54:. According to local traditions, the Mukhi could be a hereditary position inherited by the eldest son or an elected position, as were the panchayats. Decisions made by the panchayat were accepted by their communities and did not require enforcement. In developed areas, many also held high positions in business.
80:
In 1876, according to the
Village Police Act, the mukhis were also given central roles in the criminal justice system and required to carry out surveillance about suspicious activities and reporting to district level officials. They had powers to resolve conflicts within their community, particularly
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Since at least the 16th
Century, the roles carried out by mukhis included those relating to local revenue gathering and expenditure, policing and justice. By the 19th, under the
66:(village self-government) is thought to be thousands of years old but currently decreasing in influence due to the growth of government and democratic decentralisation.
260:
Research in
Sociology: Abstracts of M.A. and Ph. D. Dissertations Completed in the Department of Sociology, University of Bombay. Concept Publishing Company, 1989
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The
Thakors of north Gujarat: a caste in the village and the region. Studies in sociology and social anthropology, Lobo, Lancy. Hindustan Pub. Corp., 1995.
296:
Balochistan
Through the Ages: Tribes Vol. 2: Selection from Government Record. Baluchistan (Pakistan) Nisa Traders 1979, University of Virginia, Apr 2009
278:
The Global World of Indian
Merchants, 1750-1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama, Markovits, Claude. Cambridge University Press, 22 Jun 2000
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Mukhi headmen generally came from the wealthiest or most prominent families within their community and acted as the presidents of the local
230:
Villages, Women, and the
Success of Dairy Cooperatives in India: Making Place for Rural Development. Basu, Pratyusha. Cambria Press, 2009
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denoting a hereditary relationship to a mukhi and, from a separate root, in other Indian communities as meaning "beautiful".
287:
Tribal
Culture, Continuity, and Change: A Study of Bhils in Rajasthan. Majhi, Anita Srivastava , Mittal Publications, 2010
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those relating to marriages, and give consent over the building of properties and officiate over daily events or rituals.
390:
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221:
Tribe, Volumes 2-6. Tribal
Research Institute (Rajasthan, India). Tribal Research Institute and Training Centre, 1966
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The Twice-born: A Study of a
Community of High-caste Hindus. Carstairs, G. Morris, Indiana University Press, 1967
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Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India. Vinayak, Chaturvedi, University of California Press, 2007
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Woman: Emancipation Through Legislative Reforms, Volume 5. Akashdeep, 1990
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they were the most powerful person in each community, imbued with both civil and judicial powers.
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community who presided over the collection of fines for the violation of duties and obligations.
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26:) is the title used for a head of community or village elites and their local government in
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Amilan-jo-Ahwal (1919) - translated into English in 2016 ("A History of the Amils") at
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Encyclopaedia of Ismailism. Mumtaz Ali Tajddin Sadik Ali, Islamic Book Publisher, 2006.
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Essential Sindhi Cookbook. Reejhsinghani, Aroona, Penguin Books India, 2004
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Bherumal Mahirchand Advani, "Amilan-jo-Ahwal" - published in Sindhi, 1919
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A Smaller Hindustani and English Dictionary, Taylor & Francis
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India's Villages. Development Department, West Bengal, 1955
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tradition, the term is also used for the guardian of each
73:, they became government appointed agents. They led local
88:, Sindh the position was always held by a member of the
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The Amil Community of Hyderabad, Narsain, S.J. 1932
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305:All India Reporter, Volume 3, Chitaley D.V., 1950
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391:Surnames of Indian origin
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119:Family name
370:Categories
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168:References
75:Panchayats
52:panchayats
96:Ismailism
86:Hyderabad
152:Sarpanch
142:Zamindar
131:See also
90:Bhaibund
361:sindhis
351:Sources
137:Faujdar
125:Sindhis
102:Ismaili
100:In the
58:History
36:mukhiya
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105:Nizari
46:Status
24:mukhia
32:Sindh
20:Mukhi
207:ISBN
113:Imam
30:and
84:In
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