45:
1142:
412:
248:
380:
in 272 AD, although it is not known with certainty how much of the original buildings existed at the time. Scattered references in later sources suggest that another comparable institution was established in the 4th century at a different location, but little is known about its organisation and it is
358:
Despite the fact that the
Mouseion continued as an institution under Roman rule, it never regained its former glory. Membership of the Mouseion was not limited to prominent scholars under the Roman emperors but included politicians, athletes, and other people rewarded for their support to the state.
303:
According to this description, the
Mouseion featured a roofed walkway, an arcade of seats, and a communal dining room where scholars routinely ate and shared ideas. The building may have also hosted private study rooms, residential quarters, and lecture halls, based on
506:
The members of the
Mouseion ensured the preservation and production of historical, literary, and scientific works, which would remain part of the Western heritage for centuries, and thanks to their efforts today one can still read Homer and the tragedians.
308:
that were built much later in
Alexandria. However, it is unclear if the premises provided accommodations for anatomical research or astronomical observations. In addition to the Library of Alexandria, another smaller library was housed in the nearby
211:
It is uncertain how many scholars lived in the
Mouseion at any given time, as surviving reports are few and rather brief. Nonetheless, it appears that scholars and staff members were salaried by the State and paid no taxes. According to
375:
The last known references to the old
Mouseion still functioning occur in the 260s AD. The Brucheion, the complex of palaces and gardens that included the Mouseion, was probably destroyed by fire on the orders of Emperor
335:, at a time of territorial losses and political turmoil in Egypt, most intellectuals were either killed or expelled from the city, including the last recorded head librarian of the Library of Alexandria,
524:, it denoted as much a community of scholars brought together under one roof as it did the collections themselves. French and English writers often referred to these collections originally as a "
1496:
1506:
161:(309–246 BC) saw to its completion. As a community gathered together under the protection of the Muses, the Mouseion remained supported over the centuries by the
416:
1511:
1566:
1526:
180:, the Mouseion of Alexandria did not have a collection of sculpture and painting presented as works of art, as was assembled by the Ptolemies' rival
983:
Majcherek, G. (2018). 'Crumbs from the table'-archeological remains of
Hellenistic Alexandria. In C. S. Zerefos & M. V. Vardinoyannis (Eds.),
1501:
1491:
223:
and other similar activities took place there. In addition to Greek works, some foreign texts were translated from
Egyptian, Assyrian, Persian,
1056:
239:
forward, exist in editions that were collated and corrected by the scholars assembled in the
Mouseion and the Library of Alexandria.
639:
1147:, Quattuor Lustra: Papers celebrating the 20th anniversary of the re-establishment of classical studies at the University of Tartu
343:
and other
Byzantine sources do not mention any further directors after him, albeit four obscure 'caretakers' are mentioned in an
1212:
1126:
1066:
726:
666:
618:
492:
Aristarchus of Samothrace, arguably the greatest grammarian of antiquity, who invented conventional signs nowadays used in
125:
reputedly established their Mouseion and Library with the intention of bringing together some of the best scholars of the
890:
502:, known as βιβλιολάθας (“Book-Forgetting”), who reportedly composed more than 4,000 commentaries on classical authors.
1531:
1521:
825:
1298:
1269:
Lee, Paula Young, "The Musaeum of Alexandria and the formation of the 'Museum' in eighteenth-century France," in
432:, during the passage from a predominantly oral to a more literary culture. The scholars gathered there included:
486:
1556:
1551:
129:
and collect all the books known at the time. Although it did not imply a collection of works of art, the word
1516:
693:
The Ancient Library of Alexandria. A Model for Classical Scholarship in the Age of Million Book Libraries 1
197:
44:
805:
763:.4 (December 2002:348-362) p. 348. We rely instead on the self-confident but unreliable Byzantine scholar
1571:
533:
352:
574:
The relation of the institutions is still a matter of debate. The Mouseion is discussed by P.M. Fraser,
1541:
1546:
529:
336:
102:, often related to the study of music or poetry, but later associated with sites of learning such as
701:
481:
and a polymath, who worked on literary criticism, philosophy, geography, and mathematics (e.g., his
1576:
1470:
228:
189:
126:
339:, who supposedly was forced to resign his position in 145 BC and died in exile a few years later.
546:
158:
91:
31:
17:
696:
525:
326:
310:
67:
1115:
Hatzimichali, M. (2013). König, J.; Oikonomopoulou, A.; Oikonomopoulou, K.; Woolf, G. (eds.).
849:
259:
described the Mouseion as part of a bigger, richly decorated campus of buildings and gardens:
482:
478:
395:
as "the man from the Mouseion," but it is not clear what connection he actually had with it.
201:
188:. Instead, it was an institution of learning that attracted some of the best scholars of the
83:
1081:
600:
499:
462:
332:
205:
8:
1291:
1143:
Did it burn or not? Caesar and the Great Library of Alexandria: a new look at the sources
456:
382:
185:
149:, the Mouseion was an institution founded by Ptolemy I Soter (c. 367 BC – c. 283 BC) at
1536:
1037:
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115:
52:
38:
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953:
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941:
869:
821:
732:
722:
662:
614:
493:
219:
Based on extant works of scholars associated with the Mouseion, it seems likely that
122:
1058:
Herophilus: The Art of Medicine in Early Alexandria: Edition, Translation and Essays
602:
The Forgotten Revolution: How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why It Had to Be Reborn
1422:
1412:
1013:
937:
861:
813:
764:
753:
752:
There is no ancient source for the founding either of the Library or the Mouseion,
606:
537:
411:
396:
340:
224:
146:
107:
1202:
1116:
363:
added an additional building in the first century AD, and much later the emperor
181:
87:
403:
both speak of a physical space known as the "Mouseion" in the late 5th century.
30:"Temple of the Muses" redirects here. For the novel by John Maddox Roberts, see
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400:
75:
817:
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166:
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The Arab Conquest of Egypt – And the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion
925:
865:
247:
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898:
474:
1427:
736:
355:
in 47 BC, parts of the library collection caught fire and were destroyed.
1392:
1351:
516:
467:
436:
381:
unlikely to have had the resources of its predecessor. The mathematician
305:
177:
134:
1346:
716:
428:
The Ptolemies founded the original Mouseion at a time of transition in
150:
439:, a poet and the first to publish a comprehensive book catalogue (the
347:, and an inscription from the 80s BC speaks of a certain Onesander of
1449:
1382:
1341:
452:
448:
364:
162:
111:
317:), which may have been open to people other than Mouseion scholars.
1397:
1321:
1250:
The Library of Alexandria: Centre of learning in the ancient world,
377:
360:
351:
being appointed to the Library. There are reports that, during the
656:
1331:
550:
441:
386:
314:
295:(assembly) has property in common and a priest in charge of the
1407:
1402:
1361:
1002:"Archaeological Work on Hellenistic and Roman Egypt, 2000–2009"
554:
541:
521:
348:
256:
236:
213:
173:
165:
of the royal family of the Ptolemies, and later by that of the
718:
Aristotle's school; a study of a Greek educational institution
1417:
1377:
1336:
1307:
776:
The Ptolemaic dynasty displayed these in their palace nearby.
232:
216:, they also received free room and board, and free servants.
154:
103:
99:
48:
1443:
1326:
810:
The Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran and the Concept of a Library
455:
of the Library of Alexandria, who laid the foundations for
391:
1084:, "Tradition's Destruction: On the Library of Alexandria"
227:, and other languages. Many of the edited versions of the
1497:
Buildings and structures completed in the 3rd century BC
1276:
1257:
The life and fate of the ancient library of Alexandria,
1507:
Buildings and structures demolished in the 3rd century
580:
The Life and Fate of the Ancient Library of Alexandria
1234:
City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria
1189:
City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria
1160:
City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria
661:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
385:(ca. 335 – ca. 405), father of the philosopher
367:
temporarily suspended Mouseion membership in 216 AD.
299:, formerly appointed by the kings, but now by Caesar.
27:
Hellenistic educational and philosophical institution
1264:
The Vanished Library: A Wonder of the Ancient World,
926:"The Alexandrian Library: crucible of a renaissance"
578:(1972: vol. I: 213–219 etc), and Mostafa el-Addabi,
549:: or, a Collection of Rarities. Preserved at South-
510:As an institution dedicated to the Muses, the word
1092:, Obsolescence (Spring 2002: 133–1530 esp. p. 140.
806:"Greek and Roman Libraries in the Hellenistic Age"
86:, was an institution said to have been founded by
758:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
528:." A catalogue of the 17th century collection of
417:Ptolemy Philadelphus in the Library of Alexandria
251:A map of Alexandria at the time of the Ptolemies.
1483:
283:(dining hall), in which the common table of the
465:, epic poet and author of the ground-breaking
255:In the first century AD, the Greek geographer
1292:
999:
133:is the root for the modern usage of the word
1114:
721:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1228:
1226:
1224:
1183:
1181:
1121:. Cambridge University Press. p. 173.
850:"The Alexandrian Library and its Aftermath"
756:notes, in "Alexandria: Library of Dreams",
1512:270s disestablishments in the Roman Empire
1299:
1285:
1162:, page 148. University of California Press
1054:
974:17.1.8, noted by Bagnall 2002: 57 note 39.
767:' remarks in an introduction to Aristotle.
690:
176:in the sense that has developed since the
98:meant any place that was dedicated to the
700:
1567:Burned buildings and structures in Egypt
1527:Former buildings and structures in Egypt
1236:, p. 150. University of California Press
1221:
1191:, p. 147. University of California Press
1178:
1152:
410:
246:
51:statue, a common scholarly motif in the
43:
923:
14:
1502:3rd-century disestablishments in Egypt
1492:3rd-century BC establishments in Egypt
1484:
1200:
1194:
847:
654:
514:became the source for the modern word
1280:
995:
993:
919:
917:
915:
885:
883:
843:
841:
839:
837:
803:
799:
797:
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598:
748:
746:
686:
684:
682:
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634:
632:
630:
594:
592:
590:
588:
487:measure of the Earth's circumference
1201:Butler, Alfred J. (November 2008).
1000:Bagnall, R. S.; Davoli, P. (2011).
389:, is described in the 10th century
24:
1242:
990:
912:
880:
834:
792:
196:puts it, "analogous to the modern
25:
1588:
1145:. In I. Volt & J. Päll (Eds.)
743:
675:
627:
585:
942:10.1097/00006123-200107000-00001
157:, though it is more likely that
1165:
1135:
1108:
1095:
1075:
1048:
1006:American Journal of Archaeology
977:
964:
271:(palace complex), possessing a
82:), which arguably included the
1061:. Cambridge University Press.
779:
770:
708:
658:Aristotle: His Life and School
648:
568:
370:
13:
1:
691:Berti, M.; Costa, V. (2009),
562:
536:was the founding core of the
287:, men who are members of the
242:
198:Institute for Advanced Study
7:
1207:. Read Books. p. 411.
534:John Tradescant the Younger
279:(columned hall), and large
10:
1593:
1232:Edward Jay Watts, (2008),
1187:Edward Jay Watts, (2008),
1158:Edward Jay Watts, (2008),
1141:Nesselrath, H. G. (2012).
987:(pp. 71–85). Archaeopress.
324:
320:
140:
71:
36:
29:
1436:
1370:
1314:
1306:
1105:(Vol. 1), p. 333. Oxford.
818:10.1163/9789004305069_005
611:10.1007/978-3-642-18904-3
530:John Tradescant the Elder
406:
337:Aristarchus of Samothrace
333:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II
231:that we know today, from
72:Μουσεῖον τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας
1532:History museums in Egypt
1522:Defunct museums in Egypt
1471:Muses in popular culture
1055:von Staden, H. (1989).
924:Chapman, P. H. (2001).
866:10.1179/lib.1999.15.1.5
547:Musaeum Tradescantianum
483:sieve for prime numbers
477:, head librarian under
159:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
94:. Originally, the word
92:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
32:The Temple of the Muses
1101:Fraser, P. M. (1972).
1034:10.3764/aja.115.1.0103
1018:10.3764/aja.115.1.0103
985:Hellenistic Alexandria
544:. It was published as
526:cabinet of curiosities
475:Eratosthenes of Cyrene
425:
327:Serapeum of Alexandria
301:
252:
79:
56:
1557:Library of Alexandria
1552:Museums in Alexandria
715:Lynch, J. P. (1972).
500:Didymos of Alexandria
479:Ptolemy III Euergetes
414:
261:
250:
84:Library of Alexandria
47:
37:For the journal, see
1517:Ptolemaic Alexandria
1255:El-Abbadi, Mostafa,
1103:Ptolemaic Alexandria
1082:Daniel Heller-Roazen
895:www.dailywriting.net
582:(Paris 1990: 84–90).
576:Ptolemaic Alexandria
463:Apollonius of Rhodes
345:Oxyrhynchus fragment
331:During the reign of
267:is also part of the
80:Musaeum Alexandrinum
1149:(pp. 56–74). Tartu.
848:Jochum, U. (1999).
655:Natali, C. (2013).
644:Liddell & Scott
383:Theon of Alexandria
353:Siege of Alexandria
291:, is located. This
186:Library of Pergamum
1572:History of museums
1262:Canfora, Luciano,
804:Berti, M. (2016).
599:Russo, L. (2004).
557:by John Tradescant
520:. In early modern
426:
422:Vincenzo Camuccini
306:similar structures
253:
221:literary criticism
172:Unlike the modern
57:
39:Mouseion (journal)
1542:Muses (mythology)
1479:
1478:
1271:The Art Bulletin,
1248:MacLeod, Roy M.,
1214:978-1-4437-2783-9
1128:978-1-107-01256-1
1118:Ancient Libraries
1068:978-0-521-23646-1
728:978-0-520-02194-5
668:978-1-4008-4600-9
620:978-3-540-20068-0
494:critical editions
457:Homeric philology
206:Collège de France
190:Hellenistic world
127:Hellenistic world
16:(Redirected from
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1547:Types of museums
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897:. Archived from
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754:Roger S. Bagnall
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538:Ashmolean Museum
397:Zacharias Rhetor
341:Johannes Tzetzes
147:Johannes Tzetzes
73:
21:
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