624:, version 2021e, released on 2021-10-21) gives 6:24:47, citing a secondary source (Reed and Low, The Indian Year Book, 1936–37, pp. 27–28); to be sure, the maintainers of the database do state that "this file is by no means authoritative." The 6:24:47 figure of (Reed and Low) may have been a typographical error from the 6:24:37 time given in (Indian Railway Board 1906: 7) which states that "... in Burma 6 1/2 hours ahead of Greenwich and 5 minutes 23 seconds earlier than Rangoon time." The Railway Board's 6:24:37 is likely false as the Admiralty records from 1898 to 1922 all say the official Rangoon time (per Kinns 2020: 545) was 6:24:40.
350:
1479:
1489:
141:
36:
660:(Kinns 2020: 545): the UK Admiralty records show that the time ball at the Rangoon time signal station was dropped twice each day, once at GMT+17:30:00 for 00:00:00 BST (i.e. GMT+6:30:00) and also at GMT+17:35:20 for 00:00:00 RMT (i.e. GMT+6:24:40); it was only in 1930 that the time ball at Rangoon was dropped for the standard time (GMT+6:30:00).
410:
The standard time was reverted to GMT+6:30 after the war. It has remained ever since, even after the country's independence in 1948. The only change has been its name in
English; the official English name has been changed to Myanmar Standard Time presumably since 1989 when the country's name in
650:
An April 1927 dispatch by the US Naval
Intelligence (USNI 1928: 723) says that the whole country, except Rangoon, used the standard time, GMT+6:30, while the city of Rangoon still used Rangoon Mean Time, which was 5 minutes 20 seconds behind Burma Standard Time (or
381:
says RMT was introduced in 1880.) On 1 July 1905, a new standard time called Burma
Standard Time (BST) at GMT+6:30—set to the longitude 97° 30' E, and 5 minutes and 20 seconds ahead of RMT—was first adopted by the
390:
administrations. Although the rest of the country came to adopt BST, RMT continued to be used in the city of
Rangoon at least to 1927. By 1930, however, BST apparently had been adopted in Rangoon as well.
373:(Yangon) on 1 October 1893. However, the use of RMT as the common time, at least in some sectors, most probably started earlier. (The country's first rail service, between Rangoon and
998:
Kinns, Roger (2021). "Time
Signals for Mariners in Southeast Asia: Time Balls, Discs, Bells, Guns and Lights". In Wayne Orchiston; Mayank N. Vahia (eds.).
561:
462:
First adopted by
Railways and Telegraph offices in 1905. The October 2021 IANA database says it was introduced in 1920 but does not provide a source.
448:
Standard time for
British Burma from at least 1892 to 30 June 1905. Continued to be used in Rangoon (Yangon) at least to 1927 perhaps until 1929.
605:
or 23 hours, 37 minutes and 28.08 seconds. The civil day comprises two halves, the first half beginning at sunrise and the second half at sunset.
961:
1444:
1393:
1067:
1013:
181:(နာရီ). Although the calendar consists of time units down to the millisecond level, the popular usage never extended beyond
1120:
614:
The time offset of 6:24:40 was the time used by the official time signal station in
Rangoon per (Kinns 2020: 545) and the
1454:
387:
1001:
Exploring the
History of Southeast Asian Astronomy: A Review of Current Projects and Future Prospects and Possibilities
1368:
890:
Clancy, J.C. (January 1906). T. Lewis; H.P. Hollis (eds.). "The
Burmese Calendar: A Monthly Review of Astronomy".
1518:
1413:
953:
479:
399:
904:
615:
121:
1203:
929:
1513:
1449:
1135:
1113:
638:
633:(Kinns 2020: 544): The British apparently were using a local pagoda (later came to be known as the
1408:
1313:
506:
173:
rules: sunrise, noon, sunset and midnight. The day was divided into eight 3-hour segments called
641:; but "no supporting evidence of a Rangoon time signal has been found in notices prior to 1893."
411:
English was changed from Burma to Myanmar. The country does not observe a daylight saving time.
1418:
916:
618:(Admiralty 1895: 27); it was confirmed by the US Naval Intelligence report (USNI 1928: 723).
601:. The mean Burmese astronomical day is from midnight to midnight, and represents 1/30th of a
549:
162:
1363:
1328:
1283:
970:
129:
72:
8:
1433:
1253:
1248:
1143:
1106:
467:
395:
974:
1373:
1348:
1263:
1243:
1193:
1163:
1153:
986:
982:
597:(Clancy 1906: 57): The Burmese calendar recognizes two types of day: astronomical and
1488:
1459:
1338:
1333:
1213:
1063:
1009:
1005:
990:
361:
in the late 19th century. The first confirmed mention of Rangoon Mean Time (RMT) at
1403:
1353:
1308:
1288:
1278:
1178:
978:
383:
170:
100:
91:
1378:
1293:
1273:
1158:
1148:
1089:
1078:
1057:
1046:
1035:
1024:
999:
908:
880:
166:
79:
969:(3). Chiang Mai: National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand: 523–552.
1423:
1358:
1323:
1258:
1238:
1228:
1188:
1173:
1168:
634:
145:
1507:
1482:
1464:
1383:
1343:
1318:
1298:
1233:
1208:
1198:
1183:
871:
602:
358:
349:
193:
while a drum (စည်) and a large bell (ခေါင်းလောင်း) were struck to mark every
113:
1303:
1268:
1223:
1218:
571:
526:
1087:
1044:
885:. Translated by Arthur Baring Brabant. London: A. Constable & Company.
1492:
1026:
Administration Report on the Railways in India for the Calendar Year 1905
566:
531:
514:
378:
1033:
637:) in Rangoon for signaling at least since 1855, three years after their
576:
544:
1055:
598:
536:
510:
366:
365:+6:24:40 being in use was in 1892, a year before the country's first
149:
125:
124:. Myanmar Standard Time (MMT) is calculated on the basis of 97°30′E
51:
27:
353:
Burma at 6:30 ahead of the GMT on this 1928 world map of time zones
938:
621:
704:
556:
518:
140:
117:
1083:. Vol. IV. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1098:
1076:
370:
902:
152:
attached to the top of the pagoda by the British is visible.
374:
1022:
128:. MMT is used all year round, as Myanmar does not observe
429:
362:
35:
936:
377:(Pyay), began on 2 May 1877, and the non-authoritative
954:"Time Signals for Mariners in India, Burma and Ceylon"
1056:
United States Nautical Almanac Office (17 May 2013).
1088:United States Office of Naval Intelligence (1928).
1080:
Publications of the United States Naval Observatory
1051:. Washington: United States Department of Commerce.
1045:United States National Bureau of Standards (1935).
1034:Union of Myanmar Ministry of Information (2002).
1505:
872:"Who, What, Why: Should it be Burma or Myanmar?"
161:Myanmar did not have a standard time before the
727:
1114:
1091:Port Directory of the Principal Foreign Ports
878:
331:
316:
301:
286:
268:
253:
238:
223:
1040:. Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar.
962:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
402:of the country (1942–1945) in World War II.
1062:. Government Printing Office. p. 262.
841:
745:
691:
689:
414:
177:(ဗဟို), or sixty 24-minute segments called
1121:
1107:
709:
500:
800:
798:
779:
777:
775:
1077:United States Naval Observatory (1906).
869:
832:
686:
348:
139:
786:
1506:
1059:The Nautical Almanac for the Year 2014
937:IANA Time Zone Database (2021-10-21).
889:
795:
772:
754:
736:
189:measurements; a gong was struck every
156:
1102:
997:
951:
816:
814:
812:
810:
718:
679:
677:
405:
99:
804:USNO 1906: Volume IV, Appendix II, v
763:
323:midway between midnight and sunrise
1023:The Railway Board of India (1906).
823:
769:IANA TZ October 2021: Burma/Myanmar
293:midway between sunset and midnight
13:
1094:. Washington: US Naval Department.
1048:Standard Time Throughout the World
807:
674:
357:The use of a common time began in
344:
230:midway between sunrise and midday
14:
1530:
1029:. Simla: Manager of Publications.
983:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2020.03.05
394:The standard time was changed to
1487:
1478:
1477:
1128:
820:IANA October 2021: Burma/Myanmar
34:
863:
850:
654:
644:
622:https://www.iana.org/time-zones
260:midway between noon and sunset
148:in Rangoon/Yangon in 1855. The
1445:British Indian Ocean Territory
882:The Colonisation of Indo-China
879:Chailley-Bert, Joseph (1894).
698:
627:
608:
591:
1:
667:
418:
870:BBC News (2 December 2011).
101:[mjəmàsàɰ̃dɔ̀dʑèiɰ̃]
7:
939:"Time Zone Database, 2021e"
486:Burma/Myanmar Standard Time
456:1 July 1905 – 30 April 1942
165:. Each region kept its own
10:
1535:
1037:Myanmar: Facts and Figures
442:2 May 1877? – 30 June 1905
369:observatory was opened in
135:
1473:
1432:
1392:
1134:
639:annexation of Lower Burma
478:Standard time during the
332:
317:
302:
287:
279:
269:
254:
239:
224:
216:
211:
208:
205:
202:
95:
78:
70:
63:21:05, 27 September 2024
62:
57:
47:
42:
33:
26:
21:
1194:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
829:BBC News 2 December 2011
584:
415:Timeline of common times
1455:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
760:Chailley-Bert 1894: 336
507:IANA time zone database
501:IANA time zone database
472:1 May 1942 – 2 May 1945
379:IANA time zone database
163:British colonial period
146:Alanpya "Signal" Pagoda
1519:Time in Southeast Asia
924:Cite journal requires
354:
153:
952:Kinns, Roger (2020).
909:"Bay of Bengal Pilot"
903:Hydrographic Office,
742:Hydrographic 1895: 27
352:
143:
120:, 6.5 hours ahead of
88:Myanmar Standard Time
1369:United Arab Emirates
489:3 May 1945 – present
130:daylight saving time
1396:limited recognition
975:2020JAHH...23..523K
733:Kinns 2020: 544–545
620:The IANA database (
480:Japanese occupation
468:Japan Standard Time
453:Burma Standard Time
400:Japanese occupation
396:Japan Standard Time
169:, according to the
157:Pre-colonial period
106:Burma Standard Time
406:After independence
355:
154:
96:မြန်မာ စံတော်ချိန်
1501:
1500:
1438:other territories
1069:978-0-16-091756-1
1015:978-3-030-62776-8
1006:Cham, Switzerland
582:
581:
562:16.79543 96.15051
498:
497:
439:Rangoon Mean Time
398:(JST) during the
342:
341:
85:
84:
1526:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1450:Christmas Island
1136:Sovereign states
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1052:
1041:
1030:
1019:
994:
958:
948:
946:
945:
933:
927:
922:
920:
912:
899:
886:
875:
857:
854:
848:
845:
839:
836:
830:
827:
821:
818:
805:
802:
793:
790:
784:
781:
770:
767:
761:
758:
752:
749:
743:
740:
734:
731:
725:
722:
716:
713:
707:
702:
696:
693:
684:
681:
661:
658:
652:
648:
642:
631:
625:
612:
606:
595:
523:
522:
419:
335:
334:
333:နံနက် လေးချက်တီး
320:
319:
305:
304:
290:
289:
272:
271:
257:
256:
242:
241:
227:
226:
225:နံနက် တစ်ချက်တီး
200:
199:
171:Burmese calendar
103:
97:
38:
19:
18:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1514:Time in Myanmar
1504:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1469:
1437:
1428:
1409:Northern Cyprus
1395:
1388:
1130:
1127:
1070:
1016:
956:
943:
941:
925:
923:
914:
913:
892:The Observatory
866:
861:
860:
855:
851:
847:Kinns 2020: 545
846:
842:
837:
833:
828:
824:
819:
808:
803:
796:
791:
787:
782:
773:
768:
764:
759:
755:
751:Kinns 2021: 445
750:
746:
741:
737:
732:
728:
724:Clancy 1906: 57
723:
719:
715:Kinns 2020: 544
714:
710:
703:
699:
695:USNAO 2013: 262
694:
687:
682:
675:
670:
665:
664:
659:
655:
649:
645:
632:
628:
619:
613:
609:
596:
592:
587:
503:
417:
408:
347:
345:Colonial period
255:နေ့ သုံးချက်တီး
240:နေ့ နှစ်ချက်တီး
167:local mean time
159:
138:
80:Date-time group
17:
12:
11:
5:
1532:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1485:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1085:
1074:
1068:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1014:
995:
949:
934:
926:|journal=
900:
887:
876:
865:
862:
859:
858:
849:
840:
838:USNI 1928: 723
831:
822:
806:
794:
785:
771:
762:
753:
744:
735:
726:
717:
708:
697:
685:
672:
671:
669:
666:
663:
662:
653:
643:
626:
607:
589:
588:
586:
583:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
553:
552:
550:UTC DST offset
547:
542:
539:
534:
529:
502:
499:
496:
495:
493:
490:
487:
483:
482:
476:
473:
470:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
450:
449:
446:
443:
440:
436:
435:
432:
426:
423:
416:
413:
407:
404:
346:
343:
340:
339:
336:
329:
325:
324:
321:
314:
310:
309:
306:
299:
295:
294:
291:
284:
281:
277:
276:
273:
270:နေ့ လေးချက်တီး
266:
262:
261:
258:
251:
247:
246:
245:noon (midday)
243:
236:
232:
231:
228:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
158:
155:
137:
134:
83:
82:
76:
75:
68:
67:
60:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1531:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:South Ossetia
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:
955:
950:
940:
935:
931:
918:
910:
906:
901:
897:
893:
888:
884:
883:
877:
873:
868:
867:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
815:
813:
811:
801:
799:
789:
780:
778:
776:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
706:
701:
692:
690:
680:
678:
673:
657:
651:GMT+6:24:40).
647:
640:
636:
635:Signal Pagoda
630:
623:
617:
611:
604:
603:synodic month
600:
594:
590:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
551:
548:
546:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
516:
512:
509:contains one
508:
494:
491:
488:
485:
484:
481:
477:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
461:
458:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
441:
438:
437:
433:
431:
427:
424:
421:
420:
412:
403:
401:
397:
392:
389:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:British Burma
351:
337:
330:
327:
326:
322:
318:ည သုံးချက်တီး
315:
312:
311:
307:
303:ည နှစ်ချက်တီး
300:
297:
296:
292:
285:
282:
278:
274:
267:
264:
263:
259:
252:
249:
248:
244:
237:
234:
233:
229:
222:
219:
215:
209:Burmese name
201:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
151:
147:
142:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:standard time
111:
107:
102:
93:
89:
81:
77:
74:
69:
66:
61:
56:
53:
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1434:Dependencies
1364:Turkmenistan
1329:Saudi Arabia
1129:Time in Asia
1090:
1079:
1058:
1047:
1036:
1025:
1008:: Springer.
1000:
966:
960:
942:. Retrieved
917:cite journal
895:
891:
881:
864:Bibliography
852:
843:
834:
825:
792:USBS 1935: 3
788:
783:RE 1906: 346
765:
756:
747:
738:
729:
720:
711:
700:
656:
646:
629:
610:
593:
572:Asia/Rangoon
527:Country Code
504:
492:UTC+06:30:00
475:UTC+09:00:00
428:Offset from
409:
393:
356:
288:ည တစ်ချက်တီး
212:Description
194:
190:
186:
185:and at most
182:
178:
174:
160:
109:
105:
104:), formerly
87:
86:
64:
58:Current time
1493:Asia portal
1394:States with
1314:Philippines
1254:South Korea
1249:North Korea
1144:Afghanistan
874:. BBC News.
683:MFF 2002: 1
567:Asia/Yangon
532:Coordinates
515:Asia/Yangon
459:UTC+6:30:00
445:UTC+6:24:40
1508:Categories
1374:Uzbekistan
1349:Tajikistan
1264:Kyrgyzstan
1244:Kazakhstan
1164:Bangladesh
1154:Azerbaijan
944:2022-01-01
668:References
545:UTC offset
112:), is the
43:UTC offset
1460:Hong Kong
1414:Palestine
1339:Sri Lanka
1334:Singapore
1214:Indonesia
991:256563687
911:. London.
905:Admiralty
616:Admiralty
541:Comments
537:Time Zone
511:time zone
388:Telegraph
367:time ball
328:4 o'clock
313:3 o'clock
308:midnight
298:2 o'clock
283:1 o'clock
265:4 o'clock
250:3 o'clock
235:2 o'clock
220:1 o'clock
150:time ball
126:longitude
28:Time zone
22:UTC+06:30
16:Time zone
1483:Category
1404:Abkhazia
1354:Thailand
1309:Pakistan
1289:Mongolia
1284:Maldives
1279:Malaysia
1179:Cambodia
907:(1895).
384:Railways
338:sunrise
73:meridian
71:Central
52:UTC+6:30
1379:Vietnam
1294:Myanmar
1274:Lebanon
1204:Georgia
1159:Bahrain
1149:Armenia
971:Bibcode
705:Myanmar
519:Myanmar
425:Period
371:Rangoon
275:sunset
136:History
118:Myanmar
92:Burmese
1424:Taiwan
1359:Turkey
1324:Russia
1259:Kuwait
1239:Jordan
1229:Israel
1189:Cyprus
1174:Brunei
1169:Bhutan
1066:
1012:
989:
898:(366).
856:Yangon
577:+06:30
513:named
434:Notes
1465:Macau
1384:Yemen
1344:Syria
1319:Qatar
1299:Nepal
1234:Japan
1209:India
1199:Egypt
1184:China
987:S2CID
957:(PDF)
599:civil
585:Notes
422:Name
375:Prome
280:Night
206:Time
203:Type
1304:Oman
1269:Laos
1224:Iraq
1219:Iran
1064:ISBN
1010:ISBN
930:help
896:XXIX
517:for
505:The
386:and
195:baho
191:nayi
187:nayi
183:baho
179:nayi
175:baho
144:The
1436:and
979:doi
430:UTC
363:GMT
217:Day
122:UTC
116:in
110:BST
65:MMT
48:UTC
1510::
1004:.
985:.
977:.
967:23
965:.
959:.
921::
919:}}
915:{{
894:.
809:^
797:^
774:^
688:^
676:^
557:MM
197:.
132:.
98:,
94::
90:(
1122:e
1115:t
1108:v
1072:.
1018:.
993:.
981::
973::
947:.
932:)
928:(
108:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
