Multi-user dungeon

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into short animated movies to visualize the changes over time. The graphs of the averaged CVs from all measurement points within a line scan were combined into an animation for demonstrating the systematic changes along each of the Pt stripes. After that, specific parameters were extracted from each CV (see below). These parameters and some derived values were tabulated and plotted versus the x-coordinate of the measurement point. Thus, different graphs for each line scan were created showing the changes in specific properties along the thickness of the Pt stripe. The combined tabulated data for each wafer was then used to plot a 3D image of several parameters vs substrate composition and nominal thickness. The LPC programs were compiled using LDMud (V3.3.719).

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on (nice for developers), the telnet address written out, an active hyperlink to the telnet site and Web home page if one exists, and a short but useful description of the Mud. The list is alphabetized and broken into four sections for easy loading. There are also forms for submitting your Mud to the list. There is even a page for dead links in case you want to see what has gone before.

1619:. This may be considered particularly appropriate since, due to the room-based nature of traditional MUDs, ranged combat is typically difficult to implement, resulting in most MUDs equipping characters mainly with close-combat weapons. This style of game was also historically referred to within the MUD genre as "adventure games", but video gaming as a whole has developed a meaning of " 4649:"The Mud Connector" is a complete on-line service designed to provide the most up-to-date listings of registered Multiuser on-line games. Every entry lists the site of the game, the base code used, descriptions of the game as submitted by the administrators, links to WWW homepages (when available), and Telnet links to the game. 1688:, encourage or enforce that players act out the role of their playing characters at all times. Some RP MUDs provide an immersive gaming environment, while others only provide a virtual world with no game elements. MUDs where roleplay is enforced and the game world is heavily computer-modeled are sometimes known as 3467:, p. 741, "AberMUD spread across university computer science departments like a virus. Identical copies (or incarnations) appeared on thousands of Unix machines. It went through four versions in rapid succession, spawning several imitators. The three most important of these were TinyMUD, LPMUD, and DikuMUD." 4614:

The Mud Connector has, at the time of this writing, links to 205 active Muds. The Muds are reviewed periodically, so there are few dead links. What sets this site apart from some of the other Mud link connections listed here is that each link includes the name of the Mud, the kind of code it is based

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system has long been a popular client interface for players of MOO, MUCK, and many TinyMUD-derivative systems. With a robust feature list supporting multiple sessions, macros, triggers and automation, command history and other functions, TinyFugue offers users maximum control over their environment.

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Late 1991 ¶ After the retirement of Lars from _Genesis_, the _Genesis_ admins move to create the first LPMud-derived server, CD. CD stands for Chalmers Datorforening, Swedish for Chalmers Computing Club, where _Genesis_ and _Igor_ existed. In spite of his retirement from _Genesis_, Lars continued to

4307:

When I went to university, I discovered text-based MUDs, or multi-user dungeons. I loved the fact that these sorts of games had all these players playing at once - even when you were not playing, the world carried on without you. Because of this, I began creating my own text-based MUD, but I quickly

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The point of the game was to gain points until you achieved the rank of wizard, at which point you became immortal and gained certain powers over mortals. Points were scored by killing things or dropping treasure into a swamp. The game gained some popularity in Britain when a guest account was set

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The program was also becoming unmanageable, as it was written in assembler. Hence, he rewrote everything in BCPL, starting late 1979 and working up to about Easter 1980. The finished product was the heart of the system which many people came to believe was the "original" MUD. In fact, it was version

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Zork was too much of a nonsense word, not descriptive of the game, etc., etc., etc. Silly as it sounds, we eventually started calling it Dungeon. (Dave admits to suggesting the new name, but that's only a minor sin.) When Bob the lunatic released his FORTRAN version to the DEC users' group, that was

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has just about everything you could possibly need to get on a MUD. It has MUD-related links to FAQs, newsgroups and clients; as well as player discussions and forums about different MUDs. This site also has a listing of over 500 MUDs, with pretty useful descriptions of what you can expect to find

4338:

Olifiers began with a brief history of Jagex and RuneScape: how Lead Developer Andrew Gower and his brother Paul founded the company in Cambridge in 2001, bringing their love for classic MUDs into the visual realm. The original RuneScape (now referred to as RuneScape Classic) was simply and exactly

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Simutronics was originally the brain-child of David Whatley. As a teenager, he'd been big into the old BBS days and had even written some Fantasy Game BBS software that he sold all over the world, and he did this all from his parents' home. He'd also gotten involved as a player in some of the early

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Milieu was originally written for a CDC Cyber owned by the Minnesota Educational Computer Consortium. High school students from around the state were given access to the machine for educational purposes; they often ended up writing chat programs and games instead. I am uncertain of the precise time

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Pip Cordrey used to run a BBS called 'Labbs', which had a section devoted to MUD1 in its early days. Six people from St. Paul's School worked on that section, and Cordrey organised them into a team to develop a MUA that would run on a home computer. The system was named MirrorWorld because it had

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Programs in LPC programming language were developed to perform the following tasks: First, each set of CVs was separated into single CVs, and each of them were plotted. An average CV from all the CVs in one set was calculated and plotted as well. All images belonging to one set of CVs were combined

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style, and the 'D' in its name was said to stand for 'Dimension' (or, occasionally, 'Domain') rather than 'Dungeon;' this is the ultimate cause of the MUD/MU* distinction that was to arise some years later." "The 'D' in MUD stands for 'Dungeon' because the version of ZORK Roy played was a Fortran

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pedagogical approaches. The Mud Institute (TMI) was an LPMud opened in February 1992 as a gathering place for people interested in developing LPMud and teaching LPC after it became clear that Lars Pensjö had lost interest in the project. TMI focussed on both the LPMud driver and library, the driver

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as a special MUD language to make extending the game simple. Lars says, '...I didn't think I would be able to design a good adventure. By allowing wizards coding rights, I thought others could help me with this.' The first running code was developed in a week on Unix System V using IPC, not BSD

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This is the "classic" MUD, played by many people both internal and external to the University. Although eventually available only during night-time due to the effects of its popularity on the system, its impact on on-line gaming has been immense. I eventually closed it down on 30/9/87 upon leaving

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Schaefer, Dominik; Mardare, Cezarina; Savan, Alan; Sanchez, Miguel D.; Mei, Bastian; Xia, Wei; Muhler, Martin; Ludwig, Alfred; Schuhmann, Wolfgang (February 17, 2011). "High-Throughput Characterization of Pt Supported on Thin Film Oxide Material Libraries Applied in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction".

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options; Socializers devote most of their energy to interacting with other players; and then there are Killers who focus on interacting negatively with other players, if permitted, killing the other characters or otherwise thwarting their play. Few players play only one way; most exhibit a diverse

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greatly expanded the command interface. To distance itself from the combat-oriented traditional MUDs it was said that the "D" in TinyMUD stood for Multi-User "Domain" or "Dimension"; this, along with the eventual popularity of acronyms other than MUD (such as MUCK, MUSH, MUSE, and so on) for this

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In 1980, Roy Traubshaw, a British fan of the fantasy role-playing board game Dungeons and Dragons, wrote an electronic version of that game during his final undergraduate year at Essex College. The following year, his classmate Richard Bartle took over the game, expanding the number of potential

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As micros became cost effective, the MECC mainframe became obsolete and was shut down in 1983. Scepter then went commercial in a collaboration between several ex-MECC (and by then also post-highschool) game hackers. It was rewritten in C and ran on a PC XT running QNX. It supported 16 dialup

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October of 1987 was chaos. The MUD account was deleted, but the guest account on Essex University remained open. I guess it wasn't causing any trouble so they simply left it. ROCK, UNI and MUD all ran from the MUD account so they had gone but... MIST ran from a student account and it was still

2009:

developed a theory that the constant use (and in many cases, overuse) of MUDs allows users to develop different personalities in their environments. She uses examples, dating back to the text-based MUDs of the mid-1990s, showing college students who simultaneously live different lives through

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characters in separate MUDs, up to three at a time, all while doing schoolwork. The students claimed that it was a way to "shut off" their own lives for a while and become part of another reality. Turkle claims that this could present a psychological problem of identity for today's youths.

4100:, p. 3, "Confusingly, although the term MUD applies to virtual worlds in general, the term MU* does not—it's used strictly for text-based worlds. The introduction of computer graphics into the mix therefore caused a second spate of naming, in order to make a distinction between 1249:

TinyMUD is also used to refer to the first database run under the TinyMUD codebase, which is also known as TinyMUD Classic; it ran from August 1989 to April 1990, and still comes back up every August during a holiday called Brigadoon Day, a reference to the Scottish village in the musical

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sockets. Early object-oriented features only existed accidentally by way of the nature of MUDs manipulating objects. As Lars learned C++, he gradually extended those features. The result is that the whole LPMud was developed from a small prototype, gradually extended with features."

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realized that with so many of them out there, there was no way that mine would ever get noticed. So I began to search for a way to make mine stand out, and the obvious way, of course, was to add graphics. With my game, I was trying to emulate text MUDs at the time, purely as a hobby.

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When you leave the game, objects can be kept for when you restart (eg. that weapon you commissioned from a smith), and you restart in the room from which you quit. This means some objects can be kept unavailable for long periods if their owner isn't playing. There are no

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Unzählige MUD-Nachfolger (wie etwa MOO, MUSH, MUCK, etc.) verwendeten ähnliche Systeme und Thematiken — v. A. aus Fantasy und Science Fiction — und verstärkten teilweise den Rollenspiel-Charakter bis hin zu den 'sogennanten Role Play Intensive MUD (RPIMUD)'.

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MUD, but graphics were added very early in development. However, with the increase in computing power and Internet connectivity during the late 1990s, and the shift of online gaming to the mass market, the term "graphical MUD" fell out of favor, being replaced by MMORPG

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computer network) to connect on weekends and between the hours of 2 AM and 8 AM on weekdays. It became the first Internet multiplayer online role-playing game in 1980 and started the online gaming industry as a whole when the university connected its internal network to

582:", "crypt", and "drygulch". By 1978–79, these games were heavily in use on various PLATO systems, and exhibited a marked increase in sophistication in terms of 3D graphics, storytelling, user involvement, team play, and depth of objects and monsters in the dungeons. 1973:

MUD history has been preserved primarily through community sites and blogs and not through mainstream sources with journalistic repute. As of the late 1990s, a website called The Mud Connector has served as a central and curated repository for active MUDs. In 1995,

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of its kind without the traditional hourly resets and points-based puzzle solving progression systems. Avalon introduced equilibrium and balance (cooldowns), skill-based player vs player combat and concepts such as player-run governments and player housing.

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multiplayer games that were out there such as Sceptre and Island of Kesmai, and, like many others who play these games, he thought to himself, "I can do this too." So in 1987, at the age of 21, he founded Simutronics Corporation with Tom and Susan Zelinski.

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on most games. You can even click on the MUD or home page you'd like to see and link right to it. If you're shopping for a new MUD and aren't sure what you're looking for, this is the place to park it. We're talking big time bookmark material here.

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Although the present system went live in October 1988, Gods began in 1985 as a non-commercial MUA; its author was inspired by MUD1 to write his own game, and was among the first people to do so. Gods was Shades' only rival to be the Prestel Micronet

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Most MUDs restrict player versus player combat, often abbreviated as PK (Player Killing). This is accomplished through hard coded restrictions and various forms of social intervention. MUDs without these restrictions are commonly known as

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The thing is, though, that even if the likes of Oubliette did count as a virtual world, they had pretty well zero effect on the development of today's virtual worlds. Follow the audit trail back from World of Warcraft, and you wind up at

3988:, pp. 98–99, "Some Muds are completely dependant on player-killing, and have wars that start every half-hour or so. These Muds are becoming more common, basing a lot of their ideas on the extremely popular LPmud known as Genocide." 3554:

Monster allows players to do something that very few, if any, other games allow: the players themselves create the fantasy world as part of the game. Players can create objects, make locations, and set up puzzles for other players to

4431:, p. 43, "The mudlib defines the physics of a virtual world, which will include things such as mass/weight, timers, movement and communication, along with higher concepts such as (in a game context) magic and combat mechanisms." 3580:

TinyMUD 1.0 was initially designed as a portable, stripped-down version of Monster (this was back in the days when TinyMUD was designed to be up and running in a week of coding and last for a month before everybody got bored of

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Written by Neil Newell, originally as a hobby because he enjoyed playing- the original MUD so much on Essex University, SHADES has recently. been launched on Micronet, the computer network, which has a large Commodore

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The word "mud" is also used as a verb. For example, you might hear someone say, "I like to mud more than I like to sleep," or "I am a bit tired, as I was up all night mudding, so maybe you better go to class without

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Almost anything can be bought, including houses, shops, taverns, animals, weapons, food and drink. Personae may use certain skills to create objects, eg. potions, which can be sold to other players for use on their

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Experience is obtained by visiting new places, wandering around exploring, and even by simply chatting. This contrasts with the usual MUA scheme where points are obtained for finding treasure or performing specific

3901:, p. 257, "Features include regular expression hilites and gags, auto-login, macros, line editing, screen mode, triggers, cyberportals, logging, file and command uploading, shells, and multiple connects." 3606:

August 19, 1989. Jim Aspnes announces the availability of TinyMUD to a few friends. Its port, 4201, is Aspnes' office number. TinyMUD is written in C for Unix, and was originally conceived as a front-end for

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in 1985. Some graphical MUDs require players to download a special client and the game's artwork, while others provide a rich experience by being website-based. Graphical MUDs range from simply enhancing the

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Although more recent programs such as Tintin++ have gained large followings, many MUD players continue to use TinyFugue because of its power and flexibility in the hands of an experience client programmer."

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The Multi-User Galaxy Game project was begun in 1985 by CompuNet as a SF alternative to MUD1, which then ran on the system. When the other programmer left CompuNet, Lenton rewrote the game from scratch as

3268:, p. 13, "Around the same time that Roy Trubshaw began work on what was to become MUD1, Alan Klietz wrote Sceptre of Goth on the CDC Cyber run by MECC (the Minnesota Educational Computer Consortium)." 820:, a copy of which they were running on their system at the time. When one of the two programmers left CompuNet, the remaining programmer, Alan Lenton, decided to rewrite the game from scratch and named it 2752:

Containing many of the features of a D&D game, it added an interesting twist -- the dungeon master, the person who set-up and ran a D&D world, was played by the Adventure computer program itself.

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A better way to connect to a MUD is by using a MUD client program: a program specifically designed for MUDding. A MUD program is really a telnet program that has had various MUD-related commands added.

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Some would insist however that 'MUD' does in fact stand for Multi Undergraduate Destroyer, in recognition of the number of students who may have failed their classes due to too much time spent MUDding!

662:, a fellow student at the University of Essex, in 1980. The game revolved around gaining points till one achieved the Wizard rank, giving the character immortality and special powers over mortals. 1793:

is considered by some to have been the first educational MUD, but it can be argued that its evolution into this role was not complete until 1994, which would make the first of many educational

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currently has 2,901,325 written words and 2,248,374 lines of game code (with 2,417,900 instructions). The original game came in at 1 KB in 1989, compared to 102 GB in January 2016.

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was the first of many massively multiuser graphical chat spaces, we also know that the connection is not direct. Its owners and makers (particularly F. Randy Farmer and Chip Morningstar)

1192:, setting new puzzles or creating dungeons for other players to explore. Monster, which comprised about 60,000 lines of code, had a lot of features which appeared to be designed to allow 4395:

had a mudlib, but it was an adaptation of the BCPL input/output library and therefore was at a lower level than today's mudlibs. The modern usage of the term was coined independently by

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muds had evolved to the point where the original name was too confining, and people started to say that "MUD" stood for the more generic "Multi-User Dimension" or "Multi-User Domain".

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settings or are based on popular books, movies, animations, periods of history, worlds populated by anthropomorphic animals, and so on. Not all MUDs are games; some are designed for

1421:. The original Diku team comprised Sebastian Hammer, Tom Madsen, Katja Nyboe, Michael Seifert, and Hans Henrik Staerfeldt. DikuMUD had a key influence on the early evolution of the 3333:

went live on CompuServe on December 15, 1985, after a very long internal test. The price was actually $ 6 an hour for 300 baud, $ 12 for 1200 baud. Serious players paid the bucks."

1073:. During this time it was sometimes said that MUD stands for "Multi Undergraduate Destroyer" due to their popularity among college students and the amount of time devoted to them. 1857:(e.g. Wolfery provides an option to set the room picture, but otherwise remains a text-based interaction) to simulating 3D worlds with visual spatial relationships and customized 1721:

de-emphasize game elements in favor of an environment designed primarily for socializing. They are differentiated from talkers by retaining elements beyond online chat, typically

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users, and dialup installations were set up in 5 states and Canada. This exposed Scepter to a lot of budding MUD developers at a time when the Internet was just getting started.

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The ancestors of MMORPGS were text-based multiuser domains (MUDs) Indeed, MUDs generate perhaps the one historical connection between game-based VR and the traditional program

1372: 2865:, p. 7, "The acknowledged original game known as 'MUD' was developed in 1978 for the old DEC-10 mainframe system at Essex University by Roy Trubshaw and Richard Bartle." 1536:. Movement around the game environment is generally accomplished by entering the direction (or an abbreviation of it) in which the player wishes to move, for example typing 336:, and perform actions in the virtual world that are typically also described. Players typically interact with each other and the world by typing commands that resemble a 3974:

January 1992 ¶ _Genocide_ starts as the first MUD dedicated totally to inter-player conflict, which is a fancy way of saying that its theme is creatively player-killing.

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with similar gameplay, as the only remaining MUD running on the University of Essex network, becoming one of the first of its kind to attain broad popularity.

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and wanted to create a world with the flexibility of TinyMUD and the gameplay of AberMUD. In order to accomplish this he wrote what is nowadays known as a

4745: 1696:. In many cases, role-playing MUDs attempt to differentiate themselves from hack and slash types, by dropping the "MUD" name entirely, and instead using 894:

supported 10 to 16 simultaneous users, typically connecting in by modem. It was the first commercial MUD; franchises were sold to a number of locations.

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Within a MUD's technical infrastructure, a mudlib (concatenation of "MUD library") defines the rules of the in-game world. Examples of mudlibs include

245: 935: 2649: 939:. For a few years this was a very popular form of MUD, hosted on a number of BBS systems, until widespread Internet access eliminated most BBSes. 439:

clients, or specialized MUD clients, which are designed to improve the user experience. Numerous games are listed at various web portals, such as

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can add complex features, such as adding elements to the game world and giving users more ways to interact with it, that MUDs without it cannot.

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So after more than 15 years of great memories, with a heavy heart, I am going to officially declare Dragon's Gate closed... at least for now.

1414: 141: 4219: 3172:. It was officially launched on CompuNet in 1989; reported also to run on MicroLink, and on any other commercial system willing to take it. 2477: 2131: 472:, can be traced directly back to the MUD genre. Indeed, before the invention of the term MMORPG, games of this style were simply called 146: 136: 3162: 3069: 3043: 1787:

Taking advantage of the flexibility of MUD server software, some MUDs are designed for educational purposes rather than gaming or chat.

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2000 In May, Electronics Arts announces the shutdown of most of the Kesmai games, including Legends of Kesmai and Air Warrior Classic.

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with the majority of the complex game machinery stripped away, leaving just the communication commands. The first Internet talker was

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The popularity of MUDs of the University of Essex tradition escalated in the United States during the late 1980s when affordable

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The MUDs I played extensively: Genocide (where I first used the name "Psychochild"), Highlands, Farside, Kerovnia, and Astaria.

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evolving into MudOS, the TMI Mudlib was never officially released, but was influential in the development of other libraries.

4971: 4949: 4926: 4907: 4842: 4810: 4547: 4362: 4243: 4178: 4136: 4015: 3665: 3320: 3221: 3138: 2968: 2726: 2572: 2534: 2460: 2240: 1288:, it has remained ever since. An early version of Hourglass was also ported to the PC, named Vortex, by Ben Maizels in 1992. 3436: 1351:

used to create the game world. Pensjö's interest in LPMud eventually waned and development was carried on by others such as

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platforms upon its release in 1989. AberMUD's popularity resulted in several inspired works, the most notable of which were

4472: 2157: 4642: 4607: 2769:, Pantheon Books, New York, 2017; see pages 292–294 for "pedit5", pages 294–297 for "dnd", pages 297–298 for "dungeon". 2629: 2162: 356: 298: 5030: 4506: 4442: 4325: 3957: 3806: 3729:

The original LPMUD was written by Lars Pensjö and others, and became one of the most popular MUD's by the early 1990s.

1379:, and the Pike programming language, the latter the work of long-time LPMud developer Fredrik "Profezzorn" Hübinette. 6828: 6625: 5579: 5537: 4990: 3880: 2913:

up that allowed users on JANET (the British academic network) to play during the small hours of the morning each day.

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players and their options for action. He called the game MUD (for Multi-User Dungeons), and put it onto the Internet.

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started life in Vortex prior to moving to its own Rapture engine. Hourglass continues to be developed as of 2016 and

943: 493: 231: 3749: 1528:(NPCs) in the area, as well as all of the exits. To carry out a task the player would enter a text command such as 1524:

The typical MUD will describe to the player the room or area they are standing in, listing the objects, players and

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at the University of Illinois and other American universities that used PLATO, beginning in 1975. Among them were "

214: 19:

This article is about a type of online computer game. For the first game called "MUD" or "Multi-User Dungeon", see

6757: 6355: 6280: 6000: 5281: 2324: 1359:, Tim "Beek" Hollebeek and Lars Düning. During the early 1990s, LPMud was one of the most popular MUD codebases. 3852: 5731: 5171: 4773: 2390: 1305: 1122: 171: 6553: 6275: 6050: 5650: 863: 616: 537: 116: 2589: 6285: 6270: 6135: 6043: 2066:

is variously written MUD, Mud, and mud, depending on speaker and context. It is also used as a verb, with

1513: 1226: 489: 4862: 3481: 1729:. Often such MUDs have broadly defined contingents of socializers and roleplayers. Server software in the 6818: 5519: 1962: 1571:

and features in MUDs, some distinct sub-groups have formed that can be used to help categorize different

2657: 6838: 6577: 6377: 6217: 6142: 3741: 1920: 1348: 1222: 428:. At one time, there was interest from the United States military in using them for teleconferencing. 100: 4833:(1997). "Virtually Embodied: The Reality of Fantasy in a Multi-User Dungeon". In Porter, David (ed.). 1978:

reported that over 60,000 people regularly played about 600 MUDs, up from 170 MUDs three years prior.

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In 2004, significant usages of MUDs included "online gaming, education,...socializing", and religious

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Some people describe it as a MUD (Multi User Dungeon) with a 3D interface and role playing character.

3241: 3185: 1608: 1465:, founded Simutronics with Tom and Susan Zelinski. In the same year they demonstrated a prototype of 1285: 4580: 4202: 6823: 6637: 6207: 6098: 6080: 5933: 5419: 5228: 4897: 3453:

Cox was a player of MUD1 who wrote AberMUD while a student at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth.

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in 1983, Klietz formed a company, GāmBit, with Bob Alberti and two others to commercialize Sceptre.

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Proceedings of First International Workshop on Advanced Context Modelling, Reasoning and Management

1931: 1368: 1264: 1138: 1134: 1077: 1066: 655: 371:, and advance the created character. Many MUDs were fashioned around the dice-rolling rules of the 61: 2680: 2365: 6572: 6262: 6090: 5617: 2930: 1821: 1597:

Perhaps the most common approach to game design in MUDs is to loosely emulate the structure of a

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network, and became more widely accessible when a guest account was set up that allowed users on

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Most MUDs are run as hobbies and are free to play; some may accept donations or allow players to

348: 166: 36: 4263: 4235: 3657: 3312: 2960: 1559:, and connection assistance. Prominent clients include TinyTalk, TinyFugue, TinTin++, and zMUD. 6620: 6615: 6531: 6409: 6184: 5995: 5969: 5952: 5923: 5574: 5560: 5372: 5301: 3837:

December, 1996 - GemStone III and DragonRealms are the top two titles (hours/month) in industry

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to represent parts of the virtual world and its visitors. A prominent early graphical MUD was

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campaign focused more on fighting and advancement than role-playing. When these MUDs restrict

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developers were made to issue a sworn statement that no actual DikuMUD code was incorporated.

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In 1990, the release of DikuMUD, which was inspired by AberMUD, led to a virtual explosion of

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Then, in 1996, I was hired by Sony Interactive Studios to create a graphical, commercial MUD.

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Research has suggested that various factors combine in MUDs to provide users with a sense of

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that can be roughly categorized. Achievers focus on concrete measurements of success such as

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to work in it. Though there never were many network-accessible Monster servers, it inspired

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and initially hosted on the IOWA system. Initially written in ARM assembly language on the

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in order to gain specific skills or powers. The objective of this sort of game is to slay

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before it was finally released on its own. Dragon's Gate was closed on February 10, 2007.

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player named Karyn, raising the subject of inter-human relationships in virtual worlds.

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The first version of Hourglass was written by Yehuda Simmons and later Daniel James for

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PangaeaMud: An Online, Object-oriented Multiple User Interactive Geologic Database Tool

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on the "wet dirt" meaning of "mud" are endemic, as with, for example, the names of the

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It made perfect sense for us to combine the two technologies and make a graphical MUD.

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MUD, and the gameplay was heavily influenced by it. AberMUD was initially written in

6793: 6706: 6701: 6372: 6318: 6227: 6060: 6020: 5823: 5487: 5477: 5433: 5331: 5060: 5017: 4986: 4967: 4945: 4922: 4903: 4838: 4806: 4638: 4603: 4543: 4358: 4352: 4239: 4174: 4132: 4118: 4011: 3876: 3661: 3316: 3279: 3217: 3134: 2964: 2817: 2722: 2625: 2568: 2530: 2516: 2456: 2417: 2275: 2236: 1831: 1726: 1676: 1576: 1360: 1042: 555:, it contained many D&D features and references, including a computer controlled 440: 412:. MUDs have attracted the interest of academic scholars from many fields, including 5051: 4769: 2979:

completed by Richard Bartle. Essex goes on the ARPANet, resulting in Internet MUDs!

435:, while others charge a monthly subscription fee. MUDs can be accessed via standard 6783: 6694: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6454: 6449: 6404: 6245: 6010: 5911: 5850: 5790: 5747: 5667: 5660: 5351: 5346: 5001: 4757: 4511: 4036: 3594: 3127:

The Cybergypsies: a True Tale of Lust, War, and Betrayal on the Electronic Frontier

2822: 2813: 2407: 2399: 2083: 2035: 1994: 1935: 1908: 1845: 1461: 1273: 1082: 1032: 986: 960: 397: 337: 269: 156: 52: 4147:

as a result. This is described as a 2D graphical MUD, and while we now know that

1803:

in 1993, also the first educational MUD. The MUD medium lends itself naturally to

1352: 6833: 6752: 6442: 6297: 5918: 5878: 5828: 5638: 4941: 4387:, p. 43, "Above this layer is what (for historical reasons) is known as the 3856: 3538: 3509: 3477: 3440: 2712: 2167: 2047:, "People go there as part of a hero's journey—a means of self-discovery". 1927: 1722: 1455: 1344: 1189: 1169: 747: 497: 381: 360: 305: 176: 6514: 4480: 758:

MUD started by Pip Cordrey who gathered some people on a BBS he ran to create a

367:, explore a fantasy world, complete quests, go on adventures, create a story by 6397: 6103: 5987: 5899: 5894: 5785: 5392: 5341: 5316: 5306: 4893: 4687: 4007: 3868: 3724: 3353: 3207: 3154: 3061: 3035: 3013: 2991: 2841: 2743: 2044: 2039: 1854: 1620: 1612: 1592: 1556: 1394: 991: 659: 556: 544: 401: 317: 44: 4761: 4538:

Towers, J. Tarin; Badertscher, Ken; Cunningham, Wayne; Buskirk, Laura (1996).

2296: 1328: 332:. Players can read or view descriptions of rooms, objects, other players, and 6812: 6541: 6382: 6323: 6174: 6115: 5906: 5865: 5808: 5655: 5387: 5321: 5157: 5149: 3169: 2708: 2442: 2172: 2006: 1986: 1882: 1862: 1572: 1137:

for a Honeywell L66 mainframe under GCOS3/TSS. In late 1988 it was ported to

842:

later left AOL to run on its own after AOL began offering unlimited service.

822: 575: 563: 533: 512: 463: 458: 413: 301: 126: 73: 3542: 3017: 2207:

was deliberately intended to be distanced from the prevailing hack-and-slay

6778: 6740: 6582: 6432: 6350: 6015: 5977: 5938: 5838: 5818: 5800: 5698: 5509: 5397: 5034: 4446: 4419:. ... Files within a MUDLib are akin to books on the shelves of a library." 4354:

The Social Media Bible: Tactics, Tools, and Strategies for Business Success

3961: 3828: 3810: 3775: 3745: 3567: 3337: 3130: 2995: 2845: 2421: 1841: 1544:

would cause the player to exit the current area via the path to the north.

1493: 1432: 1268:

which debuted in 1989 at the last of the London MUD mega Meets aptly named

1199: 1002: 755: 623: 567: 485: 204: 5529: 6689: 6663: 6486: 6459: 6437: 6240: 6189: 5833: 5768: 5693: 5643: 5492: 5013: 4959: 3753: 3690:, Lars Penjske decides to write a server to combine the extensibility of 3122: 2611: 2560: 2152: 2031: 2018: 1939: 1870: 1758: 1467: 1448: 1356: 950:. The site featured two games coded and designed by Jacobs, a MUD called 798: 794: 786: 650:, which Trubshaw had greatly enjoyed playing. Trubshaw converted MUD to 481: 468: 368: 329: 3783: 3634: 2412: 396:

of many MUD servers leads to their occasional use in areas ranging from

6735: 6711: 6658: 6546: 6250: 6169: 5777: 4830: 4268: 2783: 2352: 2098: 1955: 1406: 1070: 1037: 739: 711: 706: 593:

in the summer of 1977 wrote a game for the PDP-10 minicomputer; called

309: 131: 4060:

evolves into the first educational Mud, with emphasis on K12 outreach.

3832: 3619: 3413: 3390: 3371: 2403: 1982:

also noted distinct patterns of socialization within MUD communities.

781:

became accessible in the UK as a commercial MUD via British Telecom's

6509: 6427: 6130: 6108: 5291: 5135:: Google custom search engine indexing MUD and MUD-related web sites. 3849: 2718: 2271: 2107: 2023: 1894: 1876: 1849: 1789: 1427: 1410: 1402: 1251: 1016: 867: 730:

1985 saw the origin of a number of projects inspired by the original

452: 425: 417: 95: 66: 5716: 2298:

A Distributed Persistent World Server using Dworkin's Generic Driver

6773: 6725: 6671: 6597: 6587: 6466: 6179: 5382: 5286: 5253: 5129:: MUD listings, reviews, discussion forum and rankings by category. 4867: 3075:

rolling resets (as in the film "Westworld"). It went live in 1986.

2123: 2092: 1775: 1580: 1568: 1218: 1214: 1118: 809: 631: 4537: 3513: 976:. At its peak, the site had about 100 monthly subscribers to both 705:

game was closed down in late 1987, reportedly under pressure from

380:

Such fantasy settings for MUDs are common, while many others have

6073: 5688: 5467: 5296: 5233: 5200: 5195: 4746:"Presence in Text-Based Networked Virtual Environments or "MUDS"" 1418: 1388: 1376: 1340: 1336: 1281: 1221:. TinyMUCK version 2 contained a full programming language named 1177: 1154: 1146: 1112: 965: 782: 695: 630:

in the UK, started working on a multi-user adventure game in the

612: 600: 364: 352: 2556:

Interactive Internet: The Insider's Guide to MUDs, MOOs, and IRC

2353:"A Portal for Interacting with Context-aware Ubiquitous Systems" 5472: 5248: 4166:

Avatars!: exploring and building virtual worlds on the Internet

1817: 1753: 1746: 1548: 1436: 1277: 1276:

440, in 1994 it made the leap from the venerable Archimedes to

1095: 1058: 1023: 926: 883: 750:

in its endgame, and which became a commercial MUD in 1988; and

724: 608: 571: 540: 436: 5126: 902:), founded by Bob Alberti. GamBit's assets were later sold to 777:

was closed down during the holidays. Starting out as a hobby,

6718: 6559: 5462: 5452: 5205: 5120: 1892:

were routinely called graphical MUDs in their earlier years.

1770: 1713: 1472: 1364: 1322: 1184:

was disk-based and modifications to the game were immediate.

1150: 1019: 973: 955: 686: 5101: 4555: 834:

was later picked up by AOL, where it became known simply as

5243: 5138: 2386: 2127: 1230: 1142: 690: 651: 595: 20: 5107: 4292:"Q&A: Behind RuneScape's 1 Million Subscriber Success" 4124:

Synthetic Worlds: The Business and Culture of Online Games

2714:

Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction

2522:

Synthetic Worlds: The Business and Culture of Online Games

1998:

wrote that the MUD community was "in decline" as of 2009.

1551:

interface more accessible to users, with features such as

1505:

had become the first and second most played games on AOL.

1081:

was published by Yehuda Simmons in 1989. It was the first

709:, to whom Richard Bartle had licensed the game. This left 5238: 5210: 5065:

Australian Folklore: A Yearly Journal of Folklore Studies

4718: 2103: 1794: 1734: 1488: 1246:

were inspired by TinyMUD but are not direct descendants.

1243: 1235: 1234:

kind of server, led to the eventual adoption of the term

1209:

TinyMUD, written in C and released in late 1989, spawned

1173: 1047: 590: 421: 275: 4692:"Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades: Players Who Suit MUDs" 4500: 4498: 1567:

While there have been many variations in overall focus,

1547:

MUD clients are computer applications that make the MUD

1347:, which he called the LPMud driver, that ran the C-like 466:

genres such as the social virtual worlds exemplified by

6345: 5104:: Home of the 16k MUD competition, and other resources. 4028: 3006: 2448:

Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet

2268:

Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals

4983:

Internet Agents: Spiders, Wanderers, Brokers, and Bots

4849:

Often MUD users (or MUDders, as they call themselves)

4823: 4226:". In Mulligan, Jessica; Patrovsky, Bridgette (eds.). 2057: 1050:

in 1996. The games were retired commercially in 2000.

634:

assembly language for a DEC PDP-10. He named the game

5144: 5132: 4495: 4339:

that: a 2D graphical interface placed on top of a MUD

3937: 3586: 665: 476:. A number of influential MMORPG designers began as 5123:: Extensive mud portal with hundreds of mud listings 4004:

Revenue Models in Massively Multiplayer online Games

3716: 3531: 2834: 2511: 2509: 1919:"CDLIB" redirects here. For the online catalog, see 1761:

environment typically based on server software like

1299:, which ran from 1999 to 2014. The now defunct 1996 1180:Pascal. It was publicly released in November 1988. 278: 3734: 2350: 1295:, it went on to spawn a number of games, including 1026:company in 1982 and in 1985 an enhanced version of 984:. GEnie was shut down in the late 1990s, although 830:existed). The MUD was officially launched in 1989. 340:, as well as using a character typically called an 272: 4227: 4111: 4000:Erlösmodelle in Massively Multiplayer online Games 3768: 3649: 3304: 3195:frame, but I believe Milieu probably predates MUD. 3086: 2952: 2617:Play Between Worlds: Exploring Online Game Culture 2266:Salamone, Frank A. (2004). Levinson, David (ed.). 1737:, is traditionally used to implement social MUDs. 5061:"The Development of MMORPG Culture and The Guild" 4065: 3821: 3774: 3647: 3626: 3302: 3147: 3054: 3028: 2950: 2506: 1453:In 1987, David Whatley, having previously played 954:(which was later renamed, upgraded and ported to 850:In 1978, around the same time Roy Trubshaw wrote 547:. The game was significantly expanded in 1976 by 6810: 4507:"MUD history dissolving into the waters of time" 4091: 3648:Mulligan, Jessica; Patrovsky, Bridgette (2003). 3497:Monster was written in VMS Pascal under VMS 4.6. 3303:Mulligan, Jessica; Patrovsky, Bridgette (2003). 2984: 2951:Mulligan, Jessica; Patrovsky, Bridgette (2003). 2196: 2194: 2192: 4680: 4313: 3979: 3778:; Clover, Steve; Uzun, Roger (March 17, 2000). 3470: 3186:"A brief (and very incomplete) history of MUDs" 2925:Hosch, William L.; Ray, Michael (May 9, 2023). 946:created and deployed a commercial gaming site, 769:player, started programming his own MUD called 448:massively multiplayer online role-playing games 5179: 4801:(2nd ed.). Osborne McGraw-Hill. pp. 4422: 4344: 4156: 4056:at the suggestion of Wallace Feurzeig of BBN. 3740: 3458: 2856: 2808: 2735: 2231:(2nd ed.). Osborne McGraw-Hill. pp. 2220: 2218: 1905:massively multiplayer online role-playing game 1642:. Taking this a step further are MUDs devoted 1491:in September 1995, followed by the release of 1188:pioneered the approach of allowing players to 5732: 5623:History of massively multiplayer online games 5545: 5165: 4378: 3798: 2581: 2189: 1985:In 2004, MUDs were relatively popular in the 1865:provides a rich point-and-click experience). 1335:in LPMud). Pensjö had been an avid player of 1141:, which enabled it to spread rapidly to many 845: 239: 4743: 4626: 4212: 3502: 3482:"monster - multiuser adventure game for VMS" 3001:Essex University to work for MUSE full time. 2802: 2763:Brian Dear, Chapter 16: "Into the Dungeon", 2001: 1725:as a community activity and some element of 1626: 1061:enabled role-players to log into multi-line 611:, under the filename DUNGEN ("dungeon"), to 5559: 5095: 4283: 4230:Developing Online Games: An Insider's Guide 3652:Developing Online Games: An Insider's Guide 3307:Developing Online Games: An Insider's Guide 3271: 2955:Developing Online Games: An Insider's Guide 2475: 2215: 2070:meaning to play or interact with a MUD and 1663:ideas were influential in the evolution of 1623:" that is greatly at odds with this usage. 1397:MUDs based upon its code. DikuMUD inspired 1168:was a multi-user adventure game created by 5739: 5725: 5552: 5538: 5504: 5172: 5158: 4916: 4660: 4654: 4350: 4117: 3985: 3898: 3346: 2862: 2778: 2515: 2469: 2351:Cruickshank, Don; De Roure, David (2004). 2344: 2304:(Cand. Scient. thesis). University of Oslo 1769:. Most of the early Internet talkers were 1483:was officially launched in February 1990. 1435:) displaying such Diku-like gameplay that 876:Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium 246: 232: 5075: 4788: 3949: 3641: 3296: 2643: 2641: 2411: 2364: 1898:was actually originally intended to be a 762:clone that would run on a home computer. 492:) or were involved with early MUDs (like 5041: 4837:(pbk. ed.). Routledge. p. 93. 4744:Towell, John; Towell, Elizabeth (1997). 4663:"Jackal takes Dragonfly to be his bride" 4542:. IDG Books Worldwide Inc. p. 138. 4190: 4127:. University Of Chicago Press. pp. 4048:Summer 1991. koosh (Nils McCarty) ports 3997: 3991: 3842: 3698:. Out of this inspiration, he designed 3560: 2924: 2707: 2701: 2672: 2525:. University Of Chicago Press. pp. 2437: 2435: 2265: 1512: 723:ran until the machine that hosted it, a 507: 4860: 4627:Condon, William; Butler, Wayne (1997). 4593: 4587: 4504: 4369:Richard Garriott first coined the term 4197:Aihoshi, Richard (September 27, 2000). 4196: 3804: 3722: 3537: 3508: 3476: 3428: 3177: 3165:from the original on February 2, 2016. 3159:"Interactive Multi-User Computer Games" 3072:from the original on February 2, 2016. 3066:"Interactive Multi-User Computer Games" 3046:from the original on February 2, 2016. 3040:"Interactive Multi-User Computer Games" 2944: 2895: 2552: 2546: 2476:Grimmelmann, James (December 8, 2004). 2380: 6811: 5012: 4980: 4958: 4892: 4737: 4724: 4686: 4620: 4505:Brennan, Seraphina (January 6, 2009). 4434: 4428: 4384: 4289: 4097: 3943: 3927: 3867: 3566: 3464: 3265: 3239: 3233: 3206: 3183: 3153: 3080: 3060: 3034: 3012: 2901: 2840: 2678: 2647: 2638: 2610: 2604: 2587: 2441: 2322: 2294: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2200: 1586: 1040:. Later, its 2-D graphical descendant 898:was first owned and run by GamBit (of 658:), before handing over development to 543:computer, was the first widely played 5746: 5720: 5533: 5153: 5110:: MUD code repository and discussion. 5028: 4999: 4935: 4440: 4408: 4402: 4218: 4162: 4034: 3955: 3910: 3827: 3592: 3277: 3121: 3115: 2874: 2868: 2432: 2316: 2295:Hansen, Geir Harald (July 31, 2002). 2288: 2074:referring to the act of doing so. A 1497:in February 1996. By the end of 1997 1202:to create a stripped-down version of 854:, Alan E. Klietz wrote a game called 385: 4863:"Curing mudflation before it starts" 4794: 4727:"MUD, PLATO and the dawn of MMORPGs" 4690:(July 1997). Jacobson, David (ed.). 4661:Godlovitch, Ilsa (August 28, 1995). 4630:Writing the Information Superhighway 4531: 4465: 4319: 4261: 4255: 4052:to Chezmoto. The name is changed to 2772: 2590:"MUD, PLATO and the dawn of MMORPGs" 2224: 858:(Scepter of Goth), and later called 816:as a science fiction alternative to 578:", "avatar", "krozair", "dungeon", " 5076:McClellan, Jim (January 28, 1999). 5058: 4829: 4519:from the original on April 26, 2016 3434: 3278:Hyrup, Darrin (February 10, 2007). 2741: 2679:Carter, Randolph (April 23, 2009). 2478:"Virtual Worlds as Comparative Law" 2332:(Master's thesis). Miami University 2252: 2158:Online text-based role-playing game 2058:Grammatical usage and derived terms 1782: 1704:(Multi-User Shared Hallucination). 1670: 1129:. Alan Cox had played the original 1101: 473: 13: 4964:Internet Virtual Worlds Quick Tour 4917:Shah, Rawn; Romine, James (1995). 4479:. January 24, 2009. Archived from 4264:"Games Started Off Without a Bang" 3632: 3620:"toccobrator.com: TinyMUD Classic" 3411: 3388: 3369: 2990: 2323:Boring, Erich (December 3, 1993). 2163:Integrated development environment 2054:rather than simply communication. 1475:. After a short-lived instance of 1291:Although written specifically for 666:Wider access and early derivatives 388:purposes, while others are purely 14: 6850: 5580:Massively multiplayer online game 5090: 4351:Safko, Ron; Brake, David (2009). 4322:"WarCry and Jagex Talk RuneScape" 3635:"Adventure 89 review Pip Cordrey" 3437:"5. Reviews -- Rest of the World" 3372:"Richard A. Bartle: Reviews - UK" 3240:Klietz, Alan (January 20, 1992). 3093:Commodore Computing International 1811: 1646:to this sort of conflict, called 1361:Descendants of the original LPMud 599:, it became quite popular on the 5951: 5514: 5513: 5503: 5048:Microsoft Social Computing Group 5042:Mitchell, Don (March 23, 1995). 5029:Reese, George (March 11, 1996). 4441:Reese, George (March 11, 1996). 4324:. WarCry Network. Archived from 3956:Reese, George (March 11, 1996). 1751:A less-known MUD variant is the 1431:(created by avid DikuMUD player 1327:In 1989, LPMud was developed by 1127:University of Wales, Aberystwyth 1121:was AberMUD, written in 1987 by 1089: 1009:, a six player game inspired by 727:, was superseded in early 1991. 503: 268: 43: 5282:Bartle taxonomy of player types 4885: 4854: 4798:The Internet Complete Reference 4725:Stuart, Keith (July 17, 2007). 4696:Journal of Virtual Environments 4222:(2003). "Post-Mortem: Mythic's 4075:. MuseNet. 1994. Archived from 3904: 3892: 3861: 3612: 3405: 3382: 3363: 3259: 3200: 2918: 2757: 2588:Stuart, Keith (July 19, 2007). 2228:The Internet Complete Reference 1098:or other religious activities. 836:Federation: Adult Space Fantasy 773:during Christmas 1985, because 4921:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4861:Chester, Chris (May 5, 2008). 3354:"A Study of MUDs as a Society" 3184:Wisner, Bill (June 29, 1990). 2902:Wisner, Bill (June 29, 1990). 2485:New York Law School Law Review 2030:Observations of MUD-play show 2017:" is a short essay written by 1914: 1707: 1442: 1306:Achaea, Dreams of Divine Lands 1284:where, other than shifting to 1: 5651:Social interaction in MMORPGs 5044:"From MUDs To Virtual Worlds" 4290:Dobson, James (May 3, 2007). 3280:"The Future of Dragon's Gate" 2879:. GameSpy.com. Archived from 2648:Nelson, Mike (July 2, 2002). 2487:(49): 147–184. Archived from 2183: 2078:is, naturally, one who MUDs. 1650:MUDs, the first of which was 1399:numerous derivative codebases 909:In 1984, Mark Peterson wrote 886:in 1983, naming the new port 347:Traditional MUDs implement a 117:Social interaction in MMORPGs 5114: 4919:Playing MUDs on the Internet 4320:Funk, John (July 23, 2008). 4262:King, Brad (July 15, 2002). 3850:The Lands of Evermore Manual 3543:"An Introduction to Monster" 3089:"Micronet's Multi-user Game" 2818:"The Dragon Ate My Homework" 2553:Shefski, William J. (1995). 1968: 1257: 968:science-fiction game called 929:(the basis for many dial-in 921:. In 1994, Peterson rewrote 389: 357:fictional races and monsters 7: 4596:The Complete Internet Gamer 4473:"Full Lima Bundle Released" 4201:. RPG Vault. Archived from 4169:. Peachpit Press. pp. 3672:1989 Lars Penjske creates 3087:Kate & Frobozz (1986). 2826:. Vol. 1, no. 3. 2141: 2102:are also regularly coined. 1963:object-oriented programming 1700:(Multi-User Experience) or 1684:, generally abbreviated as 1508: 1022:graphics. They founded the 1001:classmates John Taylor and 972:, which was also ported to 681:in later years, ran on the 615:by a programmer working at 312:. MUDs combine elements of 10: 6855: 5949: 4938:Secrets of the MUD Wizards 3875:. IDG Books. p. 199. 3807:"A chat with Elonka Dunin" 3782:. DIKU MUD. Archived from 3752:. DIKU MUD. Archived from 3242:"Scepter - the first MUD?" 2620:. The MIT Press. pp. 1921:California Digital Library 1918: 1815: 1744: 1740: 1711: 1674: 1630: 1590: 1446: 1386: 1382: 1320: 1280:Linux on the PC and later 1160: 1110: 1106: 874:which was operated by the 846:Other early MUD-like games 522: 18: 6766: 6682: 6646: 6608: 6502: 6495: 6420: 6336: 6311: 6261: 6226: 6198: 6160: 6151: 6089: 6059: 6029: 5986: 5960: 5887: 5864: 5799: 5776: 5767: 5759:List of video game genres 5754: 5706:Social networking service 5681: 5631: 5610: 5567: 5501: 5458:Iron Realms Entertainment 5443: 5411: 5357:Player versus environment 5262: 5219: 5188: 5000:Burka, Lauren P. (1995). 4981:Cheong, Fah-Chun (1996). 4762:10.1162/pres.1997.6.5.590 4556:http://www.mudconnect.com 4035:Burka, Lauren P. (1995). 3873:More Internet for Dummies 3848:Basic movement commands: 3805:Cambron, Melanie (2002). 3723:Stewart, William (2002). 3593:Burka, Lauren P. (1995). 3018:"Escape from the Dungeon" 2904:"A brief history of MUDs" 2650:"Interview: Brad McQuaid" 2036:experience points, levels 2021:regarding the death of a 2002:Psychology and engagement 1627:Player versus player MUDs 1609:player versus environment 1242:. UberMUD, UnterMUD, and 1206:which he called TinyMUD. 933:systems), and renamed it 589:, a group of students at 6829:Multiplayer online games 6051:Digital collectible card 5420:Designing Virtual Worlds 5096:Source code repositories 5059:Jøn, A. Asbjørn (2010). 4899:Designing Virtual Worlds 4199:"Brad McQuaid Interview" 3998:Korchmar, Simon (2007). 3213:MMOs from the Inside Out 2766:The Friendly Orange Glow 2203:, pp. 9–10, 741, " 1805:constructionist learning 1562: 1349:LPC programming language 1316: 1311:Avalon: The Legend Lives 1293:Avalon: The Legend Lives 1265:Avalon: The Legend Lives 1078:Avalon: The Legend Lives 1067:online service providers 812:started a project named 480:and/or players (such as 359:, with players choosing 37:Role-playing video games 6136:Roguelike deck-building 6044:Roguelike deck-building 5618:History of online games 5561:Multiplayer video games 5018:"Online World Timeline" 4391:. For "mud library". 4234:. New Riders. pp. 3813:on September 27, 2007. 3694:with the adventures of 3656:. New Riders. pp. 3311:. New Riders. pp. 2975:1980 Final version of 2959:. New Riders. pp. 2931:Encyclopedia Britannica 1989:and mostly text-based. 1822:Category:Graphical MUDs 1690:roleplay intensive MUDs 1353:Jörn "Amylaar" Rennecke 1211:a number of descendants 1195:Colossal Cave Adventure 1057:with 300 to 2400 bit/s 997:In the summer of 1980, 789:networks. A scandal on 529:Colossal Cave Adventure 349:role-playing video game 147:History of Western RPGs 137:History of Eastern RPGs 5078:"Mind game in the MUD" 5054:on September 26, 2006. 4936:Busey, Andrew (1995). 3986:Shah & Romine 1995 3899:Shah & Romine 1995 3833:"Simutronics Timeline" 3216:. Apress. p. 31. 2863:Shah & Romine 1995 2134:codebases and the MUD 1600:Dungeons & Dragons 1521: 1117:The first popular MUD 1012:Dungeons & Dragons 999:University of Virginia 900:Minneapolis, Minnesota 814:Multi-User Galaxy Game 793:led to the closure of 519: 446:The history of modern 433:purchase virtual items 374:Dungeons & Dragons 6378:Tactical role-playing 6143:Tactical role-playing 5037:on February 26, 2012. 5022:Raph Koster's Website 5016:(February 20, 2002). 4795:Hahn, Harley (1996). 4600:John Wiley & Sons 4594:Pantuso, Joe (1996). 4554:The MUD Connector at 4540:Yahoo! Wild Web Rides 4163:Damer, Bruce (1998). 3480:(November 30, 1988). 3329:"My memory says that 2996:"Incarnations of MUD" 2877:"The History of MUDs" 2794:on January 16, 2009. 2788:"The History of Zork" 2744:"Summary MUD History" 2614:(February 24, 2006). 2445:(September 4, 1997). 2225:Hahn, Harley (1996). 2043:style. According to 1992:Seraphina Brennan of 1816:Further information: 1712:Further information: 1675:Further information: 1631:Further information: 1591:Further information: 1526:non-player characters 1516: 1357:Felix "Dworkin" Croes 1297:Avalon: The First Age 1083:persistent game world 990:was later brought to 904:Interplay Productions 765:Neil Newell, an avid 642:), in tribute to the 532:, created in 1975 by 511: 334:non-player characters 6758:Vertically scrolling 5673:Non-player character 5575:Cooperative gameplay 5483:Mythic Entertainment 5427:A Rape in Cyberspace 5362:Player versus player 5337:Non-player character 5222:codebases, libraries 5031:"The LPMud Timeline" 4633:. Longman. pp. 4449:on February 26, 2012 3964:on February 26, 2012 3913:, p. 200, "The 3682:"Having fun playing 3541:(January 13, 1997). 3512:(January 20, 2002). 2685:Grinding to Valhalla 2453:Simon & Schuster 2391:Analytical Chemistry 2212:port called DUNGEN." 2178:Digital architecture 2062:As a noun, the word 2015:A Story About A Tree 1800:Diversity University 1665:player versus player 1633:Player versus player 1517:Gameplay scene from 1487:became available on 1190:build the game world 746:clone that included 689:(a British academic 654:(the predecessor of 566:were created on the 410:analytical chemistry 322:player versus player 288:multi-user dimension 152:Non-player character 6388:Turn-based strategy 6293:Submarine simulator 6099:Action role-playing 6006:Interactive fiction 5272:Alternate character 5181:Multi-user dungeons 4706:on October 29, 2007 4702:(1). Archived from 4224:Dark Age of Camelot 4073:"MicroMUSE Charter" 4006:] (in German). 2846:"Early MUD History" 1948:MorgenGrauen Mudlib 1944:LPUniversity Mudlib 1907:) a term coined by 1889:Dark Age of Camelot 1830:is a MUD that uses 1617:hack and slash MUDs 1615:, they are labeled 1587:Hack and slash MUDs 1553:syntax highlighting 1131:University of Essex 923:The Realm of Angmar 911:The Realm of Angmar 683:University of Essex 628:University of Essex 626:, a student at the 406:medical informatics 355:world populated by 326:interactive fiction 286:), also known as a 31:Part of a series on 6819:Multi-user dungeon 6789:Video game modding 6731:Nonlinear gameplay 6393:Turn-based tactics 6361:Real-time strategy 5102:Erwin S. Andreasen 4119:Castronova, Edward 4037:"The MUD Timeline" 3855:2013-04-20 at the 3748:(March 17, 2000). 3486:comp.sources.games 2875:Cuciz, D. (2004). 2742:Stewart, William. 2517:Castronova, Edward 2148:Chronology of MUDs 1961:MUDs that include 1861:appearances (e.g. 1522: 1125:, named after the 1055:personal computers 1036:, was launched on 1028:Dungeons of Kesmai 1007:Dungeons of Kesmai 808:At the same time, 797:, as described in 715:, a derivative of 673:, better known as 640:Multi-User Dungeon 520: 488:, Matt Firor, and 314:role-playing games 260:multi-user dungeon 142:History of MMORPGs 122:Character creation 6839:Video game genres 6806: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6794:Video game remake 6702:Emergent gameplay 6373:Real-time tactics 6332: 6331: 6271:Flight simulation 6001:Graphic adventure 5947: 5946: 5748:Video game genres 5714: 5713: 5527: 5526: 5488:Plaintext Players 5478:The Mud Connector 5141:: MUD statistics. 5121:The Mud Connector 4973:978-1-56604-222-2 4966:. Ventana Press. 4951:978-0-672-30723-2 4928:978-0-471-11633-2 4909:978-0-13-101816-7 4844:978-0-415-91684-4 4812:978-0-07-882138-7 4573:External link in 4549:978-0-7645-7003-2 4483:on March 12, 2016 4364:978-0-470-41155-1 4245:978-1-59273-000-1 4205:on May 24, 2007. 4180:978-0-201-68840-5 4138:978-0-226-09627-8 4017:978-3-640-22276-6 3786:on April 13, 2011 3780:"Sworn Statement" 3756:on April 13, 2011 3750:"Sworn Statement" 3667:978-1-59273-000-1 3633:Bartle, Richard. 3443:on April 23, 2010 3412:Bartle, Richard. 3389:Bartle, Richard. 3370:Bartle, Richard. 3322:978-1-59273-000-1 3223:978-1-4842-1724-5 3140:978-0-670-88630-2 3099:on April 30, 2009 2970:978-1-59273-000-1 2883:on March 24, 2008 2814:Rheingold, Howard 2797:the name he used. 2728:978-3-540-63293-1 2660:on March 10, 2007 2574:978-1-55958-748-8 2536:978-0-226-09627-8 2462:978-0-684-83348-4 2451:(pbk. ed.). 2404:10.1021/ac102303u 2242:978-0-07-882138-7 1832:computer graphics 1677:Role-playing game 1043:Legends of Kesmai 925:, adapting it to 913:, beginning as a 878:. Klietz ported 734:. These included 574:", "oubliette", " 441:The Mud Connector 390:chat environments 377:series of games. 292:multi-user domain 256: 255: 6846: 6784:Video game clone 6500: 6499: 6496:Related concepts 6303:Vehicular combat 6158: 6157: 6031:Digital tabletop 6011:Interactive film 5971:Grand Theft Auto 5962:Action-adventure 5955: 5912:Platform fighter 5791:Platform fighter 5774: 5773: 5741: 5734: 5727: 5718: 5717: 5668:Player character 5661:Persistent world 5554: 5547: 5540: 5531: 5530: 5517: 5516: 5507: 5506: 5352:Player character 5347:Persistent world 5174: 5167: 5160: 5151: 5150: 5085: 5072: 5055: 5050:. Archived from 5038: 5033:. Archived from 5025: 5009: 4996: 4977: 4955: 4932: 4913: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4835:Internet Culture 4827: 4821: 4820: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4772:. Archived from 4741: 4735: 4734: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4561: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460:develop LPMud.ad 4456: 4454: 4445:. Archived from 4443:"LPMud Timeline" 4438: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4411:, p. 239, " 4406: 4400: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4328:on July 28, 2011 4317: 4311: 4310: 4304: 4302: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4233: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4115: 4109: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4079:on June 15, 2011 4069: 4063: 4062: 4045: 4043: 4032: 4026: 4025: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3969: 3960:. Archived from 3958:"LPMud Timeline" 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3925: 3919: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3865: 3859: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3809:. Archived from 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3655: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3603: 3601: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3570:(July 4, 1990). 3564: 3558: 3557: 3551: 3549: 3539:Skrenta, Richard 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3510:Skrenta, Richard 3506: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3492: 3478:Skrenta, Richard 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3448: 3439:. Archived from 3432: 3426: 3425: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3331:Island of Kesmai 3310: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3250: 3248: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3106: 3104: 3095:. Archived from 3084: 3078: 3077: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2958: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2790:. Archived from 2776: 2770: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2656:. Archived from 2645: 2636: 2635: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2561:Prima Publishing 2550: 2544: 2543: 2513: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2494:on June 19, 2010 2493: 2482: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2439: 2430: 2429: 2415: 2398:(6): 1916–1923. 2384: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2368: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2331: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2303: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2263: 2250: 2249: 2222: 2213: 2198: 1952:Nightmare Mudlib 1936:Discworld Mudlib 1909:Richard Garriott 1846:Chip Morningstar 1783:Educational MUDs 1682:Roleplaying MUDs 1671:Roleplaying MUDs 1662: 1462:Island of Kesmai 1274:Acorn Archimedes 1238:to refer to the 1102:Popular variants 1046:was launched on 1033:Island of Kesmai 826:(at the time no 803:The Cybergypsies 564:dungeon crawlers 398:computer science 338:natural language 285: 284: 281: 280: 277: 274: 248: 241: 234: 157:Player character 47: 28: 27: 16:Video game genre 6854: 6853: 6849: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6843: 6824:MUD terminology 6809: 6808: 6807: 6798: 6762: 6753:Twitch gameplay 6678: 6642: 6604: 6491: 6443:Survival horror 6416: 6366:Time management 6328: 6307: 6298:Train simulator 6257: 6222: 6194: 6147: 6085: 6055: 6025: 5982: 5956: 5943: 5883: 5879:Survival horror 5860: 5795: 5763: 5750: 5745: 5715: 5710: 5677: 5639:Virtual economy 5627: 5606: 5563: 5558: 5528: 5523: 5497: 5445: 5439: 5407: 5364:, Playerkilling 5264: 5258: 5221: 5220:Minor branches, 5215: 5184: 5178: 5117: 5098: 5093: 5088: 4993: 4974: 4952: 4942:SAMS Publishing 4929: 4910: 4894:Bartle, Richard 4888: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4828: 4824: 4813: 4793: 4789: 4779: 4777: 4776:on May 18, 2013 4742: 4738: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4688:Bartle, Richard 4685: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4667:The Independent 4659: 4655: 4645: 4625: 4621: 4610: 4602:. p. 115. 4592: 4588: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4563: 4562: 4550: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4503: 4496: 4486: 4484: 4471: 4470: 4466: 4452: 4450: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4407: 4403: 4383: 4379: 4365: 4349: 4345: 4331: 4329: 4318: 4314: 4300: 4298: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4217: 4213: 4195: 4191: 4181: 4161: 4157: 4139: 4116: 4112: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4041: 4039: 4033: 4029: 4018: 3996: 3992: 3984: 3980: 3967: 3965: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3926: 3922: 3909: 3905: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3869:Levine, John R. 3866: 3862: 3857:Wayback Machine 3847: 3843: 3826: 3822: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3773: 3769: 3759: 3757: 3739: 3735: 3721: 3717: 3668: 3646: 3642: 3631: 3627: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3599: 3597: 3591: 3587: 3565: 3561: 3547: 3545: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3507: 3503: 3490: 3488: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3446: 3444: 3435:Carroll, Eddy. 3433: 3429: 3410: 3406: 3387: 3383: 3368: 3364: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3323: 3301: 3297: 3284: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3246: 3244: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3208:Bartle, Richard 3205: 3201: 3182: 3178: 3155:Bartle, Richard 3152: 3148: 3141: 3120: 3116: 3102: 3100: 3085: 3081: 3062:Bartle, Richard 3059: 3055: 3036:Bartle, Richard 3033: 3029: 3014:Lawrie, Michael 3011: 3007: 2992:Bartle, Richard 2989: 2985: 2971: 2949: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2927:"Online gaming" 2923: 2919: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2842:Bartle, Richard 2839: 2835: 2807: 2803: 2777: 2773: 2762: 2758: 2748:Living Internet 2740: 2736: 2729: 2706: 2702: 2689: 2687: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2646: 2639: 2632: 2609: 2605: 2586: 2582: 2575: 2551: 2547: 2537: 2514: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2480: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2440: 2433: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2321: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2282: 2274:. p. 300. 2264: 2253: 2243: 2223: 2216: 2199: 2190: 2186: 2168:Virtual economy 2144: 2060: 2040:game mechanical 2004: 1980:The Independent 1976:The Independent 1971: 1928:Ain Soph Mudlib 1924: 1917: 1824: 1814: 1785: 1757:, a variety of 1749: 1743: 1723:online creation 1716: 1710: 1679: 1673: 1667:online gaming. 1660: 1635: 1629: 1595: 1589: 1565: 1557:keyboard macros 1511: 1456:Scepter of Goth 1451: 1445: 1391: 1385: 1345:virtual machine 1325: 1319: 1260: 1176:and written in 1170:Richard Skrenta 1163: 1115: 1109: 1104: 1092: 936:Swords of Chaos 919:Scepter of Goth 888:Scepter of Goth 848: 801:'s net-memoir, 748:online creation 668: 525: 506: 498:J. Todd Coleman 450:(MMORPGs) like 394:flexible nature 382:science fiction 271: 267: 252: 177:Threefold model 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6852: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6804: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6748:Side-scrolling 6745: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6728: 6723: 6716: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6686: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6669: 6656: 6650: 6648: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6593:Climate change 6590: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6551: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6512: 6506: 6504: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6452: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6435: 6430: 6424: 6422: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6410:Grand strategy 6402: 6401: 6400: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6369: 6368: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6342: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6267: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6238: 6232: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6204: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6166: 6164: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6128: 6126:Monster-taming 6123: 6118: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6104:Looter shooter 6095: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6071: 6065: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6035: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5966: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5916: 5915: 5914: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5900:Hack and slash 5891: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5870: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5805: 5803: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5786:Endless runner 5782: 5780: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5744: 5743: 5736: 5729: 5721: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5653: 5648: 5647: 5646: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5577: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5557: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5534: 5525: 5524: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5393:Video game bot 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5342:Online wedding 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5307:Hack and slash 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5268: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5225: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5189:Major branches 5186: 5185: 5177: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5105: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5091:External links 5089: 5087: 5086: 5073: 5056: 5039: 5026: 5010: 4997: 4991: 4985:. New Riders. 4978: 4972: 4956: 4950: 4933: 4927: 4914: 4908: 4902:. New Riders. 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4853: 4843: 4822: 4811: 4787: 4756:(5): 590–595. 4736: 4731:guardian.co.uk 4717: 4679: 4653: 4644:978-0205195756 4643: 4619: 4609:978-0471137870 4608: 4586: 4548: 4530: 4494: 4464: 4433: 4421: 4401: 4377: 4363: 4343: 4312: 4282: 4254: 4244: 4211: 4189: 4179: 4155: 4137: 4110: 4102:graphical MUDs 4090: 4064: 4027: 4016: 4010:. p. 10. 3990: 3978: 3948: 3946:, p. 481. 3936: 3920: 3903: 3891: 3881: 3860: 3841: 3820: 3797: 3767: 3733: 3715: 3710:LPMud Timeline 3707:George Reese's 3666: 3640: 3625: 3611: 3585: 3559: 3530: 3501: 3469: 3457: 3427: 3414:"Reviews – UK" 3404: 3391:"Reviews – UK" 3381: 3362: 3345: 3321: 3295: 3270: 3258: 3232: 3222: 3199: 3176: 3146: 3139: 3114: 3079: 3053: 3027: 3005: 2983: 2969: 2943: 2917: 2894: 2867: 2855: 2833: 2801: 2771: 2756: 2734: 2727: 2709:Montfort, Nick 2700: 2671: 2654:The guru of 3D 2637: 2631:978-0262201636 2630: 2603: 2580: 2573: 2545: 2535: 2505: 2468: 2461: 2443:Turkle, Sherry 2431: 2379: 2343: 2315: 2287: 2280: 2251: 2241: 2214: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2143: 2140: 2080:Compound words 2059: 2056: 2045:Richard Bartle 2032:styles of play 2003: 2000: 1970: 1967: 1916: 1913: 1868:Games such as 1855:user interface 1813: 1812:Graphical MUDs 1810: 1784: 1781: 1745:Main article: 1742: 1739: 1731:TinyMUD family 1709: 1706: 1672: 1669: 1628: 1625: 1621:adventure game 1605:player-killing 1593:Hack and slash 1588: 1585: 1573:game mechanics 1564: 1561: 1510: 1507: 1447:Main article: 1444: 1441: 1395:hack and slash 1387:Main article: 1384: 1381: 1321:Main article: 1318: 1315: 1301:Age of Thrones 1259: 1256: 1240:TinyMUD family 1162: 1159: 1111:Main article: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1091: 1088: 847: 844: 667: 664: 660:Richard Bartle 557:dungeon master 551:. Also called 545:adventure game 524: 521: 505: 502: 478:MUD developers 474:graphical MUDs 462:, and related 414:communications 402:geoinformatics 318:hack and slash 254: 253: 251: 250: 243: 236: 228: 225: 224: 223: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 189: 188: 182: 181: 180: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 111: 110: 106: 105: 104: 103: 98: 93: 92: 91: 81: 79:Monster-taming 76: 71: 70: 69: 56: 55: 49: 48: 40: 39: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6851: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6717: 6715: 6714: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6638:Single-player 6636: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6607: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6556: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6383:Tower defense 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6324:Immersive sim 6322: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6213:City-building 6211: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6116:Dungeon crawl 6114: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6081:Tile-matching 6079: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6070: 6069:Hidden object 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6058: 6052: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6039:Deck-building 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5928: 5926: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5908: 5905: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5874:Battle royale 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5742: 5737: 5735: 5730: 5728: 5723: 5722: 5719: 5707: 5704: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5656:Virtual world 5654: 5652: 5649: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5555: 5550: 5548: 5543: 5541: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5522: 5521: 5512: 5511: 5500: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446:organizations 5442: 5436: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5388:Virtual goods 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5322:Kill stealing 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5175: 5170: 5168: 5163: 5161: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5127:Top Mud Sites 5125: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5083: 5079: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 5002:"The MUDline" 4998: 4994: 4992:1-56205-463-5 4988: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4930: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4857: 4850: 4846: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4791: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4631: 4623: 4616: 4611: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4582: 4567: 4560: 4557: 4551: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4508: 4501: 4499: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4468: 4461: 4448: 4444: 4437: 4430: 4425: 4418: 4415:is short for 4414: 4410: 4405: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4374: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4347: 4340: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4309: 4297: 4293: 4286: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4258: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4193: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4167: 4159: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4114: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4038: 4031: 4024: 4019: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3987: 3982: 3975: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3945: 3940: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3907: 3900: 3895: 3888: 3884: 3882:0-7645-0135-6 3878: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3829:Dunin, Elonka 3824: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3801: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3776:McQuaid, Brad 3771: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3746:McQuaid, Brad 3743: 3742:Smedley, John 3737: 3730: 3726: 3725:"MUD History" 3719: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3653: 3644: 3636: 3629: 3621: 3615: 3608: 3596: 3595:"The MUDline" 3589: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3568:Aspnes, James 3563: 3556: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3519: 3515: 3514:"VMS Monster" 3511: 3505: 3498: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3466: 3461: 3454: 3447:September 25, 3442: 3438: 3431: 3424: 3419: 3418:www.mud.co.uk 3415: 3408: 3401: 3396: 3395:www.mud.co.uk 3392: 3385: 3378: 3373: 3366: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3308: 3299: 3292: 3281: 3274: 3267: 3262: 3255: 3243: 3236: 3229: 3225: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3171: 3170:Federation II 3164: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3142: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3111: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3057: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3024: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2980: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2956: 2947: 2932: 2928: 2921: 2914: 2909: 2905: 2898: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2864: 2859: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2837: 2830: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780:Anderson, Tim 2775: 2768: 2767: 2760: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2730: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2704: 2697: 2686: 2682: 2681:"Psychochild" 2675: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2644: 2642: 2633: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2607: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2584: 2576: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2549: 2542: 2538: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2512: 2510: 2490: 2486: 2479: 2472: 2464: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2444: 2438: 2436: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2392: 2383: 2367: 2366:10.1.1.1.8402 2362: 2358: 2354: 2347: 2328: 2327: 2319: 2300: 2299: 2291: 2283: 2281:0-415-94180-6 2277: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2221: 2219: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2188: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2173:Cyberformance 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2055: 2053: 2048: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2008: 2007:Sherry Turkle 1999: 1997: 1996: 1990: 1988: 1987:United States 1983: 1981: 1977: 1966: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1883:Ultima Online 1879: 1878: 1873: 1872: 1866: 1864: 1863:Ultima Online 1860: 1856: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1840:, written by 1839: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1828:graphical MUD 1823: 1819: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1780: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1634: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1611:conflict and 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534:attack dragon 1531: 1527: 1520: 1515: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1450: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1390: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1324: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1270:Adventure '89 1267: 1266: 1255: 1253: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1114: 1099: 1097: 1090:Later history 1087: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 989: 988: 987:Dragon's Gate 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 962: 961:Dragon's Gate 957: 953: 949: 945: 940: 938: 937: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 843: 841: 837: 833: 832:Federation II 829: 825: 824: 823:Federation II 819: 815: 811: 806: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 713: 708: 704: 701:The original 699: 697: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 597: 592: 588: 583: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 539: 535: 534:Will Crowther 531: 530: 518: 514: 513:Will Crowther 510: 504:Early history 501: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 470: 465: 464:virtual world 461: 460: 459:Ultima Online 455: 454: 449: 444: 442: 438: 434: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 378: 376: 375: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 302:virtual world 300: 297: 293: 289: 283: 265: 261: 249: 244: 242: 237: 235: 230: 229: 227: 226: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 192: 191: 190: 187: 184: 183: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 127:Dialogue tree 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 113: 112: 108: 107: 102: 99: 97: 94: 90: 87: 86: 85: 82: 80: 77: 75: 74:Dungeon crawl 72: 68: 65: 64: 63: 60: 59: 58: 57: 54: 51: 50: 46: 42: 41: 38: 35: 34: 30: 29: 26: 22: 6779:Toys-to-life 6719: 6712: 6664: 6609:Player modes 6573:Personalized 6558: 6547: 6515: 6421:Other genres 6351:Auto battler 6319:Falling-sand 6281:Lunar Lander 6091:Role-playing 6074: 6016:Visual novel 5978:Metroidvania 5970: 5924: 5856:Third-person 5829:Shoot 'em up 5814:First-person 5699:Browser game 5601: 5518: 5508: 5432: 5418: 5412:Publications 5332:Mob, Monster 5180: 5108:MudBytes.net 5082:The Guardian 5081: 5068: 5064: 5052:the original 5047: 5035:the original 5021: 5014:Koster, Raph 5005: 4982: 4963: 4960:Carton, Sean 4937: 4918: 4898: 4886:Bibliography 4874:November 27, 4872:. Retrieved 4866: 4856: 4848: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4797: 4790: 4778:. Retrieved 4774:the original 4753: 4749: 4739: 4730: 4720: 4708:. Retrieved 4704:the original 4699: 4695: 4682: 4670:. Retrieved 4666: 4656: 4648: 4629: 4622: 4613: 4595: 4589: 4576:|quote= 4553: 4539: 4533: 4521:. Retrieved 4510: 4485:. Retrieved 4481:the original 4476: 4467: 4458: 4451:. Retrieved 4447:the original 4436: 4424: 4416: 4412: 4404: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4353: 4346: 4337: 4330:. Retrieved 4326:the original 4315: 4306: 4299:. Retrieved 4295: 4285: 4275:September 9, 4273:. Retrieved 4267: 4257: 4249: 4229: 4223: 4214: 4206: 4203:the original 4192: 4184: 4165: 4158: 4148: 4144: 4143:established 4142: 4123: 4113: 4105: 4101: 4093: 4081:. Retrieved 4077:the original 4067: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4047: 4040:. Retrieved 4030: 4021: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3981: 3973: 3966:. Retrieved 3962:the original 3951: 3939: 3923: 3914: 3906: 3894: 3886: 3872: 3863: 3844: 3836: 3823: 3814: 3811:the original 3800: 3788:. 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London. 2359:: 96–100. 2184:References 2099:mudflation 1956:TMI Mudlib 1900:text-based 1656:in 1992. 1530:take apple 1071:CompuServe 1038:CompuServe 840:Federation 740:Ben Laurie 707:CompuServe 392:, and the 306:text-based 304:, usually 210:Roguelikes 172:Statistics 132:GNS theory 62:Action RPG 6522:Christian 6510:Advergame 6398:Artillery 6131:Roguelike 6109:Soulslike 5988:Adventure 5824:Light gun 5263:Concepts, 5139:MUD Stats 5115:Resources 5071:: 97–112. 4733:. London. 4710:April 30, 4566:cite book 4512:Massively 4453:April 18, 4357:. 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