923:"By considering the case of language shift we modelled the scenario considering Gond originally as an Austroasiatic population, which has recently changed its language to Dravidian. In this case, we should expect a largely similar amount of chunks donated by an outlier distant Austroasiatic population (Bonda) to Gonds and their present Austroasiatic (both North and South Munda) neighbours. However, this was not the case in our analysis, and we observed significantly higher Bonda chunks among North and South Munda neighbours than any Gond group."
37:
239:
251:
210:(~6%), which is absent from other Indian groups. They found that the modern Munda-speaking people have about 29% East/Southeast Asian , 15.5% West Asian and 55.5% South Asian ancestry on average. The authors concluded that there was a mostly male-dominated migration into India from Southeast Asia. Modern people in
197:
According to Zhang et al., Austroasiatic migrations from
Southeast Asia into India took place after the last Glacial maximum, circa 10,000 years ago. Arunkumar et al. suggest Austroasiatic migrations from Southeast Asia occurred into Northeast India 5.2 ± 0.6 kya and into East India 4.3 ± 0.2 kya.
201:
Tätte et al. 2019 estimated that the
Austroasiatic language speaking people admixed with Indian population about 2000-3800 year ago which may suggest arrival of south-east Asian genetic component in the area. Munda-speaking people have high amount of East Asian paternal lineages
534:
The term 'Munda' is of
Sanskritic origin and therefore not original in any sense to Austroasiatic speakers, although it has come to be used by one tribe as an alternative to their own term 'Horo' (Le. Roy's group; cf. Pfeffer above, p. 154; also Parkin 1990: 17,
864:
Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Tamang, Rakesh; Pennarun, Erwan; Dubey, Pavan; Rai, Niraj; Upadhyay, Rakesh Kumar; Meena, Rajendra Prasad; Patel, Jayanti R; van Driem, George; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Metspalu, Mait (12 October 2017).
783:
Tätte, Kai; Pagani, Luca; Pathak, Ajai K.; Kõks, Sulev; Ho Duy, Binh; Ho, Xuan Dung; Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar; Sharif, Mohd Istiaq; Asaduzzaman, Md; Behar, Doron M.; Hadid, Yarin (2019-03-07).
194:, followed by extensive sex-specific admixture with local Indian populations." According to Riccio et al., the Munda people are likely descended from Austroasiatic migrants from Southeast Asia.
139:
in
Northwest India. The Munda people spread from Southeast Asia and mixed extensively with local Indian populations. Robert Parkin notes that the term "Munda" did not belong to the
222:
were found to represent the ancestral group, which migrated into India, and spread the
Austroasiatic languages. Munda peoples are genetically closely related to
178:). The authors of another study have suggested that haplogroup O1b1 is the major Austroasiatic paternal lineage and O1b2 the “para-Austroasiatic” lineage of the
693:"Y-chromosome diversity suggests southern origin and Paleolithic backwave migration of Austro-Asiatic speakers from eastern Asia to the Indian subcontinent"
203:
155:
842:
371:
Some ethnic groups do not natively speak any of the Munda languages, but genetic evidence suggest gene flow of some Munda genetic lineages.
478:
634:
Riccio, M. E.; et al. (2011). "The
Austroasiatic Munda population from India and Its enigmatic origin: a HLA diversity study".
512:
941:
19:
This article is about the Ethno-linguistic groups of people found in South Asia. For the
Mundari speaking ethnic group, see
585:"Population Genetic Structure in Indian Austroasiatic Speakers: The Role of Landscape Barriers and Sex-Specific Admixture"
557:
967:
957:
567:
488:
962:
414:
417:. Presentation at the Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 22 May 2018.
867:"Erratum: Reconstructing the population history of the largest tribe of India: the Dravidian speaking Gond"
190:
According to
Chaubey et al., "Austro-Asiatic speakers in India today are derived from dispersal from
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89:
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140:
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8:
207:
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785:"The genetic legacy of continental scale admixture in Indian Austroasiatic speakers"
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663:
918:
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814:
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744:"A late Neolithic expansion of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a1-M95 from east to west"
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RWAAI (Repository and
Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
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Chaubey, G.; Metspalu, M.; Choi, Y.; et al. (February 2011).
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Robbeets, Martine; Savelyev, Alexander (21 December 2017).
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863:
942:
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-66EE-3@view
582:
782:
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166:, and haplogroup O1b2, which is common among today's
16:
Ethno-linguistic groups of people found in South Asia
843:"Scientists solve genetic puzzle surrounding Mundas"
174:, may have been bearers of a Yangtze civilization (
436:Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society
691:Zhang, X.; Liao, S.; Qi, X.; et al. (2015).
949:
555:
41:Distribution of Munda language speakers in India
427:Rau, Felix; Sidwell, Paul (12 September 2019).
415:Austroasiatic Studies: state of the art in 2018
690:
476:
298:(Only some Gadabas speak the Bonda-related
96:, and spoken by about nine million people.
546:崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版 2009年）
426:
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944:Munda languages in RWAAI Digital Archive
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562:. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
748:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
146:
88:speaking ethno-linguistic groups of
80:of eastern and central parts of the
47:Regions with significant populations
742:Arunkumar, G.; et al. (2015).
13:
871:European Journal of Human Genetics
845:. down-to-earth.org. 12 March 2019
367:Possible kins of the Munda peoples
14:
979:
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559:Language Dispersal Beyond Farming
143:lexis and is of Sanskrit origin.
263:
249:
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162:and some other ethnic groups in
135:, at the time of decline of the
857:
835:
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589:Molecular Biology and Evolution
429:"The Munda Maritime Hypothesis"
92:family, formerly also known as
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627:
576:
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540:
504:
477:Schliesinger, Joachim (2016).
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420:
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160:Austroasiatic-speaking peoples
1:
936:http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai
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121:
7:
120:about 4000-3500 years ago (
10:
984:
968:Social groups of Jharkhand
802:10.1038/s41598-019-40399-8
483:. Booksmango. p. 71.
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18:
958:Scheduled Tribes of India
513:"Second Reply to Pfeffer"
137:Indus Valley Civilization
67:
62:
51:
46:
34:
158:, which is common among
112:arrived on the coast of
963:Social groups of Odisha
679:Austroasiatic Languages
511:Parkin, Robert (1993).
90:Austro-asiatic language
131:BCE), during the late
104:According to linguist
676:The Language Gulper,
602:10.1093/molbev/msq288
413:Sidwell, Paul. 2018.
884:10.1038/ejhg.2017.46
648:10.3378/027.083.0306
521:University of Oxford
304:a Dravidian language
302:. Some others speak
186:Migration into India
290:Didayi (Dire, Gta’)
154:has suggested that
110:pre-Munda languages
84:are any of several
82:Indian subcontinent
31:
789:Scientific Reports
697:Scientific Reports
29:
761:10.1111/jse.12147
710:10.1038/srep15486
147:Austroasiatic DNA
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69:Munda languages
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296:Gadaba people
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280:Birhor people
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275:Bhumij people
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264:Ethnic groups
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231:
230:of Malaysia.
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228:Temuan people
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30:Munda peoples
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877:(11): 1291.
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847:. Retrieved
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528:December 18,
526:. Retrieved
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494:. Retrieved
479:
472:
442:(2): 35–57.
439:
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422:
409:
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351:Sabar people
346:Munda people
341:Korwa people
336:Korku people
321:Juang people
285:Bonda people
200:
196:
189:
180:Yayoi people
150:
106:Paul Sidwell
103:
77:
75:
26:Ethnic group
21:Munda people
795:(1): 3818.
448:10524/52454
361:Sora people
270:Asur people
206:(~75%) and
129: 1500
125: 2000
952:Categories
402:References
244:Munda lady
133:Bronze Age
127: – c.
57:Bangladesh
893:1018-4813
849:13 August
811:2045-2322
703:: 15486.
496:3 October
464:204901974
456:1836-6821
316:Ho people
256:Munda man
63:Languages
911:29023439
829:30846778
770:83103649
729:26482917
664:39428816
656:21740156
621:20978040
224:Mah Meri
220:Malaysia
216:Cambodia
168:Japanese
94:Kolarian
919:7755962
902:5643977
820:6405872
720:4611482
612:3355372
396:Saharia
172:Koreans
100:History
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609:
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487:
462:
454:
391:Nihali
376:Khonds
292:people
176:Baiyue
114:Odisha
915:S2CID
766:S2CID
660:S2CID
516:(PDF)
460:S2CID
432:(PDF)
386:Baiga
381:Gonds
310:Gorum
116:from
86:Munda
53:India
907:PMID
889:ISSN
851:2022
825:PMID
807:ISSN
725:PMID
652:PMID
617:PMID
564:ISBN
535:23).
530:2020
498:2019
485:ISBN
452:ISSN
226:and
218:and
212:Laos
208:D1a1
204:O1b1
170:and
76:The
897:PMC
879:doi
815:PMC
797:doi
756:doi
715:PMC
705:doi
644:doi
607:PMC
597:doi
444:hdl
954::
913:.
905:.
895:.
887:.
875:25
873:.
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813:.
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791:.
787:.
764:.
752:53
750:.
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615:.
605:.
593:28
591:.
587:.
532:.
518:.
458:.
450:.
440:12
438:.
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306:.)
214:,
182:.
122:c.
108:,
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23:.
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