047:
3032:
3011:
2999:
2981:
2966:
2944:
2926:
2906:
2881:
2866:
2840:
2827:Correo del Sur
2814:
2785:
2772:El País Tarija
2759:
2739:
2726:
2704:
2697:
2691:. Book Guild.
2677:
2651:
2629:
2608:
2590:
2569:
2555:
2529:
2514:
2488:
2482:978-9185214525
2481:
2463:
2428:
2406:
2388:
2381:
2360:
2353:
2335:
2292:
2265:
2253:Foreign Policy
2239:
2232:
2214:
2207:
2189:
2148:
2141:
2123:
2116:
2098:
2085:
2063:
2049:
2044:www.cne.org.bo
2028:
2002:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1273:
1270:
1243:
1240:
1234:(COB) and the
1218:
1215:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1064:
1061:
966:
965:
946:
944:
937:
931:
928:
911:
910:2005 elections
908:
826:
823:
743:
740:
629:
626:
624:
621:
556:2020 elections
509:
508:
506:
505:
500:
495:
489:
486:
485:
471:
470:
466:
465:
457:
456:
452:
451:
446:
444:
438:
437:
432:
430:
426:
425:
420:
418:
414:
413:
408:
406:
400:
399:
394:
392:
386:
385:
377:
373:
372:
367:
363:
362:
357:
353:
352:
341:
335:
334:
324:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
280:
274:
273:
270:
263:
262:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
224:
220:
219:
214:
208:
207:
202:
196:
195:
194:(Arcista wing)
187:
186:Vice President
183:
182:
181:(Arcista wing)
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
150:
149:
141:
138:
137:
128:
127:
72:full citations
56:
54:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4460:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4333:Defunct major
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4250:Defunct major
4248:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3985:
3980:
3972:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3789:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3594:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3568:
3562:
3551:
3550:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3500:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3439:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3414:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3363:
3361:9789978225400
3357:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3336:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3212:Social Forces
3206:
3204:
3202:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
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2776:. Retrieved
2774:(in Spanish)
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2762:
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2663:
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2646:the original
2641:
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2546:. Retrieved
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2308:(3): 18–34.
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2015:the original
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1988:
1979:
1959:
1950:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1498:
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1327:First Round
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1277:
1275:
1263:
1256:
1245:
1224:
1220:
1202:
1193:
1190:Organization
1184:
1180:
1168:
1154:
1152:
1147:old leftists
1145:
1141:indigenistas
1139:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1084:
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512:
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251:Headquarters
162:Abbreviation
131:
116:
107:
96:Citation bot
58:
4347:Concordance
4284:Nationalist
3403:25 February
3030:. pp. 71-72
2733:31 December
2425:(1): 50–76.
2092:31 December
1627:Opposition
1571:Evo Morales
1341:Evo Morales
1272:Publication
1176:nationalism
1160:centre-left
1057:Evo Morales
977:Félix Patzi
885:Hugo Banzer
716:United Left
700:Evo Morales
696:Alejo Véliz
677:Lino Villca
609:Evo Morales
579:fossil fuel
571:hydrocarbon
296:Indigenismo
266:Membership
192:Julia Ramos
174:Evo Morales
110:August 2022
4407:Categories
4274:Republican
3678:24 October
3648:19 October
3621:FM Bolivia
2548:1 November
2507:14 January
2285:2 November
2258:2 November
1972:References
1884:3,393,978
1822:2,889,359
1761:3,173,304
1699:2,943,209
1637:1,544,374
1490:3,393,978
1457:2,889,359
1429:3,173,304
1401:2,943,209
1373:1,544,374
1199:Leadership
1150:, and the
1024:Cochabamba
1009:Media Luna
1005:Cochabamba
982:Cochabamba
866:neoliberal
811:Cochabamba
802:indigenous
585:deposits.
455:Party flag
332:Trotskyism
233:1997-07-22
76:verifiable
4335:alliances
3893:143272599
3836:Umsebenzi
3740:0261-3077
3707:cite news
3240:154267205
2961:Soberanía
2664:France 24
2542:France 24
2458:157767263
2330:143272599
2184:0185-1918
2021:12 August
1995:8 January
1874:Annulled
1557:Position
1548:Position
1486:Luis Arce
1296:Election
1278:Soberanía
1155:populists
1128:anarchist
1091:katarista
1087:katarista
1078:katarista
1053:Luis Arce
1044:The 2020
804:. In the
786:Unzaguist
763:falangist
708:alejistas
601:Luis Arce
550:. In the
538:socialist
503:Elections
434:240 / 337
344:Left-wing
286:Socialism
272:1,077,000
256:Sopocachi
170:President
61:bare URLs
4071:4 August
3885:25700514
3672:Archived
3642:Archived
3613:Archived
3515:Archived
3174:Archived
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1892:75 / 130
1830:67 / 130
1769:88 / 130
1707:88 / 130
1645:72 / 130
1583:27 / 130
1575:581,884
1523:Election
1466:Annulled
1345:581,884
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876:(Goni).
835:populist
547:Masistas
536:), is a
534:MAS-IPSP
476:mas-ipsp
410:75 / 130
404:Deputies
349:far-left
328:Factions
278:Ideology
165:MAS-IPSP
65:link rot
4269:Liberal
4252:parties
4163:Creemos
3947:3655894
3638:AP News
3305:3875831
3275:3541530
3232:3598412
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2942:. p. 68
2904:. p. 70
2859:27 June
2833:27 June
2807:27 June
2778:27 June
2588:. p. 38
2168:(233).
1915:21 / 36
1853:21 / 36
1791:25 / 36
1730:26 / 36
1668:12 / 27
1499:Elected
1438:Elected
1410:Elected
1382:Elected
1322:Result
1228:El Alto
1120:Marxist
1030:In the
949:updated
914:In the
817:of the
778:fascist
704:evistas
628:Origins
623:History
595:During
583:lithium
577:of the
542:Bolivia
518:Spanish
469:Website
396:21 / 36
231: (
223:Founded
3971:sfu.ca
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1825:47.1%
1764:61.4%
1702:64.2%
1640:53.7%
1606:8 / 27
1578:20.9%
1493:55.1%
1460:47.1%
1432:61.4%
1404:64.2%
1376:53.7%
1348:20.9%
1230:. The
1210:Brazil
1144:, the
1020:Sacaba
924:Senate
897:Senate
847:Aymara
654:La Paz
429:Mayors
390:Senate
380:
376:Colors
268:(2022)
260:La Paz
85:reFill
3967:(PDF)
3943:JSTOR
3889:S2CID
3881:JSTOR
3834:, in
3553:(PDF)
3301:JSTOR
3271:JSTOR
3236:S2CID
3228:JSTOR
2801:Erbol
2754:(PDF)
2454:S2CID
2326:S2CID
2318:JSTOR
1989:Erbol
1942:Notes
1531:Votes
1313:Votes
1303:Votes
1073:ayllu
904:Oruro
448:5 / 5
422:3 / 9
59:uses
4073:2010
3747:2024
3736:ISSN
3713:link
3680:2020
3650:2020
3405:2016
3356:ISBN
2861:2024
2835:2024
2809:2024
2780:2024
2735:2022
2722:ISBN
2693:ISBN
2672:2022
2623:Time
2550:2019
2509:2018
2477:ISBN
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2260:2020
2228:ISBN
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2180:ISSN
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2112:ISBN
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2081:ISBN
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1999:.
1536:%
1507:Y
1474:N
1446:Y
1418:Y
1390:Y
1362:N
1318:%
1308:%
1026:.
961:)
957:(
951:.
809:(
516:(
482:/
235:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
104:.
102:)
98:(
91:)
87:(
67:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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