180:(建始). He also handed out imperial offices and appointed the Duke of Xiping, Kezuhun Tan (可足渾潭), as Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Prefect of the Masters of Writing. Earlier, in 391, Tuoba Gui had sent his brother, Tuoba Gu (拓拔觚), as a hostage to Yan. Tuoba Gu remained in Zhongshan when Murong Bao left, but after Murong Xiang became emperor, Murong Xiang executed him to raise morale in the city.
110:), Liu Kangni (劉亢泥). This prompted Murong Xiang to abandon his post and flee for the Yan capital in Zhongshan. In 397, Northern Wei placed Zhongshan with the Emperor of Yan, Murong Bao, under siege. Just as concerning, Murong Bao's brother, Murong Lin, had rebelled and his whereabouts were unknown. Murong Bao was afraid that Murong Lin was making his way to the pivotal city of Longcheng (龍城, in modern
163:
Previously, Murong Bao had sent a general named
Kunuguan Ji (庫傉官驥) to reinforce Murong Xiang. Kunuguan Ji arrived after Murong Xiang's defeat to Tuoba Gui, but instead of helping each other, fighting ensued between Kunuguan Ji and Murong Xiang. Murong Xiang killed Kunuguan Ji and massacred his clan.
191:
Shortly after Murong Lin's declaration, however, Northern Wei attacked
Zhongshan again. In November 397, Zhongshan finally fell to Wei. Murong Xiang had been given a burial after his death. Tuoba Gui, who was reportedly devastated by Tuoba Gu's death, had Murong Xiang dug up and beheaded again.
187:
Desperate for a new leader, the people of
Zhongshan looked to Murong Lin, who was in hiding since his last encounter with Murong Xiang. In the autumn of 397, Murong Xiang sent his general, Zhang Xiang (張驤) to collect taxes in Changshan commandery. While Zhang Xiang was there, Murong Lin and his
183:
Murong Xiang's reign would only last two months. During his brief reign, Murong Xiang proved to be a cruel and neglectful ruler. Records described him as having an addiction to wine and overly engaging himself in pleasurable activities. Throughout his rule, he indiscriminately executed over 500
121:
Members of the Murong clan in
Zhongshan left the city, all except for Murong Xiang, who had either not completed his preparations to leave by the time they left or had failed to catch up with them. Left with only themselves to fend off the oncoming Wei onslaught, the people of Zhongshan quickly
188:
remaining troops blended into Zhang Xiang's men and followed them back to
Zhongshan. Murong Lin and his followers secretly entered Zhongshan when the gates were open, and once inside, they captured Murong Xiang and beheaded him. Murong Lin subsequently declared himself Emperor of Yan.
184:
people in
Zhongshan, including Kezuhun Tan. There was also a famine that struck Zhongshan, and when his people asked him for permission to forage for food outside the city, Murong Xiang denied them. As a result, many perished in the famine.
133:. However, once Murong Lin was at Wangdu, Murong Xiang sent an army to attack him. Murong Xiang's army captured Murong Lin's wife and children, but Murong Lin himself escaped to the hills. In May 397, Murong Bao defeated his rebellious son,
90:. He also had an elder brother named, Murong Qing (慕容青), who was the Prince of Nan'an during Later Yan. Under the Later Yan, Murong Xiang received the peerage of Duke of Kaifeng, and by 396, he was serving as Administrator of
160:, to feign a retreat. As Murong Xiang pursued Zhangsun Fei, Tuoba Gui attacked his rear and routed him. 5,000 of Murong Xiang's men died, while Tuoba Gui captured 700 others, although he soon pardoned and released them.
122:
elected Murong Xiang as their leader. Zhongshan was reluctant to surrender to Wei, as they feared Wei would execute them en masse just like they did to the Yan soldiers after the
1449:
1117:
66:
to the Yan throne. Depicted as a cruel and paranoid ruler, Murong Xiang's reign only lasted two months before he was assassinated and replaced by his cousin,
1122:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
388:
1413:
62:
siege. Murong Xiang held out long enough for Wei to retreat due to supply issues, and soon after he declared himself
Emperor of Yan, acting as a
102:
In 396, amidst the war between Later Yan and
Northern Wei, Wei troops attacked and killed Yan's Administrator of Guangning (廣寧郡; in present-day
1132:
1127:
157:
1137:
1445:
1107:
145:
156:). Murong Xiang used this opportunity to launch an attack with 6,000 infantry on the Wei camps. Tuoba Gui instructed his general,
381:
126:
two years prior. Under Murong Xiang, the people of
Zhongshan put up a strong defence and prevented Wei from breaching the city.
1429:
1401:
1397:
1389:
374:
172:
In late June 397, Tuoba Gui, unable to fix his supply issue, lifted the siege of
Zhongshan to replenish his grains in
129:
Later, Murong Bao's party, by chance, discovered Murong Lin along the way to Longcheng, causing Murong Lin to flee to
873:
1393:
1385:
969:
176:. Having repelled the Wei army, Murong Xiang declared himself Emperor of Yan and changed the reign era title of
837:
23:
1425:
141:
1478:
1473:
140:
As the siege of Zhongshan continued, the Wei army's food supply was running low. The Prince of Wei,
1377:
537:
1369:
58:), the people of Zhongshan elected Murong Xiang as their leader to defend themselves during the
1441:
1437:
1433:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1373:
1147:
998:
988:
983:
134:
1405:
1381:
1365:
686:
681:
676:
627:
123:
164:
Murong Xiang also did the same to the Intendant of Zhongshan, Fu Mo (苻謨), and his family.
8:
1468:
1112:
487:
475:
118:). Therefore, Murong Bao abandoned Zhongshan and brought his army to secure Longcheng.
1166:
547:
423:
91:
1036:
764:
606:
510:
481:
449:
398:
366:
153:
43:
1207:
439:
902:
567:
552:
359:
1462:
557:
322:
130:
1171:
1293:
1273:
1199:
1186:
1027:
1012:
945:
916:
754:
647:
572:
521:
79:
59:
1298:
1268:
1259:
1161:
1065:
1017:
1007:
959:
934:
921:
887:
822:
817:
812:
803:
727:
343:
327:
103:
87:
846:
1288:
1191:
1181:
1176:
1156:
1070:
927:
892:
743:
732:
667:
657:
652:
638:
582:
354:
149:
83:
67:
47:
863:
858:
852:
1354:
1338:
1322:
1317:
1283:
1046:
954:
882:
827:
783:
774:
759:
718:
702:
562:
542:
531:
406:
78:
Historical records only identify Murong Xiang as a great-grandson of
63:
39:
1308:
1278:
1249:
793:
788:
708:
616:
596:
498:
466:
429:
338:
152:
and move to Julu to gather grains at Yangcheng (楊城; in present-day
137:. Murong Hui fled to Zhongshan, but Murong Xiang had him executed.
115:
1232:
1226:
1217:
1056:
1041:
911:
748:
696:
621:
611:
504:
492:
455:
444:
111:
51:
31:
978:
601:
591:
434:
173:
50:(Emperor Huimin) from the capital of Zhongshan (中山, in modern
691:
416:
107:
55:
246:(普隣出步卒六千餘人，伺間犯諸屯兵，詔將軍長孫肥等輕騎挑之，帝以虎隊五千橫截其後，斬首五千，生虜七百人，宥而遣之。)
396:
1460:
298:(詳遣輔國將軍張驤帥五千餘人督租於常山，麟自丁零入驤軍，潛襲中山，城門不閉，執詳，斬之。)
382:
97:
46:period. In 397, following the withdrawal of
259:(燕庫傉官驥入中山，與開封公詳相攻。詳殺驥，盡滅庫傉官氏；又殺中山尹苻謨，夷其族。)
389:
375:
311:(及平中山，發普驎柩，斬其尸，收議害觚者高霸、程同等，皆夷五族，以大刃剉殺之。)
38:(普隣), was a duke of China's Xianbei-led
86:and the father of Later Yan's founder,
1461:
370:
233:(燕開封公詳從寶不成，城中立以爲主，閉門拒守；珪盡衆攻之，連日不拔。)
285:(詳荒酒奢淫，殺戮無度，誅其王公以下五百餘人，內外震局，莫敢忤視。)
13:
14:
1490:
272:(慕容詳自謂能卻魏兵，威德已振，乃卽皇帝位，改元建始，置百官。)
305:
292:
279:
266:
253:
240:
227:
214:
201:
27:
1:
1414:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
195:
73:
7:
10:
1495:
16:Chinese duke (unknown–397)
1363:
1347:
1331:
1307:
1258:
1242:
1216:
1146:
1055:
1026:
997:
968:
944:
901:
872:
836:
802:
773:
717:
666:
637:
581:
520:
465:
405:
98:During Murong Bao's reign
82:, who was the founder of
167:
148:, to lift his siege of
144:, ordered his general,
1348:Western Shu (405–413)
124:Battle of Canhe Slope
1479:Later Yan generals
1474:Later Yan emperors
1332:Huan Chu (403–404)
1167:Son of Tuoba Pugen
1456:
1455:
1243:Duan Qi (350–356)
1204:
1196:
40:Later Yan dynasty
1486:
1202:
1194:
399:Sixteen Kingdoms
397:Monarchs of the
391:
384:
377:
368:
367:
316:
309:
303:
296:
290:
283:
277:
270:
264:
257:
251:
244:
238:
231:
225:
218:
212:
205:
154:Yi County, Hebei
44:Sixteen Kingdoms
29:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1359:
1343:
1327:
1303:
1254:
1238:
1212:
1208:Tuoba Shiyijian
1142:
1051:
1022:
993:
964:
940:
897:
868:
832:
798:
769:
713:
662:
633:
577:
516:
461:
401:
395:
319:
310:
306:
297:
293:
284:
280:
271:
267:
258:
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245:
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232:
228:
219:
215:
206:
202:
198:
170:
100:
76:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1492:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1454:
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1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1342:
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1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1256:
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1253:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
966:
965:
963:
962:
957:
951:
949:
942:
941:
939:
938:
931:
924:
919:
914:
908:
906:
903:Northern Liang
899:
898:
896:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
874:Southern Liang
870:
869:
867:
866:
861:
856:
849:
843:
841:
834:
833:
831:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
807:
800:
799:
797:
796:
791:
786:
780:
778:
771:
770:
768:
767:
762:
757:
752:
746:
741:
735:
730:
724:
722:
715:
714:
712:
711:
706:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
673:
671:
664:
663:
661:
660:
655:
650:
644:
642:
635:
634:
632:
631:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
586:
579:
578:
576:
575:
570:
568:Zhang Xuanjing
565:
560:
555:
553:Zhang Chonghua
550:
545:
540:
535:
527:
525:
518:
517:
515:
514:
507:
502:
495:
490:
485:
478:
472:
470:
463:
462:
460:
459:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
420:
412:
410:
403:
402:
394:
393:
386:
379:
371:
365:
364:
360:Zizhi Tongjian
352:
336:
323:Fang, Xuanling
318:
317:
304:
300:Zizhi Tongjian
291:
278:
274:Zizhi Tongjian
265:
261:Zizhi Tongjian
252:
239:
235:Zizhi Tongjian
226:
222:Zizhi Tongjian
213:
209:Zizhi Tongjian
199:
197:
194:
169:
166:
99:
96:
75:
72:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1491:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1337:
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1330:
1324:
1321:
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1316:
1315:
1313:
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1306:
1300:
1297:
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1257:
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1234:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
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1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
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1152:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
971:
970:Western Liang
967:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
947:
943:
936:
932:
929:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
904:
900:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
875:
871:
865:
862:
860:
857:
854:
850:
848:
845:
844:
842:
839:
835:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
805:
801:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
779:
776:
772:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
723:
720:
716:
710:
707:
704:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
672:
669:
665:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
643:
640:
636:
629:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
587:
584:
580:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:Zhang Yaoling
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
533:
529:
528:
526:
523:
519:
512:
508:
506:
503:
500:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
483:
479:
477:
474:
473:
471:
468:
464:
457:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
425:
421:
418:
414:
413:
411:
408:
404:
400:
392:
387:
385:
380:
378:
373:
372:
369:
362:
361:
356:
353:
350:
346:
345:
340:
337:
334:
330:
329:
325:(ed.) (648).
324:
321:
320:
314:
308:
301:
295:
288:
282:
275:
269:
262:
256:
249:
243:
236:
230:
223:
217:
210:
204:
200:
193:
189:
185:
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179:
175:
165:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
127:
125:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
30:; died 397),
25:
21:
1402:N. Dynasties
1398:S. Dynasties
1294:Murong Zhong
1274:Murong Chong
1200:Tuoba Yihuai
1187:Tuoba Yihuai
1133:Yang Nandang
1128:Yang Baozong
1028:Northern Yan
1013:Helian Chang
946:Southern Yan
917:Juqu Mengxun
818:Qifu Qiangui
755:Murong Sheng
739:Murong Xiang
738:
648:Murong Huang
573:Zhang Tianxi
522:Former Liang
358:
348:
342:
332:
326:
312:
307:
299:
294:
286:
281:
273:
268:
260:
255:
247:
242:
234:
229:
221:
216:
208:
203:
190:
186:
182:
177:
171:
162:
158:Zhangsun Fei
139:
128:
120:
101:
80:Murong Huang
77:
60:Northern Wei
35:
20:Murong Xiang
19:
18:
1394:16 Kingdoms
1299:Murong Yong
1269:Murong Hong
1260:Western Yan
1203:(2nd reign)
1195:(2nd reign)
1162:Tuoba Pugen
1138:Yang Baochi
1066:Yang Maosou
1018:Helian Ding
1008:Helian Bobo
960:Murong Chao
935:Juqu Anzhou
922:Juqu Mujian
888:Tufa Lilugu
838:Later Liang
823:Qifu Chipan
813:Qifu Guoren
804:Western Qin
728:Murong Chui
355:Sima, Guang
344:Book of Wei
328:Book of Jin
207:(詳，皝之曾孫也。)
104:Zhangjiakou
88:Murong Chui
42:during the
1469:397 deaths
1463:Categories
1386:3 Kingdoms
1289:Murong Yao
1192:Tuoba Hena
1182:Tuoba Hena
1177:Tuoba Heru
1172:Tuoba Yulü
1157:Tuoba Yilu
1118:Yang Sheng
1071:Yang Nandi
928:Juqu Wuhui
893:Tufa Rutan
765:Murong Yun
744:Murong Lin
733:Murong Bao
668:Former Qin
658:Murong Wei
653:Murong Jun
639:Former Yan
583:Later Zhao
302:, vol. 109
289:, vol. 124
276:, vol. 109
263:, vol. 109
237:, vol. 109
224:, vol. 109
220:(青，詳之兄也。)
211:, vol. 109
196:References
135:Murong Hui
84:Former Yan
74:Background
68:Murong Lin
48:Murong Bao
1355:Qiao Zong
1339:Huan Xuan
1323:Zhai Zhao
1318:Zhai Liao
1311:(388–392)
1284:Murong Yi
1262:(384–394)
1220:(350–352)
1150:(310–376)
1123:Yang Xuan
1113:Yang Ding
1108:Yang Cuan
1102:Yang Tong
1059:(296–443)
1047:Feng Hong
1030:(407–436)
1001:(407–431)
972:(400–421)
955:Murong De
948:(398–410)
905:(397–460)
883:Tufa Wugu
876:(397–414)
840:(386–403)
828:Qifu Mumo
806:(385–431)
784:Yao Chang
777:(384–417)
775:Later Qin
760:Murong Xi
721:(384–409)
719:Later Yan
703:Dou Chong
670:(351–394)
641:(337–370)
585:(319–351)
563:Zhang Zuo
548:Zhang Jun
543:Zhang Mao
538:Zhang Shi
532:Zhang Gui
524:(318–376)
469:(304–329)
409:(304–347)
407:Cheng-Han
339:Wei, Shou
315:, vol. 15
142:Tuoba Gui
64:pretender
1309:Zhai Wei
1279:Duan Sui
1250:Duan Kan
1096:Yang Shi
1091:Yang Jun
1086:Yang Guo
1081:Yang Chu
847:Lü Guang
794:Yao Hong
789:Yao Xing
709:Fu Chong
682:Fu Sheng
628:Liu Xian
617:Shi Jian
597:Shi Hong
499:Jin Zhun
488:Liu Cong
476:Liu Yuan
467:Han-Zhao
430:Li Xiong
357:(1084).
250:, vol. 2
146:Tuoba Yi
116:Liaoning
1233:Ran Zhi
1227:Ran Min
1218:Ran Wei
1076:Yang Yi
1057:Chouchi
1042:Feng Ba
1037:Gao Yun
912:Duan Ye
864:Lü Long
859:Lü Zuan
853:Lü Shao
749:Lan Han
697:Fu Deng
687:Fu Jiān
677:Fu Jiàn
622:Shi Zhi
612:Shi Zun
607:Shi Shi
505:Liu Yao
493:Liu Can
456:Fan Ben
445:Li Shou
349:Wei Shu
341:(554).
333:Jin Shu
313:Wei Shu
287:Jin Shu
248:Wei Shu
178:Jianshi
112:Jinzhou
92:Shanggu
52:Baoding
32:Xianbei
24:Chinese
1426:W. Xia
989:Li Xun
984:Li Xin
979:Li Gao
602:Shi Hu
592:Shi Le
511:Liu Xi
482:Liu He
450:Li Shi
435:Li Ban
424:Li Liu
174:Hejian
131:Wangdu
26::
1370:Shang
692:Fu Pi
440:Li Qi
417:Li Te
168:Reign
108:Hebei
56:Hebei
36:Pulin
34:name
1442:Qing
1438:Ming
1434:Yuan
1422:Song
1418:Liao
1410:Tang
1374:Zhou
1450:PRC
1446:ROC
1430:Jīn
1406:Sui
1390:Jìn
1382:Han
1378:Qin
1366:Xia
1148:Dai
999:Xia
28:慕容詳
1465::
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351:).
335:).
150:Ye
114:,
106:,
94:.
70:.
54:,
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937:)
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930:)
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390:e
383:t
376:v
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22:(
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