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became associated with the idea of the ruler's personal counsellor or advisor on military matters, and as such became the highest rank in Arab countries and the
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The rank of Mushir in Iraq is known as "Muhib" and is used in all official and unofficial addresses. Saddam
Hussein as commander-in-chief of the
452:
As an official title, it historically indicates a personal advisor to the ruler. In this use it is roughly comparable to the
European titles of
2261:
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1727:
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1618:
554:), or "staff general". (Hussein never actually served in the Iraqi Army but commanded as ruler of Iraq.) After Hussein's fall in the
521:. A Mushir was the most senior of all naval officers and the rank was rarely bestowed. The sleeve insignia was the same as a British
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538:) in the Iraqi army, and the uniform which he typically wore was that of a staff muhib. He was the only muhib in the
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1193:. Area Handbook (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 226–227.
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481:, for armies, navies, and air forces. It is therefore equivalent to the ranks of
445:) is an Arabic word meaning "counsellor" or "advisor". It is related to the word
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1102:"FACTBOX: Egypt's longest-serving defence minister Mohamed Hussein Tantawy"
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1252:(in Arabic). Republic of Sudan Ministry of Defence. Archived from
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1130:"Egypt's General Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi promoted Field Marshal"
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473:. It is used as the highest rank in most armed forces of the
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570:, the rank of Mushir is typically held ceremonially by the
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1183:
Kechichian, Joseph A. (1990). "National
Security". In
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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16:Highest rank in most militaries of the Middle East
574:, and translated as "First class Field Marshal".
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1619:Marshal of the German Democratic Republic
515:maintained a fleet admiral rank known as
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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125:Military ranks of the Ottoman Empire
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1226:(in Arabic). Jordanian Armed Forces
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931:Royal Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia
276:Historical military ranks of Egypt
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532:was an honorary "staff muhib" (
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1011:Republic of Yemen Armed Forces
1:
1164:. Ministry of Defense (Egypt)
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901:Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces
2210:. You can help Knowledge by
2153:. You can help Knowledge by
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1158:"Ranks of Military Officers"
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1248:[Military ranks].
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1222:[Officer ranks].
703:(1927–1981): Posthumously
641:King Abdullah I of Jordan
609:Horatio Herbert Kitchener
223:Non-commissioned officers
2267:Arabic words and phrases
1911:Marshal of the air force
1873:Supreme Allied Commander
1663:Supreme Allied Commander
1594:Marshal of the air force
1519:General of the Air Force
724:(born 1954): Active duty
717:(1935–2021): Active duty
710:(1930–2008): Active duty
708:Abd al-Halim Abu Ghazala
689:Fouad Mohamed Abou Zikry
685:(1921–2003): Active duty
679:(1917–1974): Active duty
672:(1919–1967): Active duty
2257:Military ranks of Egypt
1377:Domestic of the Schools
715:Mohamed Hussein Tantawi
492:
463:In a military context,
2149:–related article is a
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1624:Field marshal (Uganda)
1303:Highest military ranks
841:Jordanian Armed Forces
655:King Hussein of Jordan
2115:Marshal of Yugoslavia
1883:General of the Armies
1524:General of the Armies
1190:Iraq: a country study
951:Sudanese Armed Forces
781:Egyptian Armed Forces
751:Bahrain Defence Force
697:(1920–1999): Honorary
691:(1923–1983): Honorary
556:2003 invasion of Iraq
2206:or appointment is a
2057:Strategos autokrator
1890:Generalfeldmarschall
1530:Generalfeldmarschall
1483:Admiral of the fleet
1110:. September 21, 2021
722:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
683:Abdel Ghani Elgamasy
616:Sultan Hussein Kamel
523:Admiral of the Fleet
499:Field marshal (Iraq)
487:Admiral of the Fleet
43:improve this article
2277:Military rank stubs
1986:Constable of France
1878:Admiral of the Navy
1868:of the Soviet Union
1737:Star officer grades
1488:Admiral of the Navy
1372:Constable of France
1256:on 19 November 2019
1055:Royal Egyptian Army
981:Syrian Armed Forces
871:Libyan Armed Forces
653:21 February 1955 –
628:'Aziz 'Ali al-Misri
614:20 December 1914 –
603:Yahya Mansur Yeghen
591:Abbas I Hilmi Pasha
458:Counsellor of State
2202:This article on a
1185:Metz, Helen Chapin
1138:. January 27, 2014
811:Iraqi Armed Forces
720:27 January 2014 –
695:Mohammed Aly Fahmy
530:Iraqi Armed Forces
507:under the rule of
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2005:Grand marshal
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1767:By star ranks
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99:November 2021
91:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2212:expanding it
2201:
2155:expanding it
2144:
1998:Dux bellorum
1925:
1781:
1753:Flag officer
1688:
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1674:
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1383:Dux bellorum
1381:
1364:
1357:
1345:
1321:Flag officer
1258:. Retrieved
1254:the original
1249:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1223:
1220:"رتب الضباط"
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1189:
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
1161:
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1133:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1105:
1096:
1069:Ottoman Army
1009:
979:
949:
930:
899:
869:
839:
809:
779:
749:
701:Ahmed Badawi
648:King Fuad II
568:Saudi Arabia
565:
562:Saudi Arabia
551:فريق اول ركن
527:
502:
479:North Africa
462:
451:
430:
429:
290:
140:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2147:Middle East
1758:Air officer
1628:Yugoslavia
1501:Dayuanshuai
1326:Air officer
1250:mod.gov.sd/
1224:jaf.mil.jo/
1142:October 11,
1114:October 11,
657:(1935–1999)
650:(born 1952)
643:(1882–1951)
636:(1920–1965)
634:King Farouk
630:(1879–1965)
624:(1868–1936)
622:King Fuad I
618:(1853–1917)
611:(1850–1916)
605:(1837–1913)
599:(1789–1848)
593:(1813–1854)
475:Middle East
308:Fariq awwal
213:Kol Aghassi
2251:Categories
2098:Yuan shuai
2071:Dai-gensui
1970:Ispahsalar
1782:(proposed)
1508:Dai-gensui
1414:Megas doux
1400:Ispahsalar
1359:Autokrator
1204:20 October
1162:mod.gov.eg
1088:References
744:Air Force
540:Iraqi Army
513:Iraqi Navy
69:newspapers
1979:Beylerbey
1847:By titles
1683:Yuanshuai
1425:Rigsmarsk
1420:Polemarch
1394:Imperator
1366:Beylerbey
2080:Taewonsu
2048:Serasker
1943:Caudillo
1669:Taewonsu
1454:Sparapet
1436:Serasker
1199:89013940
1135:Al-Ahram
1107:Al-Ahram
1076:See also
1041:Historic
535:مهيب ركن
361:Muqaddam
353:Bimbashi
344:Qaimaqam
335:Amiralay
281:Officers
195:Kaymakam
131:Officers
58:"Mushir"
2122:Marshal
1961:Spāhbed
1904:Mareşal
1690:Marshal
1642:Marshal
1583:Mareşal
1577:Marshal
1551:Marshal
1449:Spahbed
1335:Ancient
1230:12 June
1187:(ed.).
713:1993 –
706:1982 –
639:1949 –
204:Binbaşı
186:Miralay
177:Mirliva
83:scholar
2039:Sardar
2012:Hetman
1928:Mushir
1836:
1825:
1814:
1803:
1792:
1778:
1650:Mushir
1472:Modern
1459:Hetman
1443:Shōgun
1430:Sardar
1353:Ataman
1260:1 July
1197:
1168:30 May
518:Mushir
511:, the
466:mushir
439:Arabic
433:Mushir
390:Askari
380:Others
300:Sirdar
291:Mushir
158:Serdar
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2145:This
2089:Wonsu
1934:Müşir
1676:Wonsu
741:Navy
738:Army
447:shura
317:Fariq
233:Çavuş
168:Ferik
141:Müşir
90:JSTOR
76:books
2208:stub
2151:stub
1494:Aluf
1262:2021
1232:2021
1206:2021
1195:LCCN
1170:2021
1144:2021
1116:2021
505:Iraq
493:Iraq
485:and
477:and
456:and
443:مشير
370:Sagh
326:Liwa
62:news
566:In
503:In
460:.
45:by
2253::
2113:/
2100:/
1160:.
1132:.
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525:.
489:.
441::
357:,
304:,
2239:e
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548:(
437:(
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262:e
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154:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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