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285:, "Because of the risk of prejudice to the defendant inherent in the admission of photographs of the 'mug shot' variety, judges and prosecutors are required to 'use reasonable means to avoid calling the jury's attention to the source of such photographs used to identify the defendant.'" (p. 617) Elsewhere, it cites a ruling in
193:
277:
held, "The double-shot picture, with front and profile shots alongside each other, is so familiar, from 'wanted' posters in the post office, motion pictures and television, that the inference that the person involved has a criminal record, or has at least been in trouble with the police, is natural,
320:
is a collection of photographs of criminals, typically in mug shots taken at the time of an arrest. A mug book is used by an eyewitness to a crime, with the assistance of law enforcement, in an effort to identify the perpetrator. Research has shown that grouped photos result in fewer
689:
Where admitted, to the extent possible, the mug shots should be taped over or cut to delete all reference to booking information and be undated. The photographs should not be referred to as either \"mug shots\" or \"booking
219:
The arrested person is sometimes required to hold a placard with name, date of birth, booking ID, weight, and other relevant information on it. With digital photography, the digital photograph is linked to a
216:
invented the modern mug shot featuring full face and profile views, standardizing the lighting and angles. This system was soon adopted throughout Europe, and in the United States and Russia.
492:
274:
224:
record concerning the arrest. In some jurisdictions, mug shots are not legally required to be taken, mostly in the cases of high-profile individuals already known to a wider public.
115:
A typical mug shot is two-part, with one side-view photo, and one front-view. The background is usually plain to avoid distraction from the head. Mug shots may be compiled into a
2408:
493:
https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-768757923/view?sectionId=nla.obj-827987616&searchTerm=Whaling&partId=nla.obj-768758535#page/n2/mode/1up/search/Whaling
2350:
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to have a photographic record of an arrested individual to allow for identification by victims, the public and investigators. However, in the
732:
Stewart, Heather A.; Hunter A. McAllister (2001). "One-at-a-time versus grouped presentation of mug book pictures: Some surprising results".
143:
The earliest photos of prisoners taken for use by law enforcement may have been taken in
Belgium in 1843 and 1844. In Australia, police in
68:
of a person from the shoulders up, typically taken after a person is placed under arrest. The primary purpose of the mug shot is to allow
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265:
In the US in the early 21st century an online industry developed around the publication and removal of mug shots from internet websites.
506:
2125:
995:
813:
Conzen, Michael P., "Local
Migration Systems in Nineteenth-Century Iowa", Geographical Review, Vol. 64 No. 3 (July 1974), p. 341
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Other states have similar rules. For example, Illinois specifies that all mugshots and booking information should be redacted.
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Thetford, Robert T., Mug Shots, Mug Books, and Photo
Spreads, Institute for Criminal Justice Education, Inc (ICJE)
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107:", dating from the 18th century. Mug shot can more loosely mean any small picture of a face used for any reason.
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in order to determine the identity of a criminal. In high-profile cases, mug shots may also be published in the
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that "admission of a defendant's mug shot is 'laden for characterizing the defendant as a careerist in crime
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in the United States. By the 1870s the agency had amassed the largest collection of mug shots in the US.
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778:"Frevert, Rhonda, Tales From The Vault: Mug Books, Common Place Vol. 3 No. 1 (October 2002)"
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The US legal system has long held that mug shots can have a negative effect on juries. The
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Understanding
Surveillance Technologies: Spy Devices, Privacy, History, & Applications
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Photographing of criminals began in the 1840s only a few years after the invention of
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The paired arrangement may have been inspired by the 1865 prison portraits taken by
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NIJ training manual on the use of mug books and composites with eyewitnesses
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Collected
Biography, Ancestry Magazine Vol. 13 No. 4 (July/August 1995)
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were photographing criminals by 1846. In the United
Kingdom, police in
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495:"A Cracksman," The Will O'the Wisp, 1 (2) Saturday 11 July 1846, p.3
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United States Court of
Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
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http://www.ancestry.com/learn/library/article.aspx?article=2244
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Mug Shots: An
Archive of the Famous, Infamous and Most Wanted
540:
Under Arrest: A History of the
Twentieth Century in Mugshots
16:
Photographic portrait of a person taken after being arrested
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104:
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Bruzz video: the world's oldest mug shots date from 1843
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http://www.ncjrs.gov/nij/eyewitness/identification.html
91:, but it was not until 1888 that French police officer
641:"Trump did not have a mugshot taken during his arrest"
236:
FBI wanted poster with a mug shot of
Alcatraz escapee
76:, entrepreneurs have recently begun to monetize these
212:, to take portraits of convicted prisoners. In 1888,
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2011 US mugshot taken against a plain gray background
663:, 124 U.S.App.D.C. 318, 365 F.2d 509, 510--11 (1966)
675:Cleary and Graham's Handbook of Illinois Evidence
580:
390:
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507:"A history of the twentieth century in mugshots"
19:"Mugshot" redirects here. For the website, see
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571:The Illustrated News, March 15, 1853, P. 186
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243:Mug shots have often been incorporated into
2399:Conservation and restoration of photographs
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2126:Comparison of digital and film photography
854:
840:
2351:Photographs considered the most important
467:"Grifters and Goons, Framed (and Matted)"
325:than individually displaying each photo.
605:
505:Norfolk, Lawrence (September 17, 2006).
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30:1905 mugshot of communist revolutionary
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373:. Dictionary.cambridge.org. 2013-10-29
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585:. Auerbach Publications. p. 26.
465:Kennedy, Randy (September 15, 2006).
460:
458:
268:
163:of criminals were displayed. and the
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308:Camera used for taking mug shots at
155:were doing so by 1848. By 1853, the
103:"Mug" is an English slang term for "
2346:Museums devoted to one photographer
442:"Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary"
172:Pinkerton National Detective Agency
13:
1888:Timeline of photography technology
455:
283:Handbook of Massachusetts Evidence
14:
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820:
677:. Aspen Publishers. p. 146.
673:Graham, Michael (2004). "401.8".
444:. Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31
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328:Mug book also has a meaning in
185:of accused conspirators in the
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157:Philadelphia Police Department
110:
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1938:Painted photography backdrops
1870:Golden triangle (composition)
1150:35 mm equivalent focal length
735:Journal of Applied Psychology
421:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
393:Handbook of Illinois Evidence
356:
310:Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
249:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives
206:Prefecture of Police of Paris
41:Mugshot of American gangster
261:Mug shot publishing industry
98:
82:mug shot publishing industry
7:
1648:Intentional camera movement
748:10.1037/0021-9010.86.6.1300
339:
299:
187:Lincoln assassination trial
10:
2513:
2492:Law enforcement techniques
2341:Most expensive photographs
1693:Multi-exposure HDR capture
606:Pellicer, Raymond (2010).
581:Julie K. Petersen (2007).
551:. pp. 144, 163, 165.
391:Michael H. Graham (2003).
258:
255:Online mug shot publishing
247:, including those for the
165:New York Police Department
135:Self-portrait mug shot of
126:
95:standardized the process.
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1966:
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2275:Digital image processing
200:After the defeat of the
2383:Photography periodicals
1943:Photography and the law
661:Barnes v. United States
2295:Gelatin silver process
1319:Science of photography
1304:Photographic processes
1282:Perspective distortion
643:. CBS News. 2023-04-04
537:Papi, Giacomo (2006).
313:
287:Commonwealth v. Martin
240:
208:hired a photographer,
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167:had the same by 1857.
140:
56:(an informal term for
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34:
1748:Schlieren photography
1292:Photographic printing
1215:Exposure compensation
618:Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
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235:
228:Use in wanted posters
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174:began using these on
134:
66:photographic portrait
40:
29:
2497:Photography by genre
1537:Straight photography
1175:Chromatic aberration
278:perhaps automatic."
159:had a gallery where
2409:photographic plates
2084:Digital photography
1267:Hyperfocal distance
1180:Circle of confusion
2487:Identity documents
2482:Criminal procedure
1903:Autochrome Lumière
1898:Analog photography
1723:Pigeon photography
1517:Social documentary
996:discontinued films
707:2008-03-29 at the
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269:Prejudicial nature
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214:Alphonse Bertillon
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137:Alphonse Bertillon
93:Alphonse Bertillon
62:booking photograph
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35:
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2255:Collodion process
2191:Chromogenic print
2178:Color photography
1688:Multiple exposure
1663:Lo-fi photography
1195:Color temperature
684:978-0-7355-4499-4
592:978-0-8493-8319-9
406:978-0-7355-4499-4
281:According to the
183:Alexander Gardner
58:police photograph
21:Mugshot (website)
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2315:Print permanence
2260:Cross processing
2218:CMYK color model
2203:Color management
2156:Foveon X3 sensor
2151:Three-CCD camera
1795:Miniature faking
1753:Sabattier effect
1370:Astrophotography
1225:Zebra patterning
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780:. Archived from
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742:(6): 1300–1305.
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423:. Etymonline.com
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1840:Diagonal method
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1475:Photojournalism
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1170:Black-and-white
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1112:Movie projector
991:available films
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399:. p. 147.
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245:wanted posters
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161:daguerreotypes
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78:public records
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2356:Photographers
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2245:Bleach bypass
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2214:
2213:primary color
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2198:Reversal film
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2163:Image sharing
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1768:Stopping down
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1733:Rephotography
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1668:Long-exposure
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1365:Architectural
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1324:Shutter speed
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1277:Metering mode
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1190:Color balance
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1102:Manufacturers
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784:on 2015-04-25
783:
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626:9780810996120
622:
619:
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588:
584:
577:
568:
560:
558:9781862078925
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:
533:
518:
514:
513:
512:The Telegraph
508:
501:
494:
489:
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234:
225:
223:
217:
215:
211:
210:Eugène Appert
207:
204:in 1871, the
203:
202:Paris Commune
194:
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184:
179:
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168:
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79:
75:
74:United States
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
44:
39:
33:
28:
22:
2421:Polaroid art
2310:K-14 process
2305:Instant film
2300:Gum printing
2250:C-41 process
2235:Photographic
2136:Image sensor
2131:Film scanner
1785:Sun printing
1718:Print toning
1510:space selfie
1480:Pictorialism
1410:Ethnographic
1390:Conservation
1262:Guide number
1257:Focal length
809:
797:
786:. Retrieved
782:the original
772:
739:
733:
727:
715:
697:
688:
674:
668:
660:
656:
645:. Retrieved
635:
608:
601:
582:
576:
567:
549:Granta Books
539:
532:
522:February 15,
520:. Retrieved
510:
500:
488:
478:February 15,
476:. Retrieved
470:
446:. Retrieved
436:
425:. Retrieved
415:
392:
386:
375:. Retrieved
365:
327:
317:
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242:
218:
199:
180:
169:
142:
114:
102:
86:
61:
57:
53:
49:
47:
32:Leon Trotsky
2426:Stereoscopy
2285:E-6 process
2280:Dye coupler
2208:color space
2121:Digiscoping
2114:camera back
2029:Philippines
1958:Visual arts
1948:Glass plate
1933:Heliography
1832:Composition
1807:Ultraviolet
1763:Stereoscopy
1758:Slow motion
1743:Scanography
1658:Kite aerial
1603:Contre-jour
1495:Post-mortem
1485:Pornography
1465:Neues Sehen
1400:Documentary
1334:Zone System
1309:Reciprocity
1235:Film format
1165:Backscatter
1143:Terminology
1013:beauty dish
917:rangefinder
882:light-field
863:Photography
238:John Anglin
111:Description
89:photography
2471:Categories
2416:Lomography
2237:processing
2186:Print film
2102:comparison
2069:Uzbekistan
2019:Luxembourg
1979:Bangladesh
1928:Dufaycolor
1908:Box camera
1865:Simplicity
1822:Zoom burst
1817:Xerography
1812:Vignetting
1802:Time-lapse
1790:Tilt–shift
1683:Mordançage
1673:Luminogram
1638:Holography
1633:High-speed
1613:Fill flash
1598:Burst mode
1576:Techniques
1557:Vernacular
1552:Underwater
1547:Toy camera
1527:Still life
1455:Monochrome
1445:High-speed
1395:Cloudscape
1385:Conceptual
1287:Photograph
1272:Lens flare
1252:Film speed
1134:Zone plate
1080:wide-angle
1065:long-focus
788:2018-06-02
647:2023-04-06
448:2013-11-23
427:2013-11-23
377:2013-11-23
357:References
153:Birmingham
121:mass media
2477:Mug shots
2361:Norwegian
2325:Stop bath
2270:Developer
2265:Cyanotype
1893:Ambrotype
1855:Lead room
1778:Slit-scan
1713:Photogram
1708:Panoramic
1618:Fireworks
1450:Landscape
1095:telephoto
1043:reflector
1038:monolight
1033:lens hood
1018:cucoloris
959:safelight
870:Equipment
756:0021-9010
371:"mugshot"
346:Face book
330:genealogy
149:Liverpool
99:Etymology
43:Al Capone
2445:Category
2141:CMOS APS
2039:Slovenia
1967:Regional
1913:Calotype
1850:Headroom
1728:Redscale
1643:Infrared
1593:Brenizer
1567:Wildlife
1490:Portrait
1435:Forensic
1425:Fine-art
1360:Aircraft
1350:Abstract
1230:F-number
1210:Exposure
1185:Clipping
1160:Aperture
1028:hot shoe
954:enlarger
949:Darkroom
764:11768071
705:Archived
614:New York
340:See also
318:mug book
300:Mug book
222:database
117:mug book
80:via the
50:mug shot
2456:Outline
2392:Related
2074:Vietnam
2059:Ukraine
1994:Denmark
1974:Albania
1953:Tintype
1880:History
1845:Framing
1738:Rollout
1703:Panning
1653:Kirlian
1562:Wedding
1440:Glamour
1420:Fashion
1405:Eclipse
1375:Banquet
1297:Albumen
1107:Monopod
1085:fisheye
1053:softbox
907:pinhole
897:instant
887:digital
334:history
127:History
64:) is a
54:mugshot
2454:
2443:
2371:street
2366:Polish
2054:Turkey
2049:Taiwan
2034:Serbia
2024:Norway
1999:Greece
1984:Canada
1583:Afocal
1542:Street
1522:Sports
1505:Selfie
1460:Nature
1415:Erotic
1380:Candid
1355:Aerial
1343:Genres
1245:medium
1122:Tripod
1090:swivel
1003:Filter
981:holder
976:format
877:Camera
762:
754:
681:
623:
589:
555:
545:London
517:London
403:
251:list.
145:Sydney
2376:women
2334:Lists
2290:Fixer
2168:Pixel
2097:D-SLR
2044:Sudan
2014:Korea
2009:Japan
2004:India
1989:China
1773:Strip
1698:Night
1678:Macro
1588:Bokeh
1532:Stock
1500:Ruins
1240:large
1070:prime
1048:snoot
1008:Flash
986:stock
927:still
912:press
902:phone
892:field
2404:film
2109:MILC
1608:ETTR
1470:Nude
1430:Fire
1329:Sync
1127:head
1075:zoom
1060:Lens
1023:gobo
971:base
966:Film
942:view
760:PMID
752:ISSN
679:ISBN
621:ISBN
587:ISBN
553:ISBN
524:2014
480:2014
401:ISBN
332:and
170:The
151:and
105:face
2146:CCD
937:toy
932:TLR
922:SLR
744:doi
293:".
60:or
52:or
2473::
758:.
750:.
740:86
738:.
687:.
616::
612:.
547::
543:.
515:.
509:.
469:.
457:^
395:.
316:A
123:.
84:.
48:A
855:e
848:t
841:v
791:.
766:.
746::
650:.
629:.
595:.
561:.
526:.
482:.
451:.
430:.
409:.
380:.
291:'
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
