1247:
1787:
1764:
1031:
1638:
795:
3505:
516:. On November 21, Algirdas routed the Moscow sentry troops on the river Trosna. However, he could not seize the Moscow Kremlin. The troops of Algirdas ruined the area around the city and captured a significant portion of the Muscovite population. In 1370, Algirdas made another expedition against Moscow. He ruined the area around Volok Lamskiy. On December 6, he besieged Moscow and started to devastate the surrounding area. Having received the message that Prince Vladimir Andreevich was coming to help Moscow, Algirdas returned to Lithuania. In 1372 Algirdas attacked the Moscow principality again and reached
433:
1630:
590:
3759:
3768:
3780:
366:
1135:, he joined with Muscovite forces but was defeated by Grand Hetman of Lithuania Konstanty Ostrogski. This series of defeats demonstrated the rebellion, despite its claims to protect the rights of the Orthodox, was not supported by the general population and did not spread. The war eventually ended with the inconclusive 'eternal peace treaty' on October 8, 1508, which maintained the territorial accords of the 1503 truce.
1786:
1622:
1098:
and Glinki's old political opponent, accused
Glinski of treason – he alleged that Glinski poisoned Grand Duke Alexander and had ambitions of becoming king himself. Glinski then organized a rebellion, murdered Zabrzeziński in February 1508, and declared himself the defender of the Orthodox faith (even
978:
said: "The war of 1492–1494 was a kind of reconnaissance mission conducted by the united Russia. the ceasefire of 1503 showed the planned political aggression of Russia, its undoubted military superiority. The concept of the sovereign of all Russia, put forward by Ivan III, did not leave room
1763:
814:
would not assist
Lithuania. The pretext was the alleged religious intolerance toward the Orthodox in the Lithuanian court. Helena was forbidden by her father Ivan III to convert to Catholicism, which provided numerous opportunities for Ivan III, as the defender of all Orthodox, to interfere in
683:
sent a delegation to Moscow to negotiate a peace treaty. An "eternal" peace treaty was concluded on
February 5, 1494. The agreement marked the first Lithuanian territorial losses to Moscow: the Principality of Vyazma and a sizable region in the upper reaches of the Oka River. The lost area was
348:
351:
after the
Lithuanians attacked the border area and robbed many peaceful Russians. Alexander Nevsky headed to Lithuania, where he freed all the prisoners and defeated the Lithuanians at Lake Zizicekoe. On the way back, the Lithuanians tried to take revenge, but were destroyed again.
1360:, acted as the regent and engaged in power struggles with other relatives and boyars. The Polish–Lithuanian monarch decided to take advantage of the situation and demanded the return of territories conquered by Vasily III. In the summer of 1534, Grand Hetman
483:
The first intrusions of
Lithuanian troops into the Moscow principality occurred in 1363. In 1368, Algirdas carried out the first major expedition against Moscow. Having devastated the Muscovite borderland, the Lithuanian prince routed the troops of the
511:
1364:
and the Tatars devastated the area around
Chernigov, Novgorod Seversk, Radogoshch, Starodub, and Briansk. In October 1534, a Muscovite army under the command of Prince Ovchina-Telepnev-Obolensky, Prince Nikita Obolensky, and Prince Vasily
1686:. Eventually, in 1569, after Sigismund II Augustus transferred significant territories of the Grand Duchy to Poland and after months of hard negotiations, Lithuanians partially accepted Polish demands and entered in alliance with the
1665:; after several years the coalitions changed and Poland–Lithuania allied themselves with Sweden against Russia and Denmark. Eventually, the 1570 ceasefire divided Livonia between the participants, with Lithuania controlling
1170:
721:
1330:
carried out a ruinous attack on the Moscow principality, resulting in a commitment from the grand prince to pay tribute. The
Lithuanian troops led by Dashkovich participated in the attack and tried to take
1053:, who was crowned both as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. In 1507, Sigismund I sent envoys to Moscow to request the return of the territories acquired by the 1503 truce. At the same time, Khan
121:
527:
Some
Muscovite elements wished to take over all of the land that was formerly of the Kievan Rus', most of which was now in the Lithuanian state. Furthermore, Moscow sought to expand its access to the
1705:
Stefan Batory replied with a series of three offensives against Russia, trying to cut off
Livonia from the main Russian territories. During his first offensive in 1579 with 22,000 men, he retook
888:, Grand Duke of Lithuania, the strongest candidate for the Polish throne. Alexander became preoccupied with the succession. To counter religious accusations, Alexander attempted to establish a
501:
1163:
714:
111:
1694:. In the next phase of the conflict, in 1577, Ivan IV took advantage of the Commonwealth's internal strife (called the war against Danzig in Polish historiography), and, during the reign of
126:
490:
520:. However, the Grand Prince of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich routed the sentry troops of Algirdas, and the Lithuanians concluded an armistice with Moscow. In 1375, Algirdas devastated the
1199:
1156:
707:
1676:
The
Lithuanians felt increasingly pressured by the Tsar; further, Lithuanian lesser nobility pressured the Grand Duke and magnates for gaining the same rights as Polish nobility (
1194:
106:
328:
after the Mongol invasions. Over the course of the wars, particularly in the 16th century, the Muscovites expanded their domain westwards, taking control of many principalities.
1338:
In 1522, a treaty was signed that called for a five-year truce, no prisoner exchange, and for Russia to retain control of Smolensk. The truce was subsequently extended to 1534.
3818:
911:
In the meantime, the war continued, just not as successfully for Moscow. As Lithuanian forces arrived in the region, the Muscovite forces had to move slowly. Additionally, the
101:
84:
4728:
40:
2864:
The Historians' History of the World: A Comprehensive Narrative of the Rise and Development of Nations as Recorded by Over Two Thousand of the Great Writers of All Ages
1209:
612:, and claimed patrimonial rights to the former lands of Kievan Rus'. Such ambitions led to the steady growth of Muscovite territory and power. The supremacy of the
1657:
sought an alliance with Poland and Lithuania; the Poles and Lithuanians were able to defend only southern Livonia. Lithuania and Poland were initially allied with
928:
769:
571:. Alarmed by Lithuania's continuing expansion, Vasily sent an army to aid the Pskovians against his father-in-law. The Russian and Lithuanian armies met near the
2965:
763:
50:
1090:, a favorite of Alexander Jagiellon and a man of opportunity. When Sigismund I the Old succeeded Alexander in 1506, he did not show the same favors to Glinski.
506:
935:, but the city withstood the siege as Muscovites chose a poor strategy and had insufficient artillery. Peace negotiations began in mid-1502. Alexander asked
684:
estimated to be approximately 87,000 km (34,000 sq mi). A day before the treaty's official confirmation, Alexander Jagiellon was betrothed to
496:
485:
4791:
4786:
4781:
3692:
1224:
2731:
4796:
3735:
1204:
3897:
947:(March 25) in 1503. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania lost approximately 210,000 square kilometres (81,000 sq mi), or a third of its territory:
33:
4806:
4801:
4261:
3422:
96:
3648:
2935:
1948:
987:
675:. Orthodox nobles began switching sides to Moscow as it promised better protection from military raids and an end to religious discrimination by
4587:
2195:"1501 10 03 Lenkijos taryba ir Lietuvos atstovai nutarė, kad abi valstybės bus sujungtos į vieną valstybę. Lietuva šios sutarties neratifikavo"
387:
316:. Before the first series of wars in the 15th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania controlled vast stretches of Eastern European land, from
4164:
4025:
3205:
3028:
789:
427:
146:
26:
1311:. Despite their victory, his army was unable to move quickly enough to recapture Smolensk. In 1518, Russian forces were beaten during the
1261:
for trial, while Vasili III demanded better treatment of his widowed sister Helena. Vasili also discovered that Sigismund was paying Khan
4776:
2958:
1776:, depicts the siege from the Russian perspective – terrified running Poles and Lithuanians, and heroic Russian defenders under the
4583:
3791:
1246:
246:
2628:
1326:
By 1521, Sigismund had defeated the Grand Master and allied with the Kazan and Crimean Tatar hordes against Moscow. Khan of Crimea,
3293:
2280:
1749:
1300:
was left as viceregent in Smolensk. This angered Glinski, who threatened to rejoin Sigismund I but was imprisoned by the Russians.
1144:
651:. Tensions continued to rise. In August 1492, without declaring war, Ivan III began large military actions: he captured and burned
166:
156:
4497:
3981:
3968:
3953:
3919:
3725:
3685:
3114:
1278:
74:
4064:
3914:
3639:
3191:
4766:
4678:
4283:
4266:
4256:
4244:
4197:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4093:
4088:
3958:
3931:
3441:
3428:
3368:
3327:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3259:
3133:
3070:
2951:
1698:
in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, invaded Livonia, quickly taking almost the entire territory, except for Riga and Reval (now
79:
1833:) in Polish historiography and as 'Lithuanian wars' in Russian one; English historiography uses both, ex. 'Muscovite wars' in
3823:
3813:
2931:
2915:
2851:
2822:
2798:
2732:"Kada senoji Lietuvos valstybė tapo imperija ir nustojo ja būti? Atsakymas į lietuvišką klausimą, naudojantis estišku metodu"
2699:
2660:
1872:
1849:
584:
567:
fled to Vasily's court and tried to enlist his assistance in regaining Smolensk. Vasily hesitated until Vytautas advanced on
1257:
Despite the peace treaty, the relationship between the two countries remained tense. Sigismund I demanded Michael Glinski's
4688:
4468:
3986:
3447:
3097:
3043:
3033:
1444:
1347:
1019:
901:
342:
1303:
Russia then suffered a series of defeats in the field. In 1512, Grand Hetman of Lithuania, Konstanty Ostrogski, ravaged
4756:
4751:
4716:
4696:
4239:
4042:
4008:
3678:
3653:
2992:
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1748:
but conceded no core Russian territories. The peace lasted for a quarter of a century, until the Commonwealth's forces
1691:
1388:
defeated Nemirovich's Lithuanian forces when they tried to besiege it, and then the Muscovites attacked Liubech, razed
1373:
the following year, before being stopped. The Lithuanian army under Hetman Radziwill, Andrei Nemirovich, Polish Hetman
1270:
897:
811:
313:
4665:
4579:
4549:
4389:
4323:
3620:
3361:
2939:
2776:
2720:
2609:
2507:
1998:
1966:
413:
289:
3601:
395:
4771:
4355:
3871:
3403:
2974:
2194:
1282:
176:
4761:
4629:
3876:
3866:
3571:
1729:
but failed to take the fortress. The prolonged and inconclusive siege led to negotiations, which with the aid of
575:, but neither commander ventured to commit his troops to battle. A peace ensued, whereby Vytautas kept Smolensk.
452:
and seized Kiev, the former capital of Kievan Rus'. By the mid-14th century, an expanding Lithuania had absorbed
116:
4448:
4370:
391:
201:
4616:
4811:
4122:
3730:
3701:
3409:
3000:
2754:
2190:
1049:, who succeeded his father Ivan III in 1505, advanced his bid for the Polish throne, but Polish nobles chose
621:
1307:
and defeated a 6,000-strong Russian force. On 8 September 1514, the Russians suffered a major defeat at the
1030:
679:
Lithuanians. Ivan III officially declared war in 1493, but the conflict soon ended. Grand Duke of Lithuania
639:
Around 1486–1487, territories along the ill-defined Lithuanian–Muscovite border in the upper reaches of the
4566:
4360:
4071:
3475:
3469:
3199:
1274:
196:
191:
4611:
308:, the Lithuanians were increasingly reliant on Polish aid, which eventually became an important factor in
4723:
4502:
4472:
4417:
4412:
3963:
2880:
2837:
2499:
1990:
920:
896:– the Orthodox would retain their traditions but would accept the pope as their spiritual sovereign. The
751:
241:
211:
1717:
up to Starodoub. During the second, in 1580, with 29,000-strong army Stefan Batory took Velizh, Usvyat,
4701:
4436:
4424:
3745:
3720:
3609:
3038:
1087:
617:
2768:
Church, State and Dynasty in Renaissance Poland: The Career of Cardinal Fryderyk Jagiellon (1468-1503)
4534:
4441:
3850:
3582:
3576:
3528:
3022:
1858:
1803:
before the victorious Commonwealth ruler. In reality, Pskov was not taken by the Commonwealth as the
1323:. The Russians invaded Lithuania again in 1519, raiding Orsha, Mogilev, Minsk, Vitebsk, and Polotsk.
944:
794:
449:
256:
216:
3828:
1637:
559:, leaving many settlements in ashes. In 1402, he quarrelled with his son-in-law over control of the
4529:
4492:
2982:
1535:
1293:
1214:
936:
775:
560:
521:
376:
285:
2833:
1958:
4539:
4517:
4507:
4271:
4249:
4231:
4051:
3906:
3803:
3434:
3333:
3239:
2812:
1266:
1038:
859:
605:
380:
3504:
3107:
689:
4606:
4484:
4209:
4192:
4159:
3307:
3234:
1025:
916:
625:
556:
473:
4375:
4152:
4081:
3486:
3249:
2862:
2766:
2710:
975:
206:
4711:
4639:
4522:
4512:
4348:
4076:
3395:
3244:
1862:
1839:
1804:
1737:
1646:
1111:
and contacted Vasili III. Glinski started retreating towards Moscow and attempted to capture
293:
4343:
4214:
3839:
3715:
3629:
3389:
3313:
3059:
1361:
1297:
1046:
869:
between Poland and Lithuania. In November 1501, the Lithuanians were defeated again in the
633:
465:
305:
89:
4673:
4219:
4179:
3319:
3211:
1400:, in which Homel stayed under the king's control, while Moscow kept Sebezh and Zavoloche.
8:
4313:
3740:
3349:
1799:, depicts the siege from the Polish–Lithuanian perspective – Russian nobility doing
1050:
905:
893:
885:
870:
862:
757:
680:
548:
3924:
2284:
1369:
invaded Lithuania, advancing as far as Vilnius and Naugardukas, and built a fortress on
1292:, a major trading center. Their first six- and four-week sieges in 1513 failed, but the
1091:
432:
4573:
4335:
4202:
4187:
4134:
4098:
3991:
3936:
3562:
3546:
3463:
3380:
3299:
3265:
3217:
3102:
3076:
3065:
3005:
1929:
1658:
1603:
1148:
1099:
though he was a Catholic of Mongol descent). His followers unsuccessfully attacked the
855:
745:
699:
636:
in 1483. Further expansionist goals of Ivan III clashed with the Lithuanian interests.
544:
301:
3590:
2885:
4634:
4453:
4429:
4365:
4278:
4169:
3881:
3808:
3534:
3167:
2911:
2892:
2868:
2847:
2818:
2794:
2772:
2746:
2716:
2695:
2675:
2674:. Vol. I. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. p. 468.
2656:
2634:
2613:
2605:
2511:
2503:
2276:
2002:
1994:
1962:
1921:
1868:
1845:
1733:
1595:
1397:
1315:, when according to legend the Lithuanian forces were inspired by the sight of their
1095:
900:
agreed to such an arrangement, but Helena protested. Polish nobles, including Bishop
874:
873:. The Crimean Tatars destroyed the Golden Horde, a Lithuanian ally, when its capital
629:
297:
296:, which was later unified with other Russian principalities to eventually become the
251:
221:
151:
4598:
4458:
4397:
4330:
4308:
4288:
4147:
4127:
3996:
3540:
3415:
3374:
3343:
3120:
2786:
2047:
1954:
1913:
1777:
1654:
1531:
1370:
1312:
1234:
1229:
952:
866:
843:
685:
601:
564:
226:
4644:
2670:
Jurginis, Juozas (1985). "Glinskio maištas". In Jonas Zinkus; et al. (eds.).
1262:
1054:
644:
4649:
4402:
4018:
4001:
3522:
3126:
1826:
1800:
1687:
1683:
1629:
1551:
1464:
1357:
1308:
1288:
In December 1512, Moscow invaded the Grand Duchy of Lithuania seeking to capture
1250:
1219:
1083:
1068:
1007:
983:
676:
440:
The Grand Duchy of Moscow and Lithuania had fought each other since the reign of
309:
16:
Series of wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow
2943:
1981:Феннел Дж. Кризис средневековой Руси. 1200—1304. — М.: Прогресс, 1989. — С. 142.
842:, often joined the Muscovite cause. Another attack came from the southeast into
4407:
2808:
1835:
1726:
1662:
1327:
1108:
912:
807:
648:
589:
477:
325:
963:. Russian historian Matvei Kuzmich Liubavskii counted Lithuanian losses at 70
4745:
2843:
2750:
2648:
1925:
1722:
1718:
1695:
1374:
1320:
1100:
967:, 22 towns, and 13 villages. The Lithuanians also acknowledged Ivan's title,
881:
3670:
2872:
4561:
4318:
4059:
3355:
3185:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
1773:
1730:
1615:
1589:
1316:
889:
613:
535:. Thus, the conflict between Lithuania and Moscow was only just beginning.
171:
161:
1396:
and Zavoloche. Lithuania and Russia negotiated a five-year truce, without
4463:
3758:
3551:
3481:
2051:
1796:
1258:
1104:
960:
640:
532:
3767:
2058:
1273:
and was unwilling to acknowledge Poland's suzerainty as required by the
3948:
3943:
3089:
3083:
1611:
1610:
lands of the former Kievan Rus', engaging with other powers around the
1607:
839:
827:
664:
572:
528:
445:
3779:
1933:
1404:
Territorial changes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1430 to 1583
18:
2084:
2082:
1120:
948:
940:
931:
in September 1502. In 1502, Ivan III organized a campaign to capture
453:
441:
2690:
Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Kiaupienė, Jūratė; Kuncevičius, Albinas (2000) .
365:
4706:
3658:
2839:
Lietuvos istorija. Nauji horizontai: dinastija, visoumenė, valstybė
2202:
1917:
1710:
1678:
1506:
1289:
999:
956:
932:
919:, joined the war as a Lithuanian ally. The Livonian troops won the
854:. On July 14, 1500, the Lithuanians suffered a great defeat in the
847:
831:
803:
660:
656:
597:
552:
517:
461:
321:
2079:
1669:
and Russians expanding access to the Baltic Sea by taking hold of
806:
took advantage of a planned Polish–Hungarian campaign against the
3834:
1745:
1741:
1714:
1706:
1699:
1650:
1599:
1460:
1440:
1389:
1366:
1353:
1304:
1124:
1003:
865:
was captured. The defeat was one of the reasons for the proposed
851:
819:
668:
652:
480:, who nevertheless succeeded in fending off these encroachments.
457:
436:
Expansion of the Lithuanian state from the 13th to 15th centuries
2679:
2099:
2097:
1904:
Dewey, Horace W. (1987). "Political Poruka in Muscovite Rus'".
1393:
1385:
1332:
1116:
1076:
1063:
1057:
broke off his alliance with Moscow due to its campaign against
995:
991:
964:
835:
823:
688:, daughter of Ivan III (the role of the groom was performed by
672:
616:, known as the "Mongol Yoke," ended in 1480 with the defeat of
469:
2694:(English ed.). Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History.
1377:, and Semen Belsky launched a powerful counterattack and took
2189:
2094:
1670:
1378:
1132:
1128:
1112:
1072:
1058:
924:
568:
2604:
Sergey Solovyov. History of Russia from the Earliest Times,
2281:"Tomas Baranauskas: Ką mums reiškia pergalė prieš totorius?"
2655:. Vol. I (Revised ed.). Oxford University Press.
1666:
892:
between Catholics and Orthodox as it was envisioned at the
317:
2891:. Vol. 9. Gulf Breeze: Academic International Press.
2689:
2073:
1621:
1103:
in an attempt to liberate the prisoner Ahmad, Khan of the
3819:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
2230:
1006:. Alexander Jagiellon then ordered the construction of a
818:
The Muscovites promptly overran Lithuanian fortresses in
2044:
Between East and West: The Formation of the Moscow State
1879:. Some sources also may use Russo- instead of Muscovite.
1178:
729:
2581:
2006:
1834:
1725:, with a 100,000-strong army Stefan Batory started the
1265:
to attack the Grand Duchy of Moscow. At the same time,
1180:
731:
3179:
2209:
2109:
1661:
and fought against the Tsardom of Russia allied with
538:
355:
2791:
The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453
1341:
2831:
2088:
2018:
1825:
The conflicts are referred to as 'Muscovite wars' (
1550:Transferred Ukrainian territories to Poland by the
543:Conflicts resumed during the reign of Dmitry's son
472:, attempting to take advantage of the youth of the
2884:
810:: While preoccupied with the Ottomans, Poland and
3138:
2973:
982:During the Muscovite–Lithuanian War of 1503, the
815:Lithuanian affairs and rally Orthodox believers.
551:, the sole daughter of the Lithuanian Grand Duke
4743:
2814:The Cult of Ivan the Terrible in Stalin's Russia
3649:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
2283:(in Lithuanian). OMNI naujienos. Archived from
2199:Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kalendorius
2037:
2035:
2033:
1352:Upon Vasily's death in 1533, his son and heir,
578:
4030:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
3736:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2860:
2712:A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples
2630:Rulers and nobles in fifteenth-century Muscovy
2103:
1649:in Poland and Lithuania, Tsar Ivan IV invaded
1527:Gained 85,000 km (33,000 sq mi)
464:, the successor of Gediminas, allied with the
3700:
3686:
2959:
2715:(2nd ed.). University of Toronto Press.
2502:. History of Russia from the Earliest Times,
2041:
1993:. History of Russia from the Earliest Times,
1546:Lost 170,000 km (66,000 sq mi)
1516:Gained 20,000 km (7,700 sq mi)
1488:Lost 210,000 km (81,000 sq mi)
1164:
715:
671:; and attacked the territory of the Dukes of
34:
2030:
1562:Lost 40,000 km (15,000 sq mi)
1501:Lost 56,000 km (22,000 sq mi)
1475:Lost 87,000 km (34,000 sq mi)
1455:Lost 88,000 km (34,000 sq mi)
1082:The war was intertwined with a rebellion by
979:for the existence of the Lithuanian state".
943:, and a six-year truce was concluded on the
4792:Wars involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4026:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
4014:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
3173:
3155:
2936:Bibliography of Russian history (1223–1613)
2867:. Vol. 17. Hooper & Jackson, Ltd.
2275:
1946:
1709:, Polish–Lithuanian troops also devastated
1633:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 1590s
1606:. The tsar sought to gather the ethnically
1435:Lost 21,000 km (8,100 sq mi)
884:, King of Poland, died leaving his brother
802:Hostilities were renewed in May 1500, when
394:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4787:16th century in the Principality of Moscow
4782:15th century in the Principality of Moscow
3872:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
3693:
3679:
3256:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
3161:
2966:
2952:
2764:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2236:
1844:. Cambridge University Press. p. 63.
1740:in which the Tsar renounced his claims to
1702:). That war would last from 1577 to 1582.
1171:
1157:
1035:Muscovite campaign against the Lithuanians
722:
708:
41:
27:
4797:Wars involving the Principality of Moscow
3877:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
3867:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
2785:
2565:
2563:
2138:
2136:
2042:Shaikhutdinov, Marat (23 November 2021).
2012:
1959:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156508.001.0001
1574:365,000 km (141,000 sq mi)
1423:930,000 km (360,000 sq mi)
1277:. The tension eventually resulted in the
1138:
1131:when his relative opened the gates. Near
695:
643:were under attack by Moscow and its ally
600:considered himself an heir to the fallen
593:Expansion of the Russian state, 1500–1626
414:Learn how and when to remove this message
4165:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
2887:History of Russia. The Age of Vasily III
2879:
2669:
2477:
2475:
2420:
2418:
2381:
2379:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2074:Kiaupa, Kiaupienė & Kuncevičius 2000
1636:
1628:
1620:
1356:, was only three years old. His mother,
1245:
1029:
1013:
1002:and even threatened the capital city of
908:, discussed the issue of royal divorce.
793:
588:
468:and undertook three expeditions against
431:
331:
300:. After several defeats at the hands of
4807:16th-century military history of Russia
4802:15th-century military history of Russia
3726:History of Polish intelligence services
3470:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
3206:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
2905:
2708:
2593:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2215:
2162:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2126:
2124:
2115:
1947:Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. (2005-10-27).
624:. Moscow extended its influence to the
563:. After Vytautas captured his capital,
48:
4744:
4679:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
2807:
2729:
2647:
2587:
2560:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2133:
2024:
1857:
1625:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569
1107:. Glinski then established himself in
4072:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
3674:
2947:
2932:Bibliography of the history of Poland
2653:God's Playground: A History of Poland
2472:
2415:
2376:
2367:
2291:
2183:
1903:
1867:. Yale University Press. p. 53.
1807:was concluded before the siege ended.
1721:. In 1581 the Lithuanians burnt down
1152:
703:
22:
4262:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
3915:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
3192:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
3029:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
2908:Russia's Wars of Emergence 1460–1730
2692:The History of Lithuania Before 1795
2626:
2358:
2335:
2323:
2157:
2145:
2121:
1348:Lithuanian-Muscovite War (1534-1537)
1182:Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1512–1522)
1145:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512-1522)
1020:Lithuanian-Muscovite War (1507-1508)
790:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1500–1503)
733:Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1500–1503)
428:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
392:adding citations to reliable sources
359:
336:
284:) were a series of wars between the
4498:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
3423:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
2169:
555:. In 1394, Vytautas devastated the
347:Russian princes decided to go on a
343:Alexandr Nevsky Lithuanian campaign
13:
4777:Warfare of the early modern period
2925:
1271:Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
990:the Lithuania's southern towns of
539:15th century: strengthening Moscow
356:14th century: Lithuanian expansion
14:
4823:
3516:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
2940:Bibliography of Ukrainian history
1864:The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation
1577:Territory after the Livonian War
1505:Fourth war with Russia; included
1342:Fifth or Starodub war (1534–1537)
1067:for the Muscovite territories of
1008:defensive wall around his capital
898:Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'
838:. Local nobles, particularly the
585:Lithuanian-Moscow War (1487—1494)
4284:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
3987:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
3778:
3766:
3757:
3503:
3448:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
3098:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
3044:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
3034:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
1785:
1762:
1283:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
364:
4267:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
4257:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
4245:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
4198:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
4116:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
4111:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
4106:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
4094:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
4089:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
3982:Władysław the White's rebellion
3969:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
3954:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
3920:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
3572:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
3294:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
3134:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
2883:(1976). Graham, Hugh F. (ed.).
2842:(in Lithuanian). Vol. IV.
2793:. Sterling Publishing Company.
2572:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2493:
2484:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2349:
2314:
2305:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2221:
2089:Petrauskas & Kiaupienė 2009
1598:was officially proclaimed when
1583:
1279:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
1010:, which was completed in 1522.
495:Simeon Dmitrievich Krapiva and
4449:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
4240:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
4009:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
3654:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
3240:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
3115:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
3071:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
2861:Smith Williams, Henry (1907).
2257:Nowakowska (2007), pp. 135–136
2248:Nowakowska (2007), pp. 134–135
1984:
1975:
1940:
1897:
1819:
1692:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
444:, who defeated a coalition of
314:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
4356:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
4324:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
3997:1444 war against the Ottomans
3824:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
3814:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
3731:List of wars involving Poland
3442:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
3429:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
3369:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
3362:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
3328:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
3286:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
3280:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
3274:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
3260:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
3001:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
2975:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
2709:Magocsi, Paul Robert (2010).
2672:Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija
2373:Smith Williams (1907), p. 186
2302:Smith Williams (1907), p. 185
2191:Lietuvos istorijos institutas
1950:Appanage and Muscovite Russia
1886:
959:, and lands around the upper
692:as Alexander was in Poland).
622:Great Stand on the Ugra River
4366:War of the Bar Confederation
4361:War of the Polish Succession
3476:War of the Bar Confederation
3180:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
3174:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
3162:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
3156:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
3139:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2765:Nowakowska, Natalia (2007).
2557:Soloviev (1976), pp. 188–189
1812:
1275:Second Peace of Thorn (1466)
579:First border war (1487–1494)
531:, an increasingly important
324:, following the collapse of
7:
4724:Russian invasion of Ukraine
4617:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
4413:War of the Fourth Coalition
4065:campaign of Stephen Báthory
3404:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
2739:Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos
1953:. Oxford University Press.
1841:A Concise History of Poland
921:Battle of the Siritsa River
10:
4828:
4702:Operation Uphold Democracy
4437:War of the Sixth Coalition
4425:War of the Fifth Coalition
4371:Polish–Russian War of 1792
3746:Warfare in Medieval Poland
3721:History of the Polish Army
3610:June Uprising in Lithuania
3039:Battle of the Vikhra River
2929:
2906:Stevens, Carol B. (2007).
2469:Soloviev (1976), pp. 78–79
1838:; Hubert Zawadzki (2001).
1755:
1587:
1392:, and built fortresses at
1345:
1142:
1127:. He only managed to take
1088:Court Marshal of Lithuania
1061:. Sigismund I received an
1023:
1017:
798:Military campaigns in 1500
787:
582:
425:
340:
4767:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
4757:16th century in Lithuania
4752:15th century in Lithuania
4687:
4664:
4625:
4612:Białystok Ghetto uprising
4597:
4557:
4548:
4483:
4442:French invasion of Russia
4388:
4301:
4230:
4143:
4123:Northern War of 1655–1660
4050:
4041:
3977:
3905:
3896:
3859:
3799:
3790:
3752:
3708:
3702:Polish wars and conflicts
3638:
3619:
3600:
3561:
3529:French invasion of Russia
3515:
3498:
3456:
3227:
3200:Northern Seven Years' War
3148:
3052:
3015:
2991:
2981:
2412:Stevens (2007), pp. 57–58
2364:Petrauskas (2009), p. 466
2346:Petrauskas (2009), p. 465
2332:Petrauskas (2009), p. 436
2320:Petrauskas (2009), p. 423
2227:Petrauskas (2009), p. 464
2154:Petrauskas (2009), p. 463
2130:Petrauskas (2009), p. 461
1856:and 'Lithuanian wars' in
1653:, first in 1558 when the
1190:
1045:In 1506, Alexander died.
945:Feast of the Annunciation
923:in August 1501, besieged
741:
632:in 1477, and annexed the
450:Battle on the Irpin River
270:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
60:
4530:Second Silesian Uprising
3847:1156 war against Germany
3844:1146 war against Germany
2983:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2730:Norkus, Zenonas (2009).
1536:Treaty of Vilnius (1561)
937:Vladislaus II of Hungary
608:. He proclaimed himself
561:Principality of Smolensk
286:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4772:Wars of the Middle Ages
4729:Military aid to Ukraine
4540:Third Silesian Uprising
4508:First Silesian Uprising
4503:Polish–Czechoslovak War
4272:Battle of Chocim (1673)
4250:Battle of Chocim (1621)
3435:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
3334:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
2578:Soloviev (1976), p. 194
2569:Soloviev (1976), p. 189
2548:Soloviev (1976), p. 188
2539:Soloviev (1976), p. 187
2355:Jurginis (1985), p. 638
1492:Second war with Russia
969:sovereign of all Russia
877:was conquered in 1502.
860:Lithuanian Grand Hetman
610:sovereign of all Russia
606:Eastern Orthodox Church
4762:16th-century conflicts
4607:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
4550:World War II in Poland
4210:Zebrzydowski rebellion
4193:Moldavian Magnate Wars
4160:Siege of Danzig (1577)
3308:Zebrzydowski rebellion
3235:Moldavian Magnate Wars
2832:Petrauskas, Rimvydas;
2817:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2771:. Ashgate Publishing.
2627:Alef, Gustave (1959).
2530:Soloviev (1976), p. 84
2521:Soloviev (1976), p. 83
2490:Soloviev (1976), p. 82
2481:Soloviev (1976), p. 79
2460:Soloviev (1976), p. 78
2451:Soloviev (1976), p. 60
2442:Soloviev (1976), p. 59
2433:Soloviev (1976), p. 58
2424:Soloviev (1976), p. 56
2403:Soloviev (1976), p. 55
2385:Soloviev (1976), p. 54
1830:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1519:Fifth war with Russia
1479:First war with Russia
1384:In 1536, the fortress
1294:city fell in July 1514
1254:
1139:Fourth war (1512–1522)
1042:
929:Battle of Lake Smolino
917:Wolter von Plettenberg
799:
696:Second war (1500–1503)
626:Principality of Ryazan
594:
557:Principality of Ryazan
474:Grand Prince of Moscow
437:
4712:2003 invasion of Iraq
4640:Operation Ostra Brama
4535:Polish–Lithuanian War
4349:Battle of Berestechko
4077:War against Sigismund
3851:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
3583:Polish–Lithuanian War
3577:Lithuanian–Soviet War
3396:Battle of Berestechko
3245:War against Sigismund
3023:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
2910:. Pearson Education.
2633:. Variorum Reprints.
2394:Davies (2005), p. 114
2311:Kiaupa (2000), p. 225
2180:Stevens (2007), p. 58
2166:Davies (2005), p. 111
1805:Peace of Jam Zapolski
1738:peace of Jam Zapolski
1647:Sigismund II Augustus
1640:
1632:
1624:
1443:to Poland during the
1249:
1033:
1014:Third war (1507–1508)
797:
628:in 1456, annexed the
618:Ahmed Khan bin Küchük
592:
547:, who was married to
522:Smolensk principality
435:
332:Historical background
294:Grand Duchy of Moscow
274:Russo-Lithuanian Wars
4812:Principality of Tver
4493:Polish–Ukrainian War
4344:Khmelnytsky Uprising
3907:Polish–Teutonic wars
3716:Early modern warfare
3630:Lithuanian partisans
3390:Khmelnytsky Uprising
3060:Samogitian uprisings
2142:Norkus (2009), p. 61
2052:10.2307/j.ctv249sgn2
2046:. pp. 145–179.
1645:During the reign of
1445:Lithuanian Civil War
1298:Vasily Nemoy Shuysky
690:Stanislovas Kęsgaila
634:Principality of Tver
604:and defender of the
507:Konstantin Yurievich
466:Principality of Tver
388:improve this section
142:Muscovite/Lithuanian
4590:during World War II
4376:Kościuszko Uprising
4340:1644 Tatar Invasion
4314:Fedorovych uprising
4305:1624 Tatar Invasion
4232:Polish–Ottoman wars
4184:1593 Tatar Invasion
4176:1589 Tatar Invasion
4153:Battle of Lubieszów
4082:Battle of Stångebro
4052:Polish–Swedish wars
3959:Thirteen Years' War
3829:Miecław's Rebellion
3804:Polish–Veletian War
3741:Polish Armed Forces
3709:General and related
3487:Kościuszko Uprising
3386:1644 Tatar Invasion
3350:Fedorovych uprising
3340:1624 Tatar Invasion
3250:Battle of Stångebro
3108:Battle of Pabaiskas
2881:Soloviev, Sergei M.
2266:Alef (1959), p. 155
2104:Smith Williams 1907
1405:
1051:Sigismund I the Old
1026:Glinsky's Rebellion
976:Edvardas Gudavičius
906:Frederick Jagiellon
894:Council of Florence
886:Alexander Jagiellon
871:Battle of Mstislavl
863:Konstanty Ostrogski
681:Alexander Jagiellon
272:(also known as the
52:Polish–Russian Wars
4717:Occupation of Iraq
4697:War in Afghanistan
4574:Invasion of Poland
4469:fighting in Poland
4390:Poland partitioned
4336:Ostryanyn uprising
4188:Nalyvaiko Uprising
4135:Great Northern War
4099:Battle of Kircholm
3992:Battle of Grotniki
3964:War of the Priests
3937:Battle of Grunwald
3640:Restored Lithuania
3563:Interwar Lithuania
3547:Revolution of 1905
3464:Great Northern War
3381:Ostryanyn uprising
3300:Battle of Klushino
3266:Battle of Kircholm
3218:Nalyvaiko Uprising
3077:Battle of Grunwald
3066:Lithuanian Crusade
3006:Lithuanian Crusade
2277:Baranauskas, Tomas
1906:The Russian Review
1780:religious banners.
1778:Orthodox Christian
1643:
1635:
1627:
1604:tsar of all Russia
1412:Area (approximate)
1403:
1255:
1043:
856:Battle of Vedrosha
800:
595:
553:Vytautas the Great
497:Prince of Obolensk
486:Prince of Starodub
438:
288:, allied with the
4739:
4738:
4674:Racibórz Conflict
4666:People's Republic
4660:
4659:
4635:Operation Tempest
4513:Polish–Soviet War
4454:November Uprising
4430:Austro-Polish War
4418:Prussian campaign
4384:
4383:
4279:Great Turkish War
4220:Battle of Humenné
4215:Thirty Years' War
4203:Battle of Kłuszyn
4180:Kosiński uprising
4170:Battle of Byczyna
4037:
4036:
3949:Gollub War (1422)
3944:Hunger War (1414)
3892:
3891:
3882:Battle of Legnica
3833:1072 war against
3809:Battle of Cedynia
3668:
3667:
3621:Soviet occupation
3535:November Uprising
3496:
3495:
3320:Battle of Humenné
3314:Thirty Years' War
3212:Kosiński uprising
3168:Glinski rebellion
2917:978-0-582-21891-8
2853:978-9955-23-239-1
2834:Kiaupienė, Jūratė
2824:978-0-333-65684-6
2800:978-1-84212-019-4
2787:Obolensky, Dmitry
2701:978-9986-810-13-1
2662:978-0-19-925339-5
2201:(in Lithuanian).
1874:978-0-300-09309-4
1851:978-0-521-55917-1
1831:wojny moskiewskie
1734:Antonio Possevino
1596:Tsardom of Russia
1581:
1580:
1398:prisoner exchange
1285:with Vasili III.
1267:Albert of Prussia
1243:
1242:
1096:Voivode of Trakai
785:
784:
630:Novgorod Republic
424:
423:
416:
337:The first clashes
298:Tsardom of Russia
290:Kingdom of Poland
265:
264:
135:Tsardom of Russia
4819:
4630:Italian Campaign
4599:Ghetto uprisings
4586:, and
4555:
4554:
4518:Battle of Warsaw
4459:January Uprising
4398:Denisko uprising
4331:Pavlyuk uprising
4309:Zhmaylo uprising
4289:Battle of Vienna
4148:Danzig rebellion
4048:
4047:
3925:Battle of Płowce
3903:
3902:
3898:Jagiellon Poland
3860:Mongol invasions
3797:
3796:
3782:
3770:
3761:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3541:January Uprising
3507:
3375:Pavlyuk uprising
3344:Zhmaylo uprising
3121:Crusade of Varna
3103:Battle of Ašmena
2989:
2988:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2921:
2902:
2890:
2876:
2857:
2828:
2804:
2782:
2761:
2759:
2753:. Archived from
2736:
2726:
2705:
2686:
2683:
2666:
2644:
2615:
2602:
2591:
2590:, p. 60–62.
2585:
2579:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2333:
2330:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2289:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2167:
2164:
2155:
2152:
2143:
2140:
2131:
2128:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2077:
2071:
2056:
2055:
2039:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1901:
1880:
1878:
1855:
1823:
1789:
1766:
1655:Livonian Knights
1563:
1547:
1532:Duchy of Livonia
1502:
1489:
1476:
1456:
1436:
1406:
1402:
1313:siege of Polotsk
1185:
1183:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1092:Jan Zabrzeziński
953:Novgorod-Seversk
867:Union of Mielnik
844:Kiev Voivodeship
736:
734:
724:
717:
710:
701:
700:
602:Byzantine Empire
565:Yury of Smolensk
515:
505:
494:
478:Dmitry Ivanovich
419:
412:
408:
405:
399:
368:
360:
68:
55:
53:
43:
36:
29:
20:
19:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4683:
4656:
4650:Warsaw Uprising
4621:
4593:
4544:
4485:Second Republic
4479:
4403:Napoleonic Wars
4380:
4297:
4226:
4139:
4033:
4019:Battle of Orsha
4002:Battle of Varna
3973:
3888:
3855:
3840:Siege of Głogów
3786:
3785:
3774:
3750:
3704:
3699:
3669:
3664:
3634:
3615:
3596:
3591:Klaipėda Revolt
3557:
3523:Napoleonic Wars
3511:
3510:
3492:
3452:
3223:
3144:
3127:Battle of Varna
3048:
3011:
2977:
2972:
2942:
2928:
2926:Further reading
2918:
2899:
2854:
2825:
2809:Perrie, Maureen
2801:
2779:
2757:
2734:
2723:
2702:
2685:(in Lithuanian)
2684:
2663:
2641:
2618:
2603:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2500:Sergey Solovyov
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2292:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2237:Nowakowska 2007
2235:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2059:
2040:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1991:Sergey Solovyov
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1945:
1941:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1852:
1836:Lukowski, Jerzy
1824:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1793:Batory at Pskov
1790:
1781:
1767:
1758:
1688:Union of Lublin
1684:Golden Freedoms
1602:was crowned as
1592:
1586:
1561:
1552:Union of Lublin
1545:
1500:
1487:
1474:
1465:Crimean Khanate
1454:
1434:
1426:Largest extent
1362:Jerzy Radziwiłł
1358:Elena Glinskaya
1350:
1344:
1309:Battle of Orsha
1251:Battle of Orsha
1244:
1239:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1147:
1141:
1084:Michael Glinski
1028:
1022:
1016:
792:
786:
781:
737:
732:
730:
728:
698:
587:
581:
541:
509:
499:
488:
448:princes in the
430:
420:
409:
403:
400:
385:
369:
358:
345:
339:
334:
282:Lithuanian Wars
266:
261:
231:
181:
131:
66:
56:
51:
49:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4825:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4689:Third Republic
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4647:
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4632:
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4609:
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4570:
4569:
4558:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4523:Kiev offensive
4520:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4410:
4408:Peninsular War
4405:
4400:
4394:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
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4264:
4259:
4254:
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4234:
4228:
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4224:
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4212:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
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4102:
4101:
4086:
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4074:
4069:
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4011:
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3994:
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3806:
3800:
3794:
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3787:
3784:
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3728:
3723:
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3698:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3675:
3666:
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3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3636:
3635:
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3617:
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3598:
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3500:
3499:
3497:
3494:
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3479:
3473:
3467:
3460:
3458:
3454:
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3407:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3063:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2948:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2916:
2903:
2898:978-0875690667
2897:
2877:
2858:
2852:
2829:
2823:
2805:
2799:
2783:
2777:
2762:
2760:on 2011-07-22.
2727:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2687:
2667:
2661:
2649:Davies, Norman
2645:
2640:978-0860781202
2639:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2592:
2580:
2571:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2492:
2483:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2334:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2290:
2287:on 2008-06-04.
2279:(2006-08-07).
2268:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2239:, p. 134.
2229:
2220:
2218:, p. 180.
2208:
2193:(2009-10-02).
2182:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2106:, p. 179.
2093:
2091:, p. 460.
2078:
2076:, p. 221.
2057:
2029:
2017:
2015:, p. 365.
2013:Obolensky 2000
2005:
1983:
1974:
1967:
1939:
1918:10.2307/130622
1912:(2): 117–133.
1895:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1859:Wilson, Andrew
1850:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1795:, painting by
1791:
1784:
1782:
1772:, painting by
1770:Siege of Pskov
1768:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1750:invaded Russia
1727:Siege of Pskov
1690:, forming the
1641:Mounted archer
1588:Main article:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1381:and Starodub.
1346:Main article:
1343:
1340:
1328:Mehmed I Giray
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1153:
1143:Main article:
1140:
1137:
1018:Main article:
1015:
1012:
939:to act as the
927:, and won the
913:Livonian Order
880:In June 1501,
808:Ottoman Empire
788:Main article:
783:
782:
780:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
742:
739:
738:
727:
726:
719:
712:
704:
697:
694:
649:Khan of Crimea
583:Main article:
580:
577:
540:
537:
426:Main article:
422:
421:
372:
370:
363:
357:
354:
341:Main article:
338:
335:
333:
330:
278:Muscovite Wars
263:
262:
260:
259:
254:
249:
244:
238:
237:
230:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
188:
187:
185:Russian Empire
180:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
138:
137:
130:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
93:
92:
82:
77:
71:
70:
61:
58:
57:
46:
45:
38:
31:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4824:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
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4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4645:Lwów uprising
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4588:contributions
4585:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4567:Eastern Front
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
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4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4474:
4473:Eastern Front
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
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4325:
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4320:
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4280:
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3999:
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3990:
3988:
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3405:
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3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3363:
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3007:
3004:
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2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2987:
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2957:
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2941:
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2919:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2844:Baltos lankos
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2778:9780754656449
2774:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2722:9781442610217
2718:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2610:5-17-002142-9
2607:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2564:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2508:5-17-002142-9
2505:
2501:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2476:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2419:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2224:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2118:, p. 57.
2117:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2027:, p. 98.
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1999:5-17-002142-9
1996:
1992:
1987:
1978:
1970:
1968:9780199868230
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1736:ended in the
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:Staraya Russa
1720:
1719:Velikiye Luki
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:Stefan Batory
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:In 1547, the
1591:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:Livonian War
1565:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1496:
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1491:
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1483:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:Lost western
1438:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:Jan Tarnowski
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1321:Saint Casimir
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:Meñli I Giray
1260:
1252:
1248:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
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1146:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:Kaunas Castle
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1055:Meñli I Giray
1052:
1048:
1040:
1039:Sergei Ivanov
1036:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:Crimean Tatar
980:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
904:and Cardinal
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:John I Albert
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
813:
809:
805:
796:
791:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
752:Siritsa River
750:
747:
744:
743:
740:
735:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:
702:
693:
691:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:Meñli I Giray
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
591:
586:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
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546:
536:
534:
530:
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519:
513:
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487:
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479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
434:
429:
418:
415:
407:
397:
393:
389:
383:
382:
378:
373:This section
371:
367:
362:
361:
353:
350:
344:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
232:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
132:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
69:
63:
62:
59:
54:
44:
39:
37:
32:
30:
25:
24:
21:
4578:Polish
4562:World War II
4319:Smolensk War
4060:Livonian War
4043:Commonwealth
4013:
3792:Piast Poland
3773:
3642:(since 1990)
3602:World War II
3457:18th century
3431:(1672–1676)
3412:(1655–1660)
3410:Northern War
3392:(1648–1657)
3358:(1632–1634)
3356:Smolensk War
3330:(1620–1621)
3316:(1618–1648)
3296:(1605–1618)
3262:(1600–1611)
3228:17th century
3188:(1558–1583)
3186:Livonian War
3149:16th century
3123:(1443–1444)
3073:(1409–1411)
3053:15th century
3016:14th century
2993:13th century
2907:
2886:
2863:
2838:
2813:
2790:
2767:
2755:the original
2742:
2738:
2711:
2691:
2671:
2652:
2629:
2583:
2574:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2495:
2486:
2465:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2316:
2307:
2285:the original
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2232:
2223:
2216:Magocsi 2010
2211:
2198:
2185:
2116:Stevens 2007
2111:
2043:
2020:
2008:
1986:
1977:
1949:
1942:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1863:
1840:
1821:
1792:
1774:Karl Brullov
1769:
1731:papal legate
1713:region, and
1704:
1682:), i.e. the
1677:
1675:
1644:
1616:Livonian War
1593:
1590:Livonian War
1584:Livonian War
1415:Explanation
1383:
1351:
1337:
1325:
1317:patron saint
1302:
1287:
1256:
1081:
1062:
1044:
1034:
981:
973:
968:
910:
902:Erazm Ciołek
890:church union
879:
817:
801:
778: (1502)
772: (1502)
770:Lake Smolino
766: (1502)
760: (1501)
754: (1501)
748: (1500)
638:
614:Golden Horde
609:
596:
542:
526:
482:
439:
410:
401:
386:Please help
374:
346:
310:the creation
281:
277:
273:
269:
267:
235:Soviet Union
234:
184:
141:
134:
64:
4464:World War I
3661:(2003–2011)
3623:(1944–1990)
3585:(1919–1920)
3579:(1918–1919)
3565:(1918–1940)
3554:(1914–1918)
3552:World War I
3543:(1863–1864)
3537:(1830–1831)
3525:(1803–1815)
3482:War of 1792
3478:(1768–1774)
3472:(1733–1735)
3466:(1700–1721)
3444:(1683–1699)
3425:(1666–1671)
3406:(1654–1667)
3371:(1633–1634)
3288:(1626–1629)
3282:(1621–1625)
3276:(1617–1618)
3220:(1594–1596)
3214:(1591–1593)
3208:(1587–1588)
3202:(1563–1570)
3194:(1577–1582)
3182:(1534–1537)
3176:(1512–1522)
3164:(1507–1508)
3158:(1500–1503)
3141:(1492–1494)
3117:(1431–1435)
3062:(1401–1409)
3025:(1340–1392)
3008:(1283–1422)
2588:Norkus 2009
2025:Perrie 2002
1797:Jan Matejko
1371:Lake Sebezh
1281:and allied
1269:became the
1259:extradition
1105:Great Horde
840:Vorotynskys
533:trade route
510: [
500: [
489: [
404:August 2024
326:Kievan Rus'
4746:Categories
4584:resistance
4128:The Deluge
3416:The Deluge
3090:Gollub War
3084:Hunger War
2930:See also:
2621:References
1887:References
1612:Baltic Sea
1047:Vasili III
1024:See also:
974:Historian
858:, and the
828:Dorogobuzh
665:Meshchovsk
573:Ugra River
529:Baltic Sea
306:Vasily III
292:, and the
276:or simply
65:Kievan Rus
3932:Great War
2985:(to 1795)
2751:1392-0448
1926:0036-0341
1813:Footnotes
1752:in 1605.
1608:Ruthenian
1296:. Prince
1121:Mstsislaw
961:Oka River
949:Chernigov
915:, led by
875:New Sarai
758:Mstislavl
667:; raided
641:Oka River
454:Chernigov
446:Ruthenian
442:Gediminas
375:does not
252:1919-1921
247:1918-1919
242:1914-1918
227:1863-1864
222:1830-1831
212:1806-1807
197:1768-1772
192:1733-1735
177:1654–1667
172:1632-1634
167:1605–1618
162:1558-1583
157:1512-1522
147:1487-1494
122:1139-1142
112:1121-1124
102:1069-1071
97:1030-1031
4707:Iraq War
3659:Iraq War
2873:22998871
2836:(2009).
2811:(2002).
2789:(2000).
2680:86232954
2651:(2005).
2203:Delfi.lt
1861:(2002).
1711:Smolensk
1679:szlachta
1507:Smolensk
1290:Smolensk
1225:Toropets
1215:Smolensk
1200:Smolensk
1195:Smolensk
1069:Novgorod
1000:Nyasvizh
988:pillaged
957:Starodub
941:mediator
933:Smolensk
848:Volhynia
832:Toropets
804:Ivan III
776:Smolensk
746:Vedrosha
677:Catholic
661:Serpeysk
657:Lyubutsk
598:Ivan III
545:Vasily I
518:Lyubutsk
462:Algirdas
349:campaign
322:Mozhaysk
302:Ivan III
90:2nd Kiev
4582:,
4580:history
4471:on the
3835:Bohemia
1756:Gallery
1746:Polotsk
1742:Livonia
1715:Severia
1707:Polatsk
1700:Tallinn
1659:Denmark
1651:Livonia
1614:in the
1600:Ivan IV
1534:by the
1530:Gained
1463:to the
1461:Yedisan
1441:Podolia
1390:Vitebsk
1367:Shuisky
1354:Ivan IV
1305:Severia
1253:in 1514
1235:Polotsk
1230:Opochka
1210:Polotsk
1205:Vitebsk
1125:Krychaw
1004:Vilnius
986:armies
965:volosts
852:Podolia
820:Bryansk
812:Hungary
669:Mosalsk
653:Mtsensk
620:in the
458:Severia
396:removed
381:sources
312:of the
3612:(1941)
3593:(1923)
3531:(1812)
3489:(1794)
3398:(1651)
3383:(1638)
3377:(1637)
3352:(1630)
3346:(1625)
3322:(1619)
3310:(1606)
3302:(1610)
3268:(1605)
3170:(1508)
3092:(1422)
3086:(1414)
2938:, and
2914:
2895:
2871:
2850:
2821:
2797:
2775:
2749:
2719:
2698:
2678:
2659:
2637:
2612:, v.6
2608:
2510:, v.5
2506:
2001:, v.3
1997:
1965:
1934:130622
1932:
1924:
1871:
1848:
1827:Polish
1801:homage
1663:Sweden
1394:Velizh
1386:Sebezh
1333:Ryazan
1123:, and
1117:Slutsk
1077:Ryazan
1075:, and
1064:yarlıq
1041:(1903)
998:, and
996:Kletsk
992:Slutsk
850:, and
836:Putivl
834:, and
824:Vyazma
686:Helena
673:Vyazma
663:, and
549:Sophia
470:Moscow
2758:(PDF)
2735:(PDF)
1930:JSTOR
1892:Notes
1671:Narva
1459:Lost
1379:Gomel
1220:Orsha
1133:Orsha
1129:Mazyr
1113:Minsk
1109:Turov
1073:Pskov
1059:Kazan
925:Pskov
764:Pskov
569:Pskov
514:]
504:]
493:]
67:'
2912:ISBN
2893:ISBN
2869:OCLC
2848:ISBN
2819:ISBN
2795:ISBN
2773:ISBN
2747:ISSN
2717:ISBN
2696:ISBN
2676:LCCN
2657:ISBN
2635:ISBN
2606:ISBN
2504:ISBN
1995:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1922:ISSN
1869:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1744:and
1667:Riga
1571:1583
1558:1582
1542:1569
1524:1561
1513:1537
1497:1522
1484:1503
1471:1494
1451:1485
1431:1430
1420:1429
1409:Year
456:and
379:any
377:cite
318:Kiev
304:and
268:The
257:1939
217:1812
207:1794
202:1792
152:1508
127:1180
117:1135
107:1092
85:1018
80:1022
2048:doi
1955:doi
1914:doi
1618:.
1037:by
390:by
320:to
280:or
75:981
4748::
2934:,
2846:.
2745:.
2743:23
2741:.
2737:.
2595:^
2562:^
2474:^
2417:^
2378:^
2337:^
2325:^
2293:^
2197:.
2171:^
2159:^
2147:^
2135:^
2123:^
2096:^
2081:^
2060:^
2032:^
1961:.
1928:.
1920:.
1910:46
1908:.
1829::
1673:.
1335:.
1319:,
1119:,
1115:,
1094:,
1086:,
1079:.
1071:,
994:,
971:.
955:,
951:,
846:,
830:,
826:,
822:,
659:,
655:,
647:,
524:.
512:ru
502:ru
491:ru
476:,
460:.
3694:e
3687:t
3680:v
2967:e
2960:t
2953:v
2920:.
2901:.
2875:.
2856:.
2827:.
2803:.
2781:.
2725:.
2704:.
2682:.
2665:.
2643:.
2205:.
2054:.
2050::
1971:.
1957::
1936:.
1916::
1877:.
1854:.
1172:e
1165:t
1158:v
723:e
716:t
709:v
417:)
411:(
406:)
402:(
398:.
384:.
42:e
35:t
28:v
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