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43:. Multivariate statistics concerns understanding the different aims and background of each of the different forms of multivariate analysis, and how they relate to each other. The practical application of multivariate statistics to a particular problem may involve several types of univariate and multivariate analyses in order to understand the relationships between variables and their relevance to the problem being studied.
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Multivariate analysis can be complicated by the desire to include physics-based analysis to calculate the effects of variables for a hierarchical "system-of-systems". Often, studies that wish to use multivariate analysis are stalled by the dimensionality of the problem. These concerns are often eased
103:) is based on the principles of multivariate statistics. Typically, MVA is used to address situations where multiple measurements are made on each experimental unit and the relations among these measurements and their structures are important. A modern, overlapping categorization of MVA includes:
176:
is similar to PCA but allows the user to extract a specified number of synthetic variables, fewer than the original set, leaving the remaining unexplained variation as error. The extracted variables are known as latent variables or factors; each one may be supposed to account for covariation in a
406:
MVA was formerly discussed solely in the context of statistical theories, due to the size and complexity of underlying datasets and its high computational consumption. With the dramatic growth of computational power, MVA now plays an increasingly important role in data analysis and has wide
186:
Redundancy analysis (RDA) is similar to canonical correlation analysis but allows the user to derive a specified number of synthetic variables from one set of (independent) variables that explain as much variance as possible in another (independent) set. It is a multivariate analogue of
203:(CCA) for summarising the joint variation in two sets of variables (like redundancy analysis); combination of correspondence analysis and multivariate regression analysis. The underlying model assumes chi-squared dissimilarities among records (cases).
917:; Anderson, T. W.; Arnold, S. F.; Eaton, M. L.; Giri, N. C.; Gnanadesikan, R.; Kendall, M. G.; Kshirsagar, A. M.; et al. (June 1986). "Review: Contemporary Textbooks on Multivariate Statistical Analysis: A Panoramic Appraisal and Critique".
170:(PCA) creates a new set of orthogonal variables that contain the same information as the original set. It rotates the axes of variation to give a new set of orthogonal axes, ordered so that they summarize decreasing proportions of the variation.
159:
Multivariate regression attempts to determine a formula that can describe how elements in a vector of variables respond simultaneously to changes in others. For linear relations, regression analyses here are based on forms of the
81:
usually considered to be special cases of multivariate statistics because the analysis is dealt with by considering the (univariate) conditional distribution of a single outcome variable given the other variables.
125:, highly accurate approximations of the physics-based code. Since surrogate models take the form of an equation, they can be evaluated very quickly. This becomes an enabler for large-scale MVA studies: while a
197:(CA), or reciprocal averaging, finds (like PCA) a set of synthetic variables that summarise the original set. The underlying model assumes chi-squared dissimilarities among records (cases).
281:
consists in replacing a correlation matrix by a diagram where the âremarkableâ correlations are represented by a solid line (positive correlation), or a dotted line (negative correlation).
1143:
Izenman, Alan J. (2008). Modern
Multivariate Statistical Techniques: Regression, Classification, and Manifold Learning. Springer Texts in Statistics. New York: Springer-Verlag.
164:. Some suggest that multivariate regression is distinct from multivariable regression, however, that is debated and not consistently true across scientific fields.
589:
275:
analysis (PRC) is a method based on RDA that allows the user to focus on treatment effects over time by correcting for changes in control treatments over time.
231:
assign objects into groups (called clusters) so that objects (cases) from the same cluster are more similar to each other than objects from different clusters.
209:
comprises various algorithms to determine a set of synthetic variables that best represent the pairwise distances between records. The original method is
919:
219:, or canonical variate analysis, attempts to establish whether a set of variables can be used to distinguish between two or more groups of cases.
129:
across the design space is difficult with physics-based codes, it becomes trivial when evaluating surrogate models, which often take the form of
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creates a decision tree that attempts to correctly classify members of the population based on a dichotomous dependent variable.
183:
finds linear relationships among two sets of variables; it is the generalised (i.e. canonical) version of bivariate correlation.
294:. Rather than discarding the whole data point, it is common to "fill in" values for the missing components, a process called "
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225:(LDA) computes a linear predictor from two sets of normally distributed data to allow for classification of new observations.
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It is very common that in an experimentally acquired set of data the values of some components of a given data point are
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used in multivariate analyses that play a similar role to the corresponding set of distributions that are used in
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Van Den
Wollenberg, Arnold L. (1977). "Redundancy analysis an alternative for canonical correlation analysis".
364:
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360:
278:
1085:
Malakooti, B. (2013). Operations and
Production Systems with Multiple Objectives. John Wiley & Sons.
470:
There are an enormous number of software packages and other tools for multivariate analysis, including:
3531:
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3189:
2937:
2696:
2602:
2582:
2490:
2201:
2019:
1502:
1374:
474:
439:
240:
152:
to cover cases where there is more than one dependent variable to be analyzed simultaneously; see also
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2004:
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involve more than one regression equation, with different dependent variables, estimated together.
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Unsophisticated analysts of bivariate
Gaussian problems may find useful a crude but accurate
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384:
262:
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60:
379:, educated a generation of theorists and applied statisticians; Anderson's book emphasizes
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1997:
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63:, particularly where several different quantities are of interest to the same analysis.
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2014:
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838:
Canoco reference manual and user's guide: software for ordination (version 5.0)
609:
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243:
extend regression and clustering methods to non-linear multivariate models.
141:
Many different models are used in MVA, each with its own type of analysis:
19:"Multivariate analysis" redirects here. For the usage in mathematics, see
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encompassing the simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one
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1234:
998:
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30:
16:
Simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable
565:
56:
how these can be used to represent the distributions of observed data;
2431:
2283:
1903:
1698:
1610:
1595:
1590:
1555:
1157:
Handbook of
Applied Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modeling
1014:
has details on the packages available for multivariate data analysis
932:
46:
In addition, multivariate statistics is concerned with multivariate
1947:
1565:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1076:
777:
538:
318:
is appropriate to a dataset. These multivariate distributions are:
69:
Certain types of problems involving multivariate data, for example
700:
International
Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
3452:
3153:
1193:
533:
479:
1199:
InsightsNow: Makers of
ReportsNow, ProfilesNow, and KnowledgeNow
253:, scatterplot matrices can be used to explore multivariate data.
3374:
2355:
2329:
2309:
1560:
1351:
548:
543:
1189:
Statnotes: Topics in
Multivariate Analysis, by G. David Garson
107:
Normal and general multivariate models and distribution theory
1203:
1198:
1069:
Regression
Analysis — Theory, Methods, and Applications
518:
504:
408:
1294:
780:
of accurately gauging probability by simply taking the sum
513:
489:
800:- 2) and taking the inverse anti-ln of half that product.
1095:
1045:
1155:
Tinsley, Howard E. A.; Brown, Steven D., eds. (2000).
913:
571:
301:
269:
variables on their own and each other's lagged values.
3529:
3116:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
1090:
377:
An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis
201:
Canonical (or "constrained") correspondence analysis
113:
Probability computations of multidimensional regions
2578:
836:ter Braak, Cajo J.F. & Ć milauer, Petr (2012).
809:
3553:
2664:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
1071:, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2011 (4th printing).
920:Journal of the American Statistical Association
698:, in Smelser, Neil J.; Baltes, Paul B. (eds.),
590:Important publications in multivariate analysis
285:
116:The exploration of data structures and patterns
1027:Johnson, Richard A.; Wichern, Dean W. (2007).
1026:
727:
1219:
662:Soft independent modelling of class analogies
359:is a multivariate distribution, generalising
265:involves simultaneous regressions of various
1154:
1074:
849:
693:
730:"Multivariate or multivariable regression?"
1264:
1226:
1212:
1096:KV Mardia; JT Kent & JM Bibby (1979).
440:Classification and discrimination analysis
110:The study and measurement of relationships
1877:
1029:Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis
980:
962:
753:
1131:Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
1124:Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings
879:An Introduction to Multivariate Analysis
852:Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
840:, p292. Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, NY.
792:at minimum, dividing this difference by
788:residuals' squares, subtracting the sum
694:Olkin, I.; Sampson, A. R. (2001-01-01),
85:
1119:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
353:Bayesian multivariate linear regression
3554:
3190:KaplanâMeier estimator (product limit)
1078:Interactive Graphics for Data Analysis
570:DataPandit (Free SaaS applications by
3263:
2830:
2577:
1876:
1646:
1263:
1207:
1098:Multivariate Analysis. Academic Press
600:Structured data analysis (statistics)
465:
3500:
3200:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
1194:Mike Palmer: The Ordination Web Page
963:Schervish, Mark J. (November 1987).
689:
687:
136:
3512:
2795:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
1647:
965:"A Review of Multivariate Analysis"
335:Multivariate Student-t distribution
302:Important probability distributions
154:Multivariate analysis of covariance
13:
2890:CochranâMantelâHaenszel statistics
1516:Pearson product-moment correlation
1165:10.1016/B978-0-12-691360-6.X5000-9
1112:(M.A. level "likelihood" approach)
1020:
702:, Pergamon, pp. 10240â10247,
357:Hotelling's T-squared distribution
14:
3573:
1182:
1031:(Sixth ed.). Prentice Hall.
696:"Multivariate Analysis: Overview"
684:
595:Multivariate testing in marketing
585:Estimation of covariance matrices
146:Multivariate analysis of variance
3539:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3474:
3473:
3264:
641:Partial least squares regression
562:is a multivariate analysis tool.
436:Multivariate regression analysis
325:Multivariate normal distribution
59:how they can be used as part of
3149:Least-squares spectral analysis
1138:Applied Multivariate Techniques
1005:
728:Hidalgo, B; Goodman, M (2013).
572:Let's Excel Analytics Solutions
556:includes multivariate analysis.
420:Multivariate hypothesis testing
414:
363:, that is used in multivariate
2130:Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
1233:
956:
907:
868:
843:
830:
803:
770:
721:
211:principal coordinates analysis
181:Canonical correlation analysis
1:
3443:Geographic information system
2659:Simultaneous equations models
796:, multiplying the result by (
678:
257:Simultaneous equations models
168:Principal components analysis
40:multivariate random variables
2626:Coefficient of determination
2237:Uniformly most powerful test
1140:. Wiley. (Informal, applied)
1049:; JT Kent; JM Bibby (1979).
651:Principal component analysis
605:Structural equation modeling
345:Inverse-Wishart distribution
286:Dealing with incomplete data
223:Linear discriminant analysis
177:group of observed variables.
7:
3195:Proportional hazards models
3139:Spectral density estimation
3121:Vector autoregression (VAR)
2555:Maximum posterior estimator
1787:Randomized controlled trial
578:
554:NCSS (statistical software)
279:Iconography of correlations
10:
3578:
2955:Multivariate distributions
1375:Average absolute deviation
854:. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
475:JMP (statistical software)
428:Latent structure discovery
370:
241:Artificial neural networks
89:
18:
3469:
3423:
3360:
3313:
3276:
3272:
3259:
3231:
3213:
3180:
3171:
3129:
3076:
3037:
2986:
2977:
2943:Structural equation model
2898:
2855:
2851:
2826:
2785:
2751:
2705:
2672:
2634:
2601:
2597:
2573:
2513:
2422:
2341:
2305:
2296:
2279:Score/Lagrange multiplier
2264:
2217:
2162:
2088:
2079:
1889:
1885:
1872:
1831:
1805:
1757:
1712:
1694:Sample size determination
1659:
1655:
1642:
1546:
1501:
1475:
1457:
1413:
1365:
1285:
1276:
1272:
1259:
1241:
631:Exploratory data analysis
450:Multidimensional analysis
375:Anderson's 1958 textbook,
308:probability distributions
273:Principal response curves
251:parallel coordinate plots
48:probability distributions
3438:Environmental statistics
2960:Elliptical distributions
2753:Generalized linear model
2682:Simple linear regression
2452:HodgesâLehmann estimator
1909:Probability distribution
1818:Stochastic approximation
1380:Coefficient of variation
1126:, 4th ed. Prentice-Hall.
1115:Feinstein, A. R. (1996)
1092:, Wiley, New York, 1958.
746:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300897
668:Statistical interference
455:Multidimensional scaling
424:Dimensionality reduction
361:Student's t-distribution
207:Multidimensional scaling
71:simple linear regression
3562:Multivariate statistics
3098:Cross-correlation (XCF)
2706:Non-standard predictors
2140:LehmannâScheffĂ© theorem
1813:Adaptive clinical trial
1133:. CRC Press. (Advanced)
1122:Hair, J. F. Jr. (1995)
1067:A. Sen, M. Srivastava,
195:Correspondence analysis
27:Multivariate statistics
3494:Mathematics portal
3315:Engineering statistics
3223:NelsonâAalen estimator
2800:Analysis of covariance
2687:Ordinary least squares
2611:Pearson product-moment
2015:Statistical functional
1926:Empirical distribution
1759:Controlled experiments
1488:Frequency distribution
1266:Descriptive statistics
1129:Schafer, J. L. (1997)
1117:Multivariable Analysis
387:and the properties of
385:likelihood ratio tests
235:Recursive partitioning
127:Monte Carlo simulation
21:Multivariable calculus
3410:Population statistics
3352:System identification
3086:Autocorrelation (ACF)
3014:Exponential smoothing
2928:Discriminant analysis
2923:Canonical correlation
2787:Partition of variance
2649:Regression validation
2493:(JonckheereâTerpstra)
2392:Likelihood-ratio test
2081:Frequentist inference
1993:Locationâscale family
1914:Sampling distribution
1879:Statistical inference
1846:Cross-sectional study
1833:Observational studies
1792:Randomized experiment
1621:Stem-and-leaf display
1423:Central limit theorem
1075:Cook, Swayne (2007).
1051:Multivariate Analysis
982:10.1214/ss/1177013111
850:J.L. Schafer (1997).
620:Design of experiments
263:Vector autoregression
217:Discriminant analysis
213:(PCoA; based on PCA).
148:(MANOVA) extends the
97:Multivariate analysis
86:Multivariate analysis
61:statistical inference
3333:Probabilistic design
2918:Principal components
2761:Exponential families
2713:Nonlinear regression
2692:General linear model
2654:Mixed effects models
2644:Errors and residuals
2621:Confounding variable
2523:Bayesian probability
2501:Van der Waerden test
2491:Ordered alternative
2256:Multiple comparisons
2135:RaoâBlackwellization
2098:Estimating equations
2054:Statistical distance
1772:Factorial experiment
1305:Arithmetic-Geometric
626:Dimensional analysis
330:Wishart distribution
247:Statistical graphics
162:general linear model
150:analysis of variance
29:is a subdivision of
3405:Official statistics
3328:Methods engineering
3009:Seasonal adjustment
2777:Poisson regressions
2697:Bayesian regression
2636:Regression analysis
2616:Partial correlation
2588:Regression analysis
2187:Prediction interval
2182:Likelihood interval
2172:Confidence interval
2164:Interval estimation
2125:Unbiased estimators
1943:Model specification
1823:Up-and-down designs
1511:Partial correlation
1467:Index of dispersion
1385:Interquartile range
969:Statistical Science
673:Univariate analysis
657:Regression analysis
646:Pattern recognition
316:normal distribution
312:univariate analysis
121:through the use of
92:Univariate analysis
75:multiple regression
50:, in terms of both
3425:Spatial statistics
3305:Medical statistics
3205:First hitting time
3159:Whittle likelihood
2810:Degrees of freedom
2805:Multivariate ANOVA
2738:Heteroscedasticity
2550:Bayesian estimator
2515:Bayesian inference
2364:KolmogorovâSmirnov
2249:Randomization test
2219:Testing hypotheses
2192:Tolerance interval
2103:Maximum likelihood
1998:Exponential family
1931:Density estimation
1891:Statistical theory
1851:Natural experiment
1797:Scientific control
1714:Survey methodology
1400:Standard deviation
1159:. Academic Press.
1136:Sharma, S. (1996)
1053:. Academic Press.
881:, New York: Wiley
824:10.1007/BF02294050
734:Am J Public Health
615:Bivariate analysis
560:The UnscramblerÂź X
466:Software and tools
445:Variable selection
381:hypothesis testing
365:hypothesis testing
349:Bayesian inference
306:There is a set of
229:Clustering systems
3527:
3526:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3400:National accounts
3370:Actuarial science
3362:Social statistics
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3182:Survival function
3167:
3166:
3029:Granger causality
2870:Contingency table
2845:Survival analysis
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2674:Linear regression
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2540:Credible interval
2509:
2508:
2292:
2291:
2108:Method of moments
1977:Parametric family
1938:Statistical model
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1782:Random assignment
1704:Statistical power
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1483:Contingency table
1453:
1452:
1320:Generalized/power
1174:978-0-12-691360-6
1038:978-0-13-187715-3
915:Sen, Pranab Kumar
861:978-1-4398-2186-2
351:, for example in
137:Types of analysis
3569:
3544:
3543:
3535:
3515:
3514:
3503:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3477:
3476:
3380:Crime statistics
3274:
3273:
3261:
3260:
3178:
3177:
3144:Fourier analysis
3131:Frequency domain
3111:
3058:
3024:Structural break
2984:
2983:
2933:Cluster analysis
2880:Log-linear model
2853:
2852:
2828:
2827:
2769:
2743:Homoscedasticity
2599:
2598:
2575:
2574:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2477:(KruskalâWallis)
2462:
2447:
2402:Cross validation
2387:
2369:AndersonâDarling
2316:
2303:
2302:
2274:Likelihood-ratio
2266:Parametric tests
2244:Permutation test
2227:1- & 2-tails
2118:Minimum distance
2090:Point estimation
2086:
2085:
2037:Optimal decision
1988:
1887:
1886:
1874:
1873:
1856:Quasi-experiment
1806:Adaptive designs
1657:
1656:
1644:
1643:
1521:Rank correlation
1283:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1261:
1260:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1178:
1111:
1088:T. W. Anderson,
1082:
1064:
1042:
1015:
1009:
1003:
1002:
984:
960:
954:
952:
927:(394): 560â564.
911:
905:
872:
866:
865:
847:
841:
834:
828:
827:
807:
801:
774:
768:
767:
757:
725:
719:
718:
717:
716:
691:
355:. Additionally,
347:is important in
131:response-surface
123:surrogate models
35:outcome variable
3577:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3538:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3486:
3457:
3419:
3356:
3342:quality control
3309:
3291:Clinical trials
3268:
3243:
3227:
3215:Hazard function
3209:
3163:
3125:
3109:
3072:
3068:BreuschâGodfrey
3056:
3033:
2973:
2948:Factor analysis
2894:
2875:Graphical model
2847:
2814:
2781:
2767:
2747:
2701:
2668:
2630:
2593:
2592:
2561:
2505:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2460:
2445:
2424:Rank statistics
2418:
2397:Model selection
2385:
2343:Goodness of fit
2337:
2314:
2288:
2260:
2213:
2158:
2147:Median unbiased
2075:
1986:
1919:Order statistic
1881:
1860:
1827:
1801:
1753:
1708:
1651:
1649:Data collection
1630:
1542:
1497:
1471:
1449:
1409:
1361:
1278:Continuous data
1268:
1255:
1237:
1232:
1185:
1175:
1108:
1061:
1039:
1023:
1021:Further reading
1018:
1010:
1006:
961:
957:
953:(Pages 560â561)
933:10.2307/2289251
912:
908:
873:
869:
862:
848:
844:
835:
831:
808:
804:
775:
771:
726:
722:
714:
712:
710:
692:
685:
681:
581:
529:The Unscrambler
468:
417:
407:application in
389:power functions
373:
304:
288:
249:such as tours,
174:Factor analysis
139:
94:
88:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3549:
3548:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3509:
3497:
3483:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3288:
3286:Bioinformatics
3282:
3280:
3270:
3269:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3091:partial (PACF)
3082:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3038:Specific tests
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2938:Classification
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2885:McNemar's test
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2849:
2848:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2723:Semiparametric
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2464:
2461:(MannâWhitney)
2456:
2455:
2454:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2394:
2389:
2386:(ShapiroâWilk)
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2318:
2306:
2300:
2298:Specific tests
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1749:Standard error
1746:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:Optimal design
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1476:Summary tables
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1310:Contraharmonic
1307:
1302:
1291:
1289:
1280:
1270:
1269:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1183:External links
1181:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1152:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1107:978-0124712522
1106:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1043:
1037:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1004:
975:(4): 396â413.
955:
906:
867:
860:
842:
829:
818:(2): 207â219.
802:
769:
720:
708:
682:
680:
677:
676:
675:
670:
665:
659:
654:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
617:
612:
610:RV coefficient
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
580:
577:
576:
575:
568:
563:
557:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
502:
500:SAS (software)
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
467:
464:
463:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
434:
429:
426:
421:
416:
413:
372:
369:
341:
340:
339:
338:
332:
327:
303:
300:
287:
284:
283:
282:
276:
270:
260:
254:
244:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
204:
198:
192:
184:
178:
171:
165:
157:
138:
135:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
87:
84:
67:
66:
65:
64:
57:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3574:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3520:
3519:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3448:Geostatistics
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3415:Psychometrics
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3278:Biostatistics
3275:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3240:
3239:Log-rank test
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3110:(BoxâJenkins)
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:DurbinâWatson
3061:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:DickeyâFuller
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:Cointegration
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Decomposition
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Cohen's kappa
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:Nonparametric
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:Nonparametric
2465:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2437:Sample median
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2042:loss function
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Questionnaire
1742:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
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3478:
3390:Econometrics
3340: /
3323:Chemometrics
3300:Epidemiology
3293: /
3266:Applications
3108:ARIMA model
3055:Q-statistic
3004:Stationarity
2900:Multivariate
2899:
2843: /
2839: /
2837:Multivariate
2836:
2835: /
2775: /
2771: /
2545:Bayes factor
2444:Signed rank
2356:
2330:
2322:
2310:
2005:Completeness
1841:Cohort study
1739:Opinion poll
1674:Missing data
1661:Study design
1616:Scatter plot
1538:Scatter plot
1531:Spearman's Ï
1493:Grouped data
1156:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1097:
1089:
1077:
1068:
1050:
1028:
1007:
972:
968:
958:
924:
918:
909:
897:; 3e (2003)
889:; 2e (1984)
878:
870:
851:
845:
837:
832:
815:
811:
805:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
772:
740:(1): 39â40.
737:
733:
723:
713:, retrieved
699:
469:
415:Applications
405:
401:monotonicity
397:unbiasedness
376:
374:
342:
305:
289:
140:
119:
100:
96:
95:
78:
68:
45:
38:
26:
25:
3546:Mathematics
3518:WikiProject
3433:Cartography
3395:Jurimetrics
3347:Reliability
3078:Time domain
3057:(LjungâBox)
2979:Time-series
2857:Categorical
2841:Time-series
2833:Categorical
2768:(Bernoulli)
2603:Correlation
2583:Correlation
2379:JarqueâBera
2351:Chi-squared
2113:M-estimator
2066:Asymptotics
2010:Sufficiency
1777:Interaction
1689:Replication
1669:Effect size
1626:Violin plot
1606:Radar chart
1586:Forest plot
1576:Correlogram
1526:Kendall's Ï
460:Data mining
267:time series
133:equations.
3385:Demography
3103:ARMA model
2908:Regression
2485:(Friedman)
2446:(Wilcoxon)
2384:Normality
2374:Lilliefors
2321:Student's
2197:Resampling
2071:Robustness
2059:divergence
2049:Efficiency
1987:(monotone)
1982:Likelihood
1899:Population
1732:Stratified
1684:Population
1503:Dependence
1459:Count data
1390:Percentile
1367:Dispersion
1300:Arithmetic
1235:Statistics
903:0471360910
895:0471889873
887:0471026409
715:2019-09-02
679:References
524:STATISTICA
432:Clustering
296:imputation
189:regression
156:(MANCOVA).
90:See also:
31:statistics
2766:Logistic
2533:posterior
2459:Rank sum
2207:Jackknife
2202:Bootstrap
2020:Bootstrap
1955:Parameter
1904:Statistic
1699:Statistic
1611:Run chart
1596:Pie chart
1591:Histogram
1581:Fan chart
1556:Bar chart
1438:L-moments
1325:Geometric
1047:KV Mardia
991:0883-4237
941:0162-1459
314:when the
3556:Category
3480:Category
3173:Survival
3050:Johansen
2773:Binomial
2728:Isotonic
2315:(normal)
1960:location
1767:Blocking
1722:Sampling
1601:QâQ plot
1566:Box plot
1548:Graphics
1443:Skewness
1433:Kurtosis
1405:Variance
1335:Heronian
1330:Harmonic
764:23153131
579:See also
539:SmartPLS
411:fields.
37:, i.e.,
3506:Commons
3453:Kriging
3338:Process
3295:studies
3154:Wavelet
2987:General
2154:Plug-in
1948:L space
1727:Cluster
1428:Moments
1246:Outline
999:2245530
949:2289251
877:(1958)
784:of the
755:3518362
664:(SIMCA)
534:WarpPLS
480:MiniTab
371:History
292:missing
3532:Portal
3375:Census
2965:Normal
2913:Manova
2733:Robust
2483:2-way
2475:1-way
2313:-test
1984:
1561:Biplot
1352:Median
1345:Lehmer
1287:Center
1171:
1147:
1104:
1057:
1035:
997:
989:
947:
939:
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893:
885:
858:
778:method
762:
752:
706:
549:Eviews
544:MATLAB
509:Python
77:, are
2999:Trend
2528:prior
2470:anova
2359:-test
2333:-test
2325:-test
2232:Power
2177:Pivot
1970:shape
1965:scale
1415:Shape
1395:Range
1340:Heinz
1315:Cubic
1251:Index
995:JSTOR
945:JSTOR
653:(PCA)
622:(DoE)
566:SIMCA
519:Stata
505:SciPy
409:Omics
3232:Test
2432:Sign
2284:Wald
1357:Mode
1295:Mean
1169:ISBN
1145:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1033:ISBN
1012:CRAN
987:ISSN
937:ISSN
899:ISBN
891:ISBN
883:ISBN
856:ISBN
760:PMID
704:ISBN
514:SPSS
507:for
490:PSPP
485:Calc
399:and
383:via
343:The
73:and
2412:BIC
2407:AIC
1161:doi
977:doi
929:doi
820:doi
750:PMC
742:doi
738:103
636:OLS
298:".
101:MVA
79:not
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794:Sm
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495:R
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