635:
sold for online distance learning. The performance or display must be made under the direction of the instructor and directly related to, and in aid of, what is being taught: it cannot be used as a pretext for transmission of other works. Nondramatic literary or musical works may be performed in their entirety. For other works, such as display of a film or painting, the performance must be "reasonable and limited." The exemption applies only to distance learning that is part of scheduled classes. Works that are simply posted by an instructor would not be protected. The educational institution must meet certain additional conditions. It must provide information to faculty, students, and relevant staff members describing US copyright law and promoting compliance. For digital transmissions, the institution must take reasonable steps to prevent unauthorized retention or further distribution of copies of the work such as not interfering with any technological means the copyright owner may have used to prevent copying.
647:, after deducting for reasonable expenses the proceeds are used exclusively for educational, religious, or charitable purposes. The last condition may not be met if the copyright owner has objected by serving written notice to the performing organization which conforms to requirements outlined in the statute. A performance by a non-profit may be recorded and the recording may be privately shared. But posting the recording on a public service such as YouTube constitutes "transmission" within the terms of the statute. The recording is "transmitted" when it is posted, whether or not anyone ever plays it. This is not a trivial consideration. Popular cell phone apps, such as Shazam, and other readily available programs make it possible to automate identification of music posted on public sites.
77:
592:, which would ordinarily require a separate license. The derivative work is itself copyrighted, but if the original work is under copyright, then permission of both the composition's rightsholder and of the arrangement's rightsholder is needed before performance, distribution, or recording is planned. An arrangement of a traditional song or piece of music will be protected by copyright even if the original piece is in the public domain. For instance, ASCAP has over 40 arrangements of Beethoven's "
165:
36:
651:
reception of a public transmission on a single receiving apparatus of a kind commonly used in the home if no direct charge is made and the performance is not further transmitted to the public. Very specific limitations are outlined in the statute, such as number of loudspeakers permitted and square footage of the establishment.
415:). Part of the fee paid for the service is used to cover licensing costs. Except in very narrowly defined circumstances, noted below under the "small business exception" in 17 USC 110, a business, restaurant, or store that plays radio broadcasts or shows television programs in the premises does not pay a licensing fee.
624:
Paragraph 3 applies to performance or display in religious settings as part of a worship service. Paragraph 4 applies to non-dramatic literary or musical works (but not plays or video) performed by non-profit groups such as a community band or orchestra. Paragraph 5 is the "small business" exemption.
445:
In 2012, both BMI and ASCAP introduced a new type of blanket license for political-based events such as campaign rallies called a "Political
Entities License". While similar to the blanket license for broadcast of pre-recorded music at large public events, it gives the artists the ability to disallow
407:
Broadcasting, in the context of music licensing, means the playback of recorded or live music for groups of people beyond what might be normally expected in a social setting. Legal claims are filed frequently against bookstores, bars, and live music venues that broadcast music without first obtaining
755:
in silence for fear of copyright infringement. The video performance of Girl Scouts silently dancing made its way onto mainstream news, bringing attention to ASCAP's demands. ASCAP deemed the Girl Scouts to be engaging in "public performance" of the copyrighted works. Public performances are defined
552:
Live public performances of musical works are typically licensed in the United States, as "public performances" is one of the six "exclusive rights" listed in 17 USC 106. In the U.S., the owner of a bar, cafe, or restaurant who wants to have live music played in their establishment, commonly obtains
473:
When a song is cleared for usage on a TV show, historically to save money, the clearance typically applies only to TV airings of the show in question. Thus, when the show is considered for DVD distribution to the home video market, the rights to the song must be renegotiated in order for the song in
337:
In the U.S., ASCAP and BMI hire field agents to monitor public performances. The field agents may act as agents for the organization, negotiating a fee for a blanket license, but individuals may negotiate directly with the organization. The fee may be presented on a take-it-or-leave-it basis, but in
737:
reported, "Among the 256 Girl Scout camps on its list, 16 ." In March 1996, ASCAP sent letters to the Girl Scouts to pay copyright fees for campfire songs written or published by ASCAP sung in "public performance." ASCAP expected to be paid license fees for any of the 4 million songs included list
674:
Paragraph 11 permits muting or skipping limited portions of the audio or video portions of a motion picture which is transmitted to a household for private viewing. Creating or providing a computer program which facilitates muting or skipping is also permitted, provided no alteration is made in the
666:
A single performance of a dramatic literary work may be transmitted specifically for the blind or other handicapped persons if the work was published at least 10 years before the date of the performance, there is no direct or indirect commercial advantage, and the transmission is made through an FM
662:
A nondramatic literary work may be performed or transmitted to blind persons or other handicapped persons who are unable to read normal printed material, or to deaf or other handicapped persons who are unable to hear the aural signals accompanying a transmission of visual signals if the performance
365:
created in 1886. In the U.S., for works created in 1977 and after the work is protected by copyright when it is "fixed in any tangible medium of expression," without the need to register it with the US Copyright Office. A work must be registered, however, before a copyright owner may bring suit for
360:
has five exclusive rights: reproduction (copying), preparing derivative works (adaptation), distributing copies to the public, performing the work publicly, and displaying the work in public. Prior to 1886, no effective international law of copyright existed. The first major international copyright
670:
The performance of a nondramatic literary or musical work in the course of a social function organized and promoted by a nonprofit veterans’ organization or a nonprofit fraternal organization is exempt. Social functions of college or university sororities or fraternities are not included under the
642:
Section 110 (4) creates an exemption for non-profit groups for performance of a nondramatic literary or musical work (but not a play or an opera) if four conditions are met: 1) the work may be performed but may not be transmitted to the public, 2) none of the performers, organizers, or promoters
634:
Paragraph 2 creates a similar exemption for distance learning. A work may be performed or displayed through transmission to students enrolled in a course, or to government employees as part of their duties, without requiring a performance license. The exemption does not apply to works produced and
267:
the right, granted by the copyright holder or his/her agent, for the broadcast, recreation, or performance of a copyrighted work. Types of licensing contracts can include: 1) a flat fee for a defined period of usage, or 2) royalty payments determined by the number of copies of the work sold or the
623:
Section 110 sets out eleven situations in which performance of a work, including broadcast, "are not infringements of copyright" The major exemptions are outlined in paragraphs 1 to 5. Paragraphs 1 and 2 cover face-to-face instruction, or "distance learning," in non-profit educational settings.
329:
for licensing recordings and music videos. The companies license public performance on a nonexclusive basis of the music they own or hold under contract using a complex weighting formula to distribute the fees to the respective rights holders. The license may be a blanket license, but individual
650:
Paragraph 5 is the "small business exemption," which allows bars, cafes, and restaurants to play the radio or show television programming as "background" in their business. It does not authorize playing recorded music such as using a CD player, or live musical performances. The exemption covers
614:
In spite of folk wisdom to the contrary, there is no "three second rule" for copying or sampling recorded music. There is no rule that "four notes" can be copied without penalty. Instances under the fair use exception might include criticism or comment. Criticism need not be negative: if a jazz
568:
The
Association for Concert Bands (ACB) offers a blanket license to community bands that covers both ASCAP and BMI lists. At the end of the year, a community band completes a spreadsheet showing how often each song was played during the year, which the ACB submits to the rights organizations.
704:
agreed to settle a class action lawsuit brought to challenge these fees. After mediation, Warner's payments would total more than $ 14 million to the "thousands of people and entities" who had paid licensing fees to use the song since 1949, plus $ 4.6 million to attorneys for the plaintiffs.
422:, which can vary based on the size of the audience, value of the advertising revenues, and amount and nature of music usage. As part of the license contract a radio station may conduct periodic audits of the music being played, with the audit results submitted to the licensing bulk.
286:
the public performance of a musical piece, whether live or recorded, performed by the original artist or someone else, whether the performance keeps to the original version or is adapted or changed in some manner. Playing a music CD (or tape, etc.) in public is "performing" the
268:
total revenues acquired as a result of its distribution. In addition to a basic fee, most music licensing agreements require additional payments to the copyright owner when the work in which it is included (movie, play) is financially successful above a certain threshold.
397:
as a separate legal entity to hold the rights to their work. Continued use of the, now somewhat anachronistic, term "publisher" reflects the state of media at the time of the Berne
Convention, when all music distribution was done on paper as sheet music or player piano
477:
If the process of clearing the rights to the song is prohibitively expensive for the home video distributor, or clearance is rejected by the copyright holders of the original song, the affected song is either replaced with a similar one (such as a rerecording or a
474:
question to be included on the DVD. Most producers/production companies now include the rights for DVDs or "all media now known or hereafter devised," which assures production companies of the right to re-release without incurring additional licensing fees.
584:
In general, someone who plans to perform a piece of music publicly will obtain a "public performance" license from the rightsholder (often the music publisher). Purchasing a copy of the sheet music does not itself usually provide public performance rights.
663:
is made without any purpose of direct or indirect commercial advantage and the transmission is made through the facilities of a governmental body, a non-commercial educational broadcast station, a "subcarrier" of an FM broadcast station or a cable system.
349:
music that is covered under a prior agreement allowing distribution and legal use under specific circumstances. The license may be for use in film, video, television (commercials and programs), Internet, events in live venues, video games and multimedia
638:
Paragraph 3 creates an exemption for performance of nondramatic literary works, musical works, or dramatico-musical works of a religious nature, or display of a work, as part of religious services at a place of worship or religious assembly.
615:
soloist quotes a phrase from a well-known solo by another player, it might be viewed as an homage. Music sampling has been aggressively pursued by copyright holders as a form of "free riding" but might be interpreted as a transformative use.
482:), or the footage containing the copyrighted song is edited out. In a few cases, TV shows, with extensive use of copyrighted music whose cost of "after-market" licensing is high, are withheld from release on DVD; notable examples include
425:
Broadcasting pre-recorded music at live events at outlets larger than stores or restaurants, such as stadiums, arenas, or parks, is covered under United States
Copyright Law through a "blanket license" that obtained from one of the
630:
A film shown as part of a fundraiser, or a film series might not qualify as "face-to-face teaching activities." Instruction given to corporate or government employees would not qualify as a "nonprofit educational institution."
658:
A public vending establishment may perform nondramatic musical works to promote the sale of copies of the work if there is no admission charge. The performance may not be transmitted beyond the immediate area the sale occurs.
654:
A governmental body, or a nonprofit agricultural or horticultural organization, may perform nondramatic musical works in the course of an annual agricultural or horticultural fair without obtaining a performance license.
252:. Music licensing is intended to ensure that the owners of copyrights on musical works are compensated for certain uses of their work. A purchaser has limited rights to use the work without a separate agreement.
1146:
611:"infringements", based on consideration of factors such as how the original work was used, the nature of the original work, how much of it was used, and if the original rightsholder suffered economic harm.
372:
generally speaking, with royalty free music, the copyright owner has either waived their right to collect royalties, or have waived their right to collect additional royalties in exchange for an upfront
627:
A performance license need not be obtained if the work is performed or displayed "by instructors or pupils in the course of face-to-face teaching activities of a nonprofit educational institution."
321:(SESAC), and La Asociación de Compositores y Editores de Música Latinoamericana (The Association of Composers and Publishers of Latin American Music, ACEMLA), In the United Kingdom, the
362:
339:
1318:
948:; Retrieved Jan. 5, 2015. A less flattering view of the practices of such organizations can be found in Harvey Reid, ASCAP & BMI – Protectors of Artists or Shadowy Thieves?
334:
Rights organizations sample radio and television broadcasts, offer blanket licenses to broadcasters, and investigate complaints to detect and prevent unauthorized performances.
756:
in
Section 101 of the Copyright Act as a performance "where a substantial number of persons outside of a normal circle of a family and its social acquaintances is gathered."
393:
for the purposes of copyright, a publisher is the owner of the copyrighted work. It is now standard practice for songwriters of even the slightest prominence to form a
418:
Radio stations pay fees to licensing bodies for nonexclusive rights to broadcast music. Radio stations and businesses typically pay a flat rate once a year, called a
301:, etc., to several listeners in a setting such as a bar or bookstore. (Using that definition and the previous one leads to phrases like 'live broadcast performance'.)
944:
For a discussion of the history of the origin and practices of ASCAP, see Jeff Lunden, Collecting Money for
Songwriters, A 100-Year Tug of War, NPR (Feb. 13, 2014);
1250:
17 U.S.C. § 110(5); Todd B. Tatelman, Copyright Law’s ‘Small
Business Exception": Public Performance Exemptions for Certain Establishments. CRS Report RS21107,
1044:
980:
442:
that are held by the PROs, and typically offered based on a per-attendee cost per song, paid to the PRO, which then distributes the royalties to the artists.
1150:, 585 F.3d 267 (6th Cir. 2009), in which the court rejected the "fair use" argument that the use of music sampling was an "homage" to the original recording.
733:
since 1973.) Girl Scout camps were included in the request, but only a small number of Girl Scout camps actually paid the $ 250 agreed upon yearly fee. The
1414:
1391:
106:
994:
381:
the licensing of musical works to be synchronized with moving pictures as background in a motion picture, television program, video, DVD, etc.
745:
published a frontpage article, "Ascap
Cautions the Girl Scouts: Don't Sing 'God Bless America,'" describing the scene at Diablo Day Camp in
1322:
565:, and SESAC have non-overlapping collections, a license from one entity does not provide a license to play music from the other entities.
411:
The music broadcast in grocery stores and elevators is a service purchased from one of many organizations that offer it (the largest is
387:
the licensing of the recording of a musical work to be performed as a soundtrack, bumper, lead-in or background to a motion picture.
945:
763:
ASCAP promised to reimburse any Girl Scout camp for the royalty fees that they may have paid. It was also reported that "in 1940
1010:
122:
1029:
607:
and the performances described under
Section 110 of the US copyright statute The fair use limitation defines uses that are
1460:
1087:
1041:
857:
225:
207:
146:
63:
531:
326:
98:
49:
847:
770:
By
September 1996, Girl Scout executives in New York said they believed "this unfortunate situation is resolved."
572:
Public performances of works in the context of dramatic works are separately licensed; these licenses are called "
174:
17:
981:"Justice Department Completes Review of ASCAP and BMI Consent Decrees, Proposing No Modifications at This Time"
789:
427:
304:
1251:
794:
643:
are paid, 3) there is no direct or indirect commercial advantage, and, 4) there is no admission charge,
1042:
Dark Skies - Press Release Includes Final Details, Bonus Material for 'The Declassified Complete Series'
909:
721:
to pay royalties for campfire songs sung at any of their 2300 camps, including popular singalong songs "
692:" is one of the best known songs in the world and generated over $ 2 million in royalties each year for
671:
exemption unless the social function is held solely to raise funds for a specific charitable purpose.
718:
1450:
1490:
1159:
Gary Rinkerman, Sampling Unleashed? Migrating Visual Art Fair Use Principles Into the Music Space.
111:
1495:
1470:
1455:
949:
597:
102:
1370:
759:
ASCAP quickly sent a press statement claiming that it never intended on receiving royalties and
946:
https://www.npr.org/2014/02/13/275920416/collecting-money-for-songwriters-a-100-year-tug-of-war
726:
376:
309:
large companies that hold performance rights for copyrighted musical works. The best-known are
178:
1475:
924:
767:
had donated all future royalties from "God Bless America" to the Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts."
1061:
746:
722:
701:
697:
693:
689:
558:
514:
431:
314:
1451:
The Lloyd Awards: awarded to directors who use licensed music in original and powerful ways
55:
189:
8:
540:
for that reason, but it was finally released on January 18, 2011 (4 years later) through
519:
87:
502:
439:
394:
91:
1124:
896:
853:
126:
1351:
1445:
1018:
799:
784:
593:
484:
115:
1007:
1173:
1120:
1048:
1014:
751:
589:
1465:
1419:
1396:
603:
In the United States, limitations and exceptions to performance rights include
541:
412:
1484:
764:
730:
322:
995:"Musicians can't always get what they want when politicians use their songs"
1030:
Dark Skies - Sony Shelves Dark Skies DVDs Due to Music Costs, Producer Says
700:
could not prove that it held a copyright to the song. On February 8, 2016,
573:
490:
819:
1252:
http://www.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/crsreports/crsdocuments/rs21107.pdf
561:
to play copyright music listed in their catalogues. Because ASCAP, BMI,
508:
479:
463:
260:
The following words and phrases appear in discussion of music licensing:
1229:
In re Cellco Partnership, SDNY 2009, 663 F.Supp.2d 363, 92 USPQ 2d 1113.
185:
1371:"This Song Belongs to You and Me | Electronic Frontier Foundation"
761:
has never brought nor threatened to bring suit against the Girl Scouts.
675:
content, and provided no fixed copy of the altered version is created.
536:
496:
455:
298:
294:
729:". ("This Land Is Your Land" was later determined to have been in the
1319:"'Happy Birthday to You' Belongs to Everyone Now | Investopedia"
779:
717:(the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers) ordered
357:
246:
1160:
604:
363:
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
1088:"Music Licensing for Bars and Restaurants: What You Need to Know"
242:
1352:"Ascap Cautions the Girl Scouts: Don't Sing 'God Bless America'"
950:
http://www.woodpecker.com/writing/essays/royalty-politics.html
678:
588:
Developing one's own arrangement of the music is considered a
714:
562:
554:
526:
459:
435:
318:
310:
293:
playing live or recorded works, including radio, television,
249:
530:, some of which were eventually released after long delays.
340:
Federal District Court in the Southern District of New York
1238:
1100:
849:
Kohn on music licensing - Al Kohn, Bob Kohn - Google Books
882:
467:
446:
the use of their music for specific political functions.
109:
and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
821:
Money for Something: Music Licensing in the 21st Century
1415:"Ascap Asks Royalties From Girl Scouts, and Regrets It"
1392:"Ascap Asks Royalties From Girl Scouts, and Regrets It"
1409:
1407:
696:, until September 2015, when a U.S. judge ruled that
338:
case of disagreement, the fee may be appealed to the
311:
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
683:
1404:
1384:
1350:
827:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
534:cancelled the planned October 2007 DVD release of
1125:http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#110
280:the person or entity to whom the work is licensed
1482:
356:literally, 'the right to copy.' The owner of a
319:Society of European Stage Authors and Composers
1174:https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/110
1147:Bridgeport Music, Inc. v. UMG Recordings, Inc.
1121:https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/110
667:radio subcarrier as defined in paragraph 8.
90:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
925:"HowStuffWorks "How Music Licensing Works""
679:Highly publicized music licensing incidents
596:" under license, and nearly 80 versions of
105:and maintains a consistent citation style.
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1456:Real-world example of a licensing contract
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
749:, as a troop of Girl Scouts danced to the
188:. Please do not remove this message until
1461:Lowdown on music licensing in film and TV
618:
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
147:Learn how and when to remove this message
845:
708:
579:
184:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1336:
817:
14:
1483:
454:Licensing issues are encountered when
1211:17 U.S.C. § 110(4)((B)(i through iii)
922:
818:Scherer, Dana A. (January 19, 2016).
1446:Common terms used in music licensing
158:
70:
29:
1476:SFX License vs. Music License Guide
547:
97:Please consider converting them to
24:
846:Kohn, Al; Kohn, Bob (2002-01-15).
25:
1507:
1439:
1161:https://ssrn.com/abstract=2540345
927:. Entertainment.howstuffworks.com
45:This article has multiple issues.
27:Licensed use of copyrighted music
1466:Pro Music Rights Music Licensing
719:The American Camping Association
532:Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
512:(beyond its first two seasons),
327:Phonographic Performance Limited
163:
75:
34:
1427:
1363:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1244:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1166:
1153:
1138:
1129:
1114:
1105:
1094:
1080:
1054:
1035:
1023:
1008:- The "What's The Hold-up?" FAQ
1001:
402:
53:or discuss these issues on the
1172:17 U.S.C. § 110; available at
987:
973:
964:
955:
938:
923:Brain, Marshall (2003-08-22).
916:
872:
839:
811:
790:Section 115 Reform Act of 2006
428:performing rights organization
305:performing rights organization
274:the owner of the licensed work
255:
101:to ensure the article remains
13:
1:
1068:. Colorado Secretary of State
805:
449:
1254:, updated December 10, 2003.
795:Music Publishers Association
315:Broadcast Music Incorporated
7:
773:
466:music are released on both
330:licenses may be negotiated.
190:conditions to do so are met
10:
1512:
1373:. Eff.org. August 24, 2004
952:; Retrieved Jan. 5, 2015.
377:synchronization licensing
361:law conventions were the
1423:. 1996-12-17. p. 2.
1400:. 1996-12-17. p. 1.
1163:. Accessed Jan. 6, 2015.
1239:https://www.shazam.com/
1101:http://www.acbands.org/
684:"Happy Birthday to You"
598:Row, Row, Row Your Boat
553:a blanket license from
470:and streaming formats.
408:a performance license.
1241:Last checked 10/17/17.
1202:17 U.S.C. 110 § 110(3)
883:http://www.acemla.com/
727:This Land Is Your Land
619:Section 110 exemptions
1471:Music Licensing Guide
1111:Harvey Reid, op. cit.
747:Lafayette, California
723:Puff the Magic Dragon
709:ASCAP and Girl Scouts
702:Warner/Chappell Music
698:Warner/Chappell Music
694:Warner/Chappell Music
690:Happy Birthday to You
580:Performance Licensing
1090:. 21 September 2013.
741:In August 1996, The
384:master use licensing
1357:Wall Street Journal
1308:17 U.S.C. § 110(11)
1299:17 U.S.C. § 110(10)
1066:www.sos.state.co.us
997:. 2 September 2016.
743:Wall Street Journal
440:compulsory licenses
177:of this article is
1281:17 U.S.C. § 110(8)
1272:17 U.S.C. § 110(7)
1263:17 U.S.C. § 110(6)
1184:17 U.S.C. § 110(1)
1062:"Pro Music Rights"
1051:, TVShowsOnDVD.com
1047:2010-11-14 at the
1032:, TVShowsOnDVD.com
1013:2013-04-15 at the
970:17 U.S.C. § 411(a)
503:WKRP in Cincinnati
480:generic soundalike
395:publishing company
369:royalty free music
1290:17 U.S.C. §110(9)
1193:17 U.S.C.§ 110(2)
961:17 U.S.C. §102(a)
904:Missing or empty
346:pre-cleared music
236:
235:
228:
218:
217:
210:
157:
156:
149:
107:Several templates
68:
16:(Redirected from
1503:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1347:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1321:. Archived from
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1058:
1052:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1019:TVShowsOnDVD.com
1005:
999:
998:
991:
985:
984:
983:. 4 August 2016.
977:
971:
968:
962:
959:
953:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
920:
914:
913:
907:
902:
900:
892:
890:
889:
876:
870:
869:
867:
866:
843:
837:
836:
834:
832:
826:
815:
800:Production music
785:Creative Commons
594:Moonlight Sonata
563:Pro Music Rights
548:Live performance
485:The Wonder Years
231:
224:
213:
206:
202:
199:
193:
167:
166:
159:
152:
145:
141:
138:
132:
130:
119:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1491:Music licensing
1481:
1480:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1349:
1348:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:17 U.S.C. § 101
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1154:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1049:Wayback Machine
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1015:Wayback Machine
1006:
1002:
993:
992:
988:
979:
978:
974:
969:
965:
960:
956:
943:
939:
930:
928:
921:
917:
905:
903:
894:
893:
887:
885:
878:
877:
873:
864:
862:
860:
844:
840:
830:
828:
824:
816:
812:
808:
776:
738:sung publicly.
711:
686:
681:
621:
590:derivative work
582:
550:
452:
430:(PRO), such as
420:blanket license
405:
258:
239:Music licensing
232:
221:
220:
219:
214:
203:
197:
194:
183:
168:
164:
153:
142:
136:
133:
121:
110:
96:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Music Licensing
15:
12:
11:
5:
1509:
1499:
1498:
1496:Music industry
1493:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1440:External links
1438:
1436:
1435:
1433:17 U.S.C. 101.
1426:
1420:New York Times
1403:
1397:New York Times
1383:
1362:
1335:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1243:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1165:
1152:
1137:
1135:17 U.S.C. 107.
1128:
1113:
1104:
1093:
1079:
1053:
1034:
1022:
1000:
986:
972:
963:
954:
937:
915:
880:www.acemla.com
871:
858:
838:
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
775:
772:
735:New York Times
710:
707:
685:
682:
680:
677:
620:
617:
581:
578:
549:
546:
542:Shout! Factory
451:
448:
404:
401:
400:
399:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
374:
370:
367:
354:
351:
347:
332:
331:
307:
302:
291:
288:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
265:
257:
254:
234:
233:
216:
215:
171:
169:
162:
155:
154:
137:September 2022
99:full citations
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1508:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1359:. 1996-08-21.
1358:
1353:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1325:on 2016-08-29
1324:
1320:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1144:However, see
1141:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1004:
996:
990:
982:
976:
967:
958:
951:
947:
941:
926:
919:
911:
898:
884:
881:
875:
861:
859:9780735514478
855:
851:
850:
842:
823:
822:
814:
810:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
771:
768:
766:
765:Irving Berlin
762:
757:
754:
753:
748:
744:
739:
736:
732:
731:public domain
728:
724:
720:
716:
713:In 1995, the
706:
703:
699:
695:
691:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
646:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
616:
612:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
586:
577:
575:
570:
566:
564:
560:
556:
545:
543:
539:
538:
533:
529:
528:
523:
522:
517:
516:
511:
510:
505:
504:
499:
498:
493:
492:
487:
486:
481:
475:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
447:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
423:
421:
416:
414:
409:
396:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
378:
375:
371:
368:
366:infringement.
364:
359:
355:
352:
348:
345:
344:
343:
341:
335:
328:
324:
323:PRS for Music
320:
316:
312:
308:
306:
303:
300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
266:
263:
262:
261:
253:
251:
248:
244:
240:
230:
227:
212:
209:
201:
191:
187:
181:
180:
176:
170:
161:
160:
151:
148:
140:
128:
127:documentation
124:
117:
116:documentation
113:
108:
104:
100:
95:
93:
89:
84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1429:
1418:
1395:
1386:
1375:. Retrieved
1365:
1356:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1246:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1168:
1155:
1145:
1140:
1131:
1116:
1107:
1096:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1065:
1056:
1037:
1025:
1003:
989:
975:
966:
957:
940:
929:. Retrieved
918:
906:|title=
886:. Retrieved
879:
874:
863:. Retrieved
852:. Bob Kohn.
848:
841:
829:. Retrieved
820:
813:
769:
760:
758:
750:
742:
740:
734:
712:
687:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
626:
622:
613:
608:
602:
587:
583:
574:grand rights
571:
567:
551:
535:
525:
520:
513:
507:
501:
495:
491:Murphy Brown
489:
483:
476:
472:
453:
444:
438:. These are
424:
419:
417:
410:
406:
403:Broadcasting
350:productions.
336:
333:
259:
238:
237:
222:
204:
195:
173:
143:
134:
123:Citation bot
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
509:Third Watch
464:copyrighted
283:performance
256:Definitions
247:copyrighted
1485:Categories
1377:2011-03-27
1329:2016-08-17
931:2012-01-27
888:2014-12-30
865:2012-01-27
831:31 January
806:References
688:The song "
537:Dark Skies
524:and MTV's
497:Happy Days
450:Home media
299:podcasting
295:webcasting
175:neutrality
103:verifiable
50:improve it
780:Music law
515:Cold Case
458:shows or
390:publisher
358:copyright
353:copyright
313:(ASCAP),
290:broadcast
198:July 2016
186:talk page
88:bare URLs
56:talk page
1045:Archived
1011:Archived
897:cite web
774:See also
752:Macarena
605:fair use
373:payment.
277:licensee
271:licensor
243:licensed
179:disputed
92:link rot
725:" and "
521:Popular
317:(BMI),
264:license
245:use of
241:is the
1072:2 June
856:
557:&
462:using
398:rolls.
325:, and
112:reFill
825:(PDF)
715:ASCAP
555:ASCAP
527:Daria
460:films
436:ASCAP
413:Muzak
287:work.
250:music
86:uses
1123:and
1074:2020
910:help
854:ISBN
833:2018
172:The
120:and
609:not
576:".
559:BMI
468:DVD
434:or
432:BMI
1487::
1417:.
1406:^
1394:.
1355:.
1338:^
1064:.
1017:,
901::
899:}}
895:{{
645:or
600:.
544:.
518:,
506:,
500:,
494:,
488:,
456:TV
342:.
297:,
59:.
1380:.
1332:.
1076:.
934:.
912:)
908:(
891:.
868:.
835:.
229:)
223:(
211:)
205:(
200:)
196:(
192:.
182:.
150:)
144:(
139:)
135:(
131:.
129:)
125:(
118:)
114:(
94:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.