123:
well as supervision of the administrative services of the Staff/Secretariat itself. Thus the
Secretariat provides secretaries to all the Council's principal committees and working groups - apart from those of a strictly technical nature - and ensures co-ordination between them. .. On the Staff side there are three main divisions corresponding to the three principal aspects of NATO's work, each under an Assistant Secretary General. Ambassador Sergio Fenoaltea (Italy) heads the Political Affairs Division, M. Rene Sergent (France) the Economics and Finance Division, and Mr. Lowell P. Weicker (USA) the Production and Logistics Division. The Divisions' tasks are to prepare, in close touch with delegations, proposed action in their respective fields for consideration by the appropriate committee or by the Council. In addition to the main divisions there are three other offices working directly to the Secretary General. These are the Office of Statistics (Mr. Loring Wood of the USA), the Financial Comptroller's Office (M. A. J. Bastin of Belgium), and the Division of Information (Mr. Geoffrey Parsons, Jr. of the USA). The Information Division, besides providing material about NATO for the use of member governments, (it does not engage in independent operations), is also the press and public relations branch of the civilian authority.
832:
to be retained, but the number of major commands in Europe was to be cut from three to two, Regional
Command North Europe and Regional Command South Europe. Activation of the new RC SOUTH occurred in September 1999, and in March 2000 Headquarters AFNORTHWEST closed and the new RC NORTH was activated. The headquarters of the two Regional Commands were known as Regional Headquarters South (RHQ South) and RHQ NORTH respectively. Each was to supervise air, naval, and land commands for their region as well as a number of Joint Subregional Commands (JSRCs). Among the new JSRCs was
82:
211:
1103:(ACT) responsible for the induction of the new member states' forces into NATO, and NATO forces' research and training capability. The European allies had become concerned about the possibility of a loosening of U.S. ties to NATO if there were no longer any U.S.-led NATO HQ in the United States, and the refocusing of the Atlantic command into a transformation command was the result. The alliance created several NATO Rapid Deployable Corps and naval
142:
1368:. In August 1953 it was tasked to '..(a) Prepare, approve and forward to the Military Committee, through the Standing Group, plans for and other material pertaining to, the defense of the Canada-U.S. Region. (b) Coordinate plans with SACLANT and other NATO Commands. The NATO Handbook stated in 1990s editions that it was responsible for the defence of the US-Canada area and meets alternatively in
813:
161:(SHAPE) Planning Group immediately began to devise a structure for the new Allied Command Europe. NATO official documents say '..The corner stone of the NATO Military Command Structure was laid.. when the North Atlantic Council approved D.C. 24/3 on 18 December 1951.' They quickly decided to divide Allied Command Europe into three regions:
1078:
The
Defence Planning Committee was a former senior decision-making body on matters relating to the integrated military structure of the Alliance. It was dissolved following a major committee review in June 2010 and its responsibilities absorbed by the North Atlantic Council and the Defence Policy and
122:
The ..Office of the
Secretary General directed by an Executive Secretary, Captain R.D. Coleridge (UK), who is also Secretary to the Council. He is responsible for supervising the general processing of the work of the Council and their committees, including provision of all secretarial assistance, as
831:
From 1994 to 1999 ACE had three Major
Subordinate Commands, AFNORTHWEST, AFCENT, and AFSOUTH. In 1995 NATO began a Long Term Study to examine post-Cold War strategy and structure. Recommendations from the study for a new, streamlined structure emerged in 1996. The European and Atlantic commands were
132:
The
Strategic Commanders are the former 'Major NATO Commanders', who sat atop a command hierarchy consisting of Major Subordinate Commanders (MSCs), Principal Subordinate Commanders (PSCs) and Sub-PSCs. The Military Committee had an executive body, the Standing Group, made up of representatives from
2532:
Dr. Thomas-Durell Young, Reforming NATO's
Military Structures: The Long-Term Study and Its Implications for Land Forces, Strategic Studies Institute, 1 May 1998. Often taken for granted, the Alliance's integrated command structure provides the basis for NATO's collective defense, and increasingly,
2536:
Dr. Thomas-Durell Young, Multinational Land
Formations and NATO: Reforming Practices and Structures, Strategic Studies Institute, 1 December 1997. Reduced national force structures, new NATO roles and missions emanating from the military implementation of Alliance Strategy and the rapid reaction
793:
By June 1991, it was clear that Allied Forces
Central Europe (a Major Subordinate Command) could be reduced, with the Soviet threat disappearing. Six multinational corps were to replace the previous eight. Announcements in June 1991 presaged main defensive forces consisting of six multinational
1297:
Multinational
Division Southeast was activated on 1 December 2015. Headquarters Multinational Division South – East (HQ MND-SE) is a North Atlantic Council (NAC) activated NATO military body under operational command (OPCOM) of Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) which may be employed and
1091:
and split into two Strategic Commands, both long commanded by U.S. officers, assisted by a staff drawn from across NATO. The Strategic Commanders are responsible to the NATO Military Committee for the overall direction and conduct of all Alliance military matters within their areas of command.
794:
corps. Two were to be under German command, one with a U.S. division, one under Belgian command with a pending offer of a U.S. brigade, one under U.S. command with a German division, one under joint German-Danish command (LANDJUT), and one under Dutch command. The new German
195:
in charge of all forces assigned to NATO in the Mediterranean Area. The British made strong representations in discussions regarding the Mediterranean NATO command structure, wishing to retain their direction of NATO naval command in the Mediterranean to protect their
1656:
905:
207:(LANDSOUTHEAST) was created in Izmir, Turkey, under a U.S. Army General. This was due to the two states' geographic distance from the LANDSOUTH headquarters, as well as disagreements over which nation should be the overall commander for their ground forces.
929:(Netherlands) merged in 1996 with the NATO Communications and Information Systems Operating and Support Agency (NACISA) based in Brussels (Belgium). The agency comprises around 650 staff, of which around 400 are located in The Hague and 250 in Brussels.
1185:
A number of NATO Force Structure formations, such as the NATO Rapid Deployable Corps, are answerable ultimately to SACEUR either directly or through the component commands. Directly responsible to SACEUR is the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force at
72:
All agencies and organizations are integrated into either the civilian administrative or military executive roles. For the most part they perform roles and functions that directly or indirectly support the security role of the alliance as a whole.
2533:
as seen in Bosnia, its ability to undertake peace support operations. However, the very value by which nations hold the structure has resulted in a difficult and time-consuming reorganization process, which has produced only limited reforms.
1392:
64:
advises and assists the NAC on military matters. The Defence Planning Committee which directs its output to the Division of Defence Policy and Planning, a nominally civilian department that works closely with the Military Committee's
1177:
was disestablished on 1 July 2013, the Heidelberg force command also deactivated, the maritime component command at Naples was closed and the air component command at Izmir also shut down. Allied Air Command Izmir was reorganised as
1074:
at least twice a year. It deals with most defence matters and subjects related to collective defence planning. In this it serves as a coordinating body between the Civilian and Military organizational bureaucracies of NATO.
1652:
1107:(HRFs), which all report to Allied Command Operations. In Europe the Regional Commands were replaced by JFC Brunssum and JFC Naples, and the JSRCs disappeared (though the Madrid JSRC became a land command for JFC Naples).
57:, that is divided into administrative divisions, offices and other organizations. Also responsible to the NAC, DPPC, and NPG are a host of committees that supervise the various NATO logistics and standardisation agencies.
1443:(STO) would be created before July 2012, consisting of Chief Scientist (located in the Office of the Chief Scientist, OCS), a Programme Office for Collaborative S&T (the Collaboration Support Office, CSO), and the
89:
The DPC was a former senior decision-making body on matters relating to the integrated military structure of the Alliance. It was dissolved following a major committee review in June 2010 under Secretary-General
1797:
1733:
1699:
1598:
2257:
1420:
A major reorganization of the NATO Agencies was agreed at a meeting of the defence ministers from NATO's 28 member states on 8 June 2011. The new Agencies' structure would be built upon the existing one:
947:
1272:
966:
3108:
2380:
1302:
953:
246:, was part of the compromise that allowed an American officer to take up the SACLANT post. Previously Commander-in-Chief Portsmouth had controlled multinational naval operations in the area under
133:
France, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The Standing Group was abolished during the major reform of 1967 that resulted from France's departure from the NATO Military Command Structure.
2134:
99:
2186:
2359:
2108:
1360:
The Canada-US Regional Planning Group (CUSRPG) is the only survivor of the originally five regional planning groups of the late 1940s and early 1950s. All the others were subsumed into
2585:
874:
Standardisation organisation, committee, office and agency including the NATO Standardization Agency which also plays an important role in the global arena of standards determination.
2227:
1340:
and Naples. On 7 June 2018 the Secretary-General said the new joint forces command will have its headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia, in the United States. The name was confirmed as
2325:"NATO - Opinion: Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the meeting of the North Atlantic Council (NAC) in Defence Ministers' session, 07-Jun.-2018"
1411:(CFBLNet), which is a wide area network connecting the US, the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, six NATO countries and Sweden for sharing research and development information.
1282:, meetings of NATO ministers decided that Multinational Corps Northeast would be augmented so as to develop greater capabilities, to, if thought necessary, prepare to defend the
1291:
833:
1209:
airfield in Hungary. However, the Strategic Airlift Capability was later separated from NATO and is now an independent organisation, though it still works closely with NATO.
960:
2624:
2493:
1653:"SUMMARY OF THE NATO MILITARY COMMAND STRUCTURE, TERMS OF REFERENCES AND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY OF THE MAJOR NATO COMMANDERS' AND THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATE COMMANDERS"
1635:
932:
2421:
Summary of the NATO Military Command Structure and Terms of Reference and Areas of Responsibility of Major NATO Commanders and their Immediate Subordinate Commanders
242:
area and deny it to the enemy, and protect the sea lanes of communication. The establishment of this post, and the agreement that it was to be filled by the British
2249:
1235:
named the French officer who was to take command of ACT following France's return to the NATO Military Command Structure. Subordinate ACT organizations include the
2471:
1789:
1721:
1687:
1586:
998:
844:
Prior to the reorganization, the NATO website listed 43 different agencies and organizations and five project committees/offices as of 15 May 2008. They included:
1104:
795:
1336:
announced that the new Atlantic command would become part of the NATO Command Structure at the level of a Joint Force Command, similar to the two that exist at
2082:
861:
942:
NATO Headquarters C3 Staff (NHQC3S), which supports the North Atlantic Council, Military Committee, International Staff, and the International Military Staff.
1099:(ACO) was to be established, responsible for the strategic, operational and tactical management of combat and combat support forces of the NATO members, and
1008:
2544:
appears to be MC 324/1 (The NATO Military Command Structure, May 2004) and a successor MC 324/2. The previous issue was MC 324, issued on 6 January 1999.
805:, through retaining many of its subordinate structures after reshuffling. Most of the headquarters were absorbed within ACE, particularly within the new
2423:
1830:
2130:
1871:
2183:
2617:
1444:
1506:
1352:. On 15 July 2021 Joint Force Command Norfolk (JFC-NF) attained Full operational capability (FOC) under the command of Vice Admiral Andrew Lewis.
2351:
17:
2310:
2442:
2104:
1408:
2223:
2592:
2023:
918:
990:
2537:
requirements associated with the embryonic Combined Joint Task Forces (CJTF) concept are but three of a multitude of inter-related issues.
2394:
3175:
2610:
2381:
Megan Eckstein (15 Jul 2021) As new NATO command becomes fully operational, top US military officer issues warning over ‘great power war’
939:(BEL), was established in August 2004 from the former NATO Communications and Information Systems Operating and Support Agency (NACISA).
1433:
2565:
2769:
2057:
1256:
158:
2324:
2287:
1767:
1440:
2547:
NATO Office of Information and Press, NATO Handbook : Fiftieth Anniversary Edition, NATO, Brussels, 1998–99, Second Reprint,
261:
withdrew French forces from the military command structure, NATO's headquarters was forced to move to Belgium. SHAPE was moved to
1224:
505:
294:
204:
1488:
2809:
2504:
1632:
2206:
1130:
in Portugal, all multi-national headquarters with many nations represented. From 2003, JFC Brunssum had its land component,
1095:
On 12 June 2003 NATO ministers announced an end to the decades-old structure of a command each for the Atlantic and Europe.
157:(SACEUR) in December 1950. After Eisenhower arrived in Paris in January 1951, he and the other members of the multinational
2852:
1909:
2862:
3115:
2789:
1114:", and remains based at SHAPE at Casteau. He is a U.S. four-star general or admiral with the dual-hatted role of heading
567:
532:
1324:
In late 2017-early 2018, two new commands were approved, a rear area transit command which was finally announced as the
3143:
3068:
2804:
1325:
1194:
851:
495:
33:
1436:
Headquarters would be in Brussels, as would be the very small staff which will design the new NATO Procurement Agency.
3098:
3058:
2794:
2552:
1365:
1127:
1123:
1067:
921:(NC3A), reporting to the NATO Consultation, Command and Control Organization (NC3O). This agency was formed when the
806:
691:
554:
518:
223:
42:
2074:
1377:
1287:
472:
466:
456:
3073:
2857:
2541:
2467:
1111:
386:
313:
227:
154:
2250:"Multinational Division North East - Multinational Division North East Headquarters achieved Initial Capability"
1314:
1310:
1155:
1115:
891:
887:
856:
243:
214:
Military organisation of NATO mid-1960s, before the dissolution of the Standing Group (Source Pentagon Papers).
2955:
2821:
2420:
1819:
1279:
1264:
1212:
1100:
482:
356:
170:
162:
149:
A key step in establishing the NATO Command Structure was the North Atlantic Council's selection of General
2764:
1868:
1575:
1202:
1119:
420:
270:
166:
66:
3053:
2826:
2799:
1451:
1341:
1248:
1198:
1187:
1174:
1139:
880:
Air Traffic Management and Air Defence committees, working groups organisation and centre including the:
346:
192:
2392:
Final Communique of the First Session of the North Atlantic Council, Terms of Reference and Organisation
3035:
2970:
2905:
2648:
1958:
1926:
1502:
1349:
1318:
376:
366:
197:
2586:"Transforming the NATO Military Command Structure: A New Framework for Managing the Alliance's Future"
1974:
3103:
3045:
2847:
2831:
1332:, Germany, and a new command for the Atlantic. In March 2018 Chair of the Military Committee General
1096:
50:
2439:
2975:
2940:
2814:
1855:
1131:
673:
274:
251:
2015:
3170:
2995:
2980:
2965:
2960:
2915:
2900:
2784:
2704:
1677:
Sean Maloney, 'To Secure Command of the Sea,' University of New Brunswick thesis, 1991, p.258-261
1294:
would also be established to coordinate preparations for defence of new Eastern members of NATO.
1088:
897:
821:
549:
323:
219:
61:
1388:
There are several communications networks used by NATO to support its exercises and operations:
3063:
3010:
2985:
2920:
2890:
2754:
2709:
2391:
1402:
1244:
1143:
922:
802:
743:
738:
571:
231:
174:
95:
46:
38:
798:
was to be stationed in Eastern Germany, and was not to be associated with the NATO structure.
3093:
3088:
3000:
2935:
2895:
2880:
2872:
2694:
2529:
John Borawski, Thomas-Durell Young, NATO After 2000: The Future of the Euro-Atlantic Alliance
1361:
622:
609:
308:
91:
3083:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
2950:
2885:
2719:
1260:
1236:
824:
644:
538:
Naval Striking and Support Forces Southern Europe (STRIKFORSOUTH), afloat, centered around
150:
2054:
775:
Maritime Air Plymouth Sub-Area Channel Command (MAIRPLYMCHAN), in Plymouth, United Kingdom
8:
3078:
3005:
2990:
2925:
2779:
2759:
2714:
2328:
2279:
1429:
would be in Capellen Luxembourg (site of the NATO Maintenance and Supply Agency – NAMSA).
1426:
1401:(CRONOS), which is a system of interconnected computer networks used by NATO to transmit
1179:
433:
181:
54:
2224:"NATO Activates New Multinational Division Southeast Headquarters in Bucharest, Romania"
1869:
Command in NATO After the Cold War: Alliance, National, and Multinational Considerations
1755:
3138:
2945:
2774:
2726:
1557:
446:
333:
188:
2749:
2602:
2548:
2000:
1561:
1549:
1484:
1216:
1191:
654:
558:
460:
258:
772:
Maritime Air Nore Sub-Area Channel Command (MAIRNORECHAN), in Rosyth, United Kingdom
1541:
1369:
1227:(SACT), a French officer. There is also an ACT command element located at SHAPE in
1071:
1070:(DPC) is normally composed of Permanent Representatives, but meets at the level of
695:
380:
1878:, U.S. Army Strategic Studies Institute, 1 June 1997, 11, citing JDW 17 July 1993.
1545:
2686:
2446:
2427:
2398:
2210:
2203:
2190:
2061:
1962:
1913:
1875:
1639:
1019:
In the twenty-first century NATO has an extensive civilian structure, including:
437:
235:
81:
1906:
1529:
210:
2910:
1574:
NATO's Military Committee: focused on operations, capabilities and cooperation
539:
341:
3149:
886:(NACMA), based in Brussels, manages around a hundred persons in charge of the
370:
3164:
2660:
1553:
1283:
1271:, Italy, was also part of ACT until it was shifted under the auspices of the
1228:
936:
677:
664:
630:
562:
317:
266:
1756:"Chapter 7 - The Military Structure - Channel Command and Channel Committee"
1056:
Office of the Chairman of the Civil and Military Budget Committees (CBC/MBC)
978:
Alliance Ground Surveillance Capability Provisional Project Office (AGS/PPO)
3132:
2654:
1345:
1163:
769:
Allied Maritime Air Force Channel (MAIRCHAN), in Northwood, United Kingdom
598:
Maritime Air Eastern Atlantic (MAIREASTLANT), in Northwood, United Kingdom
441:
337:
230:
as one of the alliance's two Major NATO Commanders. A third was added when
2352:"US Navy's Top Admiral Cites Increased Threat in Ocean Nearest Washington"
173:(AFSOUTH), covering Italy and the Mediterranean. SHAPE was established at
2699:
1464:
1398:
1146:
in the northwest suburbs of London. JFC Naples has its land component in
906:
NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Programme Management Organisation
764:
732:
Submarines Allied Command Atlantic (SUBACLANT), in Norfolk, United States
686:
Submarine Force Western Atlantic (SUBWESTLANT), in Norfolk, United States
604:
Maritime Air Central Sub-Area (MAIRCENTLANT), in Plymouth, United Kingdom
428:
725:
Carrier Striking Group Two (CARSTRIKGRUTWO), in Plymouth, United Kingdom
626:
613:
2930:
2671:
2156:
1333:
1135:
868:
Production Logistics organisations, agencies and offices including the
817:
760:
601:
Maritime Air Northern Sub-Area (MAIRNORLANT), in Rosyth, United Kingdom
450:
115:
1170:. Joint Command Lisbon was a smaller HQ with no subordinate commands.
722:
Carrier Striking Group One (CARSTRIKGRUONE), in Norfolk, United States
2676:
2583:
1854:
Barbara Starr, 'Cold War Battle Orders Make Way for a New NATO Era,'
1268:
1252:
1240:
1232:
1215:(ACT) is based in the former Allied Command Atlantic headquarters in
926:
681:
397:
350:
239:
141:
2157:"High Readiness Forces and Headquarters in the NATO Force Structure"
413:
Allied Naval Forces Baltic Approaches (NAVBALTAP), in Karup, Denmark
360:
250:
auspices. In due course the CINCHAN role was assumed by the British
2666:
1530:"A nuclear education: the origins of NATO's Nuclear Planning Group"
1337:
1220:
753:
749:
Nore Sub-Area Channel Command (NORECHAN), in Rosyth, United Kingdom
699:
585:
424:
404:
327:
298:
278:
200:
running through the Mediterranean to the Middle East and Far East.
1151:
1047:
NATO Headquarters Consultation, Command and Control Staff (NHQC3S)
981:
Battlefield Information Collection and Exploitation System (BICES)
716:
Striking Fleet Atlantic (STRIKFLTLANT), in Norfolk, United States
509:
410:
Allied Air Forces Baltic Approaches (AIRBALTAP), in Karup, Denmark
27:
Organizational structure of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
709:
705:
658:
617:
592:
302:
262:
1206:
984:
NATO Continuous Acquisition and Life Cycle Support Office (CALS)
719:
Carrier Striking Force (CARSTRIKFOR), in Norfolk, United States
396:
Allied Land Forces Schleswig-Holstein and Jutland (LANDJUT), in
2131:"NATO deactivates allied air command Izmir headquarters Turkey"
1373:
1306:
1167:
1159:
1147:
1110:
The commander of Allied Command Operations retained the title "
1087:
NATO's military operations are directed by the Chairman of the
1002:
668:
648:
578:
513:
499:
486:
1173:
In 2012–2013, the Military Command Structure was reorganised.
37:
is complex and multi-faceted. The decision-making body is the
2731:
1009:
Defence Innovation Accelerator for the North Atlantic (DIANA)
883:
869:
848:
Logistics committees, organisations and agencies, including:
812:
490:
390:
1376:. As such it appears to duplicate, in part, the work of the
1205:, which became fully operational in July 2009, are based at
975:
Project Steering Committees and Project Offices, including:
637:
Western Atlantic Area (WESTLANT), in Norfolk, United States
41:(NAC), and the member state representatives also sit on the
2633:
2477:
2401:, 17 September 1949, retrieved from NATO.int, October 2013.
1955:
1934:
1793:
1763:
1729:
1695:
1594:
1447:(CMRE, previously named the NATO Undersea Research Centre).
1393:
Battlefield Information Collection and Exploitation Systems
933:
NATO Communications and Information Systems Services Agency
912:
524:
Fifth Allied Tactical Air Force (5 ATAF), in Vicenza, Italy
247:
185:
1978:
1344:
at the NATO Summit in July. It was to be commanded by the
527:
Sixth Allied Tactical Air Force (6 ATAF), in İzmir, Turkey
145:
NATO military command and areas of responsibilities (1954)
2105:"Deactivation ceremony of Allied Maritime Command Naples"
1329:
1142:, at Ramstein in Germany, and its naval component at the
1053:
Office of the Chairman of the Senior Resource Board (SRB)
2013:
999:
Committee of Chiefs of Military Medical Services in NATO
165:, containing Scandinavia, the North Sea and the Baltic;
2440:
Jorge Benitez, "Details of NATO's new agency structure"
1722:"Chapter 7 - The Military Structure - Atlantic Command"
1454:
would continue and be subject to review by Spring 2014.
2632:
203:
In 1952, after Greece and Turkey joined the Alliance,
2584:
Atlantic Council of the United States (August 2003).
1313:(IOC). The division is tasked to coordinate the four
1301:
On 25 April 2017, the commander-designate of the new
1132:
Allied Land Component Command Headquarters Heidelberg
911:
NATO Consultation, Command and Control Organisation (
640:
Ocean Sub-Area (OCEANLANT), in Norfolk, United States
1619:
T.D. Young, Reforming NATO's Military Structures, 7.
1399:
Crisis Response Operations in NATO Operating Systems
1355:
780:
Standing Naval Force Channel (STANAVFORCHAN), afloat
1309:, Poland. On 3 July 2017, the new division reached
836:, which was activated in Madrid in September 1999.
591:Submarine Force Eastern Atlantic (SUBEASTLANT), in
234:was established on 21 February 1952 to control the
2107:. Headquarters Allied Joint Force Command Naples.
1062:NATO Production and Logistics Organizations (NPLO)
2494:"Evolution of NATO's Command Structure 1951-2009"
1956:NATO Communication and Information Systems Agency
1032:Division of Political Affairs and Security Policy
972:Education and Training college, schools and group
752:Plymouth Sub-Area Channel Command (PLYMCHAN), in
3162:
2014:Espen Barth, Eide; Frédéric Bozo (Spring 2005).
1445:Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation
759:Benelux Sub-Area Channel Command (BENECHAN), in
403:Allied Land Forces in Zealand (LANDZEALAND), in
2226:. NATO Headquarters, Belgium. 1 December 2015.
1633:Evolution of NATO's Command Structure 1951-2009
1415:
1059:International Board of Auditors for NATO (IBAN)
2311:"US, Germany likely home to new NATO commands"
1409:Combined Federated Battle Laboratories Network
1298:deployed in peacetime, crisis and operations.
877:Civil Emergency Planning committees and centre
870:NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency
2618:
2566:"Background on NATO Command Structure Review"
2280:"Multinational Division North East - Mission"
2001:"Defence Planning Committee (DPC) (Archived)"
1975:"NATO Research & Technology Organization"
1082:
919:NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency
839:
118:described the civilian structure as follows:
1627:
1625:
1528:Sayle, Timothy Andrews (10 September 2020).
991:Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center
801:On 1 July 1994, the Alliance disestablished
43:Defence Policy and Planning Committee (DPPC)
1190:in Germany where a jointly funded fleet of
1050:Office of the Financial Controller (FinCon)
1014:
2625:
2611:
1434:NATO Communications and Information Agency
1273:NATO Science & Technology Organization
948:NATO Electronic Warfare Advisory Committee
653:Island Command Bermuda (ISCOMBERMUDA), in
2770:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
2161:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
2016:"Should NATO play a more political role?"
1622:
1503:"NATO Handbook. 50th Anniversary Edition"
1257:Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre
1243:, Norway (in the same site as the former
967:NATO Research and Technology Organisation
704:Island Command Madeira (ISCOMADEIRA), in
643:Canadian Atlantic Sub-Area (CANLANT), in
159:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
2374:
2072:
1820:"Revised Terms of Reference for SACLANT"
1680:
1441:NATO Science and Technology Organization
1305:arrived at the headquarters location at
1197:radar (AWACS) aircraft are located. The
811:
663:Island Command Azores (ISCOMAZORES), in
209:
140:
80:
2863:Supreme Allied Commander Transformation
2540:The current official reference for the
2503:. Brussels(?): NATO ACO. Archived from
1579:
1225:Supreme Allied Commander Transformation
1038:Division of Defence Policy and Planning
954:Military Committee Meteorological Group
506:Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe
295:Chairman of the NATO Military Committee
205:Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe
180:The British post of Commander in Chief
94:. Its responsibilities absorbed by the
14:
3163:
2453:, 9 June 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
2204:NATO Readjusts as Ukraine Crisis Looms
1491:from the original on 22 December 2015.
469:(2 ATAF), in Rheindahlen, West Germany
2606:
2473:NATO: The First Five Years, 1949–1954
2466:
2308:
1896:T.D. Young, 'NATO After 2000,' 16-18.
1790:"NATO the first five years 1949-1954"
1527:
1290:would be established in Romania. Six
1223:, United States. It is headed by the
788:
127:
105:
100:Defence Policy and Planning Committee
3099:Relationship with the European Union
2349:
2085:from the original on 5 February 2013
2075:"NATO Activates Allied Land Command"
1836:from the original on 2 December 2017
1770:from the original on 10 January 2008
1688:"Chapter 7 - The Military Structure"
1587:"Chapter 6 - The civilian structure"
284:
2362:from the original on 5 October 2018
2073:Vandiver, John (30 November 2012).
1760:NATO the first five years 1949-1954
1726:NATO the first five years 1949-1954
1692:NATO the first five years 1949-1954
1591:NATO the first five years 1949-1954
1154:, Turkey, and its naval component,
533:Allied Naval Forces Southern Europe
475:(4 ATAF), in Ramstein, West Germany
24:
3176:Military organizational structures
3144:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
3069:Individual Partnership Action Plan
2805:Joint Support and Enabling Command
2634:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
2523:
2491:
2230:from the original on 19 March 2017
1800:from the original on 15 March 2017
1736:from the original on 15 March 2017
1702:from the original on 15 March 2017
1601:from the original on 15 March 2017
1326:Joint Support and Enabling Command
1278:In early 2015, in the wake of the
1195:Airborne early warning and control
852:NATO Maintenance and Supply Agency
496:Allied Land Forces Southern Europe
34:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
25:
3187:
3059:Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
2558:
2309:Mehta, Aaron (14 February 2018).
2290:from the original on 1 April 2018
2260:from the original on 1 April 2018
2137:from the original on 14 July 2014
2111:from the original on 14 July 2014
2026:from the original on 12 July 2007
1659:from the original on 5 April 2017
1509:from the original on 5 April 2017
1356:Canada-US Regional Planning Group
807:Allied Forces Northwestern Europe
555:Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic
519:Allied Air Forces Southern Europe
347:NATO Airborne Early Warning Force
224:Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic
222:(ACLANT) on 30 January 1952, the
1383:
1378:Permanent Joint Board on Defence
1303:Multinational Division Northeast
1288:Multinational Division Southeast
584:Central Sub-Area (CENTLANT), in
577:Northern Sub-Area (NORLANT), in
473:Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force
467:Second Allied Tactical Air Force
457:Allied Air Forces Central Europe
184:was given a dual-hatted role as
3074:Istanbul Cooperation Initiative
2858:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
2853:Chair of the Military Committee
2542:NATO Military Command Structure
2433:
2413:
2404:
2385:
2343:
2317:
2302:
2272:
2242:
2216:
2196:
2174:
2149:
2123:
2097:
2066:
2047:
2038:
2007:
1993:
1967:
1949:
1919:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1861:
1848:
1812:
1782:
1748:
1714:
1321:collective defence activities.
1112:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
387:Allied Forces Baltic Approaches
314:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
265:, north of the Belgian city of
257:In 1966, when French president
228:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
155:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
18:NATO Military Command Structure
3116:Science for Peace and Security
3109:eastward NATO expansion issues
1671:
1645:
1613:
1568:
1521:
1495:
1477:
1317:battlegroups and to carry out
1315:NATO Enhanced Forward Presence
1311:initial operational capability
1156:Allied Maritime Command Naples
1138:, Germany, its air component,
1116:United States European Command
1044:NATO Office of Resources (NOR)
1041:Division of Defence Investment
888:Air Control and Command System
857:Central Europe Pipeline System
244:Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
226:joined the previously created
85:1952 NATO organisational chart
13:
1:
2822:Allied Command Transformation
2430:, SGM-1180-53, 3 August 1953.
2350:Babb, Carla (6 August 2018).
1546:10.1080/01402390.2020.1818560
1470:
1265:NATO Undersea Research Centre
1213:Allied Command Transformation
1101:Allied Command Transformation
1026:NATO Office of Security (NOS)
521:(AIRSOUTH), in Naples, Italy
483:Allied Forces Southern Europe
357:Allied Forces Northern Europe
171:Allied Forces Southern Europe
163:Allied Forces Northern Europe
136:
2765:International Military Staff
1534:Journal of Strategic Studies
1405:at the level of NATO Secret.
1292:NATO Force Integration Units
1203:Strategic Airlift Capability
1199:Boeing C-17 Globemaster IIIs
1120:Joint Force Command Brunssum
834:Joint Headquarters Southwest
535:(NAVSOUTH), in Naples, Italy
421:Allied Forces Central Europe
271:Allied Forces Central Europe
167:Allied Forces Central Europe
67:International Military Staff
7:
3054:Atlantic Treaty Association
2053:Allied Command Operations,
1829:. NATO Standing Committee.
1458:
1452:NATO Standardization Agency
1342:Joint Force Command Norfolk
1249:Joint Force Training Centre
1188:NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen
1175:Allied Force Command Madrid
1140:Allied Air Command Ramstein
1079:Planning Committee (DPPC).
961:Military Oceanography Group
884:NATO ACCS Management Agency
193:Allied Forces Mediterranean
10:
3192:
2649:Animus in consulendo liber
2460:
2055:Military Command Structure
1907:Organizations and Agencies
1416:Organizations and agencies
1350:United States Second Fleet
1162:, Italy. It also directed
1128:Joint Force Command Lisbon
1124:Joint Force Command Naples
1083:Military command structure
1068:Defence Planning Committee
840:Organizations and agencies
377:Allied Forces South Norway
367:Allied Forces North Norway
218:With the establishment of
198:sea lines of communication
112:NATO: The First Five Years
76:
3125:
3044:
2871:
2840:
2832:Standardization agreement
2740:
2685:
2640:
1097:Allied Command Operations
1023:Public Diplomacy Division
334:United Kingdom Air Forces
51:Secretary General of NATO
3104:Relationship with Russia
2815:SHAPE International Band
2419:Annex L to Enclosure B,
2060:20 February 2015 at the
1874:20 February 2015 at the
1247:National Joint HQ); the
1231:, Belgium. In June 2009
1015:Civilian structure today
674:Island Command Greenland
275:Chateau de Fontainebleau
252:Commander-in-Chief Fleet
2397:19 October 2013 at the
1366:Allied Command Atlantic
1089:NATO Military Committee
898:NATO Programming Centre
822:United States Air Force
550:Allied Command Atlantic
291:NATO Military Committee
220:Allied Command Atlantic
62:NATO Military Committee
3064:Mediterranean Dialogue
3046:Multilateral relations
2827:Parliamentary Assembly
2492:Pedlow, Dr Gregory W.
1867:Thomas-Durrell Young,
1631:Dr Gregory W. Pedlow,
1403:classified information
1245:Norwegian Armed Forces
1144:Northwood Headquarters
1035:Division of Operations
923:SHAPE Technical Centre
828:
803:Allied Command Channel
739:Allied Command Channel
610:Island Command Iceland
281:, in the Netherlands.
232:Allied Command Channel
215:
146:
125:
96:North Atlantic Council
86:
49:(NPG). Below that the
47:Nuclear Planning Group
39:North Atlantic Council
3094:Partnership for Peace
2732:.nato Internet domain
2695:North Atlantic Treaty
1912:15 April 2011 at the
1856:Jane's Defence Weekly
1505:. NATO. p. 234.
1425:Headquarters for the
1362:Allied Command Europe
1105:High Readiness Forces
825:F-16 Fighting Falcons
815:
692:Iberian Atlantic Area
676:(ISCOMGREENLAND), in
623:Island Command Faroes
568:Eastern Atlantic Area
309:Allied Command Europe
213:
144:
120:
92:Anders Fogh Rasmussen
84:
53:directs the civilian
3084:NATO global partners
2720:potential withdrawal
2209:22 July 2018 at the
2193:, accessed June 2009
2189:13 June 2009 at the
1638:1 March 2013 at the
1237:Joint Warfare Centre
1122:in the Netherlands,
1029:Executive Management
862:NATO Pipeline System
508:(LANDSOUTHEAST), in
151:Dwight D. Eisenhower
3079:Major non-NATO ally
2760:International Staff
2426:20 May 2018 at the
2410:Sean Moloney thesis
1981:on 28 February 2009
1916:, accessed May 2008
1427:NATO Support Agency
1328:, to be located at
1180:Allied Land Command
1150:, air component at
827:in a NATO exercise.
612:(ISCOMICELAND), in
434:Northern Army Group
273:was moved from the
182:Mediterranean Fleet
55:International Staff
2727:Opposition to NATO
2598:on 3 October 2012.
2445:2012-03-30 at the
2213:, 5 February 2015.
1961:2008-04-21 at the
1937:on 14 January 2009
1255:, Poland; and the
987:NATO FORACS Office
829:
789:After the Cold War
625:(ISCOMFAROES), in
447:Central Army Group
216:
189:Commander in Chief
147:
128:Military structure
106:Civilian structure
87:
3158:
3157:
2848:Secretary General
2750:NATO headquarters
2710:List of exercises
2571:. NATO. June 2011
2079:Stars and Stripes
1931:www.nc3a.nato.int
1286:, and that a new
1239:(JWC) located in
1192:Boeing E-3 Sentry
1072:Defence Ministers
935:(NCSA), based in
746:, United Kingdom
574:, United Kingdom
553:(ACLANT), led by
285:Structure in 1989
277:outside Paris to
259:Charles de Gaulle
177:, west of Paris.
32:Structure of the
16:(Redirected from
3183:
3089:Open door policy
2785:Maritime Command
2627:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2591:. Archived from
2590:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2454:
2437:
2431:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2402:
2389:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2327:. Archived from
2321:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2220:
2214:
2200:
2194:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2070:
2064:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1977:. Archived from
1971:
1965:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1933:. Archived from
1923:
1917:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1865:
1859:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1649:
1643:
1629:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1583:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1540:(6–7): 920–956.
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1481:
1370:Washington, D.C.
1263:, Portugal. The
756:, United Kingdom
595:, United Kingdom
588:, United Kingdom
581:, United Kingdom
498:(LANDSOUTH), in
324:ACE Mobile Force
21:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3121:
3040:
2981:North Macedonia
2867:
2836:
2736:
2681:
2636:
2631:
2595:
2588:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2526:
2524:Further reading
2513:
2511:
2510:on 21 July 2011
2507:
2496:
2482:
2480:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2447:Wayback Machine
2438:
2434:
2428:Wayback Machine
2418:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2399:Wayback Machine
2390:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2331:on 14 June 2018
2323:
2322:
2318:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2284:mndne.wp.mil.pl
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2254:mndne.wp.mil.pl
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2211:Wayback Machine
2201:
2197:
2191:Wayback Machine
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2071:
2067:
2062:Wayback Machine
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1963:Wayback Machine
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1914:Wayback Machine
1904:
1900:
1895:
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1876:Wayback Machine
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1646:
1640:Wayback Machine
1630:
1623:
1618:
1614:
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1602:
1585:
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1573:
1569:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1461:
1418:
1386:
1358:
1118:. ACO includes
1085:
1017:
894:) due for 2009.
842:
791:
694:(IBERLANT), in
570:(EASTLANT), in
463:, West Germany
287:
269:. Headquarters
236:English Channel
139:
130:
108:
79:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3171:Bodies of NATO
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
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3112:
3111:
3101:
3096:
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3086:
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3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3031:United Kingdom
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
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2973:
2968:
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2958:
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2948:
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2928:
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2908:
2906:Czech Republic
2903:
2898:
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2560:
2559:External links
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2046:
2044:Pedlow, 13-14.
2037:
2006:
1992:
1966:
1948:
1927:"Service Desk"
1918:
1898:
1889:
1880:
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1858:, 8 June 1991.
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1485:"NATO WEBSITE"
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1385:
1382:
1357:
1354:
1348:who leads the
1280:War in Donbass
1126:in Italy, and
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557:(SACLANT), in
546:
545:
544:
543:
542:
540:US Sixth Fleet
536:
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529:
528:
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503:
485:(AFSOUTH), in
480:
479:
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477:
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454:
453:, West Germany
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436:(NORTHAG), in
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359:(AFNORTH), in
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342:United Kingdom
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312:(ACE), led by
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3036:United States
3034:
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3024:
3022:
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3017:
3014:
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316:(SACEUR), in
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153:as the first
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3135:(METO/CENTO)
3133:Baghdad Pact
2810:STRIKFORNATO
2790:JFC Brunssum
2780:Land Command
2741:
2655:Flag of NATO
2647:
2593:the original
2573:. Retrieved
2512:. Retrieved
2505:the original
2501:aco.nato.int
2500:
2481:. Retrieved
2472:
2450:
2435:
2415:
2406:
2387:
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2355:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:the original
2319:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2283:
2274:
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2253:
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2232:. Retrieved
2218:
2198:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2078:
2068:
2049:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2019:
2009:
1995:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:the original
1969:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1930:
1921:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1863:
1850:
1840:26 September
1838:. Retrieved
1826:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1725:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1691:
1682:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1647:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1590:
1581:
1570:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1497:
1479:
1450:The current
1419:
1387:
1359:
1346:vice-admiral
1323:
1300:
1296:
1277:
1211:
1184:
1172:
1109:
1094:
1086:
1077:
1065:
1018:
843:
830:
820:flying with
800:
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459:(AAFCE), in
442:West Germany
379:(SONOR), in
338:High Wycombe
307:
290:
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217:
202:
179:
175:Rocquencourt
148:
131:
121:
111:
109:
88:
71:
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31:
29:
3150:Suwałki Gap
3139:Balkan Pact
2976:Netherlands
2800:JFC Norfolk
2775:Air Command
2715:Enlargement
2514:18 February
2468:Ismay, Lord
2451:NATO Source
2356:voanews.com
2184:LeFigaro.fr
2181:(in French)
2020:Nato Review
1887:Pedlow, 12.
1774:3 September
1465:NATO summit
1259:(JALLC) in
765:Netherlands
438:Rheindahlen
429:Netherlands
3165:Categories
2971:Montenegro
2966:Luxembourg
2795:JFC Naples
2705:Operations
2672:NATO Medal
2166:18 January
2089:2 February
1471:References
1334:Petr Pavel
1267:(NURC) at
1251:(JFTC) in
1136:Heidelberg
761:Den Helder
451:Heidelberg
393:, Denmark
369:(NON), in
328:Seckenheim
320:, Belgium
137:Beginnings
116:Lord Ismay
2961:Lithuania
2742:Structure
2677:NATO Star
2476:. Paris:
2366:12 August
1740:3 January
1706:3 January
1605:3 January
1562:225310096
1554:0140-2390
1319:Article 5
1269:La Spezia
1253:Bydgoszcz
1241:Stavanger
1233:Le Figaro
927:The Hague
925:(STC) in
744:Northwood
682:Greenland
678:Grønnedal
572:Northwood
407:, Denmark
400:, Germany
398:Rendsburg
381:Stavanger
363:, Norway
353:, Belgium
351:Maisieres
330:, Germany
240:North Sea
3126:See also
3011:Slovenia
3006:Slovakia
2996:Portugal
2891:Bulgaria
2667:NATO Day
2470:(1954).
2443:Archived
2424:Archived
2395:Archived
2360:Archived
2288:Archived
2258:Archived
2228:Archived
2207:Archived
2187:Archived
2141:16 April
2135:Archived
2133:. NATO.
2115:16 April
2109:Archived
2083:Archived
2058:Archived
2024:Archived
2022:. NATO.
1959:Archived
1910:Archived
1872:Archived
1831:Archived
1798:Archived
1768:Archived
1734:Archived
1700:Archived
1657:Archived
1636:Archived
1599:Archived
1507:Archived
1489:Archived
1459:See also
1338:Brunssum
1261:Monsanto
1221:Virginia
796:IV Corps
754:Plymouth
700:Portugal
655:Hamilton
627:Tórshavn
614:Keflavík
586:Plymouth
461:Ramstein
425:Brunssum
405:Ringsted
383:, Norway
373:, Norway
299:Brussels
279:Brunssum
102:(DPPC).
98:and the
45:and the
3146:(SEATO)
3001:Romania
2946:Iceland
2941:Hungary
2931:Germany
2921:Finland
2916:Estonia
2911:Denmark
2901:Croatia
2886:Belgium
2881:Albania
2873:Members
2755:Council
2700:Summits
2687:History
2641:Symbols
2575:7 April
2483:20 July
2461:Sources
2335:16 June
2294:1 April
2264:1 April
2030:15 July
1804:4 April
1663:4 April
1513:4 April
1395:(BICES)
1217:Norfolk
1201:of the
993:(MSIAC)
963:(MILOC)
950:(NEWAC)
908:(NAPMO)
710:Madeira
706:Funchal
659:Bermuda
645:Halifax
618:Iceland
593:Gosport
559:Norfolk
502:, Italy
303:Belgium
263:Casteau
77:History
3026:Turkey
3021:Sweden
2991:Poland
2986:Norway
2956:Latvia
2936:Greece
2926:France
2896:Canada
2841:People
2551:
2234:26 May
1985:14 May
1941:14 May
1905:NATO,
1560:
1552:
1439:A new
1374:Ottawa
1372:, and
1307:Elblag
1168:Kosovo
1160:Naples
1148:Madrid
1003:COMEDS
969:(RTO),
956:(MCMG)
696:Oeiras
669:Azores
649:Canada
579:Rosyth
514:Turkey
500:Verona
487:Naples
361:Kolsås
169:, and
3118:(SPS)
3016:Spain
2951:Italy
2596:(PDF)
2589:(PDF)
2569:(PDF)
2508:(PDF)
2497:(PDF)
2202:BBC,
1834:(PDF)
1823:(PDF)
1558:S2CID
1158:, in
1152:İzmir
816:NATO
510:İzmir
491:Italy
391:Karup
349:, in
336:, in
326:, in
297:, in
2577:2021
2549:ISBN
2516:2015
2485:2024
2478:NATO
2368:2018
2337:2018
2296:2018
2266:2018
2236:2017
2168:2024
2143:2013
2117:2013
2091:2013
2032:2007
1987:2019
1943:2019
1842:2016
1806:2017
1794:NATO
1776:2008
1764:NATO
1742:2008
1730:NATO
1708:2008
1696:NATO
1665:2017
1607:2008
1595:NATO
1550:ISSN
1515:2017
1432:The
1364:and
1229:Mons
1207:Pápa
1164:KFOR
1066:The
959:The
937:Mons
913:NC3O
904:The
892:ACCS
818:E-3A
371:Bodø
318:Mons
267:Mons
248:WUDO
238:and
186:NATO
60:The
30:The
1542:doi
1330:Ulm
1166:in
1134:at
191:of
110:In
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2282:.
2256:.
2252:.
2159:.
2081:.
2077:.
2018:.
1929:.
1825:.
1796:.
1792:.
1766:.
1762:.
1758:.
1732:.
1728:.
1724:.
1698:.
1694:.
1690:.
1655:.
1624:^
1597:.
1593:.
1589:.
1556:.
1548:.
1538:43
1536:.
1532:.
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1380:.
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2093:.
2034:.
2003:.
1989:.
1945:.
1844:.
1808:.
1778:.
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1710:.
1667:.
1642:.
1609:.
1564:.
1544::
1517:.
1005:)
1001:(
890:(
20:)
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