Mustang District - Knowledge

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identify by themselves. Among the villages of Panchgaon, Mawatan Thankalis are from Marpha and Yhulkasompaimhi, Yhulgasummi or Yhulgasumpa Thakalis are from Thini, Syang and Chimang. While more than 80 per cent of the Tamang Thakali are found outside Thak Khola, nearly half of the total Mawatan Thakali population still live in Marpha village. Thini village, one of the oldest Thakali villages in Thak Khola region does not categorize itself within Panchgaonle (people from Panchgaon), instead they categorize themselves within Tingaonle Thakali (people from three villages) which includes Thini, Syang and Chimang. According to the informants from Thini, they do not categorize those people who are originated from Marpha and Chhairo as original Thakali. They even do not have socio-religious relationships such as marriage and other local religious activities with Marpha and Chhairo.

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recorded in a study. These 121 plants included 49 vascular plants and 2 fungi species from 92 genera. These plants, including different parts of the same plant, were used to treat 116 different ailments. The most common type of medicinal plants were herbs (73%), which was followed by shrubs, trees, and, finally, climbers. Over 200 species of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) and medicinal and aromatic herbs (MAP) have been identified in Mustang. These plants were found to be used as medicine (50 species), food (33), fuel (27), fencing (24), fodder (19), ritual object (19), decoration (8), manure (7), dye/soap (3), psychoactive (3), and construction material (2 species).

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transported by mules to reach remote villages, which as a result arrive late. Most teachers, hired on contract, are unable to hold a conversation in the supposed language of instruction, the mother tongue of the students. The curricula developed with European funding is largely unfamiliar to government teachers. The district school superintendent also does not visit these areas regularly because of their remoteness. The total population aged 5 years & above in Mustang is 12,588, of whom 8,334 (66.20%) can read & write, 305 (2.42%) can only read and 3,945 (31.33%) can neither read nor write.

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the late 15th century and located just southwest of Jampa Gompa; Chodey Gompa, now the main city gompa; and the Choprang Gompa, which is popularly known as the "New Gompa". It is noted by scholars as one of the best preserved medieval fortresses and a candidate for UNESCO World Heritage status. The windswept and arid land around Lo Manthang, located at an altitude between 3000m and 3500m, is not suitable for agriculture at all. However, there are a number of small streams, where willows grow along with wheat, potatoes and barley. The most famous festival here is

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squares. The roofs are extremely uniform and smooth; and on each corner, a small square is constructed so that prayer flags may be hung there. Most houses are built close together and have no windows, only holes in the walls to protect against the high speed winds that race up the mountains. A Lopa home almost never built toward the South because of the fierceness of these winds. This is a drawback in summertime as the houses grow very hot due to a lack of appropriate ventilation. Hence, people often sleep on the terraces during the summer to escape the heat.

1260: 2082: 76: 3031: 2735:& equivalent, 509 intermediate & equivalent, graduate & equivalent 208, post graduate equivalent & above 51, Others 73, Non-formal education 471, Not stated 26. In 2017, Most of the students in Mustang were not in an age-appropriate class and did not progress to higher education. Education has improved dramatically in the past two decades in Upper Mustang, and some schools supported by international charities are better than many public schools in rural Nepal, although it is uncertain if the schools can sustainable. 64: 1935: 2648: 1634: 2010: 1971: 2136: 652:, the third least populated, to the west. The Tibetan frontier stretches north from Mustang's borders. Mustang is divided into two sub-regions, Lower and Upper. This is a high-altitude trans-Himalayan region spread over 3,640 square kilometres in area barely north of the main Himalayan mountain range. Geographically this cold high-altitude steppe is a part of the Tibetan highlands. This boot-shaped piece of land thrusts north into western Tibet is caught in the rain shadow of 2853: 637: 6305: 1740: 2147: 2781: 874: 3056: 2873:

neighbouring district of Manag, and specifically in Jharkot, over the last couple of decades. Both number of people living in the district, their animal herds and the number of large households in a village are down from before. In Muktinath VDC the number of households came down to 169 from a high of 216 in 2001. Though agro-pastoralism still provides the economic and social backbone of Mustang, many of the terraced fields are now abandoned.

886: 2997:, 24 use electricity, while cooking fuel of 19 households are unknown. As lighting fuel, 3,177 use electricity (including 824 solar electricity using households), 71 use kerosene, while 39 households did not report their lighting fuel. The lower part of Mustang has recently been connected to the National Electricity Grid. This project is attempting to connect Upper Mustang too. Right now, most of the households of Upper Mustang benefit from 1759: 862: 2401: 6448: 6104: 94: 2748: 6051: 2795: 3473: 2829:, prices of consumer goods increased three-fold as the border was closed. Nepal is expecting to regain some of the strategic importance of Mustang with the construction of the road to connect China with Nepal through Mustang. The road is expected to become a highly accessible Himalayan corridor and the district is expected to change significantly. There also is a fear of losing the culture and identity of the region. 3561:

per day fee to the local economy. Visitation, however, continued uninterrupted beyond that date. Now that upper Mustang is open to foreigners on a restricted basis, the Lopa have increased the number of horses kept in the hopes of benefiting from tourism. Trekkers in this and other restricted areas of Nepal are required by government regulation to porter in all food and fuel, thereby minimising environmental impact.

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had telephones, and 2,353 households had mobile phones. 89 households had motor vehicles, 224 had motorcycles, 9 had bicycles, and 455 had other vehicle (i.e. animal-drawn or human-drawn vehicles). 202 households had refrigerators. There are seven police stations established in Nechung, Thinkar, Kagbeni, Phedi, Jomsom, Ghasa and Lete. Jharkot and Jhong has post offices, while there is a bank,

1613: 2039: 1809:. The central town of Baragaon is Kagbeni, at the confluence of Muktinath or Dzong (Jhong) River and Kali Gandaki River. Kagbeni is on the well-traveled route to the pilgrimage site of Muktinath. Tibetan dialect (Pheke) prevails here, though the people of Tangbe, Chhusang, Tetang, Tsaile and Ghyaker also speak Seke, a language closely related to Thakali. 1887:. But, they use surname like Bista and Gurung outside their lands. The restricted area, lying between Tibetan border and Ghemi village, encompasses the historic kingdom of Lo Tsho Dyun ("seven districts of Lo" in local Tibetan dialect of Loke). Lo Manthang is the only walled city of Nepal and it is also known as the cultural capital of this area. The 2064:. Sometimes marriages are made by parental agreement, other times by capture or elopement. Like other people who live in harsh terrains, they are generous and kind, and also are shrewd businesspersons. One tradition says that the eldest son will inherit the family's property. When he does, the next son must become a Buddhist monk. 1101:(1930–2016), Bista succeeded his father H.H. Sri Sri Sri Raja Angun Tenzing Tandul in 1964, and whose lineage dates back to Ame Pal, who founded the Kingdom of Lo six and half century earlier, He died on 16 December 2016 after living a retired life largely in Kathmandu since 2008 when Nepal abolished its own monarchy. 3560:

trekkers now visit each year, with just over 2000 foreign tourists in 2008. August and October are the peak visiting months. On August 27, 2010, local youth leaders in Mustang threatened to bar tourists beginning October 1, 2010 due to the refusal of the Nepalese government to provide any of the $ 50

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For lighting, hydro-electricity is widely used by the rural population. Nearly 71.20 percent households depend on electricity for light. Areas within southern VDCs - Kunjo, Lete, Kobang, Tukuche, Marpha and Jomsom- are connected with national grid for electricity supply. Still more than 25.48 percent

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Agriculture is the dominant economic activity in the district in which 80.65 percent people are engaged in the district. People of Mustang are engaged in a traditional form of agro-pastoralist economy common to the mountainous regions of Nepal. Business (6.82%), government service (1.91%), house work

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Vegetation of Mustang District is of the steppe type and consists of grasslands interspersed with scrub. Cold desiccating winds, a short growing season, low precipitation and cold air temperatures limit the standing biomass produced from the steppe vegetation. Scrub is dominated by Juniperus squamata

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Mustang is rich in trans-Himalayan biodiversity, where five species of zooplankton, seven nematode species, two mollusc species, one annelid species, 25 insect species (seven aquatic insects and 18 butterfly species), one spider species, 11 amphibian species, eight lizard species, five snake species,

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encompasses 13 villages along Thak Khaki, a segment of the Kali Gandaki located south of Jomsom (also called Tehragaon or "thirteen villages"): Ghasa, Taglung, Dhamphu, Kunjo, Titi, Sauru Khanti, Lete, Kobang, Nakung, Naurikot, Bhurjungkot, Larjung and Tukuche. They were distributed across four VDCs:

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made from a variety of fruits (pear, apricot, apple) produced on a farm managed by the Pasang Sherpa. There are safe water stations in Ghasa, Near Lete at ACAP museum, Kobang, Tukche, Marpha, between Jomsom and Dhapus Peak, Kagbeni and Muktinath. Thorung, Phedi, Letdar, Manang, Humde, Pisang, Chame,

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Some of the top tourist attractions are Lomanthang, Muktinath, the Mustangi royal palace, Tibetan art and culture, and trekking in the Annapurna Circuit. In addition to trekking routes through the Lo Kingdom (Upper Mustang) and along the Annapurna Circuit (lower Mustang), the district is also famous

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Though agro-pastoralism still provides the socio-economic backbone of Mustang, alternative livelihood like tourism, transport and labour migration are now emerging along agro-pastoralism. As a result, many has abandoned agriculture or animal husbandry as source of livelihood generally in Mustang and

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In the summer, goats, cows and sheep are grazed daily in herds in local alpine meadows. During the winter they are stall-fed with leaves, grass and crop wastes, cut and stored in the growing season as preparation for winter. The livestock provides the manure essential to maintain soil fertility, and

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and the Raja's or Royal or King's Palace, a nine-cornered, five story structure built around 1400. There are four major temples: Jampa Lhakhang or Jampa Gompa, the oldest, built in the early 15th century and also known as the "God house"; Thubchen Gompa, a huge, red assembly hall and gompa built in

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Baragaon ("Twelve Villages") is a northerly sub-region lying between Jomsom and the region of Lo, in and around the Muktinath Valley, extending from south of Ghilling to Lubra lying north of Jomsom. It is sometimes called Glo Bosmad ("Lower Lo"), as it shares many geographical features of Lo proper,

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The dominant ethnic group is Thakali, also known as Panchgaonle ("people of Panchgaon"). People from Marpha, Chhairo and Chimang write clan names as their surname. The four clans are Hirachan, Lalchan, Jwarchan and Pannachan. But the people from Thini and Syang write their surname as only Thakali to

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in Mustang, who are known to outsiders as just Thakkalis. The Thakkalis of Mustang, known for their enterprising skills as traders, innkeepers and hoteliers, are divided into four clans: Khuki (Bhattachan), Choki (Gauchan), Dinjen (Sherchan) and Salki (Tulachan). The introduction of horticulture and

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are the dominant ethnic group. The area, extending from Ghasa in south to district headquarter Jomsom in the north, is known as Thak Khola ("Thak River"). The area was ruled by a Tibetan ruler till 1786, when it was included in Nepal. Historically, the region was under Tibetan ruler, but after 1786,

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Average elevation of Mustang is 13,200 ft (4,023m), coming to a peak at 8,167m — the summit of Dhaulagiri. It is a vast and arid valley, distinguished by eroded canyons, vividly coloured stratified rock formations and barren high-altitude deserts. The area receives an average annual rainfall of

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Lo was out-of-bounds for foreigners until 1992. Although it is now open on a restricted basis to foreign travellers, tourism to the region is still strictly restricted and hard to access. The Nepalese government have introduced a surcharge for anyone trekking past Kagbeni, which marks the border of

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The sign says, "Now you are entering the restricted area of "Upper Mustang". Not allowed to proceed further from here without holding special trekking permit issued by the department of immigration, Kathmandu. You must have to register yourself at ACAP’S check-post and visitor's information centre.

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projects. But, these projects can only be operated for about 6–7 months due to freezing of rivers in winter. The VDCs facilitated with electricity from National grid are Kunjo, Lete, Kobang, Tukuchhe, Marpha, Jomsom, Kagbeni, Mukthinath and Jhong. A sub-station of 504 Kilowatts has been established

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systems, back-boilers, smoke water heaters, etc. have taken increasingly being popular. Fire wood, Cow dung, LP gas are the main fuel used as domestic source of energy in rural areas of Mustang District. About 54.01 percent households apply wood/firewood as the domestic energy for cooking purposes.

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More than 91.65 percent population of the district is benefited by secured drinking water supply whereas 8.35 percent population of the district is unsecured. Tap/pipe water are considered as secured system of water supply. In Mustang District 3029 households use tap/pipes, 174 using river/streams,

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first came to Upper Mustang in 2007, people used to pay 20 rupees (18 cents) for a three-hour sitting in someone's house. In 2011, 1,033 households had cable television, 1,237 households had radio, and 451 had television without a cable connection. 101 households had computers, 48 had internet, 240

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remains a trading route to this day. For centuries, caravans travelled along the Kali Gandaki river trading salt, yak wool, cereals, dried meat spices and more in Tibet, China and India. and the Kali Gandaki gorge was used as a trade route between India and Tibet for centuries. The mountain pass of

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The elevation of the district range from 1640m in nearby Kopchepani under Kunjo VDC to 7061m in Nilgiri North above from the sea level. The peaks above 6000m in Mustang District are Tukuche peak (6920m), Nilgiri South (6839m), Yakwakang Peak (6462m), and Damodar Himal (6004m). Thorung Pass (5416m),

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Mustang is sometimes called the capital of apples in Nepal. District Agriculture Development Office (DADO) reports that despite the fact that a total of 1,115 hectares of land is considered suitable for apple-farming in Mustang, apple is planted in only 415 hectares of land. Mustang produced 5,300

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For 14,981 people Mustang District had a total of 17 health posts, with a health post to population ration of 1:881. While that is better than the national average of 1:5663, these posts cannot be easily accessed because of the remoteness of locations and ruggedness of terrain. There are 10 health

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from 1960 to 1990, which forms the lowest strata of local administration. To be entitled to common property resources like pastures, forests and water for irrigation, it was necessary for a household to become a member and participate in the community council. Any endowment of such entitlement was

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According to the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), a total of 39,017 tourists visited Mustang District in 2016. According to Tulasi Dahal, the Jomsom Chief of ACAP, 15,478 of these visitors were from India alone. It shows a considerable rise in the number of tourists over the 23,272 who

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They use a stone slab to grind their medicine, because they believe the heat created by an electric grinder would degrade the active principles of the plant powder, reducing its quality. Powdered ingredients are then mixed with water. Sufficient amount of additives are also added. Plant parts are

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use 72 species of medicinal plants to treat 43 human ailments. They use different forms of medication including pastes (60 species), powders (48), decoctions (35), tablets (7), pills (5), cold infusions (5), and others means, administered through oral, nasal, topical and other routes. Most people

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According to demographic data published by Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report), 13,452 people lived in Mustang spread across an area of 3,573 km (1,380 sq mi), making it the second least populated district and, with a population density of 4 per km, also the second

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Mustang is rich in medicinal and aromatic plants with very high economic and ethnomedicinal values. Local people use a number of plants for food, spices, fibre, medicine, fuel, dye, tannin, gum, resin, religious purposes, roofing materials, handicrafts, etc. Medicinal use of 121 plant species was

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Forest covers 3.24 percent of Mustang's total landmass. Forest cover ends near Jomsom and is very limited in Upper Mustang, which falls in the Alpine climatic area. It is distributed over one small patch each in Lo Manthang and Dhami VDCs, and seven patches in Chhuksang VDC. The vegetation of the

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Panchgaon ("five villages") lies between the trading town of Tukche and the pilgrimage site of Muktinath. Beyond the five villages — Marpha, Chhairo, Chimang, Syang and Thini — this area also includes more recent settlements such as Jomsom, Drumpa and Samle. All these settlements were

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Individual households managed their private farms, while the council managed the community farm-system. The pastures and forests were exclusive to each community, where every household had an entitlement graze or collect wood, though collecting leaves and wood from trees in private ownership were

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Lower Kali Gandaki valley forms the border to demarcate east and west for the distribution of flora and fauna of Mustang. It is rich in both temperate and trans-Himalayan biodiversity with flora and fauna that are most common to those that are highly rare. Though biodiversity of Upper Mustang is

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Many people in Mustang depend on sheep and mountain goat rearing for livelihood. Some of the points of attraction of animal husbandry are: access to pastureland, proximity to the Kora La border pass, and favourable market prices, as well as and technical help and subsidy from District Livestock

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and other structures within the wall were built by Ame Pal, the first king of Lo, during the period of the 15th century. His lineage is recognized as the royal family of Mustang. Lo Tsho Dyun area consists of Ghiling, Ghemi, Dhakmar, Marang, Tsarang, Dhi, Surkhang, Yara, Ghara, Tangya, Dhea, Lo

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ceased to exist on October 7, 2008, by order of the Government of Nepal. After the civil war that overthrew the Nepalese monarchy, it became a republic. Mustang became another district of Nepal losing its status of a tributary kingdom it enjoyed since the late eighteenth century. Mustang is the

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in the Lower Mustang. Spring and autumn are generally dry, but some precipitation is brought by summer monsoons, which averaged 133 mm at Jomsom between 1973 and 2000. The mean minimum monthly air temperature falls to -2.7 °C in winter while the maximum monthly air temperature reaches

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80 which had reached रु 100 in 2017. Barley, wheat and buckwheat are grown in terraced farms, while vegetables and fruits are grown in orchards. At Mebrak and Phudzeling sites of Upper Mustang, there is evidence of cultivation of buckwheat, naked barley, cannabis, lentils and other crops dated

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Mustang was an important route of crossing the Himalayas between Tibet and Nepal. Many salt caravans travelled through Mustang in the old times. Once a major thoroughfare for the trade of salt and grain between Tibet and Nepal's southern hills, the Mustang District in Nepal's western Himalayas

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Lo Manthang is the socio-cultural and political center of the ethnic Lopa people, the original inhabitants of Mustang. Their mud-brick homes are much like Tibetan homes, whitewashed outside and decorated inside. They build their homes out of stone, making the roofs out of thinly chiseled stone

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A total of 768 people had SLC or higher education in 2011. Of them 164 studied Humanities and Arts, 170 studied Business and Administration, 167 Education, 43 Social & Behavioral Science, 47 Science, 13 Engineering, Manufacturing and Construction, 12 Health, 11 Agriculture, Forestry &

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Thak Satsae ("Seven Hundred Thak") is the most southerly sub-region of Mustang. The sub-region extends from the village of Ghasa in the south to the trading town of Tukuche in the north, bordering Jomsom (the district headquarter). Traditionally believed to have 700 households, the sub-region

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Improved transportation has brought many changes to Upper Mustang. According to GMA News Online, "Kerosene lamps have given way to solar panels, denim sneakers have replaced hand-stitched cowhide boots and satellite dishes are taking over the rooftops of homes," and the local Lopa people are

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The literacy rate in Mustang District is high. The pace of development started late in Mustang District, including the communication and transportation. Schools in the district are operated largely by non-government groups on private support, with negligible state involvement. Text books are

2127:, has been identified as the highest elevation fish in Nepal. Six of the mammal species recorded from Mustang area are protected by the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act (1973), while seven of the mammal species are included in different threat categories of IUCN Red Data Book. 3006:

household use solar systems for light, kerosene (2.15%) and other sources of energy (1.18%). The Hydro Power Project of Chokhopani generates 744 KW of electrical energy. There are two micro-hydro plants currently working and two are under construction. Despite significant potential,

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between Tibet and Nepalese kingdoms. The border was closed in the 1960s. However, a semiannual cross-border trade fair remained, during which the border was open to local traders. In 2012, Nepal and China agreed to open 6 more official border crossings, Kora La being one of them.

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People in the district are mostly holds small housing units for dwelling. According to demographic data published by Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report), Mustang had 3,305 households in the district, second lowest in Nepal, with an average household size of 4.01.

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with some parts falling inside Upper Mustang. The people who live are not categorized as Thakali. They are known to outsider as Bhotia ("Tibetan") or Baragaonle ("People of Baragaon") and they share cultural similarities with Lo, though they often use Gurung, Bista or

1495: 432:. The name "Mustang" is derived from the Tibetan word meaning, "Plain of Aspiration." Upper Mustang was only opened to foreigners in 1992 (annual quota at present of 1,000 people). It is a popular area for trekking and can be visited year round (regardless of season). 3395:

The ancestral isolation of Mustang helped to retain its ancient culture largely unviolated, and it survives as one of the last bastion of traditional Tibetan life. In this ancient forbidden kingdom traditions have survived longer than in Tibet proper following its

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Fishery, 9 Mathematics and Statistics, 8 Law, 3 Computing, and 1 Journalism and Information. 120 did not state their academic stream in the 2011 census. In 2017, Nepal Fine Arts Academy recently organised an art workshop for students of Mustang District in Jomsom.

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because of its strategic location. In 1380, Lo became an independent kingdom under Ame Pal. The last royal family traced its lineage for 25 generations, all the way back to Ame Pal. Ame Pal oversaw the founding and building of much of the Lo and Mustang capital of

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it was included in Nepal. Ethnically, Thakalis are categorized as Tamang Thakalis from Thak Satsae, and Mawatan Thakali and Yhulkasompaimhi Thakalis from Panchgaon. The languages spoken by Thakalis fall in Tibeto-Burman category, and they believe in Buddhism.

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arguably the world's highest and busiest pass, is located in this district. This district share 134.16 km (83.36 mi) long international border with Tibet Autonomous Region of China where 16 boundary pillars are in existence from pillar no. 18–33.

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Socially, the They are divided into three groups, one of which contains those of royal heritage. Rules of society are based on the values of respect and honour. The structure of their families is also based on these and other traditions. They practice

837:. The portion of the river directly between Dhaulagiri and Annapurna I (7 km downstream from Tukuche) is at an elevation of 2,520 m or 8,270 ft, 5,571 m or 18,278 ft lower than Annapurna I. Major peaks along the gorge include 1524: 2055:

to the south, stripping the Lopa of much income. In 1959, Tibetans started crossing the border and encroaching on the small plots of pastureland Lopas used to feed their sheep, yaks, donkeys and mules, causing Lopa wealth to deteriorate further.

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23.1 °C in summer. Both diurnal and annual variations in temperature are large. Only about 40.3 square kilometers, about 1 percent of the total land area, is cultivated and 1,477 square kilometers, about 40%, is pasture land.

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operated out of Upper Mustang with the intention of raiding PLA positions in Tibet, which led to a border incident that caused the killing of a Nepalese officer who was mistaken as a Tibetan rebel. These guerrillas were aided by

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Lhopa men at Yartung, the biggest festival in Nepal's trans-Himalayan region that happens every September. Apart from the festivities it features popular horse-riding competitions that attract competitors from even the Nepalese

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or Sky Caves of Nepal are a collection of some 10,000 man-made caves dug into the sides of valleys in the Mustang. Several groups of archaeologists and researchers have explored these stacked caves and found partially

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districts. Geographically, Lower Mustang lies between the Tibetan Plateau in the North and high Himalayan Mountains in the South. The region between the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan Mountain is called Trans-Himalaya.

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designated 06/24 which measures 2,424 by 66 feet (739 m × 20 m). There is a down slope of 1.75% up to about 418 feet (127 m) from the threshold of runway 06. There are also scheduled flights from

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The Raja of La, for instance, continued to pay tithes to Lhasa until the 1950s. For more information about the historical connections between Tibet and Mustang, see Jackson 1978, Vinding 1988, and Ramble 1993 a and

1208:. Research groups have continue to investigate these caves, as it is not clear who built the caves and why were they built. According to theory, they may date back to 8–10,000 BCE when Mustang was much greener. 1196:, dating back to the 13th century. In 2008, a number of 600-year-old human skeletons were discovered by a second expedition. They also recovered reams of invaluable manuscripts containing writings from both the 427:

was a restricted area until 1992, which makes it one of the most preserved regions in the world due to its relative isolation from the outside world, with a majority of the population still speaking traditional

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Meanwhile, Nepal is building a road north along the Kali Gandaki River, to within 9 kilometres (6 mi) of Lo Manthang as of 2010. But, road-building from the south was inhibited by difficulties along the

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have a unique method of maintaining quality of the medicine. They collect medicinal plants always on their own, because only they have experience extensive enough to identify the right plants. Also, only an

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According to the 1992 Census, the total population of the district was 14,319, not including temporary residents such as government and army officials, police, development workers, and Tibetan refugees.

4320: 2958: 2107:), and seven mammal species have only been recorded in Mustang in Nepal. Out of the 18 butterfly species recorded in Mustang, two are new and three are endemic to the area. Mustang is the habitat for 4848:

A farming system is defined as "any level of unit(s) engaged in agricultural production as it is wedded in a social, political, economic, and environmental context". Ref: B.L. Turner and S.B. Brush,

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travelled to Mustang in the 1950s. Their tales of a Tibetan kingdom in an arid and locked off from the rest of the world ignited the interest in Mustang District. The first westerner in Mustang was

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divide. From there, it flows south towards the northern Indian plains through the ancient kingdom of Mustang. It flows through a sheer-sided, deep canyon immediately south of the Mustang capital of

3318:(VFR) flight about 15% of the time. As the wind often prevents airport operation after midday, airlines schedule flights to Jomsom for the early morning when wind speeds are low. In the 2013 movie 905:

area of Tibet and a loose collection of feudal estates, their history is also tied to Tibetan religion and culture, geography, and politics. It was often closely linked to adjoining kingdoms of

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fled Tibet through this area. In response, China built a border fence immediately after. There is a PLA border outpost a few miles on Chinese side, it is the westernmost border outpost in

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Cow dung is used by 24.99 percent households. Most of the businesses and hotels of the district use LP gas (18.12%) as cooking fuel. Local people collect firewood mostly from the forest.

4889: 443:, the largest protected area of Nepal. Development programmes, tourism management, and so on are primarily overseen by the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), a division of the 3121:

vehicles. A gravel road leading to Kora La had been completed ahead of the border crossing's opening in 2023. This road continues from the border about 50 kilometres (31 mi) into

2251:. Lower Mustang offers mixed broad leaved forest such as Acer species, conifers (mainly pine) and rhododendrons (Nepali: लालीगुँरास), and at the higher elevation conifers with birch 4624: 3919:

high point of 4660 m at Kora La on the Mustang-TAR border, the lowest drivable corridor through the Himalayas linking the Tibetan Plateau via Nepal to the tropical Indian plains

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270 million by exporting 13,000 sheep and 9,000 mountain goats. In 2017, the district supplied at least 25,000 sheep and mountain goats to different markets of Nepal during the

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festival. An estimated number of 9,000 mountain goats assumed as imported from Tibet in 2017, though traditional Tibetan traders are increasingly prioritizing Chinese markets.

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human bodies and skeletons that are at least 2,000–3,000 years old. Explorations of these caves by conservators and archaeologists have also led to the discovery of valuable

1061:. The suzerainty allowed for a certain level of independence in local governance from the Nepalese central government. Though still recognized by many Mustang residents, the 2169: 51: 1604:, though it is becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish between areas along social lines as different castes and ethnic people started to live all over the region. 5161: 3336: 2662:

Because of low access to facilities and other socio-cultural factors, for most people in Mustang, traditional herbal medicines are the popular mode of medical care and

833:

The Kali Gandaki Gorge or Andha Galchi, measured by the difference between the river height and the heights of the highest peaks on either side, is the world's deepest

6336: 3675: 2017:

Lo Monthang features the King's Palace and many monasteries that are being restored by art historians Europe. The village is noted for its tall white washed mud brick

3902: 5866: 1372: 2699:, to remain effective for a couple of years. Horn and urine of musk deer and tortoise bones, as well as parts of other animal are also used along with plant parts. 5311: 983: 6154: 2927:

By size: One person 465, Two persons 610, Three persons 744, Four persons 602, Five persons 434, Six persons 280, Seven/eight persons 120; Nine or more persons 99

2719:(2) and oil (1) in preparing pills in round or rectangular shapes. The mix is then boiled until water is completely evaporated making it easy to shape the pills. 408:. The district is one of the remotest areas in Nepal and is second in terms of the sparsity of population. The elevation ranges from 1,372 to 8,167 meters (Mount 2221: 5300: 5278: 2051:

The Lopa are primarily farmers, shepherds, or merchants. Tibet traditionally traded with Lopas, but in mid-18th century salt-trade monopoly was awarded to the

3565:

visited in the previous year. The highest number of tourists arrived in the month of May with 6,816 visitors and the lowest was recorded in January with 365.

3117:, and proceeded incrementally. In 2010, a 9 kilometres (6 mi) gap remained but the road was completed before 2015 and is suitable for high clearance and 1677:

tourism has made this region prosperous. Various kinds of liquor, Jam and Jelly made up of apple, apricot and plum are very popular commodities of this area.

2869:

between 1000 and 400 BCE. In Kohla, there is evidence of cultivation of barley, free-threshing wheat, foxtail millet, buckwheat and oats dated 1385–780 BCE.

2239: 2227: 2163: 5289: 2893:

By inner wall material: Mud bonded bricks/stone 2,366, Cement bonded bricks/stone 303, Wood/planks 29, Bamboo 9, Unbaked brick 565, Others 10, Not stated 23

6861: 2195: 2973:

Mustang District is not much facilitated by the National Electricity Grid. So, alternate sources of energy are mostly used in this district. In the past,

1990:

with 876 people living in 178 households, is the capital of the old kingdom of Lo, which encompasses the northern two thirds of the district and known as

5081: 4691: 2837:

Services Office. Yak-cow hybrids (called jhopa, or dzo) are employed as draft animals. Horses are reared largely for transport. In 2016, Mustang earned

2659:

posts and five sub health posts scattered throughout Lete, Kobang, Tukche, Marpha, Eklebhatti, Jarkot, Kagbeni and Chame. Jomsom has the only hospital.

6178: 5570: 2233: 2612:

Age of first marriage for Mustang people are varied: 15–19 Years 1,603, 20–24 Years 3,016, 25–29 Years 1,677, and others 1,030 (total married 7,326).

4825:

Flexibility of Scope, Type and Temporality in Mustang, Nepal. Opportunities for Adaptation in a Farming System Facing Climatic and Market Uncertainty

1593: 6168: 2703:

commonly prepared using water, hot or cold, as the solvent (100 species), but occasionally remedies are prepared with milk (14 species), honey (2),

762: 415:

Mustang was an ancient forbidden kingdom, bordered by the Tibetan Plateau and sheltered by some of world's tallest peaks, including 8000-meter tall

2890:

By foundation material: Mud bonded bricks/stone 3,097, Cement bonded bricks/stone 146, RCC with pillar 3, Wooden pillar 31, Others 7, Not stated 21

1169:

paintings, sculptures, manuscripts and numerous artefacts belonging to the 12th to 14th century. The caves lie on the steep valley walls near the

6905: 5731: 4510: 2686:

knows when to collect the plants, as the timing, while very important in capturing active principles of the plants, varies by days, even months.

1383:

until restructuring of local governance of Nepal, the area of this district was divided into one parliamentary constituency, nine Ilakas, and 16

3603: 952:, unified what was a land of many small kingdoms to forge the kingdom of Nepal. Before that much of present-day Mustang was ruled by kings from 6329: 5979: 4345: 3802: 1597: 389:. The district covers an area of 3,573 km (1,380 sq mi) and in 2011 had a population of 13,452. The headquarters is located at 4146:(1:100,000 map), Nepal-Kartenwerk der Arbeitgemeinschaft für vergleichende Hochgebirgsforschung Nr. 9, Nelles Verlag, Munich, 1993. Also see 1585: 1433: 1270: 5681: 4200:

Sven Hedin's Transhimalaya (published 1909 by MacMillan & Co, Ltd, London), Vol II, pgs. 78-79 in the Chapter headed "A peep into Nepal"

3384:

Upper Mustang. Foreign tourists are required by the Nepalese Department of Immigration to acquire special permits, pay fairly steep fees of

3086: 6132: 4477: 4255: 1589: 5553:, National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC)/Government of Nepal/United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), Kathmandu, Nepal, 2008. 4675: 4567: 63: 6232: 5949: 4632: 2731:

Out of a total 8,451 literate people 275 were beginners, 3,650 primary (1-5), 1,631 lower secondary (6 -8), 721 secondary (9 -10), 836

5138: 6322: 1022: 4385: 2624: 2207:

district can be categorized into some eight types, including six types of mixed forest identified by the dominant species —

5753: 5661: 3388:

50 per day per person, and be accompanied by a liaison (guide) to protect local tradition and environment from outside influence.

2896:

By roof material: Thatch/straw 31, Galvanized iron 192, Tile/slate 83, RCC 26, Wood/planks 20, Mud 2,902, Others 23, Not stated 28

5414: 5384: 5367: 5346: 5328: 2864:

tons of apples in 2017, an increase by 800 tons over 2016. Price of apples also increased in 2017. In 2016, apples were sold at

956:, a region to the southwest, and independent kings and feudal lords. At the end of the 18th century, the kingdom was annexed by 5249: 3999: 2933: 2905: 444: 5622: 5440: 5158: 3109:

some 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the border. Till today Manang and Humde are accessible only on feet or on horseback.

6173: 6117: 4416:"A Himalayan Border Trilogy: The Political Economies of Transport Infrastructure and Disaster Relief between China and Nepal" 4357: 1987: 1384: 1292: 4919: 3849: 3610: 5877: 3022:, Mustang has a potential of 2500 MW of wind electricity. 853 households have solar home systems for lighting in 10 VDCs. 1584:

Traditionally, Mustang District has been divided into four social and geographical regions. From south to north they are:

897:

Much of the history of Mustang is about legends rather than documented facts. However, it is believed that Mustang or the

3015: 5822: 2849:

thus is a significant link in the local agro-pastoral farming-system. Inorganic fertilisers or pesticides are not used.

5972: 3376:, Swiss explorer and geologist, who visited the Kingdom in 1952 during one of his travels across the Himalayas. French 3324:

produced by DisneyToon Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures one of the stops in Wings Across the World race is

3085:

in 1950. China eventually decided to revitalize trade and in 2001 completed a 20 kilometres (12 mi) road from the

3069:

of Nepal is on an ancient trade route between Nepal and Tibet exploiting the lowest 4,660 metres (15,300 ft) pass

2732: 5850: 3453: 3380:

is considered the first westerner to stay in Lo Manthang, during the first authorised exploration of Mustang in 1964.

5873: 5050: 4971: 4297: 4025: 1892:

Monthang, Nhenyol, Chhoser, Nyamdo, Kimaling, Thinkar, Phuwa and Namgyal villages. They were spread across six VDCs:

1368: 6149: 4541: 4131: 4080:"Climate Change and Himalayan Cold Deserts: Mapping vulnerability and threat to ecology and indigenous livelihoods" 2073:

comparatively well studied and documented, only limited information is available on biodiversity of Lower Mustang.

171: 4770: 4720: 3720: 3040: 2639:(Gurung) and Nepali. Inhabitants of mid-Mustang of Baragaon speak both Tibetan and a language similar to Thakali. 6183: 3328:

where the Planes land in Mustang. There also are 5 helipads in Muktinath, Thotong Phedi, Ghermu, and Bahundanda.

3232: 2989:

1,785 households in Mustang use wood or firewood as cooking fuel, 52 households use kerosene, 599 households use

146: 136: 2627:(Tibetan) people, where Tibetan language and culture prevails. The southern third, the Thak, is the homeland of 6225: 6122: 4939: 4907: 4020:, Forest & Landscape Development and Environment Series 2-2005 and CFC-TIS Document Series, No.110., 2005, 3907: 1387:(VDCs). While an Ilaka functioned as the local development unit, the VDCs functioned as local political units. 1119: 5937: 5596: 5093: 4283: 3168:

which is operating 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of China at the approximate boundary between the southern

734: 75: 5965: 3404:) are among the most heavily trekked routes in Nepal. The scenery of the trail ranges from forests of bright 1075: 1000: 999:

had visited China, CIA withdrew its support and the Nepalese government disbanded Tibetan fighters. In 1961,

5182: 4256:"Chinese Troops Kill a Nepalese; 18 Captured in Reds' Raid Across Border - 'Urgent' Protest Sent to Peiping" 2095:

105 bird species and 29 mammal species have been recorded. Five butterfly species, extinct mollusk species (

6266: 2814: 2030:, which generally happens in April/May, with costumed lamas dancing in the village square for three days. 4957: 3556:

Most tourists travel by foot over largely the same trade route used in the 15th century. Over a thousand

3389: 440: 182: 5214: 5003: 3392:(ACAP) check post/info posts are spread along the trails in Jomsom, Muktinath, Kagbeni and Lo Manthang. 2833:(3.50%), foreign employment (3.97%) and others (3.14%) are others occupation types besides agriculture. 1379:

or rural municipalities with five areas each, which are different from old VDCs. Since establishment of

1211:

In 2007, a shepherd discovered a collection of 55 cave paintings near the village depicting the life of

5401:

Nepal has also given priority to opening this border point along with Kimathanka and Korala in Mustang.

4014:

The Map of Potential Vegetation of Nepal - a forestry/agroecological/biodiversity classification system

3154: 3134: 3102: 2695:(Himalayan musk deer), tied twice with a thread. Tying a herb in musk deer skin helps it, according to 4518: 1946: 1859:

origin, it is also revered in Buddhism. For Tibetan Buddhists, Muktinath is a very important place of

1717:, Chairo and Cimang are one of the indispensable sources for the study of the history of the Mustang. 6910: 6900: 6218: 4653: 3838: 3614: 3219: 2998: 436: 3806: 3490: 2413: 1685: 6915: 6555: 2766: 2605:

Literacy: 61.3% could read and write, 2.2% could only read and 36.4% could neither read nor write.

1098: 890: 470: 86: 6127: 3408:

fields to rocky cliffs and desert. The culture along the trekk is a rich combination of Hindu and

6550: 6369: 6008: 5692: 4231: 3707: 3130: 3090: 2981:) and pine wood were mostly used for illuminating homes, but now other methods like iron stoves, 2189: 1083: 1008: 459: 4492: 4415: 719: 6799: 6789: 6779: 6691: 6623: 6585: 6409: 6294: 3889: 2822: 2619:

The district is divided into Upper and Lower Mustang. The northern two-thirds of the district (

1709:

records mainly deal with the foundation and boundaries of that kingdom. The village records or

1549: 1520: 1491: 1452:

Syang (स्याङ), Jomsom (जोमसोम), Chhairo (छैरो), Marpha (मार्फा), Thini (ठिनी), Chimang (चिमाङ)

1282: 1278: 1205: 821:

to the deepest part of the gorge about 7 km (4.3 mi) south of Tukuche in the area of

691: 645: 644:

Mustang, the second least populated district of Nepal, is flanked by the Nepalese districts of

3349: 1395:

the council's prerogative. All households of the village had representation in the council. A

1223:

paintings and set in sheer cliffs at 14,000 feet (4,300 m) elevation. The paintings show

1156:

One feature of the district are thousands of cliff dwellings, some highly inaccessible. These

1137: 6671: 6284: 5124: 4575: 3778: 3138: 3106: 2591: 2289: 2150: 992: 975:

visited and researched Mustang's Buddhist temples and monasteries in 1956, 1960–61 and 1978.

673:

at 4,660 metres (15,290 ft) in elevation is considered the lowest drivable path between

366: 2899:

By toilet type: Without toilet 1,211, Flush toilet 1,382, Ordinary toilet 696, Not stated 16

1793:, Tsele, Ghyaga and Sammar. These villages were spread across four VDCs south of Lochhoden: 6686: 6399: 5566: 5135: 3385: 2556: 2309: 2123:. The only native fish species, recorded at 3475m above sea level at Ghami Khola stream in 941: 878: 3676:

Pasture Management, Indigenous Veterinary Care and the Role of the Horse in Mustang, Nepal

924:

From the 15th century to the 17th century, Mustang had control over the trade between the

8: 6847: 6827: 6701: 6414: 4372:

we were not discovered and arrived in Mustang, Nepal, on the morning of December 30, 1999

3315: 3126: 3098: 2982: 2477: 678: 455: 3850:

https://www.muchbetteradventures.com/magazine/trekking-in-the-mustang-district-of-nepal/

3512: 2288:

Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the

1820:

mountain pass in Muktinath Valley. It is considered to be 106th among the available 108

6726: 6570: 6560: 6545: 6525: 6487: 6429: 6424: 6404: 6349: 6345: 5757: 5726: 5215:

The use of medicinal plants in the trans-himalayan arid zone of Mustang district, Nepal

4657: 4496: 3425: 3114: 2104: 2100: 2086: 1888: 1380: 1170: 979: 779: 479: 458:

on October 7, 2008, after Nepal became a federal democratic republic. According to the

378: 300: 106: 42: 5957: 5684:

Final Report on the Accident Investigation of 9N-ABO at Jomsom Airport, on 16 May 2013

4598: 4212:

Himalayan Pilgrimage, a Study of Tibetan Religion by a Traveller through Western Nepal

2081: 1781:

This sub-region now consists of 19 main villages — Kagbeni, Khinga, Dakardzong,

1596:(mostly considered part of Thak Khola, sometime called lower Lo) in Lower Mustang and 1259: 1243:, often with disciples, supplicants and attendants, with some mural paintings showing 1053:

Up until 2008, the Kingdom of Lo or Upper Mustang was an ethnic Tibetan kingdom and a

6832: 6759: 6638: 6580: 6492: 6482: 6434: 6374: 5364: 5046: 4979: 4935: 4423: 4293: 4021: 3496: 3401: 3290: 2826: 2587: 2583: 2489: 2481: 2469: 2434: 2209: 1391: 866: 795: 704: 429: 5917: 4447: 4079: 2924:

By ownership: Both house & land 266, Land only 118, Neither house nor land 2,911

2635:

and have a synthesis of Tibetan and Nepalese culture. The main languages spoken are

1872: 423:. Strict regulations of tourists here have aided in maintaining Tibetan traditions. 6842: 6817: 6812: 6784: 6769: 6744: 6736: 6716: 6681: 6663: 6653: 6648: 6618: 6603: 6595: 6565: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6517: 6502: 6497: 6464: 6419: 6389: 6314: 6034: 5089: 4450:[Tour of Chinese Border Guards and Coast Guards - Kunmuja Border Outpost]. 4012: 3750: 3526: 3409: 3400:. The lower Mustang areas (much of Baragaon, Panchgaon, and Thak Sat Sae along the 3397: 3361: 3342: 3235:

and daily flights between Pokhara and Jomsom during daylight hours in good weather.

3223: 3200: 3118: 3082: 2949: 2774: 2716: 2690: 2632: 2473: 2453: 2116: 2061: 1999: 1852: 1798: 1794: 1513: 1349: 1325: 1058: 1004: 972: 961: 957: 902: 806: 657: 448: 397: 374: 359: 309: 111: 17: 6205: 5517: 5329:

Education is the most neglected service in two of Nepal's most neglected districts

3589: 3360:

The kingdom was closed to foreigners, with rare exceptions, until 1992. Professor

2813:

is one of the oldest routes between the two regions. It was historically used for

2609:

least densely populated district. 7,093 or them were male, and 6,359 were female.

2409: 809:

where high Himalayan ranges begin to close in. The river continues southward past

6822: 6807: 6706: 6643: 6633: 6608: 6575: 6507: 6394: 6079: 6057: 5901: 5854: 5801: 5371: 5165: 5142: 4287: 3306: 3294: 3278: 3273: 3266: 3254: 3249: 3030: 3019: 2497: 2465: 2461: 2449: 2441: 2180: 2140: 2120: 1364: 1012: 987: 826: 798: 674: 412:, the 7th highest mountain in the world), with several peaks above 7,000 meters. 405: 338: 305: 5779: 3839:

Transhumant Pastoralism in Yak Production in The Lower Mustang District of Nepal

3314:

The airport is available throughout the year but visibility is not adequate for

1192:

decorative art and paintings, manuscripts and pottery in the Mustang caves near

6764: 6754: 6749: 6721: 6711: 6696: 6676: 6613: 6477: 6384: 6361: 6030: 5419: 5389: 5261: 4837:

Farming Systems and Poverty: Improving Farmers' Livelihoods in a Changing World

4260: 4183: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3341:

Unregistered entry to Upper Mustang will be illegal. Thank you. -- NTNC/ACAP" (

3261: 3192: 3161: 3150: 3122: 3094: 3034: 2954: 2647: 2628: 2504: 2493: 2457: 2445: 2052: 1897: 1673: 1633: 1621: 1297: 1240: 1228: 953: 945: 918: 649: 462:, Mustang is a relatively wealthy district with a GDP per capita of US$ 2,466. 4746: 3429: 2009: 6894: 6876: 6863: 6837: 6774: 6472: 6379: 6195: 5826: 4983: 4824: 4427: 3557: 3549: 3478: 3320: 3060: 3014:

generation have not been met with much success in Mustang as of 2017, though

2825:

since 2023. Upper Mustang is highly dependent on Chinese imports: during the

2636: 2620: 2599: 2572: 2536: 2532: 2508: 2485: 2253: 2215: 1991: 1848: 1844: 1825: 1669: 1601: 1232: 1181: 1174: 1157: 1143: 1125: 1071: 1037: 1024: 1007:

officially signed a border agreement, setting the border between Mustang and

996: 914: 906: 898: 846: 487: 475: 424: 2135: 1934: 1836:, considered to be the naturally available form of the Hindu Godhead Sriman 6453: 6109: 5847: 5333: 3405: 3184: 2576: 2568: 2548: 2512: 2175: 2124: 2108: 1970: 1893: 1313: 1244: 1224: 968:'s visited the pass at the head of the Kali Gandaki Gorge in 1904. British 949: 791: 783: 386: 6304: 6200: 5466: 4171: 3789: 2852: 636: 6274: 6256: 5583: 5502: 5490: 3522: 3518: 3500: 3208: 3187:

River serving Jomsom and the Mustang District. The airport resides at an

3007: 2798: 2560: 2146: 1983: 1901: 1821: 1650: 1542: 1341: 1337: 1193: 1147: 934: 822: 802: 4800: 1789:, Jhong, Putak, Purong, Lubra, Pagling, Phalek, Tiri, Chhusang, Tetang, 1739: 640:

Wonderful view of Mountain and Supalpine forest as seen in Mustang,Nepal

6289: 5382: 4778: 4724: 4332: 3504: 3464: 3460: 3373: 3011: 2865: 2838: 2780: 2708: 2552: 2018: 1817: 1409: 1376: 1265: 1212: 1054: 969: 965: 873: 838: 653: 420: 409: 274: 270: 3055: 2408:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1227:

influence, dating to approximately the 13th century, and also contain

3553:

Bagarchhap, and Tal has the most famous view points in the district.

3537: 3437: 3413: 3212: 3188: 3142: 3049: 2978: 2788: 2652: 2544: 2244: 2200: 2112: 2096: 1864: 1856: 1833: 1813: 1764: 1248: 1216: 925: 885: 850: 749: 439:

are the main occupations. The entire district is included within the

416: 265: 6155:

A fortress in the sky, the last forbidden kingdom of Tibetan culture

5646: 5365:

Nepal Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation website

4049:"Vegetation pattern of Trans-Himalayan zone in the North-West Nepal" 1828:

sect. The ancient name of this place in Sri Vaishnava literature is

1812:

The Muktinath temple is located at an altitude of 3,710 meters near

6210: 4048: 3545: 3421: 3301: 3285: 3074: 2994: 2965:

76 households use spout water, and 9 households using wells/kuwas.

2921:

By tenancy: Owned 2,278, Rented 706, Institutional 182, Others 139)

2666:(traditional Tibetan healers) are the local medical experts. Local 2184: 2154: 1913: 1909: 1837: 1806: 1758: 1750: 1353: 1309: 1301: 1220: 1201: 1189: 1166: 1129: 1062: 483: 452: 393:. Mustang is the fifth largest district of Nepal in terms of area. 5027: 5004:"Pilgrimage - III: Saligramam (Ramanuja.org/Bhakti List Archives)" 4358:"The Karmapa's Great Escape (December 28, 1999 – January 5, 2000)" 3141:. Currently, the easiest and only widely used road corridor, from 2747: 861: 6279: 4972:"Just 700 Speak This Language (50 in the Same Brooklyn Building)" 4839:, FAO and World Bank, Rome and Washington DC, Italy and USA, 2001 3433: 3195:. It serves as the gateway to the Mustang District that includes 3180: 3070: 2842: 2810: 2794: 2704: 2540: 2520: 2248: 1905: 1786: 1782: 1775: 1662: 1642: 1571: 1510:

Kagbeni (कागवेनी), Khinga (खिङ्गा), Jhong (झोङ), Chhusang (छुसाङ)

1462: 1357: 1305: 1274: 1079: 842: 818: 670: 381:

which was a Kingdom of Lo-Manthang that joined the Federation of

5536:

Farming flexibility and food security under climatic uncertainty

3472: 3215:

temple, which is a popular pilgrimage for Hindus and Buddhists.

2274: 1883:

The people of restricted northern areas of Mustang are known as

6252: 4047:

Shrestha, Mani R.; Rokaya, Maan B.; Ghimire, Suresh K. (2005).

3604:"National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)" 3482: 3354: 3227: 3204: 3196: 3165: 3078: 3045: 2990: 2886:

Following are distribution of households by building material:

2857: 2802: 2752: 2516: 1995: 1958: 1860: 1841: 1790: 1746: 1714: 1702: 1698: 1689: 1654: 1484: 1455: 1345: 1329: 1321: 1286: 1086:. The outpost was renovated in 2009 to have a modern facility. 834: 814: 810: 665: 390: 121: 6169:

Modernizing Mustang: A Hidden Tibetan Kingdom Meets Its Future

5467:"Reopening of Korala border points makes Mustang locals happy" 1239:, decorative art and paintings depicting various forms of the 56:

Kali Gandaki Valley near Kagbeni, the gateway to Upper Mustang

6353: 6003: 5491:

Mustang to supply 25,000 sheep and mountain goats for Dashain

5250:

National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)

4289:

Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia

3541: 3417: 3325: 3146: 2934:

National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)

2906:

National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)

2770: 2758: 2564: 2528: 2524: 2022: 1884: 1868: 1802: 1658: 1638: 1481:

Lete (लेते), Tukuche (टुकुचे), Kunjo (कुञ्जो), Kobang (कोवाङ)

1333: 1317: 1236: 1215:. A series of at least twelve caves were discovered north of 1185: 1162: 1016: 978:

During the late 1950s and 60s, Mustang became the centre for

929: 910: 787: 401: 382: 99: 4920:

The Bem-chag Village Record and the Early History of Mustang

4771:"स्थानीय निकाय भङ्ग, अधिकारसम्पन्न ७४४ स्थानीय तह क्रियाशील" 3176:

sections of the valley since the 1960s. Jomsom Airport is a

3157:

in the TAR—traverses a 5,125 metres (16,810 ft) pass.

2099:), two frog species, one reptile species, two bird species ( 1539:

Chhoser (छोसेर), Lo Manthang (लोमन्थाङ), Chhonhup (छोन्हुप)

1219:

and near the village of Lo Manthang, decorated with ancient

909:

and, during other periods of history, politically linked to

5911: 5383:

Prithvi Man Shrestha; Jaya Bahadur Rokaya (24 March 2016).

4721:"हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईं कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?" 3177: 2945:"swapping handspun Tibetan robes for made-in-China jeans." 2784: 2712: 2027: 2002:. The old capital Lo Manthang, a square-walled town on the 1713:

kept in the five original villages including Thini, Syang,

1090: 321: 5780:"Schedule Effective from 15 May, 2010 to 30 October, 2010" 5597:"New highway divides isolated Buddhist kingdom of Mustang" 4282:

Elleman, Bruce; Kotkin, Stephen; Schofield, Clive (2014).

4147: 2689:

Then they store their herbs in bags made from the skin of

2161:

on gentle slopes, whereas steeper slopes are dominated by

5867:"NATIONAL AIRPORTS PLAN Current Situation and Diagnostic" 4599:"Shepherd leads experts to ancient Buddha cave paintings" 4248: 4190:(2nd ed.). Book Faith India, Delhi. pp. 227–31. 2595: 1373:

Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (Nepal)

1197: 1074:

and Grant Blackwood published in 2011. In December 1999,

825:. The gorge then broadens past the border of Mustang and 404:, straddles the Himalayas and extends northward onto the 1612: 6179:

Road brings jeans, satellite TV to Himalayan Shangri-La

6145:

New Death Ritual Found in Himalaya—27 De-fleshed Humans

5987: 5571:

Road brings jeans, satellite TV to Himalayan Shangri-La

5070:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 153. 4713: 4654:

Shepherd leads experts to ancient Buddha cave paintings

4386:"Buddhist's Escape From Tibet, by Car, Horse and Plane" 4214:(Second ed.). Boston & Shaftesbury: Shambhala. 3440:. The gorge is within the Annapurna Conservation Area. 2917:

Following are distribution of households by amenities:

2203:. Little or no vegetation is found above 5,800 metres. 2038: 447:(NTNC). The kingdom of Mustang was a dependency of the 4409: 4407: 4405: 4281: 373:), "fertile plain") is one of the eleven districts of 4568:"Explorers find ancient caves and paintings in Nepal" 4046: 3218:

The airport is capable of handling aircraft from the

1998:, the traditional Tibetan-style locales lie north of 984:

Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China

68:

Location of Mustang (dark yellow) in Gandaki Province

6443: 6344: 6099: 3803:"Nepali deputy PM asks district "king" to step down" 1863:, goddesses known as Sky Dancers, and one of the 24 6133:

Last ruler of remote Buddhist kingdom dies in Nepal

4676:

Explorers find ancient caves and paintings in Nepal

4478:

Last ruler of remote Buddhist kingdom dies in Nepal

4402: 4225: 4223: 4221: 2187:. Vegetation above 5,000 metres consists mainly of 1778:as their surname for purposes of status emulation. 786:located near the Tibetan border coincides with the 782:is a highly important feature of the district. Its 5647:Airport information for Jomsom, Nepal (VNJS / JMO) 5623:"Beijing to reopen fourth border point with Nepal" 5441:"Beijing to reopen fourth border point with Nepal" 5406: 4747:"यी हुन् थपिएका गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका (सूचीसहित)" 4362:Karmapa – The Official Website of the 17th Karmapa 3018:(AEPC) maintained that, together with neighboring 1855:means "Hundred Waters". Although the temple has a 5538:, Manang, Nepal Himalaya. Area 2010, 42, 228–238. 4852:, p. 13, The Guildford Press, New York, USA, 1987 4699:Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development 4692:"Final District 1-75 Corrected Last for RAJPATRA" 917:. Lo was incorporated into the Tibetan Empire by 6892: 5376: 4561: 4559: 4218: 3025: 6118:Traditional Political Systems of Mustang, Nepal 5584:Mustang starts generating electricity from wind 4934:, page 359, Serindia Publications, Inc., 1998, 4625:""Shangri-La" caves yield treasures, skeletons" 4493:Wild, windy and harsh, yet stunningly beautiful 2623:or former Lo Kingdom) is home to the Lhopas, a 2437:, Mustang District had a population of 13,452. 2247:— and grasslands/rangelands covered with 1620:Along the Kali Gandaki River in Lower Mustang, 1568:Ghami (घमी), Surkhang (सुर्खाङ), Charang (चराङ) 478:. View from Chele (Tshele) village down to the 5718:"Nepal plane crash: 11 Indians among 15 dead, 4969: 4502: 4319: 3800: 1875:, who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. 6330: 6226: 5973: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4556: 4533: 2331: 1089:The last official and later unofficial king ( 5534:T.H. Aase, R.P. Chaudhary and O.R. Vetaas, 4616: 3712: 845:(6,920 m or 22,703 ft) on the west and 6128:Early travels & explorations in Mustang 4590: 4331:] (in Chinese). 1961-10-05 – via 3794: 1824:(premium temples) considered sacred by the 6337: 6323: 6233: 6219: 5980: 5966: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4801:"The Panchayat System under King Mahendra" 4663: 4542:"The ancient mysteries of Mustang's caves" 4377: 4232:"The curious case of the Mustang incident" 4209: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 1668:Thak Satsae Area or Thak Khola is home to 580:River, stream, cliff, mountain, stone etc. 6184:Inside Nepal's forgotten medieval kingdom 5245: 5243: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4383: 2959:High Altitude and Mountain Warfare School 1231:executed in ink, silver and gold and pre- 853:(8,091 m or 26,545 ft) on the east. 5932: 5930: 5415:"China extends road up to Korala border" 5412: 5385:"Nepal, China rush to open Hilsa border" 5360: 5358: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 4970:Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko de (2020-01-07). 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4137: 4002:, District Development Committee Mustang 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3779:Great Himalayan Trail: Preparatory Study 3721:"The mysterious caves of Mustang, Nepal" 3348: 3335: 3054: 3039: 3029: 2851: 2793: 2779: 2765: 2757: 2746: 2646: 2308: 2145: 2134: 2080: 2037: 2008: 2006:, is the residence of the present king. 1994:. Though the capital of the district is 1684: 1632: 1611: 1390:Before the VDCs there was the system of 1258: 982:engaged in small operations against the 893:before the kingdom was abolished in 2008 884: 872: 860: 635: 469: 5940:, The Himalayan Times, January 12, 2017 5938:39,000 tourists visited Mustang in 2016 5676: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5551:Sustainable Development Plan of Mustang 5546: 5544: 5486: 5484: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 4944: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4473: 4471: 4350: 4275: 4182: 4167: 4165: 4126: 4124: 4077: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3900: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3703: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3575: 2876: 2823:border crossing between China and Nepal 1251:, billowing Indian textiles and birds. 648:, the least populated, to the east and 591:Area covered by residence and buildings 6906:Districts of Nepal established in 1962 6893: 6150:The ancient mysteries of Mustang Caves 6123:Mustang - Central Bureau of Statistics 5642: 5640: 5561: 5559: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5469:. Rising Nepal Daily. 17 November 2023 5323: 5321: 5319: 5086:Nepal's Village Development Committees 5065: 5040: 4684: 4413: 4384:Crossette, Barbara (31 January 2000). 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3894: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 1011:set slightly north of the traditional 445:National Trust for Nature Conservation 6318: 6214: 5961: 5927: 5657: 5655: 5503:Apple production increases in Mustang 5355: 5347:Nepali art could benefit from Mustang 5220: 5028:"General Information about Muktinath" 4894: 4855: 4229: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 2440:As their first language, 39.4% spoke 1066:setting for a large part of the book 451:since 1795, but was abolished by the 200:3,573 km (1,380 sq mi) 6240: 5995: 5859: 5667: 5541: 5481: 5191: 5109: 5045:. New York: Routledge. p. 499. 4932:The Thakali: A Himalayan Ethnography 4807: 4468: 4162: 4132:Livelihood and Common-Pool Resources 3854: 3843: 2651:Drying medicinal plants in Jharkot, 2394: 2268: 5988:Places adjacent to Mustang District 5637: 5603:. Taipei, Taiwan. AFP. May 19, 2007 5556: 5523: 5316: 4913: 4101: 3924: 3821: 3735: 3718: 3680: 3624: 3424:pilgrimage site for centuries. The 3191:of 8,976 feet (2,736 m) above 3160:Mustang is accessed by air through 3081:. This route remained in use until 3016:Alternative Energy Promotion Centre 2821:Kora La has been an active vehicle 995:. In the 1970s, after US president 23:District in Gandaki Province, Nepal 13: 5652: 5625:. Kathmandu Post. 12 November 2023 5168:, Osho World Adventure Pvt. Ltd., 5068:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalayas 4596: 4565: 4508: 3755: 3137:, which follows the valley of the 2326: 1588:(also known as lower Thak Khola), 14: 6927: 6095: 5874:Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal 5802:"Simrik Airlines Flight Schedule" 5756:. Gorkha Airlines. Archived from 3805:. China View News. Archived from 1375:re-structured the area into five 1254: 986:in 1959. Tibetan guerrilla group 6446: 6303: 6102: 6066: 6049: 6041: 6019: 6002: 5943: 5573:, GMA News Online, July 18, 2016 5413:Tripathi, Binod (19 June 2016). 5262:"NEPAL: Administrative Division" 4777:. March 11, 2017. Archived from 4622: 4188:Mustang - A Lost Tibetan Kingdom 3901:Peissel, Michel (October 1965). 3511: 3489: 3471: 3452: 2399: 2273: 1969: 1957: 1945: 1933: 1757: 1738: 1600:or (also known simply as Lo) in 1235:pottery shards. Explorers found 1136: 1118: 921:, the most famous Tibetan king. 849:(6,940 m or 22,769 ft) and 841:(8,167 m or 26,795 ft) and 92: 74: 62: 50: 5906:Mustang, a Lost Tibetan Kingdom 5895: 5841: 5815: 5794: 5772: 5746: 5710: 5615: 5589: 5586:, My Rebuplica, August 16, 2017 5576: 5511: 5496: 5459: 5433: 5340: 5305: 5294: 5283: 5272: 5254: 5175: 5152: 5145:, Royal Mountain Travel, 2004, 5129: 5074: 5059: 5034: 5020: 4996: 4963: 4924: 4842: 4829: 4793: 4763: 4739: 4647: 4539: 4486: 4440: 4339: 4312: 4203: 4194: 4176: 4152: 4071: 4053:Nepal Journal of Plant Sciences 4040: 4005: 3903:"Mustang, Nepal's Lost Kingdom" 3536:for the springs and village of 3412:. The trail's highest point is 2264: 1878: 1363:Mustang District was a part of 960:and became a dependency of the 881:who annexed the kingdom in 1769 805:, then widens as it approaches 385:in 2008 after abolition of the 20:, which is located in Pakistan. 6257:Gharpajhong Rural Municipality 6174:Mustang: A Kingdom on the Edge 5136:Mustang: The Forbidden Kingdom 4230:Cowan, Sam (17 January 2016). 4078:Banerji, Gargi; Basu, Sejuti. 3790:Principality of Mustang, Nepal 3783: 3708:Mustang: The Last Lost Kingdom 3596: 3548:pilgrimage site), apples, and 2033: 1919: 1628: 1385:Village Development Committees 1293:Village Development Committees 656:to the south and west and the 1: 6067: 6020: 3568: 3026:Transport and Himalayan trade 2313:Distribution of people by age 2179:, as well various species of 1988:Village Development Committee 1745:Ruins of ancient fortress in 1697:distributed across two VDCs: 1692:main street, near the airport 1607: 1188:and Nepal discovered ancient 964:since 1795. Swedish explorer 223:8,167 m (26,795 ft) 6050: 6042: 4960:, Caravan Himalaya Adventure 4414:Murton, Galen (March 2016). 4329:China-Nepal Border Agreement 4000:Resource Mapping Report–2014 3611:Central Bureau of Statistics 2722: 2671:here have deep faith in the 2503:Ethnicity/caste: 20.9% were 1867:places. They understand the 1680: 1579: 1180:In 2007, explorers from the 1104: 869:, founded by Ame Pal in 1380 465: 286:33100, 33102, 33103... 33109 231:2,010 m (6,590 ft) 172:Parliamentary constituencies 7: 4850:Comparative Farming Systems 4835:J. Dixon and A. Gulliver, 3525:served at a guest house in 3390:Annapurna Conservation Area 3183:located on the bank of the 3089:to Lo Manthang. Across the 3083:China's annexation of Tibet 2170:Chrysosphaerella brevispina 1840:. It is also one of the 51 1816:village at the foot of the 1724: 1616:Lupra village in Thak Khola 441:Annapurna Conservation Area 10: 6932: 5936:Rastriya Samachar Samiti, 5918:Nepal Trekking Permit Fees 5825:. Sita Air. Archived from 4723:. Setopati. Archived from 4292:. Routledge. p. 211. 4210:Snellgrove, David (1989). 3331: 3155:China National Highway 318 3135:China National Highway 219 3105:follows the valley of the 3103:China National Highway 219 2742: 2500:and 1.0% other languages. 2139:Rhododendrons in front of 1927:Walled city of Lo Manthang 1392:village community councils 1369:Western Development Region 1001:People's Republic of China 856: 741:13,100 to 16,400 ft. 514:Total area of the district 396:The district is a part of 157:Mrs. Chhiring Lhamo Gurung 15: 6798: 6735: 6662: 6594: 6516: 6463: 6441: 6360: 6301: 6265: 6248: 5993: 4680:Accessed October 28, 2012 4089:. Gurgaon, Haryana, India 3220:Nepalese Army Air Service 2968: 2642: 2426: 2392: 2344:— 2286:about population pyramid. 2067: 1871:to be a manifestation of 769:9,800 to 21,000 ft. 726:9,800 to 13,100 ft. 664:less than 260 mm at 547:Irrigated cultivable land 474:Kali Gandaki riverbed in 377:and one of seventy-seven 342: 316: 299: 291: 281: 264: 256: 248: 240: 235: 227: 219: 212: 204: 196: 191: 183:Provincial constituencies 180: 169: 161: 153: 142: 132: 127: 117: 105: 85: 73: 61: 49: 40: 28: 5649:at Great Circle Mapper. 4888:Donald A Messerschmidt, 4678:, Reuters, May 3, 2007, 4420:Cross-Currents E-Journal 2130: 2076: 1847:. The Buddhists call it 1832:. The temple houses the 1099:Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista 891:Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista 711:6,400 to 9,800 ft. 558:Rain-fed cultivable land 162: • Deputy-Head 16:Not to be confused with 6161:Cultural transformation 5950:Mustang to Bar Tourists 5041:Mittal, Sushil (2004). 3446:Drinks, smokes and food 3428:is part of the popular 2199:and various species of 2190:Rhododendron anthopogon 1672:, the largest group of 1592:(upper Thak Khola) and 1496:बाह्रगाउँ मुक्तिक्षेत्र 1084:Tibet Military District 1009:Tibet Autonomous Region 993:CIA and Tibetan Khampas 660:to the north and east. 460:Human Development Index 257: • Households 252:3.8/km (9.8/sq mi) 6295:Lo-Ghekar Damodarkunda 5518:Report: September 2011 5066:Zurick, David (2006). 4134:, University of Bergen 3751:Loba, Mustang in Nepal 3357: 3346: 3063: 3052: 3037: 2948:When government-owned 2930: 2902: 2860: 2805: 2791: 2777: 2763: 2755: 2655: 2427:Source: Citypopulation 2314: 2284:is missing information 2157: 2143: 2091: 2044: 2014: 1693: 1645: 1617: 1550:Lo-Ghekar Damodarkunda 1492:Barhagaun Muktichhetra 1360: 1279:Barhagaun Muktichhetra 894: 882: 870: 641: 491: 220:Highest elevation 137:Coordination committee 6877:28.78333°N 83.73056°E 6285:Baragung Muktichhetra 5922:Accessed June 2, 2013 5848:Tara Air Destinations 5266:www.citypopulation.de 5170:Accessed June 2, 2013 4890:The Thakkali of Nepal 4521:on September 20, 2012 4130:Dilli Prasad Poudel, 3416:at 3800 m, a popular 3364:and Italian scholars 3352: 3339: 3139:Yarlung Tsangpo River 3133:, eventually joining 3107:Yarlung Tsangpo River 3058: 3043: 3033: 2993:, 826 households use 2915: 2913:Tenancy and ownership 2884: 2855: 2797: 2783: 2769: 2761: 2750: 2650: 2582:Religion: 60.2% were 2318:Historical population 2312: 2222:Hippophae salicifolia 2149: 2138: 2090:specimen from Mustang 2084: 2041: 2012: 1688: 1636: 1615: 1262: 1204:, some of which were 1038:29.30389°N 83.96861°E 944:, the first King the 940:In 1769, the army of 888: 876: 864: 767:3,000 to 6,400 meters 739:4,000 to 5,000 meters 724:3,000 to 4,000 meters 709:2,000 to 3,000 meters 639: 613:Area covered by lakes 536:Total cultivable land 473: 228:Lowest elevation 165:Mr. Rajendra Sherchan 6267:Rural municipalities 5147:Accessed May 3, 2007 4908:Who are the Thakkali 4635:on November 19, 2009 4511:"Sky Caves of Nepal" 4284:"China-Nepal Border" 3801:Xinhua News Agency. 3087:international border 2957:and Nepalese Army's 2877:Living and lifestyle 2692:Moschus chrysogaster 2511:, 19.3% Lhopa, 8.9% 1146:at Chhoser village, 1078:, the 17th claimant 942:Prithvi Narayan Shah 879:Prithvi Narayan Shah 602:Area covered by snow 490:'s steep north face. 249: • Density 80:Divisions of Mustang 6873: / 5908:, Books Faith, 2002 5664:at AirportGuide.com 5520:, Tibet Archaeology 5082:"Nepal Census 2001" 4629:National Geographic 4515:National Geographic 3908:National Geographic 3398:annexation by China 3316:visual flight rules 3127:Shigatse Prefecture 3099:Shigatse Prefecture 2983:solar water heating 2433:At the time of the 2319: 2240:Caragana gerardiana 2228:Caragana gerardiana 2164:Caragana gerardiana 2153:in Tetang village, 1940:Surrounding terrain 1554:लो-घेकर दामोदरकुण्ड 1076:Ogyen Trinley Dorje 1034: / 901:was once a part of 754:above 5,000 meters 679:Indian subcontinent 456:Government of Nepal 6882:28.78333; 83.73056 5853:2016-08-22 at the 5734:on 15 October 2013 5727:The Times of India 5582:Santosh Pokharel, 5565:Ammu Kannampilly ( 5447:. 12 November 2023 5370:2009-07-11 at the 5351:The Kathmandu Post 5164:2013-06-02 at the 5159:Upper Mustang Trek 5141:2007-06-30 at the 5096:on 12 October 2008 4976:The New York Times 4910:, Indigenous Voice 4658:Guardian Unlimited 4497:The Sunday Tribune 3890:Kingdom of Mustang 3426:Kali Gandaki Gorge 3358: 3347: 3115:Kali Gandaki Gorge 3064: 3053: 3038: 2861: 2806: 2792: 2778: 2764: 2756: 2656: 2317: 2315: 2196:Potentilla biflora 2158: 2144: 2105:Eurasian eagle-owl 2101:Tibetan sandgrouse 2092: 2087:Celastrina huegeli 2045: 2015: 1694: 1646: 1618: 1422:Population density 1381:Kingdom of Mustang 1361: 1247:themes containing 1171:Kali Gandaki River 1043:29.30389; 83.96861 980:Tibetan guerrillas 895: 883: 871: 780:Kali Gandaki River 642: 503:Area covered (km2) 492: 482:and the fields of 480:Kali Gandaki river 379:districts of Nepal 241: • Total 197: • Total 6856: 6855: 6312: 6311: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6086: 5829:on 16 August 2010 5760:on March 28, 2010 5312:NepalMap Literacy 5301:NepalMap Religion 5279:NepalMap Language 4930:Michael Vinding, 4509:Finkel, Michael. 4463:西藏军区最西边的哨所——昆木加哨所 4322:中华人民共和国和尼泊尔王国边界条约 3463:pass that serves 3402:Annapurna Circuit 3312: 3311: 3059:Horse caravan in 2882:Building material 2856:Mustang Apple at 2827:COVID-19 pandemic 2602:and 0.3% others. 2579:and 1.7% others. 2435:2011 Nepal census 2431: 2430: 2421: 2420: 2307: 2306: 2210:Pinus wallichiana 1577: 1576: 1097:) of Mustang was 913:, the capital of 877:Portrait of King 776: 775: 634: 633: 525:Total forest area 488:Nilgiri mountains 430:Tibetic languages 332: 331: 205: • Rank 154: • Head 143: • Body 133: • Type 6923: 6911:Gandaki Province 6901:Mustang District 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6866: 6456: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6316: 6315: 6307: 6242:Mustang District 6235: 6228: 6221: 6212: 6211: 6112: 6107: 6106: 6105: 6070: 6069: 6053: 6052: 6045: 6044: 6035:Karnali Province 6023: 6022: 6007: 6006: 5996: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5959: 5958: 5952: 5947: 5941: 5934: 5925: 5915: 5909: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5882: 5876:. Archived from 5871: 5863: 5857: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5782:. Nepal Airlines 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5730:. Archived from 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5698:on 30 April 2016 5697: 5691:. Archived from 5690: 5678: 5665: 5659: 5650: 5644: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5593: 5587: 5580: 5574: 5563: 5554: 5548: 5539: 5532: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5397: 5380: 5374: 5362: 5353: 5344: 5338: 5325: 5314: 5309: 5303: 5298: 5292: 5287: 5281: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5258: 5252: 5247: 5218: 5212: 5189: 5179: 5173: 5156: 5150: 5133: 5127: 5122: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5092:. Archived from 5090:Digital Himalaya 5078: 5072: 5071: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4990: 4967: 4961: 4958:Mustang District 4955: 4942: 4928: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4892: 4886: 4853: 4846: 4840: 4833: 4827: 4822: 4805: 4804: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4727:on 12 March 2017 4717: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4696: 4688: 4682: 4672: 4661: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4631:. Archived from 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4597:Rahman, Maseeh. 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4578:on March 5, 2016 4574:. Archived from 4563: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4517:. Archived from 4506: 4500: 4499:; April 21, 2002 4490: 4484: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4411: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4368: 4354: 4348: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4326: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4269: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4242: 4227: 4216: 4215: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4180: 4174: 4169: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4141: 4135: 4128: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4084: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4019: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3898: 3892: 3887: 3852: 3847: 3841: 3836: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3809:on March 4, 2009 3798: 3792: 3787: 3781: 3776: 3753: 3748: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3723:. Amusing Planet 3716: 3710: 3705: 3678: 3673: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3613:. Archived from 3608: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3590:"मुस्ताङ जि.स.स" 3586: 3515: 3493: 3475: 3456: 3410:Tibetan Buddhism 3362:David Snellgrove 3238: 3237: 3119:four-wheel drive 3044:Jeep going from 2950:Nepal Television 2936: 2908: 2717:clarified butter 2633:Thakali dialects 2403: 2402: 2395: 2333: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2302: 2299: 2293: 2277: 2269: 2234:Lonicera spinosa 2117:Tibetan wild ass 2062:Tibetan Buddhism 2004:Plain of Prayers 1976:The Royal Palace 1973: 1961: 1949: 1937: 1830:Thiru Saligramam 1765:Muktinath temple 1761: 1742: 1406: 1405: 1140: 1122: 1059:Kingdom of Nepal 1049: 1048: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1015:demarcated by a 1005:Kingdom of Nepal 973:David Snellgrove 962:Kingdom of Nepal 696:Elevation Range 688: 687: 658:Annapurna Massif 494: 493: 449:Kingdom of Nepal 437:animal husbandry 435:Agriculture and 398:Gandaki Province 375:Gandaki Province 357: 356: 355: 353: 346: 335:Mustang District 328: 325: 323: 301:Main language(s) 112:Gandaki Province 98: 96: 95: 78: 66: 54: 30:Mustang District 26: 25: 18:Mastung District 6931: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6916:Former kingdoms 6891: 6890: 6881: 6879: 6875: 6872: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6852: 6794: 6731: 6658: 6590: 6512: 6459: 6452: 6447: 6445: 6439: 6356: 6343: 6313: 6308: 6299: 6261: 6255:(today part of 6244: 6239: 6206:Nepal Languages 6108: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6080:Myagdi District 6058:Manang District 6054: 6001: 5989: 5986: 5956: 5955: 5948: 5944: 5935: 5928: 5916: 5912: 5902:Peissel, Michel 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5883:on 2 April 2015 5880: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5855:Wayback Machine 5846: 5842: 5832: 5830: 5821: 5820: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5785: 5783: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5737: 5735: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5688: 5680: 5679: 5668: 5660: 5653: 5645: 5638: 5628: 5626: 5621: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5581: 5577: 5564: 5557: 5549: 5542: 5533: 5524: 5516: 5512: 5501: 5497: 5489: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5425: 5423: 5411: 5407: 5395: 5393: 5381: 5377: 5372:Wayback Machine 5363: 5356: 5345: 5341: 5337:, 28 April 2017 5326: 5317: 5310: 5306: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5284: 5277: 5273: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5248: 5221: 5213: 5192: 5181:Rajan Kathet, 5180: 5176: 5166:Wayback Machine 5157: 5153: 5143:Wayback Machine 5134: 5130: 5125:People of Nepal 5123: 5110: 5099: 5097: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5064: 5060: 5053: 5043:The Hindu World 5039: 5035: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5012: 5010: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4988: 4986: 4968: 4964: 4956: 4945: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4895: 4887: 4856: 4847: 4843: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4808: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4769: 4768: 4764: 4755: 4753: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4704: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4673: 4664: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4621: 4617: 4607: 4605: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4566:Sharma, Gopal. 4564: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4538: 4534: 4524: 4522: 4507: 4503: 4491: 4487: 4482:The Star Online 4476: 4469: 4457: 4455: 4452:chinamil.com.cn 4448:"中国边海防巡礼之昆木加哨所" 4446: 4445: 4441: 4432: 4430: 4412: 4403: 4394: 4392: 4382: 4378: 4366: 4364: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4346:China View news 4344: 4340: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4280: 4276: 4267: 4265: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4240: 4238: 4228: 4219: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4184:Peissel, Michel 4181: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4157: 4153: 4142: 4138: 4129: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4082: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4045: 4041: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3925: 3913: 3911: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3855: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3822: 3812: 3810: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3756: 3749: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3681: 3674: 3625: 3617: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3576: 3571: 3533: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3516: 3508: 3507: 3497:Cannabis plants 3494: 3486: 3485: 3476: 3468: 3467: 3457: 3448: 3447: 3353:Guest House in 3334: 3274:Simrik Airlines 3250:Gorkha Airlines 3028: 3020:Manang District 2971: 2938: 2932: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2883: 2879: 2762:Yaks in Mustang 2745: 2725: 2645: 2422: 2417: 2404: 2400: 2303: 2297: 2294: 2287: 2278: 2267: 2151:Terraced fields 2141:Annapurna South 2133: 2121:Tibetan gazelle 2079: 2070: 2036: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1929: 1928: 1922: 1881: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1754: 1753: 1743: 1734: 1733: 1727: 1683: 1631: 1610: 1582: 1415: 1365:Dhaulagiri Zone 1289: 1257: 1229:Tibetan scripts 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1141: 1133: 1132: 1123: 1114: 1113: 1107: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1033: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1020: 1013:boundary marker 988:Chushi Gangdruk 867:Mustang Kingdom 859: 847:Nilgiri Central 768: 763:Trans-Himalayan 740: 725: 710: 675:Tibetan Plateau 468: 406:Tibetan Plateau 351: 348: 347: 320: 287: 93: 91: 81: 69: 57: 45: 36: 34: 31: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 6929: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6741: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6600: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6551:Kavrepalanchok 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6522: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6469: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6457: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6366: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6342: 6341: 6334: 6327: 6319: 6310: 6309: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6271: 6269: 6263: 6262: 6250:Headquarters: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6238: 6237: 6230: 6223: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6097: 6096:External links 6094: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6055: 6040: 6038: 6031:Dolpa District 6027: 6026: 6024: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6011: 5999: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5962: 5954: 5953: 5942: 5926: 5920:, TAAN Nepal, 5910: 5894: 5858: 5840: 5823:"Destinations" 5814: 5793: 5771: 5754:"Destinations" 5745: 5720:Times of India 5709: 5666: 5662:Jomsom Airport 5651: 5636: 5614: 5588: 5575: 5555: 5540: 5522: 5510: 5495: 5493:, my Republica 5480: 5458: 5445:Kathmandu Post 5432: 5420:Kathmandu Post 5405: 5390:Kathmandu Post 5375: 5354: 5339: 5327:Pawan Dhakal, 5315: 5304: 5293: 5290:NepalMap Caste 5282: 5271: 5253: 5219: 5190: 5174: 5151: 5128: 5108: 5073: 5058: 5051: 5033: 5019: 4995: 4962: 4943: 4923: 4912: 4893: 4854: 4841: 4828: 4806: 4792: 4762: 4738: 4712: 4683: 4674:Gopal Sharma, 4662: 4660:; May 4, 2007. 4646: 4615: 4589: 4555: 4532: 4501: 4485: 4467: 4439: 4401: 4390:New York Times 4376: 4349: 4338: 4311: 4298: 4274: 4264:. 30 June 1960 4261:New York Times 4247: 4217: 4202: 4193: 4175: 4161: 4151: 4136: 4100: 4070: 4039: 4026: 4004: 3923: 3893: 3853: 3842: 3820: 3793: 3782: 3754: 3734: 3711: 3679: 3623: 3620:on 2013-05-25. 3595: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3517: 3510: 3509: 3503:, in front of 3495: 3488: 3487: 3477: 3470: 3469: 3458: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3378:Michel Peissel 3370:Michel Peissel 3366:Giuseppe Tucci 3333: 3330: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3262:Nepal Airlines 3258: 3257: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3193:mean sea level 3162:Jomsom Airport 3151:Arniko Highway 3123:Zhongba County 3095:Zhongba County 3035:Jomsom Airport 3027: 3024: 2970: 2967: 2929: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2912: 2911: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2866:Nepalese rupee 2839:Nepalese rupee 2744: 2741: 2724: 2721: 2644: 2641: 2629:Thakali people 2429: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2407: 2405: 2398: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2305: 2304: 2281: 2279: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2132: 2129: 2078: 2075: 2069: 2066: 2053:Thakali people 2035: 2032: 1975: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1880: 1877: 1873:Avalokiteśvara 1834:Saligram shila 1763: 1756: 1755: 1747:Tangbe village 1744: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1682: 1679: 1630: 1627: 1609: 1606: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1412: 1256: 1255:Administration 1253: 1142: 1135: 1134: 1124: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1103: 946:Gorkha Kingdom 919:Songtsen Gampo 889:The last king 858: 855: 774: 773: 770: 765: 759: 758: 755: 752: 746: 745: 742: 737: 731: 730: 727: 722: 716: 715: 712: 707: 701: 700: 697: 694: 632: 631: 628: 625: 621: 620: 617: 614: 610: 609: 606: 603: 599: 598: 595: 592: 588: 587: 584: 581: 577: 576: 573: 570: 566: 565: 562: 559: 555: 554: 551: 548: 544: 543: 540: 537: 533: 532: 529: 526: 522: 521: 518: 515: 511: 510: 505: 500: 467: 464: 344:मुस्ताङ जिल्ला 330: 329: 318: 314: 313: 303: 297: 296: 293: 292:Telephone Code 289: 288: 285: 283: 279: 278: 268: 262: 261: 258: 254: 253: 250: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 214: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 198: 194: 193: 189: 188: 185: 178: 177: 174: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 125: 124: 119: 115: 114: 109: 103: 102: 89: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 67: 59: 58: 55: 47: 46: 41: 38: 37: 33:मुस्ताङ जिल्ला 32: 29: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6928: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6889: 6886: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6800:Sudurpashchim 6797: 6791: 6790:Western Rukum 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6692:Eastern Rukum 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6587: 6586:Sindhupalchok 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6462: 6455: 6444: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6410:Sankhuwasabha 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6335: 6333: 6328: 6326: 6321: 6320: 6317: 6306: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6247: 6243: 6236: 6231: 6229: 6224: 6222: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6111: 6100: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6065: 6063: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6048: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6025: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5983: 5978: 5976: 5971: 5969: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5951: 5946: 5939: 5933: 5931: 5923: 5919: 5914: 5907: 5903: 5898: 5879: 5875: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5852: 5849: 5844: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5803: 5797: 5781: 5775: 5759: 5755: 5749: 5733: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5713: 5694: 5687: 5685: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5663: 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4859: 4851: 4845: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4802: 4796: 4781:on 2017-05-18 4780: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4752: 4751:Online Khabar 4748: 4742: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4700: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4623:Owen, James. 4619: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4560: 4543: 4536: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4472: 4464: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4373: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4315: 4301: 4299:9781317515654 4295: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4278: 4263: 4262: 4257: 4251: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4206: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4168: 4166: 4155: 4149: 4145: 4140: 4133: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4088: 4081: 4074: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4029: 4027:87-7903-210-9 4023: 4016: 4015: 4008: 4001: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 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3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3222:. It has one 3221: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3172:and northern 3171: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3153:in Nepal and 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3067:Upper Mustang 3062: 3061:Upper Mustang 3057: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3036: 3032: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3003: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2909: 2907: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2874: 2870: 2867: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2760: 2754: 2749: 2740: 2736: 2734: 2729: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2687: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2654: 2649: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2621:Upper Mustang 2617: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2563:, 0.3% other 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2527:/Dholi, 3.1% 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2486:Sign language 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2425: 2415: 2414:MediaWiki.org 2411: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2330: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2311: 2301: 2291: 2285: 2282:This section 2280: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2256: 2255: 2254:Betula utilis 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2235: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2223: 2218: 2217: 2216:Betula utilis 2212: 2211: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2193:, as well as 2192: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2165: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2142: 2137: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2074: 2065: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2049: 2040: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2013:Tiji festival 2011: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1992:Upper Mustang 1989: 1985: 1972: 1960: 1948: 1936: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1849:Chumig Gyatsa 1846: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1826:Sri Vaishnava 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1785:, Muktinath, 1784: 1779: 1777: 1766: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1741: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1691: 1687: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1670:Tamang people 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1626: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1603: 1602:Upper Mustang 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1404: 1403:more common. 1400: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1261: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233:Christian era 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1200:religion and 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182:United States 1178: 1176: 1175:Upper Mustang 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1158:Mustang Caves 1149: 1145: 1139: 1131: 1127: 1121: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:Clive Cussler 1070:, a novel by 1069: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 997:Richard Nixon 994: 989: 985: 981: 976: 974: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 931: 927: 922: 920: 916: 915:Central Tibet 912: 908: 907:Western Tibet 904: 900: 899:Kingdom of Lo 892: 887: 880: 875: 868: 863: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 771: 766: 764: 761: 760: 756: 753: 751: 748: 747: 743: 738: 736: 733: 732: 728: 723: 721: 718: 717: 713: 708: 706: 703: 702: 698: 695: 693: 690: 689: 686: 682: 680: 676: 672: 667: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 638: 629: 626: 623: 622: 618: 615: 612: 611: 607: 604: 601: 600: 596: 593: 590: 589: 585: 582: 579: 578: 574: 571: 568: 567: 563: 560: 557: 556: 552: 549: 546: 545: 541: 538: 535: 534: 530: 527: 524: 523: 519: 516: 513: 512: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 495: 489: 485: 481: 477: 476:Upper Mustang 472: 463: 461: 457: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 426: 425:Upper Mustang 422: 418: 413: 411: 407: 403: 399: 394: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 361: 354: 345: 340: 336: 327: 319: 315: 311: 307: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 284: 280: 276: 272: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 190: 186: 184: 181: • 179: 175: 173: 170: • 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 145: 141: 138: 135: 131: 126: 123: 120: 116: 113: 110: 108: 104: 101: 90: 88: 84: 77: 72: 65: 60: 53: 48: 44: 39: 35:གློ་སྨོན་ཐང་། 27: 19: 6858: 6672:Arghakhanchi 6628: 6454:Nepal portal 6251: 6241: 6110:Nepal portal 6046: 5945: 5921: 5913: 5905: 5897: 5885:. Retrieved 5878:the original 5861: 5843: 5831:. Retrieved 5827:the original 5817: 5805:. Retrieved 5796: 5784:. Retrieved 5774: 5762:. Retrieved 5758:the original 5748: 5736:. Retrieved 5732:the original 5725: 5722:14 May 2012" 5719: 5712: 5700:. Retrieved 5693:the original 5683: 5627:. Retrieved 5617: 5607:December 14, 5605:. Retrieved 5601:Taipei Times 5600: 5591: 5578: 5550: 5535: 5513: 5506: 5498: 5471:. Retrieved 5461: 5449:. Retrieved 5444: 5435: 5424:. Retrieved 5418: 5408: 5400: 5394:. Retrieved 5388: 5378: 5350: 5342: 5334:Nepali Times 5332: 5307: 5296: 5285: 5274: 5265: 5256: 5187:Nepali Times 5186: 5177: 5169: 5154: 5146: 5131: 5098:. Retrieved 5094:the original 5085: 5076: 5067: 5061: 5042: 5036: 5022: 5011:. Retrieved 5008:ramanuja.org 5007: 4998: 4987:. Retrieved 4975: 4965: 4931: 4926: 4915: 4849: 4844: 4836: 4831: 4795: 4783:. Retrieved 4779:the original 4765: 4754:. Retrieved 4750: 4741: 4729:. Retrieved 4725:the original 4715: 4703:. Retrieved 4698: 4686: 4679: 4649: 4637:. Retrieved 4633:the original 4628: 4618: 4606:. Retrieved 4603:The Guardian 4602: 4592: 4580:. Retrieved 4576:the original 4571: 4546:. Retrieved 4535: 4523:. Retrieved 4519:the original 4514: 4504: 4488: 4481: 4462: 4456:. Retrieved 4454:(in Chinese) 4451: 4442: 4431:. Retrieved 4419: 4393:. Retrieved 4389: 4379: 4371: 4365:. Retrieved 4361: 4352: 4341: 4328: 4321: 4314: 4303:. Retrieved 4288: 4277: 4266:. Retrieved 4259: 4250: 4239:. Retrieved 4235: 4211: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4154: 4148:Google Earth 4143: 4139: 4091:. Retrieved 4086: 4073: 4061:. Retrieved 4056: 4052: 4042: 4031:, retrieved 4013: 4007: 3918: 3912:. Retrieved 3906: 3896: 3845: 3811:. Retrieved 3807:the original 3796: 3785: 3725:. Retrieved 3714: 3615:the original 3598: 3563: 3555: 3534: 3406:rhododendron 3394: 3382: 3359: 3319: 3313: 3244:Destinations 3217: 3185:Kali Gandaki 3173: 3169: 3159: 3111: 3073:through the 3066: 3065: 3004: 2988: 2974: 2972: 2963: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2931: 2916: 2903: 2885: 2871: 2862: 2847: 2835: 2831: 2820: 2807: 2737: 2730: 2726: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2581: 2529:Hill Brahmin 2502: 2439: 2432: 2298:October 2022 2295: 2283: 2265:Demographics 2259: 2252: 2238: 2232: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2194: 2188: 2176:Rosa sericea 2174: 2168: 2162: 2159: 2109:snow leopard 2093: 2085: 2071: 2058: 2050: 2046: 2016: 2003: 1982: 1964:From rooftop 1882: 1879:Lo Tsho Dyun 1829: 1811: 1780: 1772: 1719: 1710: 1706: 1695: 1667: 1647: 1619: 1598:Lo Tsho Dyun 1583: 1401: 1396: 1389: 1362: 1290: 1263: 1245:sub-tropical 1210: 1179: 1155: 1094: 1088: 1067: 1052: 977: 970:Tibetologist 950:Shah dynasty 939: 923: 896: 865:Flag of the 832: 777: 692:Climate zone 683: 662: 643: 569:Pasture land 507: 502: 497: 486:in front of 434: 414: 400:in northern 395: 387:Shah dynasty 370: 362: 358:) (from the 334: 333: 282:Postal Codes 6880: / 6702:Kapilavastu 6400:Okhaldhunga 6275:Gharpajhong 5100:15 November 4548:29 December 4093:February 7, 4063:February 7, 4033:22 November 3727:29 December 3540:(a popular 3432:route from 3209:Lo Manthang 3002:in Kobang. 2999:micro-hydro 2961:in Jomsom. 2799:Pani ghatta 2410:Phabricator 2323:Census year 2034:Lopa people 1984:Lo Manthang 1952:From inside 1920:Lo Manthang 1902:Lo Manthang 1851:, which in 1822:Divya Desam 1629:Thak Satsae 1622:the Thakali 1586:Thak Satsae 1543:Lo Manthang 1434:Gharapjhong 1377:Gaunpalikas 1371:. In 2017, 1367:in Nepal's 1342:Lo Manthang 1271:Gharapjhong 1266:Gaunpalikas 1206:illuminated 1194:Lo Manthang 1148:Lo Manthang 1068:The Kingdom 1041: / 935:Lo Manthang 803:Lo Manthang 796:Brahmaputra 790:border and 498:Description 6895:Categories 6868:83°43′50″E 6848:Kanchanpur 6828:Dadeldhura 6430:Tehrathum 6415:Solukhumbu 6290:Lomanthang 5702:27 October 5629:7 February 5473:7 February 5451:7 February 5426:2017-02-10 5396:2017-02-10 5013:2022-11-27 4989:2020-01-08 4940:0906026504 4756:2017-06-16 4458:2017-02-11 4433:2017-02-09 4395:2017-02-10 4367:2017-02-10 4333:Wikisource 4305:2017-02-10 4268:2017-02-10 4241:2017-02-10 4236:The Record 3914:2017-02-10 3569:References 3523:local beer 3505:Dhaulagiri 3465:butter tea 3461:Thorong La 3374:Toni Hagen 3093:border is 3012:wind power 2955:an airport 2815:salt trade 2715:or Indian 2709:cane sugar 2707:or Indian 2631:who speak 1818:Thorong La 1608:Thak Khola 1521:Lomanthang 1414:Population 1410:Gaunpalika 1283:Lomanthang 1249:palm trees 1213:the Buddha 1055:suzerainty 1026:29°18′14″N 966:Sven Hedin 839:Dhaulagiri 699:% of Area 654:Dhaulagiri 453:republican 421:Dhaulagiri 410:Dhaulagiri 371:smon-thang 322:ddcmustang 236:Population 149:, Mustang 128:Government 6865:28°47′0″N 6727:Rupandehi 6571:Ramechhap 6561:Makwanpur 6546:Kathmandu 6526:Bhaktapur 6488:Mahottari 6425:Taplejung 6405:Panchthar 6350:Districts 6346:Provinces 6190:Languages 6139:Sky caves 5807:15 August 5507:Republica 4984:0362-4331 4785:March 11, 4639:3 January 4608:3 January 4582:3 January 4525:27 August 4428:2158-9674 4186:(1992) . 4144:Annapurna 4059:: 129–135 3813:3 January 3719:Kaushik. 3538:Muktinath 3438:Muktinath 3414:Muktinath 3291:Kathmandu 3233:Kathmandu 3213:Muktinath 3211:, and to 3189:elevation 3143:Kathmandu 3050:Muktinath 2979:heartwood 2789:Muktinath 2773:grain in 2751:Goats in 2723:Education 2653:Muktinath 2592:Christian 2545:Chhantyal 2290:talk page 2245:Juniperus 2201:Saxifraga 2113:musk deer 2097:shaligram 1814:Ranipauwa 1799:Muktinath 1681:Panchgaon 1590:Panchgaon 1580:Divisions 1350:Muktinath 1217:Annapurna 1163:mummified 1144:Sky caves 1126:Sky caves 1112:Sky caves 1105:Sky caves 1029:83°58′7″E 926:Himalayas 851:Annapurna 799:watershed 720:Subalpine 705:Temperate 508:% of Area 466:Geography 417:Annapurna 312:languages 271:UTC+05:45 266:Time zone 118:Admin HQ. 6833:Darchula 6760:Jajarkot 6639:Nawalpur 6581:Sindhuli 6556:Lalitpur 6493:Rautahat 6483:Dhanusha 6435:Udayapur 6375:Dhankuta 5851:Archived 5368:Archived 5217:, BioMed 5162:Archived 5139:Archived 4775:सेतोपाटी 4705:12 April 4701:. MoFALD 4172:Flagspot 3546:Buddhist 3430:trekking 3422:Buddhist 3302:Tara Air 3286:Sita Air 3241:Airlines 3077:west of 3075:Himalaya 2995:cow dung 2771:Chaffing 2586:, 37.5% 2584:Buddhist 2507:, 20.1% 2490:Bhojpuri 2482:Maithili 2452:, 13.6% 2448:, 17.9% 2444:, 22.8% 2185:Lonicera 2155:Chhusang 1914:Surkhang 1910:Chhonhup 1857:Vaishnav 1807:Chhusang 1751:Chhusang 1732:Baragaon 1725:Baragaon 1711:bem-chag 1707:bem-chag 1674:Thakalis 1594:Baragaon 1525:लोमन्थाङ 1425:Villages 1354:Surkhang 1310:Chhusang 1302:Chhonhup 1221:Buddhist 1202:Buddhism 1190:Buddhist 1167:Buddhist 1130:Chhusang 1063:monarchy 948:and the 484:Chhusang 107:Province 43:District 6843:Kailali 6818:Bajhang 6813:Baitadi 6785:Surkhet 6770:Kalikot 6745:Dailekh 6737:Karnali 6717:Pyuthan 6682:Bardiya 6664:Lumbini 6654:Tanahun 6649:Syangja 6629:Mustang 6619:Lamjung 6604:Baglung 6596:Gandaki 6566:Nuwakot 6541:Dolakha 6536:Dhading 6531:Chitwan 6518:Bagmati 6503:Sarlahi 6498:Saptari 6465:Madhesh 6420:Sunsari 6390:Khotang 6370:Bhojpur 6280:Thasang 6047:Mustang 5887:27 June 5183:Yarlung 4572:Reuters 3558:western 3527:Kagbeni 3434:Pokhara 3343:Kagbeni 3332:Tourism 3307:Pokhara 3295:Pokhara 3279:Pokhara 3267:Pokhara 3255:Pokhara 3224:asphalt 3201:Kagbeni 3181:airport 3149:—named 3071:Kora La 2843:Dashain 2811:Kora La 2775:Kagbeni 2743:Economy 2705:jaggery 2598:, 0.1% 2594:, 0.7% 2590:, 1.1% 2575:, 0.1% 2571:, 0.1% 2567:, 0.3% 2559:, 0.3% 2555:, 0.6% 2551:, 0.6% 2547:, 0.6% 2543:, 0.7% 2541:Thakuri 2539:, 0.8% 2535:, 0.8% 2531:, 2.0% 2523:, 4.4% 2521:Chhetri 2519:, 6.5% 2515:, 7.9% 2505:Thakali 2496:, 0.1% 2492:, 0.1% 2488:, 0.1% 2484:, 0.2% 2480:, 0.2% 2476:, 0.2% 2474:Belhare 2472:, 0.3% 2468:, 0.4% 2464:, 0.5% 2460:, 1.0% 2456:, 2.2% 2454:Thakali 2412:and on 2332:±% p.a. 2249:Poaceae 2181:Ephedra 2000:Kagbeni 1906:Chhoser 1898:Charang 1865:Tantric 1861:dakinis 1853:Tibetan 1838:Narayan 1795:Kagbeni 1787:Chongur 1783:Jharkot 1776:Thakuri 1663:Tukuche 1643:Tukuche 1637:Tsampa 1572:Charang 1514:Kagbeni 1463:Thasang 1428:Center 1358:Tukuche 1326:Kagbeni 1306:Chhoser 1298:Charang 1295:(VDCs): 1275:Thasang 1080:Karmapa 857:History 843:Tukuche 819:Tukuche 807:Kagbeni 788:Tibetan 671:Kora La 586:41.36% 575:40.57% 363:möntang 360:Tibetan 317:Website 310:Thakali 87:Country 6823:Bajura 6808:Achham 6780:Salyan 6707:Parasi 6644:Parbat 6634:Myagdi 6624:Manang 6609:Gorkha 6576:Rasuwa 6508:Siraha 6395:Morang 6253:Jomsom 5833:6 June 5786:7 June 5764:8 June 5738:14 May 5049: 4982: 4938: 4731:9 June 4426: 4324: 4296: 4087:Pragya 4024: 3483:Marpha 3479:Brandy 3355:Marpha 3321:Planes 3228:runway 3226:paved 3207:, and 3205:Tangbe 3197:Jomsom 3166:Jomsom 3079:Sikkim 3046:Jomsom 2991:LP gas 2975:diyalo 2969:Energy 2858:Marpha 2803:Jomsom 2753:Marpha 2697:Amchis 2679:Amchis 2673:Amchis 2668:Amchis 2664:Amchis 2643:Health 2625:Bhotay 2600:Kirati 2573:Kulung 2537:Sherpa 2533:Tamang 2509:Gurung 2466:Sherpa 2462:Tamang 2450:Gurung 2442:Nepali 2388:+0.82% 2385:14,596 2377:−1.07% 2374:13,452 2366:+0.47% 2363:14,981 2355:+1.01% 2352:14,292 2341:12,930 2173:, and 2068:Nature 2023:gompas 1996:Jomsom 1889:palace 1842:Shakti 1791:Tangbe 1715:Marpha 1703:Marpha 1699:Jomsom 1690:Jomsom 1655:Kowang 1485:Kobang 1456:Jomsom 1438:घरपझोङ 1346:Marpha 1330:Kowang 1322:Jomsom 1287:Dalome 1241:Buddha 1237:stupas 1225:Newari 1095:gyelpo 835:canyon 827:Myagdi 817:, and 815:Marpha 811:Jomsom 792:Ganges 784:source 772:79.8% 735:Alpine 666:Jomsom 646:Manang 630:5.04% 619:0.02% 608:8.40% 597:0.08% 583:1505.7 572:1476.8 564:0.21% 553:0.89% 542:1.10% 531:3.38% 517:3639.6 391:Jomsom 352:Listen 339:Nepali 308:, and 306:Gurung 244:13,452 213: 122:Jomsom 97: 6765:Jumla 6755:Humla 6750:Dolpa 6722:Rolpa 6712:Palpa 6697:Gulmi 6677:Banke 6614:Kaski 6478:Parsa 6385:Jhapa 6362:Koshi 6354:Nepal 6009:Tibet 5881:(PDF) 5870:(PDF) 5696:(PDF) 5689:(PDF) 4695:(PDF) 4544:. 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