3476:(62, 63) We have culled from the sociological literature, particularly from Srivinas's analysis of Sanskritization, the key differences between the two modes of upward mobility, Sanskritization and Rajputization. Despite the excellent fieldwork on Rajputization by Sinha (1962) and Kulke (1976), there is no clear theoretical definition of the key features of Rajputization, and its differences and similarities to Sanskritization. We argue that theorizing is as important as fieldwork, principally because of the colonial misreading of the term Rajput and its relation to Rajput history and to Rajputization. As a corrective we demarcate the distinction between Sanskritization and Rajputization in terms of attributional criteria - which denotes a code of living, dietary prohibition, modes of worship-and social interactional criteria, which signify the rules of marriage, rules pertaining to women, and modes of power. The attributional criteria for Sanskritization are vegetarianism, prohibition against beef eating, teetotalism, and wearing the sacred thread; the attributional criteria for Rajputized men consists of meat-eating, imbibing alcohol and opium, and the wearing of the sword; the attributional criteria for Rajputized women are seclusion through purdah or the veil and elaborate rules for women's mobility within the village. The religious code for Sanskritization is a belief in the doctrine of karma, dharma, rebirth and moksha and the Sradda ceremony for male ancestors. Conversely, the religious code for Rajputization consists of the worship of Mahadeo and Sakto and the Patronage of Brahmins through personal family priests (historically the Rajputized rulers gave land grants to Brahmins) and the priestly supervision of rites of passage. The social interactional criteria for Sanskritization is claiming the right to all priestly intellectual and cultural vocations, patronage from the dominant political power, and prohibition against widow remarriage. The interactional criteria for Rajputization consists of claiming the right to all military and political occupations, the right to govern, the right to aggrandize lands through wars, sanctioned aggressive behavior, the adoption of the code for violence, compiling clan genealogies and the right to coercively police the interactions between castes.
3547:
as horsemen. It may not be again ignored that the
Pratiharas, one of the clansmen of the Rajputs of early medieval period felt pride to bear the title of hayapati, "the lord of horses". The term rajput is derived from Sanskrit root rajputra (son of the king). Prakrit forms of the term rajputra are variously known as rawat, rauta, raul and rawal. A transformation in connotation of the term is noticeable from 7th century CE onwards as it began to be used in literary texts in the sense of a landowner rather than "son of the king". In the Harshacharita of Banabhatta (7th century CE) the term has been used in the sense of a noble or landowning chief. In Kadambari also it is used for persons of noble descent who were appointed by the king as local rulers. In the capacity of local rulers they might have naturally governed a large portion of land under them and, thus, played an active role in political and administrative system of the state. The term began to be more commonly used from 12th century onwards. In Rajatarangini the term rajputra is used in the sense of a landowner, acclaiming birth from 36 clans of the Rajputs. The reference of 36 clans and their clan structure clearly denotes their existence by 12th century CE. The 12th century Aparajitprachha of Bhatta Bhuvanadeva, which describes the composition of a typical feudal order, refers to rajaputras as constituting a fairly large section of kings holding estates, each one of them constituting one or more villages
2824:
had once been. As people, who created and preserved the genealogies, local bards therefore played critical roles in brokering for their clients socio-cultural transitions to a claimed Rajput status. A similar thing was happening in the Thar desert region, where from the fourteenth century onwards mobile pastoral groups gradually evolved into landed, sedentary and agrarian clans. Once again, it was bards and poets, patronized by little kings, who transformed a clan's ancestors from celebrated cattle-herders or cattle-rustlers to celebrated protectors of cattle-herding communities. The difference was subtle but critical, since such revised narratives retained an echo of a pastoral nomadic past while repositioning a clan's dynastic founder from pastoralist to non-pastoralist. The term 'Rajput', in short, had become a prestigious title available for adoption by upwardly mobile clan in the process of becoming sedentary. By one mechanism or another, a process of 'Rajputization' occurred in new states that emerged from the turmoil following Timur's invasion in 1398, especially in
Gujarat, Malwa and Rajasthan.
4106:
earlierIn both the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, Mughal armies fought bloody battles in this strategic frontier region, and through a mixture of force and coalition, its kingdoms were loosely absorbed into loosely textured Mughal political order. At this time, these armed elites had strong memories of the earlier clan chiefs who had made their mark in turbulent times by adopting known marks of lordship and exalted desent.Yet the varna archetype of the
Kshatriya-like man of prowess did become a key reference point for rulers and their subjects under the Mughals and their immediate successors. The chiefs and warriors whom the Mughals came to honor as Rajput lords in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries may not even have been descendants of Rajasthan's earlier pre-Mughal elites. What mattered instead was that for both these titles and the markers of refined faith and social life which accompanied them, spoke in recognizable terms of exalted blood and ancestry.
3066:, p. 141:...individuals or groups with which the word was associated were generally considered to owe their origin to miscegenation or varna-samkara ("the mixing of castes") and were thus inferior in rank to Ksatriyas. What I perceive from the above data is a rather widespread change in the subjective perception and the attribution of rank to groups and individuals who emerged in Rajasthan and North India as local chiefs and rulers in the period after the muslim invasions(extending roughly from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries). These groups were no longer considered kshatriyas and though they filled roles previously held by kshatriyas and were attributed similar functions of sustaining society and upholding the moral order, they were either groups whose original integrity were seen to have been altered or who had emerged from the lower ranks of the caste system. This change is supported by material from the Rajput chronicles themselves.
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from the main body of their tribe and claim Rajput origin. They not only adopted symbols and practices supposedly representative of the true
Kshatriya, but also constructed genealogies that linked them to the primordial and legendary solar and lunar dynasties of kings. Further, it was pointed out that the caste of genealogists and mythographers variously known as Carans, Bhats, Vahivanca Barots, etc., prevalent in Gujarat, Rajasthan and other parts of north India actively provided their patron rulers with genealogies that linked local clans of these chiefs with regional clans and with the Kshatriyas of the Puranas and Mahabharata. Once a ruling group succeeded in establishing its claim to Rajput status, there followed a 'secondary Rajputization' when the tribes tried to 're-associate' with their formal tribal chiefs who had also transformed themselves into Hindu rajas and Rajput Kshatriyas.
686:
1888:
for battle because of their sedentary lifestyles. However, the martial races were also considered politically subservient, intellectually inferior, lacking the initiative or leadership qualities to command large military formations. The
British had a policy of recruiting the martial Indians from those who has less access to education as they were easier to control. According to modern historian Jeffrey Greenhunt on military history, "The Martial Race theory had an elegant symmetry. Indians who were intelligent and educated were defined as cowards, while those defined as brave were uneducated and backward". According to Amiya Samanta, the martial race was chosen from people of mercenary spirit (a soldier who fights for any group or country that will pay him/her), as these groups lacked nationalism as a trait.
3634:, p. 181–182: "The Rajputs of Rajasthan are not over-concerned either over the date or period when the term ‘Rajput’ entered common usage. However, epigraphical and literary evidence would indicate that it was probably sometime during the c.twelfth-thirteenth centuries AD period that the usage of terms like Rajputra, Kshatriya, Rautt and similar words denoting connections with kingship, and Rajput became established as more or less synonymous words....In Kalhana’s Rajtarangini (VII.390) the word rajaputra is used in the sense of a landowner, but if it is read with VII, vv. 1617 and 1618 of the same book it would be clear that they acclaimed their birth from the 36 clans of the Rajputs. That would lead us to believe that by the beginning of the 12th century AD these clans had already come into existence”
3398:, p. 16: Eventually, kinship and marriage restrictions defined this Rajput group as different from other elements in the society of Rajasthan. The hypergamous marriage pattern typical of Rajputs tacitly acknowledged that it was a somewhat open caste category; by successful service in a state army and translating this service into grants and power at the local level, a family might become Rajput. The process required changes in dress, eating patterns, the patronage of local shrines closer to the "great tradition", and an end to widow remarriage. A hypergamous marriage with an acknowledged (but possibly impoverished) Rajput family would follow and with continued success in service the family would indeed become Rajput. All this is well documented in relations between Rajputs and tribals...
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factors, such as the position of the dominant peasant and land-owning classes, political power and production system in the process of caste mobility of groups. Srinivas further surmises that the varna model became more popular during
British rule. Thus, growing caste rigidity was an indirect effect of British rule. The rise of Rajputs is a classic model of varna mobility in the earlier period. There is a good deal of discussion regarding the origin of Rajputs - whether they were Kshatriyas of they were drawn from other categories in the population including indigenous tribes. Modern historians are more or less agreed that the Rajputs consisted of miscellaneous groups including Shudra and tribals. Some were Brahmans who took to warfare, and some were from Tribes- indigenous of foreign.
624:. Thus, the Rajput identity is not the result of a shared ancestry. Rather, it emerged when different social groups of medieval India sought to legitimise their newly acquired political power by claiming Kshatriya status. These groups started identifying as Rajput at different times, in different ways. Thus, modern scholars summarise that Rajputs were a "group of open status" since the eighth century, mostly illiterate warriors who claimed to be reincarnates of ancient Indian Kshatriyas – a claim that had no historical basis. Moreover, this unfounded Kshatriya status claim showed a sharp contrast to the classical varna of Kshatriyas as depicted in Hindu literature in which Kshatriyas are depicted as an educated and urbanite clan. Historian
3999:
political inclusion into the empire. Prior to the
Mughals, the term 'Rajput' was equally an open-ended, generic name applied to any '"horse soldier", "trooper", or "headman of a village"' regardless of parentage, who achieved his status through his personal ability to establish a wide network of supporters through his bhaibandh (lit. 'ie or bond of brothers'; that is, close collateral relations by male blood) or by means of naukari (military service to a more powerful overlord) and sagai (alliance through marriage). Thus the language of kinship remained nonetheless strong in this alternative construction of Rajput identity but collateral and affinal bonds were stressed rather than those of descent. During the sixteenth and seventeenth cen-
3090:, p. 54:The Indian historian K. R. Qanungo has pointed out that in " the middle ages ' Rajput ' ordinarily meant a trooper in the service of a chief or a free-lance captain(1960,98); and Dirk Kolff(1990), following both Quango and D.C.Sircar has surely settled the matter with his argument that many Rajput clans came out of pastoralist bands which achieved some degree of landed status in the first half of the second millennium, forming "largely open status groups of clans, lineages, or even families and individuals who achieved statuses as 'horse soldier', 'trooper' or 'headman of village', and pretended to be connected with the family of some king, it became a generic name for this military and landed class(p 71-72)
6780:, p. 99 (Para 3): "...Rajput did not originally indicate a hereditary status but rather an occupational one: that is, it was used in reference to men from diverse ethnic and geographical backgrounds, who fought on horseback. In Rajasthan and its vicinity, the word Rajput came to have a more restricted and aristocratic meaning, as exclusive networks of warriors related by patrilineal descent and intermarriage became dominant in the fifteenth century. The Rajputs of Rajasthan eventually refused to acknowledge the Rajput identity of the warriors who lived farther to the east and retained the fluid and inclusive nature of their communities far longer than did the warriors of Rajasthan."
2999:...from gradual transformation of mobile patoral and tribal groups into landed sedentary ones. The process of settlement involved both control over mobile resources through raids, battles and trade as well as channelizing of these resources into agrarian expansion. Kinship structures as well as marital and martial alliances were instrumental in this transformation.In the colonial ethnographic accounts rather than referring to Rajputs as having emerged from other communities, Bhils, Mers, Minas, Gujars, Jats, Raikas, all lay a claim to a Rajput past from where they claim to have 'fallen'. Historical processes, however, suggest just the opposite.
3795:
between
Rajputs that involved cattle raids. Also, a close reading of the lore regarding Rajput folk deities like Pabuji, Mallinath, Gogaji and Ramdeo, who are viewed as protectors of cattle herding communities actually indicates the intense struggle for control over cattle and pasturelands that Rajputs were engaged in. Rajputs extended patronage to Brahmins and Bardic communities like Bhats and Charans who composed detailed genealogies linking Rajput clans to older kshatriya lineages as well as celestial sources, which not only legitimised their claims to aristocracy but also distanced them from their tribal pastoral origins.
2713:, p. 140: "Regarding the initial stages of this history and the origin of the Rajput feudal elite, modern research shows that its claims to direct blood links with epic heroes and ancient kshatriyas in general has no historic substantiation. No adequate number of the successors of these epically acclaimed warriors could have been available by the period of seventh-eights centuries AD when the first references to the Rajput clans and their chieftains were made. almost all Rajput clans originated from the semi-nomadic pastoralists of the Indian north and north-west."
1353:
1936:
1210:
1300:, which had been abolished by Akbar. However, despite imposition of Jaziya Aurangzeb's army had a high proportion of Rajput officers in the upper ranks of the imperial army and they were all exempted from paying Jaziya. He had banned all Hindus from carrying weapons and riding horses but exempted the Rajputs. The Rajputs then revolted against the Mughal empire. Aurangzeb's conflicts with them, which commenced in the early 1680s, henceforth became a contributing factor towards the downfall of the Mughal empire.
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of political power it 'signifies a highly mobile social process of claiming military-political power and the right to cultivate land as well as the right to rule. Rajputization is unparalleled in traditional Indian society for its inventiveness in ideologies of legitimation and self-invention. This was a claim that was used by persons of all castes all over north India ranging from peasants and lower-caste Sudras to warriors and tribal chiefs and even the local raja who had recently converted to Islam.
2321:
4272:"In north India, the dominant features of the period between 7th and 12th centuries have been identified as the growing weakness of state; the growth of the power of local landed elites and their decentralising authority by acquiring greater administrative, economic and political roles; the decline of towns, the setback to trades, especially long distance trade and the alientation of land to the brahmans in larger proportions then ever before. The period is also noted for the rise of the Rajputs
1897:
821:) sought to legitimise the Rajput socio-political status on the basis of descent and kinship. They fabricated genealogies linking the Rajput families to the ancient dynasties, and associated them with myths of origins that established their Kshatriya status. This led to the emergence of what Indologist Dirk Kolff calls the "Rajput Great Tradition", which accepted only hereditary claims to the Rajput identity, and fostered a notion of eliteness and exclusivity. The legendary epic poem
889:
1447:, who was in charge of the Rajput states broke the promise to not interfere as in his view interferences would save the states from "ruin". In 1820, the British removed him from his position and replaced him with Charles Metcalfe. For several decades, "non-interference" in internal affairs remained the official policy. However, according to the historian Lynn Zastoupil, the "British never found it possible or desirable to completely withdraw from interference in Rajput affairs".
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the member of a community with traditions of military labor, any of these men could
Rajputize themselves and their families by adopting the lifestyle traditionally recognized as Rajput. These aspirants deployed Brahmins to compose a genealogy that would retrospectively endow the aspirant’s lineage with ritual purity. These social processes get repeated continually and mirrored by communities all over north India that Rajputize themselves to make a bid for political power.
1195:
863:
3267:
illiterate warriors who wished to consider themselves as the reincarnates of the ancient Indian
Kshatriyas. The claim of Kshatriyas was, of course, historically completely unfounded. The Rajputs as well as other autochthonous Indian gentry groups who claimed Kshatriya status by way of putative Rajput descent, differed widely from the classical varna of Kshatriyas which, as depicted in literature, was made of aristocratic, urbanite and educated clans...
1488:, although there were some revolts in the soldiers commanded by British officers the "Rajpur durbar muskeeters and feudal cavalrymen" did not participate in the 1857 revolt at all. But Crispin Bates is of the opinion that Rajput officers had soft corner for the rebels of 1857 fleeing Delhi who were entering into interior areas of then Rajasthan region. He gives examples of rebels who easily found safe havens in villages of Chittor without arrests.
2140:"Let every Rajput be thoroughly convinced that he will go to jail for ten years for every infant girl he murders, with as much certainty as he would feel about being hanged if he were to kill her when grown up, and the crime will be stamped out very effectually; but so long as the Government show any hesitation in dealing rigorously with criminals, so long will the Rajpoot think he has chance of impunity and will go on killing girls like before."
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courtiers: 'Naked rustics, whose fathers and brothers were with their own hands guiding the plow . . . , rode about as Asaf ud-daula's orderlies. In other words, the Rajputs of Awadh, who along with brahmans constituted the main beneficiaries of what historian Richard Barnett characterizes as "Asaf's permissive program of social mobility," were not willing to let that mobility reach beyond certain arbitrary sociocultural boundaries.
3467:, p. 59-62(59)In our view Rajputization refers neither to a caste nor a race, instead it signifies a highly mobile social process of claiming military-political power and the right tocultivable land as well as the right to rule. Rajputization is unparalleled in traditional Indian society for its inventiveness in ideologies of legitimation and self-invention. The fabrication of a Rajput genealogy in the process of climbing from
2279:
exchange for money or they ended up becoming dancing girls. The scarcity of available brides due to female infanticide led to the kidnapping of low caste women who were sold for marriage to the higher clan Rajputs. Since these "sales" were genuinely for the purpose of marriage, they were considered legal. The lower clans also faced scarcity of brides in which case they married women such as those from Gujar and Jat communities.
2153:"Bridewealth" is discussed in north Indian Rajputs of 19th century India by the historian Malavika Kasturi. She states that Rajputs belonging to social groups where their women worked in the fields received Bridewealth from the groom's family. She adds that evidence shows that the assumption made by officials of the time that female infanticide among clans was a result of poverty and inability to pay dowry is incorrect.
2145:
1889, the proportion of girl children rose to 40%. However, the act was abolished in 1912 as punishments were unable to stop infanticide. A historian concludes that "the act, which only scraped the surface of the problem had been unable to civilize or bring about a social change in a cultural world devaluing girl children". In addition to Rajputs, it was observed that Jats and Ahirs also practised infanticide.
2047:. 40,000 Rajputs gathered on the street of Jaipur in October 1987 for supporting her Sati. A pamphlet circulated on that day attacked independent and westernised women who opposed a woman's duty of worshipping her husband as demonstrated by the practice of Sati. This incident again affirmed the low status of women in the Rajput community and the leaders of this pro-sati movement gained in political terms.
1466:, a British colonial official, was impressed by the military qualities of the Rajputs but is today considered to have been unusually enamoured of them. Although the group venerate him to this day, he is viewed by many historians since the late nineteenth century as being a not particularly reliable commentator. Jason Freitag, his only significant biographer, has said that Tod is "manifestly biased".
1715:) and its neighbouring areas, the word Rajput came to be restricted to certain specific clans, based on patrilineal descent and intermarriages. On the other hand, the Rajput communities living in the region to the east of Rajasthan had a fluid and inclusive nature. The Rajputs of Rajasthan eventually refused to acknowledge the Rajput identity claimed by their eastern counterparts, such as the
1615:
Rajputs were only next to Brahmins in the ritual hierarchy and also gave the secular elite of the state. According to him, the community controlled most of the best agricultural land in the region and this also helped the Rajput Taluqdars who were usually the head of the local Rajput clan to gather support over non-Rajput rival in the electoral politics of the state.
3353:
the functions that had formerly belonged to the Kshatriya, assuming their social and economic position and substituting them as the new warrior class. Ancient illiterate merceneries, the Rajput did not represent a threat to the Brahmininc monopoly and were more inclined to accept the Brahmans' superiority, thus contributing to the so called Hindu restoration.
1556:. Rowe states that at a historic meeting of the caste in 1936, every child in this Noniya section "knew" about their "Rajput heritage". Similarly, Donald Attwood and Baviskar give and example of a caste of shepherds who were formerly Shudras changed their status to Rajput in the Raj era and started wearing the Sacred thread. They are now known as
1251:
wives in Akbar's household and Hindu Rajputs as well as non-Rajput Hindus in his administration to the religious and political policy followed by him towards non-Muslims which included ending the prohibition on the construction of new temples of non -Muslim faiths like Hindu, Jain etc. In 1564 AD, Akbar had also stopped collection of
646:, for example. Such a marriage between someone from a tribal family, and a member of an acknowledged - but possibly poor - Rajput family, would ultimately enable the non-Rajput family to rise to Rajput status. This marriage pattern supports the fact that Rajput was an "open caste category", available to those who served the Mughals.
2803:...and it is very probable that the other fire-born Rajput clans like the Caulukyas, Paramaras, Cahamanas, as well as the Tomaras and others who in the eighth and ninth centuries were subordinate to the Gurjara-Pratiharas, were of similar pastoral origin, that is, that they originally belonged to the mobile, nomadic groups...
4451:'It was a similar combination of political and economic imperatives which led Muhmmad Ghuri, a Turk, to invade India a century and half later in 1192. His defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan, a Rajput chieftain, in the strategic battle of Tarain in northern India paved the way for the establishment of first Muslim sultante'
6102:
Thakurs owned the largest share of the land in most of the districts in Uttar Pradesh; in Oudh, Rajputs were the most prominent talukdars and owned more than 50 percent of the land in most districts. Rajputs and Thakurs are associated with traditional Kshatriya class, the ruling class in the classical Hindu order.
7128:
though poorly of the native troops as a body. Many regarded such troops as childish and simple. The British, claims, David Omissi, believe martial Indians to be stupid. Certainly, the policy of recruiting among those without access to much education gave the British more semblance of control over their recruits.
5545:
Ironically, the Rajput constituency of Awadh itself composed a "group of newcomers to the court, who had been peasant soldiers only a few years before. They were called, half sarcastically, the 'Tilangi Rajas' 'trooper rajas'—the people described by the shocked Muhammad Faiz Baksh as the new Nawab's
4484:
An attack was launched on the Rajput kingdoms controlling the watershed and the western Ganges plain, now beginning to be viewed as the frontier. The Rajputs gathered together as best as they could not forgetting internal rivalries and jealousies. Prithviraja defeated Muhmmad Ghori at First battle of
4238:
The period between the seventh and the twelfth century witnessed gradual rise of a number of new royal-lineages in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, which came to constitute a social-political category known as 'Rajput'. Some of the major lineages were the Pratiharas of Rajasthan,
3794:
Unlike the popular perception, even Rajputs remained engaged with nomadic pastorialism, animal husbandry and cattle trade till much later than it is assumed. Munhata Nainsini in his seventeenth century chronicles, Munhata Nainsi ri Khyat and Marwar ra Paraganan ri Vigat refers to a number of disputes
3619:
Rāuta in these inscriptions are clearly ranked beneath the ranakas, and they are obviously more numerous. In the Mahoba Fort inscription (actually from Kasrak near Badaun), in an entry of 1234, the rautas are spoken off as a jati or caste. Rāuta is actually the Prakrit form of Rajaputra (modern Hindi
2124:
Infanticide has unintended consequences. The Rajput clans of lower ritual status married their daughters to Rajput men of higher ritual status who had lost females due to infanticide. Thus, the Rajputs of lower ritual status had to remain unmarried or resorted to other practices like marrying widows,
1887:
in the period of the British Raj. This was a designation created by administrators that classified each ethnic group as either "martial" or "non-martial": a "martial race" was typically considered brave and well built for fighting, whilst the remainder were those whom the British believed to be unfit
7528:
Banners and Devices - Rajputs had slogans like 'Jai Mataji', 'Rann banka Rathor' and so on painted on their shields. Jagirdars carried their own flags; this served the same purpose as in ancient and ease of deployment for battle. The ruler's banners and flags were carried on elephants, camels and on
5973:
Another example of castes' successful efforts to raise their sacred status to twice-born are the Sagar Rajputs of Poona district. Previously they were considered to be Dhangars—shepherds by occupation and Shudras by traditional varna. However, when their economic strength increased and they began to
3152:
When the rank of persons was in theory rigorously ascribed according to the purity of the birth-group, the political units of India were probably ruled most often by men of very low birth. This generalization applies to south indian warriors and may be equally applicable for many clans of Rajputs in
2978:
Rajputization discussed processes through which 'equalitarian, primitive, clan based tribal organization' adjusted itself to the centralized hierarchic, territorial oriented political developments in the course of state formation. This led a 'narrow lineage of single families' to disassociate itself
2942:
In their recent work on female infanticide, Bhatnagar, Dube and Bube(2005) distinguish between Rajputization and Sanksritization. Using M.N.Srinivas' and Milton Singer's approach to social mobility as idioms they identify Rajputization as one of the most dynamic modes of upward mobility. As an idiom
2529:
The Lingayats, the Gujjars and the Rajputs are three other important castes which belong to the intermediate category. The lingayats who hail from north Karnataka are found primarily in south Maharashtra and Marthwada while Gujjars and Rajputs who migrated centuries ago from north India have settled
2278:
The male children of such unions were identified by their father's names and in some cases as 'dhaibhai'(foster-brothers) and incorporated into the household. Examples are given where they helped their step-brothers in war campaigns. The female children of concubines and slaves married Rajput men in
2227:
were used for males. The "courtly chronicles" say that women who were perceived to be of "higher social rank" were assigned to the "harems of their conquerors with or without marriage". The chronicles from the Rajput courts have recorded that women from Rajput community had also faced such treatment
2167:
Historically, members from the Rajput ruling clans of Rajasthan have also practised polygamy and also took many women they enslaved as concubines from the battles which they won. During numerous armed conflicts in India, women were taken captives, enslaved and even sold, for example, the capture and
7900:
If not, these children became dancing girls or were sold off to other Rajputs as wives.Female infanticide had unintended consequences. The scarcity of girls in many clans of higher status led to the kidnapping of women of lower castes, who were sold to high ranking clans for matrimonial purposes.In
7466:
Despite the widespread unacceptability of alcoholic beverages as offerings to high gods in India (Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi, 1977a : 365-66), when Rajputs 'open a bottle of whiskey, they often tip a little on the ground in an offering to the mother goddess before they drink. They say "Jai Mata-ji"
6141:
and other local government institutions. The mere existence of such a large group of influential caste fellows scattered throughout the countryside gives the taluqdar a substantial advantage over a non-Rajput rival in gathering electoral support. But the taluqdar is usually more than just a Rajput;
6136:
The bulk of the taluqdars, including almost all the Hindu holders of moderate to large estates, are of the Rajput caste. A ritually high caste, second only to the Brahmins, Rajputs have traditionally provided the secular elite of the province. Not only as large Landlords, but as petty zamindars and
4332:
By contrast in Rajasthan a single warrior group evolved called Rajput (from Rajaputra-sons of kings): they rarely engaged in farming, even to supervise farm labour as farming was literally beneath them, farming was for their peasant subjects. In the ninth century separate clans of Rajputs Cahamanas
3546:
The appearance of rajputras as mercenary soldiers is proved as early as 7th century CE from the reference in Bakshali manuscript found in the North-West Frontier Province and subsequently from the Chachnama in Sindh in 8th century CE. In all bardic traditions of this period the Rajputs are depicted
2745:
Paid employment in military service as Dirk H. A. Kolff has recently demonstrated, was an important means of livelihood for the peasants of certain areas of late medieval north India... In earlier centuries, says Kolff, "Rajput" was a more ascriptive term, referring to all kinds of Hindus who lived
2286:
Of note, the mistreatment or enslavement of women was not unique to Rajputs. Datta notes Bachanan's observation in 18th century northern-India that, other than the Rajputs, Khatris and Kayasthas also "openly kept women slaves of any pure tribe". The offsprings of these women formed one matrimonial
1499:
to the present day (1899). They have taken part in almost every campaign undertaken by the Indian armies. Under Forde they defeated the French at Condore. Under Monro at Buxar they routed the forces of the Nawab of Oudh. Under Lake they took part in the brilliant series of victories which destroyed
803:
discuss disputes between Rajputs pertaining to cattle raids. In addition, Folk deities of the Rajputs – Pabuji, Mallinath, Gogaji and Ramdeo were considered protectors of cattle herding communities. They also imply struggle among Rajputs for domination over cattle and pasturelands. The emergence of
771:
was associated with fortified settlements, kin-based landholding, and other features that later became indicative of the Rajput status. According to him, the title acquired "an element of heredity" from c. 1300. A study of 11th–14th century inscriptions from western and central India, by Michael B.
7127:
The Saturday review had made much the same argument a few years earlier in relation to the armies raised by Indian rulers in princely states. They lacked competent leadership and were uneven in quality. Commander in chief Roberts, one of the most enthusiastic proponents of the martial race theory,
4659:
The conquest of Malwa and Chanderi was a prelude to the conquest of Marwar where Maldeo had ascended the gaddi in 1531. He had steadily augmented his power till it comprised almost the whole of western and eastern Rajasthan including Sambhal and Narnaul in Shekhawati. His armies were also said to
3998:
As Dirk Kolff has argued, it was privileged, if not initially inspired, only in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries by Mughal perceptions of Rajputs which, in a pre-form of orientalism, took patrilineal descent as the basis for Rajput social Organization and consequently as the basis for their
3751:
is encyclopaedic in character. The noises and sounds of the city through playing of all kinds of musical instruments, singing of ballads and songs, the shouts of the people, and all kinds of seemly and unseemly acts which would come to one's own sight in a city with its motley crowd are mentioned.
3471:
to king does not constitute an isolated historical event in the early medieval period. In nineteenth-century India, the village landlord, the Brahmin priest, the tribal chieftain, the local Raja who has recently converted from Islam, the newly wealthy lower caste Sudra, the professional soldier or
3352:
Weber however explained this downgrading of their status by the fact that they represented a threat to the cultural and intellectual monopoly of the Brahmans, as they were also extremely cultured and educated in the art of administration. In about the eight century the Rajput thus began to perform
2823:
In Gujarat, as in Rajasthan, genealogy proved essential for making such claims. To this end, local bards composed ballads or chronicles that presented their patrons as idea warriors who protected Brahmins, cows and vassals, as opposed to the livestock herding chieftains that they actually were, or
2144:
However, the practical application of the law faced hurdles. It was difficult to prove culpability as in some cases the Rajput men were employed at a distance although the infants could be killed at their connivance. In most cases, Rajput men were imprisoned only for a short time. Between 1888 and
904:
were disparate: loyalty to a clan was more important than allegiance to the wider Rajput social grouping, meaning that one clan would fight another. This and the internecine jostling for position that took place when a clan leader (raja) died meant that Rajput politics were fluid and prevented the
807:
B.D Chattopadhyaya opines that during its formative stages, the Rajput class was quite assimilative and absorbed people from a wide range of lineages. However, by the late 16th century, it had become genealogically rigid, based on the ideas of blood purity, Dirk Kolff writes. The membership of the
7919:
Buchanan writes that in northern India, the Rajputs, Khatris and Kayasthas openly kept women slaves of any pure tribe, and the children through such women were classed in one matrimonial group . Rich Muslim families in Bihar maintained large number of male slaves called Nufurs and female slaves
3826:
What at first sight might seem to be a change of religion, is often a device to register either recruitment or professional success whether military or otherwise. Very often the Rajput to Afghan change — and, one may add, the peasant to Rajput change — was a similar kind of affair, indicating the
524:
and the bravery of the Rajputs. However, Hiltebeitel says that such "affinities do not point to an unbroken continuity between an ancient epic period" in the Vedic period (3500 BCE - 3000 BCE according to Vaidya) and the "great Rajput tradition" that started in sixteenth-century Rajasthan instead
1614:
formed the major Taluqdars and had controlled over 50 percent of the land in the most districts of the region. Historian Thomas R. Metcalf explains that in the province of Uttar Pradesh, majority of the Taluqdars with moderate to large estates were composed of Rajput caste. He also mentions that
1250:
states that the bards and poets patronized by the Rajput rulers who served Akbar raised Akbar to a "semi-divine" status and gives an example of Akbar being projected as a "divine master" in the "Hindu cosmic order". The writer also finds correlation between the increasing numbers of Hindu Rajput
278:
Over time, the Rajputs emerged as a social class comprising people from a variety of ethnic and geographical backgrounds. From 12th to 16th centuries, the membership of this class became largely hereditary, although new claims to Rajput status continued to be made in the later centuries. Several
6101:
The agricultural castes must be further subdivided into the traditional landowning castes, the cultivating castes, and the castes which provide field laborers. Among the traditional landowning castes, the Thakurs and Rajputs are by far the most important. Before zamindari abolition, Rajputs and
4143:
When Harsha shifted the centre of north Indian history to Kanauj in midst of Ganga-Yamuna Doab the tribes living to the west of this new centre also became more important for further courses of Indian history They were first and foremost the Rajputs who now emerged into the limelight of Indian
2683:
M.N.Srinivas who had used the word "Sanskritization" to denote this process, now accepts accepts that he put too much emphasis originally on the movement of groups towards the varna status of Brahmans. Both Srinivas and B.Stein now emphasize not merely the process of Sanskritization, but other
2270:
communities of that region. These castes of Marwar claimed Rajput descent based on the "census data of Marwar, 1861". However, the research by modern scholars on the forms of "slavery and servitude" imposed by ruling clans of Rajasthan's Rajputs between the 16th and early–19th centuries on the
2025:
By the late 19th century, there was a shift of focus among Rajputs from politics to a concern with kinship. Many Rajputs of Rajasthan are nostalgic about their past and keenly conscious of their genealogy, emphasising a Rajput ethos that is martial in spirit, with a fierce pride in lineage and
1360:
In the late eighteenth century, despite the request from two Rajput rulers for British support, the British East India company initially refused to support the Rajput states in Rajputana region as they had the policy of non-interference and considered the Rajput states to be weak. In the early
1344:, the Rajput constituency of Asaf's court caused stiff opposition to the move despite the fact that the Rajputs themselves were newcomers to the court and were peasant-soldiers a few year before. Rajputs of Awadh along with Brahmins also formed the major groups who gained during Asaf's regime.
1135:
forming their own chieftaincies. These minor Rajput kingdoms were dotted all over the Gangetic plains in modern-day Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. During this process, petty clashes occurred with the local population and in some cases, alliances were formed. Among these Rajput chieftaincies were the
4105:
In the arid hill country what is now Rajasthan, located southwest to the Mughal original strongholds in gangetic plain, powerful lords had been calling themselves as Rajputs, a title derived from the Sanskrit (rajaputra, king's son), as far back as thirteenth century AD and possibly very much
4029:
Confronting the Ghurid ruler now were a number of major Hindu powers, for which the designation 'Rajput' (not encountered in the Muslim sources before the sixteenth century) is a well-established anachronism. Chief among them was the Chahamana (Chawhan) kingdom of Shakambhari (Sambhar), which
3266:
In short, a process of development occurred which after several centuries culminated in the formation of new groups with the identity of 'Rajputs'. The predecessors of the Rajputs, from about the eighth century, rose to politico-military prominence as an open status group or estate of largely
3039:
The term 'Rajput' before the fifteenth century meant 'horse soldier', 'trooper', 'headman of a village' or 'subordinate chief'. Moreover, individuals with whom the word was associated were generally considered to be products of varna–samkara of mixed caste origin, and thus inferior in rank to
1394:
and Muhammad Shah Khan and that the Rajput rulers made multiple petitions to him requesting British protection. Moreover, the Rajput rulers had argued that "British had replaced the Mughal Empire as the supreme power of India and therefore had the responsibility to protect weaker states from
2043:(burning a widow alive) in Rajasthan from 1943 to 1987. According to an Indian scholar, there are 28 cases since 1947. Although the widows were from several different communities, Rajput widows accounted for 19 cases in Rajasthan. The most famous of these cases is of a Rajput woman named
653:" could employ Brahmins to retrospectively fabricate a genealogy and within a couple of generations they would gain acceptance as Hindu Rajputs. This process would get mirrored by communities in north India. This process of origin of the Rajput community resulted in hypergamy as well as
812:, whose rulers had great interest in genealogy. As the various Rajput chiefs became Mughal feudatories, they no longer engaged in major conflicts with each other. This decreased the possibility of achieving prestige through military action, and made hereditary prestige more important.
7158:
Dr . Jeffrey Greenhunt has observed that " The Martial Race Theory had an elegant symmetry. Indians who were intelligent and educated were defined as cowards, while those defined as brave were uneducated and backward. Besides their mercenary spirit was primarily due to their lack of
2058:
was practised by Rajputs of low ritual status trying upward mobility as well as Rajputs of high ritual status. But there were instances where it was not practised and instances where the mother tried to save the infant girl's life. According to the officials in the early Raj era, in
4377:, p. 208 "The Rajputs repelled Arabs from "Stravani and Valla", probably the area North of Jaisalmer and Jodhpur, and the invasion of Malwa but were ultimately defeated by Bappa Rawal and Nagabhata I in 725 AD near Ujjain. Arab rule was restricted to the west of Thar desert."
1655:
Rajput politics refers to the role played by the Rajput community in the electoral politics of India. In states such as Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttrakhand, Jammu, Himachal Pradesh, and Gujarat, the large populations of Rajputs gives them a decisive role.
1228:
and served them in different capacities. It was due to the support of the Rajputs that Akbar was able to lay the foundations of the Mughal empire in India. Some Rajput nobles gave away their daughters in marriage to Mughal emperors and princes for political motives. For example,
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northern India. The capacity of both ancient and medieval Indian society to ascribe to its actual rulers, frequently men of low social origins, a "clean" or "Kshatriya" rank may afford one of the explanations for the durability and longevity of the unique civilization of India.
5819:
This suggests that those who fled Delhi had taken asylum in the villages of Chittor, implying that Rajput officers had sympathy with the rebels, otherwise they could have been arrested at the entry point into Rajasthan. However, they travelled safely through Rajasthan, up to
573:("mixed caste origin") and inferior to Kshatriya. Over time, the term "Rajput" came to denote a hereditary political status, which was not necessarily very high: the term could denote a wide range of rank-holders, from an actual son of a king to the lowest-ranked landholder.
619:
became landed aristocrats, and transformed into the ruling class. These groups assumed the title "Rajput" as part of their claim to higher social positions and ranks. The early medieval literature suggests that this newly formed Rajput class comprised people from multiple
669:
has coined the term "Secondary Rajputisation" for describing the process of members of a tribe trying to re-associate themselves with the former chief of their tribe who had already transformed himself into a Rajput via Rajputisation and thus become Rajputs themselves.
6792:, p. 120 (Para 4): "Kolff's provocative thesis certainly applies to more peripheral groups like the Bundelas of Central India, whose claims to be Rajput were ignored by the Rajput clans of Mughal-era Rajasthan, and to other such lower-status martial communities."
804:
Rajput community was the result of a gradual change from mobile pastoral and tribal groups into landed sedentary ones. This necessitated control over mobile resources for agrarian expansion which in turn necessitated kinship structures, martial and marital alliances.
7405:
People said 'Jai Karni Mata ki', 'Jai Mataji ki', 'Jai Charbhuja ki', 'Jai Gordhan Nath ki', and so on. Different deities were invoked in different places and by different castes. For example, a Jat would never say 'Jai Mata Ki', only a Rajput or a Charan would say
4485:
Tarain north of Delhi, in 1191, a second battle was fought at the same place, Prithviraj was defeated and kingdom of Delhi fell to Muhmmad, who pressed on and concentrated on capturing capital of Rajput kingdoms with the assistance of his General, Qutub-ud-din Aibak
3383:
Since then every known royal family has come from a non - Kshatriya caste, including the famous Rajput dynasties of medieval India . Panikkar also points out that " the Shudras seem to have produced an unusually large number of royal families even in more recent
708:
began to be more commonly used from 12th century onwards to denote a large number of people and a Rājaputra/Rajput caste established itself well before the thirteenth century. The reference to the clan structure of Rajputs in contemporary historical works like
4174:
The anarchy and confusion which followed Harsha's death is the transitional period of history. This period was marked by the rise of the Rajput clans who begun to play a conspicuous part in the history of northern and western India from the eight century AD.
3620:
Rajput); and a Rajaputra caste had established itself well before the thirteenth century......Military prowess converted itself into land control, and we say by the thirteenth century the rajaputras or rāutas had acquired the position of local land magnates
6588:
The Rajputs and Brahmins are the two politically dominant upper castes in the state. The Rajputs being higher in their numerical strength (28 per cent), followed by Brahmins (20 per cent), principally represent and influence the electoral politics in the
533:
who became rulers. However, such "one track arguments" and "contrived evidence" such as shape of the head, cultural stereotypes, etc. are dismissed by Hiltebeitel who refers to such claims and Asopa's epic references as "far-fetched" or "unintelligible".
1269:
is renowned as a "Rajput icon" for firmly fighting with Akbar's forces for the cause of Mewar's freedom. Once Mewar had submitted and alliance of Rajputs reached a measure of stability, matrimonial between leading Rajput states and Mughals became rare.
1874:
recruited heavily from upper castes such as Brahmins and Rajputs of north-central India particularly from the region of Awadh and Bihar. However, after the revolt of 1857 by the Bengal sepoys, the British Indian army shifted recruitment to the Punjab.
525:"raise the question of similarities between the epics' allusions to Vedic Vratya warbands and earlier medieval low status Rajput clans". Hiltebeitel concludes that such attempts to trace Rajputs from epic and Vedic sources are "unconvincing" and cites
1308:
Historian Lynn Zastoupil states that the Mughal Emperors manipulated the appointment of the successor of the Rajput rulers. In the early 18th century, when the Mughal power declined, Rajput states enjoyed a brief period of independence. But soon the
1462:) glorified the Rajput past, presenting warriorhood and honour as Rajput ideals. This later became the basis of the British reconstruction of the Rajput history and the nationalist interpretations of Rajputs' struggles with the Muslim invaders.
7497:
The Muslims shout their battle-cry; the Rajputs cry, 'Jai Mata! Victory to the Mother!' and the Jats shout the war cry of Hanuman the monkey-god. The Japanese, too - they were shouting 'Banzai!' and wielding their samurai swords ... a medieval
1151:
The immigration of Rajput clan chiefs into these parts of the Gangetic plains also contributed the agricultural appropriation of previously forested areas, especially in South Bihar. Some have linked this eastwards expansion with the onset of
6581:
839:. They compiled the Rajput genealogies in the process of settling land disputes, surveying castes and tribes, and writing history. These genealogies became the basis of distinguishing between the "genuine" and the "spurious" Rajput clans.
1514:(widow immolation) were other matters of concern to the British. It was believed that the Rajputs were the primary adherents to these practices, which the British Raj considered savage and which provided the initial impetus for British
6567:
Findings from surveys conducted by the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) in Delhi estimate an average of 40% of the voters in Delhi belong to the upper castes. About 12% are Brahmins, 7% are Punjabi Khatris, 7% are
3321:
Eventually the position of the old Kshatriya nobility was undermined not only by the Brahmin priests but also by the rise of a warrior caste in northwest India. Most of the Rajputs were illiterate mercenaries in the service of a
1320:
By 1765, Awadh had become ally of the British East India Company and the increase in demand for revenue led to a continuous tussle in between the Nawab of Awadh and Rajput leadership bringing political instability in the region.
1087:
inherited a troubling kingdom after death of his brothers but through his capable rule turned traditional kingdom of Mewar into one of the greatest power in northern India during the early 16th century. Sanga defeated Sultans of
834:
Despite these developments, migrant soldiers made new claims to the Rajput status until as late as the 19th century. In the 19th century, the colonial administrators of India re-imagined the Rajputs as similar to the Anglo-Saxon
2354:, Rajput painting symbolised the divide between Muslims and Hindus during Mughal rule. The styles of Mughal and Rajput painting are oppositional in character. He characterised Rajput painting as "popular, universal and mystic".
1365:
realised how alliance with the Rajputs had benefited the Mughals and believed that a similar alliance may give the East India company political advantage in India. In his journal, in January 1815, he noted that Rajput states -
5338:
1002:
and its Rajput ruler Bhimdev Solanki fled his capital. Rajput rulers at Gwalior and Kalinjar were able to hold off assaults by Maḥmūd, although the two cities did pay him heavy tribute. By last quarter of 12th century,
2090:
over the baby's face to prevent respiration". Other ways were to leave the infant to die without food and if she survived the first few hours after birth, she was given poison. A common way to poison the infant during
568:
The word "rajput" meant 'horse soldier', 'trooper', 'headman of a village' or 'subordinate chief' before the 15th century. Individuals with whom the word "rajput" was associated before the 15th century were considered
5609:
What nation on earth could have maintained the semblance of civilization, the spirit or the customs of their forefathers, during so many centuries of overwhelming depression, but one of such singular character as the
1710:
The term "Rajput" denotes a cluster of castes, clans, and lineages. It is a vaguely-defined term, and there is no universal consensus on which clans make up the Rajput community. In medieval Rajasthan (the historical
5316:
4302:"In about the eighth century B.C. the Rajput thus began to perform the functions that had formerly belonged to the Kshatriya, assuming their social and economic position and substituting them as the new warrior class
445:
and tribals. Some were Brahmans who took to warfare, and some were from Tribes- indigenous or foreign". Thus, the Rajput community formation was a result of political factors that influenced caste mobility, called
2228:
by the Rajputs from the winning side of a battle. There are also a number of records between the late 16th to mid–19th century of the Rajputs immolating the queens, servants, and slaves of a king upon his death.
576:
According to scholars, in medieval times "the political units of India were probably ruled most often by men of very low birth" and this "may be equally applicable for many clans of 'Rajputs' in northern India".
1241:
had Rajput mothers. Although Rajput rulers provided the brides to the Mughals, neither Akbar nor his successors provided brides to the Rajput rulers. For example, Akbar got this sisters and daughters married to
665:, was a mode for upward mobility, but it differed from Sanskritisation in other attributes, like the method of worship, lifestyle, diet, social interaction, rules for women, and marriage, etc. German historian
6656:
1007:
defeated and executed the last of Ghaznavid rulers and captured their region along with plundering Ghazna, the capital of Ghaznavids. After capturing the northwest frontier, he invaded Rajput domain. In 1191,
7742::Only the Sisodia clan of Mewar in southern Rajasthan proudly claiming pre-eminence among the Rajput clans, refused to send its women to the Mughal Harem, resulting in the siege and mass suicide at Chittor.
7436:
In fact the greeting used by Bhati Rajputs is 'Jai - sri' or 'Jai - sri - Kishan' ( victory to Lord Krishna ) as opposed to the general Rajput greeting 'Jai - mata - jiri' (victory of the Mother Goddess).
3524:"By the sixth century AD, there are historical indications of the group calling themselves Rajput settle in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Over the course of ten centuries they came to control land and people
993:
and later under Khoman fought off invasions by Arab generals and restricted them only until the border of Rajasthan but failed to recapture Sindh. By the first quarter of 11th century, Turkic conqueror
4579:
From 1326, Mewar's grand recovery commenced under Lakha, and later under Kumbha and Sanga, till it became one of the greatest powers in northern India during the first quarter of the sixteenth century.
3752:
Here we get an account of delicacies in medieval Mithila. We get not only a list of seventy-two Rajput clans but also of eighty-four siddhas and further mention of countries like Khorasan and Gandhara.
7732:( iii ) Amongst the Rajputs it was a common practice that a mother's breast was smeared with the preparation of 'dhatura ' or Mudar plant or the poppy. The infant drank the milk along with the poison.
6616:
1324:
In one 18th century example given by Pinch, Rajputs of Awadh countered the upward mobility of some of the peasant castes, who by virtue of their economic prosperity sought higher status by wearing
1975:
festival, after which a Rajput is considered "free to indulge his passion for rapine and revenge". The Rajput of Rajasthan also offer a sacrifice of water buffalo or goat to their family goddess (
923:
However, other scholarly opinion staged emergence of Rajput clans as early as seventh century AD. when they start to make themselves lords of various localities and dominate region in current day
1112:
through Mughal's use of Gunpowder which was unknown in Northern India at the time. His fierce rival Babur in his autobiography acknowledged him as the greatest Hindu king of that time along with
642:"marrying up", combined with service in the state army was another way a tribal family could "become" Rajput. This process required a change in dress, diet, worship, and other traditions, ending
6484:
853:
6625:
According to Uttarakhand Department of Social Justice and Empowerment, Rajputs constitute 35 percent of the total population and Brahmins 25 percent, together they constitute over 60 percent.
6558:
275:: several clans claim Rajput status, although not all claims are universally accepted. According to modern scholars, almost all Rajput clans originated from peasant or pastoral communities.
5974:
acquire land, they found a genealogist to trace their ancestry back to a leading officer in Shivaji's army, changed their names from Dhangars to Sagar Rajputs, and donned the sacred thread.
2164:
as overlords over the Rajput clans. The Sisodia clan of Mewar was an exception as they refused to send their women to the Mughal Harem which resulted in siege and mass suicide at Chittor.
815:
According to David Ludden, the word "Rajput" acquired its present-day meaning in the 16th century. According to Kolff, during 16th and 17th centuries, the Rajput rulers and their bards (
7239:
The principal followers of the deity are Charans, who are also the priests and belong to the community to which Karni Mata belonged, and Rajputs who worship her as their family deity .
1577:
in 1947, the princely states, including those of the Rajput, were given three options: join either India or Pakistan, or remain independent. Rajput rulers of the 22 princely states of
529:
and B.D. Chattopadhyaya to label Vaidya's historiography on Rajputs as "often hopeless". A third group of historians, which includes Jai Narayan Asopa, theorised that the Rajputs were
484:. While many of these colonial writers propagated this foreign-origin theory in order to legitimise the colonial rule, the theory was also supported by some Indian scholars, such as
4068:
is a retrospective invention, as most of the martial literature of resistance to Turkish conquest dates only from the mid-fifteenth century onward. As Dirk Kolff has noted in his
2120:"to kill one woman is equal to one hundred brahmins, to kill one child is equal to one hundred women, while to kill one hundred children is an offence too heinous for comparison".
263:, is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the northern part of the
6357:
6312:
5805:
Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume VI: Perception, Narration and Reinvention: The Pedagogy and Historiography of the Indian Uprising
4239:
Uttar Pradesh and adjacent areas, the Guhilas and Chahamanas of Rajasthan, the Caulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Rajasthan and the Paramaras of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
4208:
The role of the Rajputs in the history of northern and eastern India is considerable, as they dominated the scene between the death of Harsha and establishment of Muslim empire
4072:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), the invention of "Rajput" identity can be dated to the sixteenth-century narratives of nostalgia for lost honor and territory.
290:
The Rajput population and the former Rajput states are found in northern, western, central and eastern India, as well as southern and eastern Pakistan. These areas include
5325:
In 1679, Aurangzeb revived the jizya or poll tax on non-Muslims. He also dismissed many non- Muslim clerks. All Hindus except the Rajput, were forbidden to carry weapons.
3827:
pervading impact of soldiering traditions on North Indian social history. The military labour market, in other words, was a major generator of socio-religious identities.
1032:, Prithviraj fled the battlefield but was caught near Sirsa and was executed by Ghurids. Following the battle, the Delhi Sultanate became prominent in the Delhi region.
1643:. Some Rajputs in various states, as with other agricultural castes, demand reservations in Government jobs. In 2016, Sikh Rajputs were added under Backward Classes in
6154:
6637:
2302:
today were formally classified Shudra but had successfully converted to Rajput status during the rule of Chand Rajas (that ended in 1790). Similarly, the Rajputs of
6339:
920:
invaders, although the Rajput identity for a lineage did not exist at this time, these lineages were classified as aristocratic Rajput clans in the later times.
831:, fostered a sense of unity among these clans. The text thus contributed to the consolidation of the Rajput identity by offering these clans a shared history.
808:
Rajput class was now largely inherited rather than acquired through military achievements. A major factor behind this development was the consolidation of the
1919:
are popular deities worshipped by the Hindu Rajputs. Lord Shiva's image is found in the shrines in the homes of many of the Rajput families. In Sikh Rajputs,
998:
launched several successful military expeditions in the territories of Rajputs, defeating them everytime and by 1025 A.D, he demolished and looted the famous
6617:"Influence of Caste, Education and Family on Women's Participation in Village Panchayats of Uttarakhand with special reference to Ukhimath and Raipur block"
6286:
1233:
accomplished 40 marriages for himself, his sons and grandsons, out of which 17 were Rajput-Mughal alliances. Akbar's successors as Mughal emperors, his son
2068:
1585:
in exchange for their acquiescence, but a series of land reforms over the following decades weakened their power, and their privy purse was cut off during
1477:
provided a large numbers of leaders to the revolt of 1857 in that region. Kunwar Singh, a Rajput Zamindar was an important leader in Bihar region in the
1443:
by 1823. The British promised to protect the Rajput states from their adversaries and not interfere in internal affairs in exchange for tribute. However,
789:
Rajputs were involved in nomadic pastoralism, animal husbandry and cattle trade until much later than popularly believed. The 17th century chronicles of
460:
discusses three theories by Raj era and early writers for Rajput origin and gives the reasons as to why these theories are dismissed by modern research.
8694:
2176:
in 1807. The enslaved women were referred to by different terms according to the conditions imposed on them, for example, a "domestic slave" was called
4612:
He was immediately challenged by assembled Rajput forces under Rana Sanga of Chittor who was reckoned by Babur as one of the two greatest Hindu rulers
1265:
made it a point of honour not to engage in matrimonial relationships with Mughals and thus claimed to stand apart from those Rajput clans who did so.
5953:
As one example among thousands, a small caste living partly in the Nira Valley was formerly known as Shegar Dhangar and more recently as Sagar Rajput
1581:
acceded to newly independent India, amalgamated into the new state of Rajasthan in 1949–1950. Initially the maharajas were granted funding from the
677:
was reserved for the immediate relatives of a king; scholars like BD Chattopadhyay believe that it was used for a larger group of high-ranking men.
6601:
5205:
767:
Historian Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya, based on his analysis of inscriptions (primarily from Rajasthan), believed that by the 12th century, the term
6256:
6114:
Thomas, Metcalf; Metcalf, Thomas R.; Metcalf, Professor of History and Sarah Kailath Professor of India Studies Thomas R.; Kailath, Sarah (2005).
3474:
With surprising rapidity the newly Rajputized family or clan can gain, over a generation or two, social acceptance of their claim to Rajput status
476:
myth was invented to conceal their foreign origin. According to this theory, the Rajputs originated when these invaders were assimilated into the
6230:
3662:
The rājaputras began to form a loose federation of castes well before the twelfth century in a manner characteristic of the Indian social system.
2766:
Rajput: Pastoral, mobile warrior groups who achieved landed status in the medieval period claimed to be Kshatriyas and called themselves Rajputs.
2017:
states that like other martial races of South Asia, Rajputs have a reputation for being Hospitable i.e. they welcome and are friendly to guests.
1983:. The ritual requires slaying of the animal with a single stroke. In the past this ritual was considered a rite of passage for young Rajput men.
1590:
1278:
One of the most conspicuous event of Shah Jahan's period was rebellion of Bundela rajputs, which was crushed by prince Aurangzeb with iron hand.
2569:
649:
Rajput formation continued in the colonial era. Even in the 19th century, anyone from the "village landlord" to the "newly wealthy lower caste
3759:
2211:
women, cooks, nurses, tailors, washer–women. For children born from the "illegitimate union" of Rajputs and their "inferiors", the terms like
1790:
541:. Tanuja Kothiyal states: "In the colonial ethnographic accounts rather than referring to Rajputs as having emerged from other communities,
8767:
3645:
1525:
During the British rule their love for pork, i.e. wild boar, was also well known and the British identified them as a group based on this.
1257:
from non-Muslims, a tax considered as discriminatory by several non-Muslims which also consisted of his Hindu Rajput officials. The ruling
1044:
6503:
5223:
2340:
496:
and that the entire 9th-10th century Indian populace was composed of only one race - the Aryans who had not yet mixed with the Shudras or
9144:
1100:
several times in various battles and expanded his kingdom. Sanga led a grand alliance of Rajput rulers and defeated the Mughal forces of
697:. However, scholarly opinions differ on when the term Rajput acquired hereditary connotations and came to denote a clan-based community.
6383:
5009:
Interrogating International Relations: India's Strategic Practice and the Return of History War and International Politics in South Asia
9139:
9124:
2271:
captured women faces hurdles because of the "sparse information", "uneven record–keeping", and "biased nature of historical records".
1593:. The estates, treasures, and practices of the old Rajput rulers now form a key part of Rajasthan's tourist trade and cultural memory.
6384:"Caste politics in North, West and South India before Mandal : The low caste movements between sanskritisation and ethnicisation"
565:, all lay a claim to a Rajput past from where they claim to have 'fallen'. Historical processes, however, suggest just the opposite".
8130:
Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya (1994). "Origin of the Rajputs: The Political, Economic and Social Processes in Early Medieval Rajasthan".
6682:
6528:
9164:
2422:
1636:
7858:
These slave communities were known by various names, such as Darogas, Chakars, Hazuris, Ravana- Rajputs, Chelas, Golas and Khawas.
6462:
5859:
Bates, Crispin (1995). "Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry". In Robb, Peter (ed.).
9154:
9129:
8722:
7219:
Several Charani goddesses like Avad, Karni, Nagnechi, Sangviyaan, Barbadi, among others are revered by Rajputs as patron deities.
3740:
3675:
1052:
3582:
The use of the term Rajaputra for specific clans of Rajput or as a collective term for various clans emerged by the 12th century
1742:
delineate claimed descent from various sources, and the Rajput are generally considered to be divided into three primary vansh:
1607:
in 1947, while retaining his title until the monarchy was abolished in 1971 by the 26th amendment to the Constitution of India.
1399:
agreed with this reasoning. One by one, many Rajput states in Rajputana came under British protection and became their allies -
7202:
6416:
2548:
1519:
7172:
6137:
substantial peasant cultivators, Rajputs control most of the productive agricultural land and have long dominated the village
6064:
3538:"NANDINI SINHA KAPUR: State Formation in Rajasthan: Mewar during the Seventh-Fifteenth Centuries. 308pp. Delhi: Manohar, 2002"
685:
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8558:
8537:
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8360:
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8294:
8273:
8249:
8225:
8183:
8162:
8096:
8032:
7893:
7708:
7668:
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7598:
7552:
7521:
7490:
7459:
7429:
7398:
7359:
7329:
7212:
7182:
7151:
7120:
7056:
6994:
6948:
6914:
6880:
6747:
6717:
6666:
6538:
6511:
6214:
6129:
6027:
5997:
5946:
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5843:
5812:
5787:
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5569:
5504:
5422:
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5179:
5096:
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5017:
4990:
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4824:
4796:
4767:
4686:
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4605:
4555:
4511:
4477:
4444:
4410:
4356:
4333:(Chauhans), Paramaras (Pawars), Guhilas (Sisodias) and Caulukyas were splitting off from sprawling Gurjara Pratihara clans...
4325:
4295:
4265:
4231:
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4167:
4136:
4098:
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3419:
3345:
3314:
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2558:
2395:
7901:
some cases women from semi-nomadic communities were married to Rajput bridegrooms of this level in exchange for bride wealth
5152:
1723:
or descendants of Kshatriyas, but their actual status varies greatly, ranging from princely lineages to common cultivators.
1396:
1313:
started collecting tribute from and harassing some Rajput states. Some Rajput states, in the 1780s appealed to the British
1292:
Akbar's diplomatic policy regarding the Rajputs was later damaged by the intolerant rules introduced by his great-grandson
7287:
5494:
581:
explains that this process of allowing rulers, frequently of low social origin, a "clean" rank via social mobility in the
9149:
9134:
7805:"Embodying Royal Concubinage: Some Aspects of Concubinage in Royal Rajput Household of Marwar, (Western Rajasthan) C. 16"
3938:
2390:
857:
280:
217:
5347:
Aurangzeb issued orders barring all Hindus, with the exception of Rajputs, from riding elephants, horses, or palanquins.
5125:
1035:
The Rajputs fought against Sultans of Delhi from Rajasthan and other adjoining areas. By first quarter of 14th century,
493:
7779:
2432:
1601:
8678:
Poets, Sants, and Warriors: The Dadu Panth, Religious Change and Identity Formation in Jaipur State Circa 1562–1860 CE
7010:
Rand, Gavin (March 2006). "Martial Races and Imperial Subjects: Violence and Governance in Colonial India 1857–1914".
5034:
2636:
2514:
Rise of the Plebeians?: The Changing Face of the Indian Legislative Assemblies (Exploring the Political in South Asia)
9169:
9119:
8468:
8426:
8381:
8204:
8141:
8120:
8056:
7997:
7090:
6846:
5904:
5623:
5477:
5449:
5299:
5233:
5189:
5162:
5135:
5044:
4725:
3517:
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3376:
3259:
3190:
3111:
2796:
2676:
2620:
2610:
2579:
2522:
2488:
2133:
or nomads. This resulted in widening the gap between Rajputs of low ritual status and Rajputs of high ritual status.
5177:
3411:
Recent Research on Max Weber's Studies of Hinduism: Papers Submitted to a Conference Held in New Delhi, 1.-3.3. 1984
1955:, which includes heavy use of swords and shields. This exercise was later included in the folk dances of Bihar and
1911:, whom many Rajput clans worship as family goddess and link their community's existence or survival in dire times.
1189:
5439:
9114:
9109:
9104:
7252:
7232:
6940:
Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries
3251:
Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries
2784:
Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest : 11Th-13th Centuries
1647:
but after protest by the community, the government announced that they will be again put under General Category.
537:
Recent research suggests that the Rajputs came from a variety of ethnic and geographical backgrounds and various
8656:
3789:
2455:
1967:, the distribution of daggers and coconuts. Another affirmation of the Rajput's reverence for his sword was the
454:
by others. Modern scholars agree that nearly all Rajputs clans originated from peasant or pastoral communities.
441:
states: "Modern historians are more or less agreed that the Rajputs consisted of miscellaneous groups including
8088:
Dialogue & Daggers: Notion of Authority and Legitimacy in the Early Delhi Sultanate (1192 C.E. – 1316 C.E.)
7941:
7737:
7189:
Among the crowds are many Rajputs who link their community's existence, or survival, to the help of Karni Mata.
5531:
5289:
3655:
3507:
2646:
1491:
In reference to the role of the Rajput soldiers serving under the British banner, Captain A. H. Bingley wrote:
693:
There are historical indications of the group calling themselves Rajputs by sixth century AD which settled in
2136:
In the late 19th century, to curb the practice, the act VIII of 1870 was introduced. A magistrate suggested:
7097:
Apart from their physique, the martial races were regarded as politically subservient or docile to authority
4363:
From around 1000 ce, notable among these regional powers were various Rajput dynasties in the west and north
6004:
The twenty-two princely states that were amalgamated in 1949 to form a political entity called Rajasthan...
402:
8715:
7627:
6754:...the region's erstwhile ruling aristocracy, a cluster of clans and lineages bearing the label 'Rajput'.
6683:"National Population and Housing Census 2021 National Report on Caste/ethnicity, Language & Religion"
5036:
The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 3, The Eastern Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries
2055:
1505:
1040:
632:
who also considers the famous Rajput dynasties of medieval India to have come from non-Kshatriya castes.
17:
9174:
8412:
6264:
5219:
4287:
Max Weber's Theory of Personality: Individuation, Politics and Orientalism in the Sociology of Religion
4251:
3337:
Max Weber's Theory of Personality: Individuation, Politics and Orientalism in the Sociology of Religion
2662:
1287:
438:
1552:(Rajput Advancement Society) in 1898 and emulating the Rajput lifestyle. They also started wearing of
8346:
5658:"The story of archaeological, historical and antiquarian researches in Rajasthan before independence"
2071:
would kill their daughters if they were rich but profit from getting them married if they were poor.
1391:
978:
932:
6545:
Brahmins constitute between 10 to 11 percent of UP's population while Rajputs are at 7 to 8 percent.
6168:
604:
warriors fighting side by side as well as other medieval and contemporary texts show claims made by
9017:
7771:
7082:
Khaki and the Ethnic Violence in India: Army, Police, and Paramilitary Forces During Communal Riots
6724:
The term Rajput denotes a cluster of castes that are accorded Kshatriya status in the varna system.
6206:
Villages, Women, and the Success of Dairy Cooperatives in India: Making Place for Rural Development
2100:
1478:
489:
7254:
A Critical Study of Rajasthani Literature, with Exclusive Reference to the Contribution of Cāraṇas
1544:. A large section of this caste that had "become" "Chauhan Rajputs" over three generations in the
8840:
7571:
6121:
6050:
4070:
Naukar, Rajput and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market in Hindustan, 1450-1850
3811:
Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450-1850
3721:
1604:
1029:
156:
31:
7421:
If Rain Doesn't Come: An Anthropological Study of Drought and Human Ecology in Western Rajasthan
2478:
2306:
were originally of low ritual status and did not wear the sacred thread until the 20th century.
719:
along with other epigraphic evidences indicates their existence as a community by 12th century.
9099:
8708:
3458:
1317:
for assistance against the Marathas but their requests for assistance were denied at the time.
1017:
100:
8569:
8437:
8350:
8086:
8046:
7883:
7763:
7698:
7631:
7321:
6938:
6870:
6017:
5987:
5936:
5777:
5750:
5604:
5412:
5385:
5007:
4980:
4926:
4501:
4434:
4400:
4285:
4047:
3335:
3304:
3249:
2997:
2782:
2728:
2512:
2287:
group. Similarly, affluent Muslim families in Bihar kept both male and female slaves – called
516:. Vaidya bases this theory on certain attributes - such as bravery and "physical strength" of
8845:
8762:
8482:
8371:
8326:
8305:
8263:
8173:
8152:
8110:
7985:
7920:
called Laundis . A distinct class of slaves known as Molazadahs were also maintained by them.
7658:
7349:
7141:
6904:
6737:
6559:"SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF VOTING PATTERNS IN RESERVED CONSTITUENCIES:DELHI ASSEMBLY ELECTION,2015"
6441:
6390:
5894:
5657:
5559:
5178:
Marta Kudelska, Dorota Kamińska-Jones, Agnieszka Sylwia Staszczyk, Agata Świerzowska (2019).
5086:
4953:
4784:
4757:
4715:
4678:
Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870
4676:
4545:
4315:
4088:
3981:
3809:
3293:, p. 150: Rajputs were, with some exceptions, almost totally illiterate as a caste group
3178:
2821:
2246:'s royal Rajput households, the women who underwent concubinage also included women from the
1458:
1424:
936:
875:
866:
During their centuries-long rule, the Rajputs constructed several palaces. Shown here is the
8458:
8215:
8022:
6709:
4012:
8895:
8757:
6638:"PoliticsBihar's Much-Awaited Caste Census Puts OBC-EBC Groups at Politically Dominant 63%"
2336:
1963:. On special occasions, a primary chief would break up a meeting of his vassal chiefs with
1771:
1632:
1628:
1582:
1528:
Some unrelated communities tried to change their status to Rajput during the Colonial era.
1132:
1064:
5359:
2125:
levirate marriages (marrying brother's widow) as well as marrying low-caste women such as
2112:
Social activists in the early nineteenth century tried to stop these practices by quoting
1518:
studies of the subcontinent that eventually manifested itself as a much wider exercise in
1352:
1071:
and recaptured Rajasthan from Delhi sultanate. In the 15th century, the Muslim sultans of
8:
8872:
7915:
Survey of India's Social Life and Economic Condition in the Eighteenth Century, 1707-1813
3503:
2385:
2351:
940:
880:
694:
621:
398:
264:
112:
8024:
Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadi among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits
7048:
Martial Races: The military, race and masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914
6986:
Martial Races: The Military, Race and Masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914
6771:
6187:
Reservational Justice to Other Backward Classes (Obcs): Theoretical and Practical Issues
2638:
Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval and the expansion of Islam
912:
designation for leading martial lineages of 11th and 12th centuries that confronted the
7824:
7027:
6595:
5701:
5270:
5199:
4865:
4122:
2544:
2106:
2014:
1871:
1574:
1340:
in Awadh, when a section of Awadhiya Kurmi were about to be bestowed with the title of
1314:
1009:
975:
828:
654:
7559:
Such hospitality is central to Rajputs, as it is to other martial castes of South Asia
585:
serves as one of the explanations of the longevity of the unique Indian civilisation.
397:. The word first appears in a sense other than its literal meaning in the 7th century
8641:
8620:
8599:
8575:
8554:
8533:
8488:
8478:
8464:
8443:
8422:
8398:
8377:
8356:
8332:
8311:
8290:
8269:
8245:
8221:
8200:
8179:
8158:
8137:
8116:
8092:
8073:
8052:
8028:
7993:
7937:
7889:
7849:
7816:
7785:
7775:
7759:
7704:
7664:
7637:
7594:
7548:
7517:
7486:
7455:
7425:
7394:
7355:
7325:
7314:
7208:
7178:
7147:
7116:
7086:
7052:
7031:
6990:
6944:
6910:
6876:
6842:
6743:
6713:
6662:
6534:
6507:
6210:
6125:
6023:
5993:
5942:
5900:
5866:
5839:
5808:
5783:
5756:
5729:
5665:
5629:
5598:
5565:
5527:
5500:
5473:
5445:
5418:
5391:
5295:
5262:
5229:
5185:
5158:
5131:
5092:
5065:
5040:
5013:
4986:
4959:
4932:
4893:
4857:
4820:
4792:
4763:
4721:
4682:
4648:
4601:
4551:
4507:
4473:
4440:
4406:
4352:
4321:
4291:
4261:
4227:
4197:
4163:
4132:
4094:
4053:
4018:
3987:
3815:
3706:
or 'king's son' had approximately acquired the connotations of the 'Rajput' caste ...
3691:
3651:
3608:
3571:
3564:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
3513:
3445:
3415:
3372:
3341:
3310:
3255:
3186:
3141:
3131:
3107:
3028:
2967:
2931:
2792:
2734:
2724:
2672:
2642:
2616:
2575:
2554:
2518:
2484:
2428:
2229:
2113:
1631:. This means that they have no access to reservations. But they are classified as an
1496:
1470:
1247:
1209:
1089:
1076:
1068:
964:
928:
635:
625:
497:
368:
140:
136:
124:
116:
6702:
3680:
Al-Hind, Volume 1 Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries
2343:. The term is also used to describe the style of these paintings, distinct from the
1532:, discusses an example of a Shudra caste - the Noniyas (caste of salt makers)- from
437:
The origin of the Rajputs has been a much-debated topic among historians. Historian
9094:
8589:
8235:
8106:
7019:
6072:
5692:
Meister, Michael W. (1981). "Forest and Cave: Temples at Candrabhāgā and Kansuāñ".
4849:
4812:
3805:
3683:
2788:
2303:
2192:; and a woman who was "permitted to wear the veil" like Rajput queens was called a
1677:
1444:
1224:
After the mid-16th century, many Rajput rulers formed close relationships with the
1202:
1109:
1105:
1004:
986:
952:
643:
582:
538:
485:
323:
311:
209:
205:
152:
148:
104:
96:
6358:"Rajputs to be accorded back general status, as per demand, says Punjab CM Channi"
5291:
Caste, society and politics in India from the eighteenth century to the modern age
4503:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One
4402:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One
4090:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
8992:
8890:
8792:
8676:
8635:
8614:
8593:
8548:
8527:
8507:
8460:
Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert
8416:
8392:
8284:
8239:
8194:
8131:
8067:
8018:
7843:
7725:
7542:
7511:
7480:
7449:
7419:
7388:
7345:
7204:
Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert
7112:
Prostitution, Race, and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire
7110:
7080:
7046:
6984:
6836:
6658:
Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India polls
6204:
6115:
6094:
5966:
5860:
5833:
5723:
5521:
5465:
4642:
4625:
4595:
4591:
4572:
4528:
4467:
4346:
4255:
4221:
4191:
4157:
4126:
3602:
3439:
3409:
3366:
3135:
3101:
3022:
2961:
2925:
2924:
Mayaram, Shail (2010). "The Sudra Right to Rule". In Ishita Banerjee-Dube (ed.).
2759:
2666:
2363:
2344:
2332:
2315:
2280:
2039:
1529:
1510:
1362:
1258:
1137:
1113:
1093:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1025:
995:
901:
893:
823:
795:
728:
662:
616:
605:
546:
464:
writers characterised Rajputs as descendants of the foreign invaders such as the
457:
447:
144:
132:
128:
108:
7174:
Hinglaj Devi: Identity, Change, and Solidification at a Hindu Temple in Pakistan
2427:(Rev. ed.). Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. pp. 35–36.
1935:
504:
historians Vaidya and R.B. Singh write that the Rajputs had originated from the
8905:
8900:
8850:
8802:
8523:
7764:"Drudges, Dancing Girls, Concubines: Female Slaves in Rajput Polity, 1500–1850"
6872:
Identity, Gender, and Poverty: New Perspectives on Caste and Tribe in Rajasthan
6739:
Alchemies of Violence: Myths of Identity and the Life of Trade in Western India
5911:
The British defined Rajputs as a group in part by their affinity for wild pork.
5896:
Shifting Ground: People, Animals, and Mobility in India's Environmental History
4187:
2380:
2320:
2087:
1779:
1775:
1533:
1310:
1243:
1153:
1117:
999:
968:
944:
924:
778:
629:
339:
233:
160:
120:
7660:
Countering Gender Violence: Initiatives Towards Collective Action in Rajasthan
7023:
5064:(1. Indian ed., repr. ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 12, 34.
3942:
3687:
3158:
2902:
2325:
827:, which depicts warriors from several different Rajput clans as associates of
9088:
9058:
9038:
8817:
8807:
8797:
8744:
8700:
8616:
Religion and Rajput Women: The Ethic of Protection in Contemporary Narratives
8307:
Religion and Rajput Women: The Ethic of Protection in Contemporary Narratives
7853:
7820:
7789:
6906:
Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective
5266:
4861:
4463:
4118:
4043:
3559:
3441:
Kings and Cults: State Formation and Legitimation in India and Southeast Asia
3435:
3103:
Social Mobility in the Caste System in India: An Inter Disciplinary Symposium
2689:
2375:
2272:
2173:
2092:
2079:
1896:
1751:
1669:
1624:
1597:
1586:
1537:
1337:
1225:
1171:, were recruited as mercenaries for Rajputs in the west, particularly in the
1097:
867:
809:
790:
711:
666:
658:
526:
461:
451:
315:
307:
201:
197:
50:
7390:
From Purdah to the People: Memoirs of Padma Shri Rani Laxmi Kumari Chundawat
6504:"Illiberal Practices: Territorial Variance Within Large Federal Democracies"
2283:
also married their daughters to Rajput bridegrooms for money in some cases.
974:
The Rajput ruled kingdoms repelled early invasions of Arab commanders after
888:
9043:
9028:
8956:
8926:
8921:
8503:
8373:
Kin, Clan, Raja, and Rule: Statehinterland Relations in Preindustrial India
8077:
5444:. New Delhi, India: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 23, 178, 185.
4430:
3127:
2169:
2157:
2083:
1920:
1884:
1832:
are generally disallowed (with some flexibility for kul-mates of different
1705:
1557:
612:
578:
481:
422:
347:
327:
221:
7544:
Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India
6802:
6340:"Rajput body condemns govt for putting Sikh Rajputs in 'backward classes'"
6096:
Factional Politics in an Indian State: The Congress Party in Uttar Pradesh
4840:
Bhadani, B. L. (1992). "The Profile of Akbar in Contemporary Literature".
3002:
2746:
the life of the adventuring warrior, of whom most were of peasant origins.
1194:
9033:
9007:
8787:
8752:
8259:
7882:
Malavika Kasturi (March 2004). Harald Fischer-Tiné; Michael Mann (eds.).
6621:
International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 10 (1), 5-9, 2023
6583:
Himachal Pradesh Well-established Domination of Majoritarian Upper Castes
4426:
4084:
3598:
3594:
3567:
2299:
2044:
1960:
1867:
1743:
1681:
1545:
1515:
1266:
1213:
1198:
1080:
1056:
990:
909:
513:
505:
501:
469:
393:
331:
319:
284:
268:
237:
213:
8196:
The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000
7828:
7804:
5705:
5274:
5250:
4717:
Merchants, Politics, and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar, 1733–1820
2761:
The Emergence of Jaipur State: Rajput Response to Mughal Rule, 1562–1743
2335:
refers to works of art created at the Rajput-ruled courts of Rajasthan,
1205:, was popularly known for his role in battles against the Mughal Empire
8977:
8882:
8042:
7273:
Perceptions of Climate Change from North India: An Ethnographic Account
6783:
6530:
Uttar Pradesh Elections 2022: More than a State At Stake (UP Elections)
4869:
3509:
The Indian Princes and their States, The New Cambridge History of India
3272:
3245:
3226:
2778:
2730:
Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action
2259:
2236:
concubine who went from being a servant to a superior concubine called
1999:
1908:
1900:
1763:
1755:
1412:
1400:
1238:
1124:
rose in power controlling almost whole portion of western and eastern
1084:
982:
956:
862:
418:
414:
6579:
6501:
5725:
Serving empire, serving nation: James Tod and the Rajputs of Rajasthan
5625:
Serving empire, serving nation: James Tod and the Rajputs of Rajasthan
4627:
Maharana Sāngā, the Hindupat: The Last Great Leader of the Rajput Race
4117:
2184:; a "senior female slave–retainer in the women's quarters" was called
1840:
serves as the primary identity for many of the Rajput clans, and each
480:
category during the 6th or 7th century, following the collapse of the
9068:
8951:
8946:
8936:
8835:
8782:
7986:"Competing and complementary visions of the court of the Great Mogor"
7885:
Colonialism as Civilizing Mission: Cultural Ideology in British India
7700:
Colonialism as Civilizing Mission: Cultural Ideology in British India
5414:
The Many Lives of a Rajput Queen: Heroic Pasts in India, c. 1500-1900
5294:(1. Indian ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 35.
5105:
4380:
2832:
2830:
2207:
contained complete families from specific "occupational groups" like
1980:
1972:
1956:
1720:
1712:
1665:
1664:
The region-wise estimates of Rajputs' share in population are 6% for
1640:
1578:
1553:
1485:
1463:
1436:
1432:
1332:
1293:
1125:
948:
913:
639:
477:
465:
406:
291:
229:
185:
55:
8439:
Against History, Against State: Counterperspectives from the Margins
5892:
4853:
4734:
4695:
4049:
Love's Subtle Magic: An Indian Islamic Literary Tradition, 1379-1545
3537:
9002:
8987:
8982:
8825:
8777:
2263:
2168:
selling of Marwar's women by Jaipur's forces in the battle between
2075:
1987:
1976:
1428:
1296:. A prominent example of these rules included the re-imposition of
1234:
1141:
960:
521:
517:
509:
473:
387:
253:
175:
92:
66:
7863:
7482:
Our War: Real stories of Commonwealth soldiers during World War II
7451:
Eat Not this Flesh: Food Avoidances from Prehistory to the Present
6313:"After Jats, Rajputs of western UP want reservation in govt posts"
6287:"Rajputs demanding reservation threaten to disrupt chintan shivir"
4759:
Bonded Histories: Genealogies of Labor Servitude in Colonial India
3179:"Deification of South Asian epic Heroes-Methological Implications"
2919:
2917:
2890:
2866:
2827:
2612:
The Politics of Marriage in India Gender and Alliance in Rajasthan
657:
that was common in Hindu Rajput clans. Scholars refer to this as "
9073:
8972:
7351:
Is the Goddess a Feminist?: The Politics of South Asian Goddesses
5662:
Cultural contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash felicitation volume
5251:"The Bundela Revolts During the Mughal Period: A Dynastic Affair"
3907:
3895:
3871:
3837:
3835:
3214:
2511:
Rajendra Vora (2009). Christophe Jaffrelot; Sanjay Kumar (eds.).
2208:
2161:
1944:
1846:
1801:; André Wink counts these among the "status-legitimizing texts".
1759:
1716:
1689:
1548:
era. The more wealthy or advanced Noniyas started by forming the
1416:
1404:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1160:
1021:
871:
716:
530:
381:
303:
299:
272:
193:
189:
74:
8171:
6818:
6816:
6777:
6117:
Forging the Raj: Essays on British India in the Heyday of Empire
5893:
Mahesh Rangarajan, K; Sivaramakrishnan, eds. (6 November 2014).
5578:
4906:
4660:
have been seen near Hindaun and Bayana on the outskirts of Agra.
4530:
The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultante
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3486:
3484:
3482:
2908:
1735:
1560:. The scholars consider this example as a case among thousands.
9053:
9048:
9022:
9012:
8997:
8931:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8772:
8546:
7696:
4469:
The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300
3468:
3464:
3204:
3202:
3164:
2914:
2695:
2247:
2243:
2130:
2096:
2064:
2060:
1971:("adoration of the sword") ritual, performed during the annual
1940:
1644:
1440:
1420:
1367:
1297:
1253:
1121:
1083:
but both the sultans were defeated. Kumbha's grandson renowned
917:
836:
817:
650:
601:
593:
589:
562:
554:
442:
8634:
Ananya Vajpeyi (2005). Supriya Varma; Satish Saberwal (eds.).
8418:
Medieval India: Society, the Jagirdari Crisis, and the Village
7965:
6019:
Religion and Personal Law in Secular India: A Call to Judgment
4425:
4223:
Studying Early India: Archaeology, Texts and Historical Issues
3832:
3100:
Association for Asian Studies (1969). James Silverberg (ed.).
2842:
405:
in reference to a mercenary soldier, while in the 8th century
9063:
8941:
8830:
7607:
7368:
6964:
6813:
6463:"Elections in India: The vote-bank theory has run its course"
6191:(continued list of OBC classes) 7.Rajput 120.Karnataka Rajput
5916:
5493:
Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (24 September 2012).
5127:
Caste, State and Society: Degrees of Democracy in North India
3919:
3847:
3770:
3479:
3284:
3099:
3057:
2267:
2003:
1916:
1912:
1747:
1693:
1685:
1673:
1611:
1541:
1474:
1452:
1408:
1326:
1262:
1230:
1217:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1145:
1131:
From 1200 CE, many Rajput groups moved eastwards towards the
1101:
1013:
550:
542:
410:
376:
343:
335:
295:
241:
225:
171:
84:
70:
7354:. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press. p. 77.
7338:
5339:"A Note on Conception of Aurangzeb Alamgir Religious Policy"
4351:. Macmillan International Higher Education. pp. 58–59.
3961:
3389:
3199:
3045:
2878:
1951:
The Rajputs of Bihar were inventors of the martial art form
1246:
and prominent Muslims from central and west Asia. Historian
8731:
7625:
6654:
6113:
5934:
3949:
2854:
2251:
2233:
2126:
1923:
is quite popular. The fierce form of Goddess Durga, called
1767:
597:
558:
375:; literally "son of a king") finds mention in some ancient
88:
8571:
The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India
6759:
1726:
There are several major subdivisions of Rajputs, known as
429:
can be seen as Rajputs in the original sense of the word.
8129:
5938:
Inside-Outside: Two Views of Social Change in Rural India
4547:
The Rajputs of Rajputana: A Glimpse of Medieval Rajasthan
4219:
4030:
dominated present-day Rajasthan from its capital at Ajmer
3883:
3859:
3278:
3232:
3183:
Epic Adventures: Heroic Narrative in the Oral Performance
3008:
2255:
1990:
used by the Rajputs in social gatherings and occasions, '
1927:
or "she who rides a lion" is popular among Rajput women.
283:
played a significant role in many regions of central and
8550:
Female Infanticide in India: A Feminist Cultural History
8310:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
7961:. University of California Press(Berkeley). p. 130.
6142:
he is also the head of the local Rajput lineage or clan.
4789:
India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism
3764:. Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute. p. 166.
3542:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
2668:
Social Change and Development in Medieval Indian History
2590:
1336:
status. The records indicates that during the tenure of
6838:
Desert people: caste and community—a Rajasthani village
6704:
The Divine Hierarchy: Popular Hinduism in Central India
5660:. In Prakash, Satya; Śrivastava, Vijai Shankar (eds.).
2095:
was by applying a preparation of poisonous plants like
7845:
Constitutional Development of Eastern Rajputana States
7547:. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 101.
5964:
5154:
The Goddesses' Henchmen- Gender in Indian Hero Worship
4644:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II
4436:
Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy
3792:
3444:. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 251.
3176:
3081:
892:
A royal Rajput procession, depicted on a mural at the
8529:
Medieval Indian Mindscapes: Space, Time, Society, Man
8352:
The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History
7988:. In Dana Leibsohn; Jeanette Favrot Peterson (eds.).
7875:
5779:
The Cat and the Lion: Jaipur State in the British Raj
4890:
History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D
4257:
Historiography, Religion, and State in Medieval India
4014:
The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History
2148:
1998:'. This phrase also operated as a military solgan or
1623:
The Rajputs, in most of the states, are considered a
8637:
Traditions in motion:Religion and Society in History
8065:
7766:. In Chatterjee, Indrani; Eaton, Richard M. (eds.).
7740:
7690:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7682:
7680:
6502:
Jacqueline Behrend, Laurence Whitehead, ed. (2016).
5928:
5225:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part-II
4892:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 272–273.
4386:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2550:
Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles
1024:. However, he returned a year later with an army of
786:
were not necessarily hereditary during this period.
732:(1324) features a list of 72 Rajput clans including
608:
of the Thar desert to a higher rank in the society.
8369:
8105:
7259:
Karni : Presiding Deity of Rajputs and Cāraņas
6868:
6862:
6015:
5992:(2nd ed.). London: Anthem Press. p. 406.
5111:
4740:
4701:
4533:(2nd ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 70.
4495:
4493:
3877:
3502:
3220:
3069:
3024:
Upholding the Common Life: The Community of Mirabai
2989:
2987:
2733:. State University of New York Press. p. 122.
2203:was used for a person serving their "superior" and
8048:Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest
7619:
7540:
7467:as they do this-"Long live the Mother (Goddess)"'.
7313:
6701:
6485:"Rajasthan polls: It's caste politics all the way"
6099:. University of California Press. pp. 16–17.
5557:
5526:. University of California Press. pp. 85–86.
5336:
5062:The peacock throne : the drama of Mogul India
4155:
2757:
2543:
2002:, often painted on the shields and banners of the
7956:
7677:
7143:Gorkhaland Movement: A Study in Ethnic Separatism
6337:
5935:B. S. Baviskar; D. W. Attwood (30 October 2013).
5417:. University of Washington Press. pp. 126–.
5410:
5379:
5377:
4928:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History
4713:
3364:
2948:
2553:. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1706.
2074:The methods used of killing the female baby were
1854:s have become powerful enough to be functionally
638:writes that during the era of the Mughal empire,
9086:
8234:
8150:
7990:Seeing Across Cultures in the Early Modern World
7912:
7881:
7727:Role of Women in the Freedom Movement, 1857-1947
7534:
7344:
7270:
7139:
6841:. University of Trondheim & Norsk Hydro AS.
6699:
5519:
5404:
4912:
4490:
3407:
2984:
2848:
2275:community of today was one such slave community
1610:Before the zamindari abolition, the Rajputs in
772:Bednar, concludes that the designations such as
417:notes that the military nobility of Sindh ruler
8456:
8017:
7983:
7231:General, India Office of the Registrar (1966).
7108:
6982:
6735:
6580:Ramesh K. Chauhan, TR Sharma, SN Ghosh (2012).
6526:
6155:"Central List of OBCs – State : Karnataka"
5958:
5865:. Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 227.
5775:
5584:
5464:
5390:. Stanford University Press. pp. 120–121.
4982:Domesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World
4751:
4749:
4590:
3925:
3841:
3302:
3208:
2993:
2896:
2884:
2872:
2836:
1903:, Hindu Goddess primarily worshipped by Rajputs
1808:division are smaller and smaller subdivisions:
1079:put a joint effort to overcome the Mewar ruler
1055:. However, Rajputs resurgence took place under
615:, which was formed when the various tribal and
8730:
8633:
8612:
8522:
8501:
8477:
8411:
8303:
8282:
8192:
7971:
7869:
7656:
7633:Suicide and Culture: Understanding the Context
7613:
7374:
6970:
6789:
6414:
5979:
5492:
5383:
5374:
5184:. Jagiellonian University Press. p. 337.
5150:
5084:
5033:Reid, Anthony; Morgan, David O., eds. (2010).
4819:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–24.
4762:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 64–66.
4707:
4526:
4283:
4250:
4186:
4093:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–35.
3983:Hindu Kingship and Polity in Precolonial India
3967:
3913:
3901:
3853:
3783:
3490:
3395:
3333:
3290:
3063:
3051:
2923:
2710:
2661:
2324:An 18th-century Rajput painting by the artist
1907:One of the most revered deities of Rajputs is
8716:
8588:
8567:
8435:
8345:
8324:
7723:
6822:
6614:
5922:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4787:. In Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy (eds.).
4570:
4462:
3955:
3745:. Institute of Historic Studies. p. 84.
3604:Economic History of Medieval India, 1200-1500
3558:
3434:
3401:
3238:
2860:
2817:
2567:
2510:
981:and executed last Hindu king of the kingdom,
847:
413:, it is used in the sense of elite horsemen.
8213:
7170:
7133:
7078:
7072:
7051:. Manchester University Press. p. 241.
6976:
6909:. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 33–.
6834:
6828:
6778:Catherine B. Asher & Cynthia Talbot 2006
6600:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5204:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5123:
5005:
4755:
4746:
4670:
4668:
4574:Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743
4313:
3986:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 38–.
3939:"Rajput procession, Encyclopædia Britannica"
3865:
3126:
3120:
3020:
2909:Catherine B. Asher & Cynthia Talbot 2006
2716:
2608:
1915:(who is very popular all across India) and
1797:s were later recorded in documents known as
1163:Rajput soldiers from the eastern regions of
611:Gradually, the term Rajput came to denote a
8655:Vajracharya, Dhanavajra (1 December 1975),
8654:
8258:
8172:Catherine B. Asher; Cynthia Talbot (2006).
7936:. Oxford University Press. pp. 43–44.
7931:
7758:
7650:
7102:
6989:. Manchester University Press. p. 26.
6071:, Government of India, 1971, archived from
6065:"The Constitution (26 Amendment) Act, 1971"
6022:. Indiana University Press. pp. 206–.
6009:
5755:. Princeton University Press. p. 299.
5343:Journal of Psychology and Political Science
5078:
4985:. Cambridge University Press. p. 174.
4674:
4017:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–.
3973:
3643:
3593:
3465:Reena Dube & Rashmi Dube Bhatnagar 2012
3358:
3165:Reena Dube & Rashmi Dube Bhatnagar 2012
3137:Religious Movements in South Asia, 600–1800
3093:
2722:
2696:Reena Dube & Rashmi Dube Bhatnagar 2012
2574:. Princeton University Press. p. 151.
1850:. Lindsey Harlan notes that in some cases,
1484:Historian Robert Stern points out that in
726:puts the number of Rajput clans at 36, the
680:
8723:
8709:
8547:Reena Dube; Rashmi Dube Bhatnagar (2012).
8390:
8084:
8041:
7841:
7809:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
7697:Harald Fischer-Tiné; Michael Mann (2004).
7478:
7311:
7288:"7 Interesting Martial Art Forms in India"
7250:
6936:
6902:
6765:
6189:. Deep and Deep Publications. p. 69.
5838:. Asian Educational Services. p. 20.
5769:
5655:
5499:. Cambridge University Press. p. 73.
5317:"Aurangzeb and The Decline of the Mughals"
5314:
5255:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
5032:
4958:. Cambridge University Press. p. 23.
4876:
4647:. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 79–80.
4405:. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 19–24.
4374:
4344:
4307:
4196:. Simon and Schuster. p. Chapter 15.
4052:. Oxford University Press. pp. 364–.
3889:
3814:. Cambridge University Press. p. 58.
3726:. Chaukhambha Orientalia. pp. 131–132
3631:
3512:. Cambridge University Press. p. 14.
3327:
3296:
3244:
2966:. Oxford University Press. p. xxiii.
2813:
2811:
2777:
2764:. University of Pennsylvania. p. 30.
2671:. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 43–44.
2655:
2596:
2480:Samaskaras in Indian Tradition and Culture
1361:nineteenth century, British administrator
1347:
8220:. Cambridge University Press. p. 4.
7717:
7479:Somerville, Christopher (16 April 2020).
7386:
7320:(Reprinted ed.). Doubleday. p.
6930:
6655:B S Baviskar, George Mathew, ed. (2009).
6556:
6465:. Asiancorrespondent.com. 7 February 2012
5985:
5437:
5091:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 88–90.
4887:
4665:
4320:. Oneworld Publications. pp. 64–65.
4077:
3428:
3014:
2751:
2706:
2704:
8674:
8657:"Notes on the Changunarayan Inscription"
7454:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 330.
7200:
6896:
6184:
5551:
4951:
4931:. Oxford University Press. p. 656.
4811:
4782:
4617:
4543:
4520:
3738:
3650:. Oxford University Press. p. 148.
3087:
2930:. Oxford University Press. p. 110.
2771:
2319:
2156:Rajput women could be incorporated into
1994:' or its regional variants, stands for '
1934:
1895:
1637:National Commission for Backward Classes
1351:
1208:
1193:
887:
861:
684:
7835:
7754:
7752:
7750:
7748:
7588:
7447:
7230:
7044:
7038:
5899:. Oxford University Press. p. 85.
5831:
5748:
5721:
5691:
5621:
5323:. Presidency University, Kolkata: 134.
5228:. Har Anand Publications. p. 124.
5218:
5157:. Oxford University Press. p. 46.
4839:
4640:
4506:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 224.
4499:
4398:
4260:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 115.
4159:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
4010:
3979:
3757:
3647:The State and Society in Medieval India
3607:. Pearson Education India. p. 66.
3368:Modern India: An Interpretive Anthology
3181:. In Hendrik Maier; Jan Jansen (eds.).
3140:. Oxford University Press. p. 82.
3075:
3027:. Oxford University Press. p. 51.
2808:
905:formation of a coherent Rajput empire.
700:An opinion asserts that the terms like
628:mentions the opinion of Indian scholar
488:. The second theory was promulgated by
14:
9087:
8595:India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765
8553:. State University of New York Press.
7802:
7593:. Oxford University Press. p. 2.
7509:
7417:
7115:. Psychology Press. pp. 284–285.
7085:. Three Essays Collective. p. 5.
6661:. SAGE Publications Ltd. p. 408.
6442:"Changing Electoral Politics in Delhi"
6417:"The caste bogey in election analysis"
6338:The Tribune India (20 December 2016).
6254:
6231:"Rajput youths rally for reservations"
5749:Metcalf, Thomas R. (8 December 2015).
5059:
4162:. New Age International. p. 307.
2701:
1844:is protected by a family goddess, the
1495:Rajputs have served in our ranks from
1273:
908:The term "Rajput" has been used as an
259:meaning "son of a king"), also called
8704:
7934:Social Stratification in Rural Kumaon
7636:. Hogrefe Publishing. pp. 219–.
7285:
7003:
6708:. Columbia University Press. p.
6563:European Scientific Journal June 2015
6092:
5968:Land Tenure and Peasant in South Asia
5858:
5802:
5664:. Abhinav Publications. p. 120.
5287:
5248:
5181:The Temple Road Towards a Great India
4924:
4785:"The Subjugation of the Sindia State"
4623:
4317:India and South Asia: A Short History
4083:
3804:
2420:
2396:List of Rajput clans of Uttar Pradesh
2050:
1746:denotes descent from the solar deity
1627:(forward caste) in India's system of
1618:
1281:
1047:and other Rajput ruled kingdoms like
854:Rajput resistance to Muslim conquests
673:According to some scholars, the term
7917:. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 68.
7745:
7591:Embattled Identities Rajput Lineages
7513:A Military History of Medieval India
7009:
6202:
5989:A History of Modern India, 1480–1950
5941:. SAGE Publications. pp. 389–.
5752:Aftermath of Revolt: India 1857-1970
5600:Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han
5472:. Orient Longman. pp. 315–330.
5088:A Short History of the Mughal Empire
4041:
3673:
3496:
2483:. Shipra Publications. p. 195.
1861:
1734:, the step below the super-division
1563:
1016:led a coalition of Rajput kings and
874:, Rajasthan, which was built by the
8681:. University of Wisconsin--Madison.
8112:The Indian Princes and their States
8051:. Vol. 1. BRILL. p. 269.
7663:. SAGE Publications. pp. 44–.
7657:Kanchan Mathur (16 November 2004).
5596:
5561:An Advanced History of Modern India
5523:Peasants and Monks in British India
5352:
5039:. Taylor and Francis. p. 213.
4978:
4284:Sara R. Farris (5 September 2013).
3637:
3597:(2011). "The Agrarian Classes". In
3535:
3371:. Sterling Publishers. p. 90.
3334:Sara R. Farris (9 September 2013).
3309:. Psychology Press. pp. 180–.
3306:Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait
2476:
2391:List of Rajput dynasties and states
2242:According to Priyanka Khanna, with
1930:
1789:include Udayvanshi, Rajvanshi, and
1159:From as early as the 16th century,
858:List of Rajput dynasties and states
358:
271:clans historically associated with
24:
9145:Social groups of Jammu and Kashmir
8376:. University of California Press.
8133:The Making of Early Medieval India
7730:. Sterling Publishers. p. 9.
7703:. Anthem Press. pp. 124–140.
7393:. Rawat Publications. p. 42.
7387:Cūṇḍāvata, Lakshmī Kumārī (2000).
7201:Kothiyal, Tanuja (14 March 2016).
6257:"The Absurdity of Jat Reservation"
6255:Mudgal, Vipul (22 February 2016).
5803:Bates, Crispin (16 October 2014).
5656:Srivastava, Vijai Shankar (1981).
4220:Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya (2006).
3798:
3185:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 95.
2602:
2149:Brideprice or Bridewealth weddings
1650:
1568:
1216:, an important Rajput official of
432:
25:
9186:
9140:Social groups of Himachal Pradesh
9125:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan
8687:
8217:An Agrarian History of South Asia
6615:Anjali Semwal (31 January 2023).
6169:"12015/2/2007-BCC dt. 18/08/2010"
5862:The Concept of Race in South Asia
5603:. Higginbotham & Co. p.
5496:A Concise History of Modern India
5085:Michael Fisher (1 October 2015).
4131:. Psychology Press. p. 116.
3414:. Weltforum Verlag. p. 104.
2477:Roy, Ramashray (1 January 2003).
2357:
2037:There have been several cases of
1883:The Rajputs were designated as a
1828:("twig tip"). Marriages within a
1589:'s administration under the 1971
1183:
1028:and crushed Rajput forces on the
267:. The term Rajput covers various
8331:. University of Nebraska Press.
8286:Idea of Rajasthan: Constructions
7977:
7950:
7925:
7906:
7796:
7582:
7564:
7503:
7472:
7441:
7411:
7380:
7305:
7279:
7264:
7244:
7224:
7194:
7164:
7146:. APH Publishing. pp. 26–.
6795:
6729:
6693:
6675:
6648:
6630:
6608:
6573:
6550:
6520:
6495:
6477:
6455:
6434:
6415:Dipankar Gupta (20 March 2014).
6408:
6389:. Kellogg.nd.edu. Archived from
6376:
6350:
6331:
6305:
6279:
6248:
6223:
6196:
6178:
6161:
6147:
6107:
6086:
6057:
6043:
5986:Markovits, Claude, ed. (2002) .
5886:
5852:
5825:
5796:
5742:
5715:
5685:
5649:
5615:
5590:
5513:
5486:
5468:(1994). "The British alliance".
5458:
5431:
5411:Ramya Sreenivasan (1 May 2017).
5330:
5308:
5281:
5242:
5212:
5171:
5144:
5117:
5053:
5026:
5006:Vivekanandan, Jayashree (2012).
4999:
4972:
4945:
4918:
4888:Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002).
4833:
4805:
4776:
4756:Gyan Prakash (30 October 2003).
4439:. Psychology Press. p. 21.
3702:By the twelfth century the term
2517:. Routledge India. p. 217.
2020:
2009:
1450:The medieval bardic chronicles (
1190:Rajput Mughal marriage alliances
1178:
1039:sacked key Rajput fortresses of
9165:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh
8574:. University of Chicago Press.
8157:. University of Chicago Press.
8027:. University of Chicago Press.
8010:
7888:. Anthem Press. pp. 128–.
7768:Slavery and South Asian History
7529:horseback. India-identification
7510:Sandhu, Gurcharn Singh (2003).
6875:. Berghahn Books. p. 135.
5965:Robert Eric Frykenberg (1984).
5628:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 3–5.
4681:. CUP Archive. pp. 18–19.
4634:
4584:
4564:
4537:
4456:
4419:
4392:
4368:
4338:
4277:
4244:
4213:
4180:
4149:
4111:
4035:
4004:
3931:
3742:Sources of The History of India
3723:Mithila In The Age Of Vidyapati
3720:Radhakrishna Choudhary (1976).
3711:
3667:
3625:
3587:
3552:
3529:
3177:Janet Tiwary Kamphorst (2004).
3170:
2530:in north Maharashtra districts.
1939:An old Rajput man poses with a
1878:
1793:. The histories of the various
1770:. The Agnivanshi clans include
1699:
1659:
1591:Constitution 26th Amendment Act
1311:Maratha Empire (or confederacy)
9155:Social groups of Punjab, India
9130:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh
8518:. African Studies Association.
8487:. Cambridge University Press.
8463:. Cambridge University Press.
8355:. Cambridge University Press.
8328:The State at War in South Asia
8244:. Cambridge University Press.
8199:. Cambridge University Press.
8178:. Cambridge University Press.
8154:Poverty and the Quest for Life
8115:. Cambridge University Press.
7448:Simoons, Frederick J. (1994).
7312:Narasimhan, Sakuntala (1992).
7207:. Cambridge University Press.
4550:. APH Publishing. p. 95.
3279:Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya 1994
3233:Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya 1994
3009:Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya 1994
2723:Daniel Gold (1 January 1995).
2629:
2535:
2504:
2470:
2448:
2421:Cohen, Stephen Philip (2006).
2414:
2298:These Rajput groups(khasa) of
287:from seventh century onwards.
27:Social community of South Asia
13:
1:
8442:. Columbia University Press.
8066:Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1956).
7578:. Cambridge University Press.
7516:. Vision Books. p. 428.
7348:; Erndl, Kathleen M. (2000).
7251:Prabhākara, Manohara (1976).
7171:Schaflechner, Jürgen (2018).
6903:Makhan Jha (1 January 1997).
6209:. Cambria Press. p. 96.
5470:A History of Jaipur 1503–1938
2960:Ishita Banerjee-Dube (2010).
2402:
1996:Victory to the Mother Goddess
1378:had been "devastated" by the
1356:Chauhan Rajputs, Delhi (1868)
1330:, a sacred thread or claimed
9160:Social groups of Uttarakhand
8619:. Univ of California Press.
8370:Richard Gabriel Fox (1971).
8268:. Anthem Press. p. 90.
7316:Sati: Widow Burning in India
6869:Maya Unnithan-Kumar (1997).
6586:. Taylor and Francis group.
6016:Gerald James Larson (2001).
5384:Lynn Zastoupil (July 1994).
4600:. Penguin Books. p. 4.
4527:R. C. Majumdar, ed. (1960).
2641:. Brill. 2002. p. 155.
2609:Sabita Singh (27 May 2019).
2407:
2232:also gives and example of a
801:Marwar ra Paraganan ri Vigat
7:
8695:History of Rajputs in India
8640:. Oxford University Press.
8289:. South Asia Publications.
8136:. Oxford University Press.
7541:Harald Tambs-Lyche (1997).
7237:. Manager of Publications.
7177:. Oxford University Press.
5564:. Macmillan. pp. 73–.
5558:Sailendra Nath Sen (2010).
5337:Aqib Yousuf Rather (2022).
4675:C. A. Bayly (19 May 1988).
4345:Peter Robb (21 June 2011).
4156:Sailendra Nath Sen (1999).
2758:Doris Marion Kling (1993).
2615:. Oxford University Press.
2368:
1030:same battlefield of Taraori
421:to which the Chachnama and
10:
9191:
9150:Social groups of Jharkhand
9135:Social groups of Rajasthan
8072:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
7957:Berreman Gerald D (1963).
7589:Kasturi, Malavika (2002).
7012:European Review of History
6533:. Om Books International.
6053:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
5387:John Stuart Mill and India
4952:Richards, John F. (1995).
4714:Kumkum Chatterjee (1996).
4577:. Impex India. p. 6.
3365:Thomas R. Metcalf (1990).
2361:
2313:
2219:were used for females and
1943:in the Maharaja palace of
1891:
1719:. The Rajputs claim to be
1703:
1500:the power of the Marathas.
1285:
1187:
851:
848:History of Rajput Kingdoms
842:
508:Kshatriyas of the epics -
29:
8965:
8914:
8881:
8816:
8743:
8598:. Penguin Books Limited.
8241:Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy
8151:Bhrigupati Singh (2015).
7913:Kalikinkar Datta (1978).
7803:Khanna, Priyanka (2011).
7275:. Routledge. p. 79-.
7271:Aase J. Kvanneid (2021).
7140:Amiya K. Samanta (2000).
7045:Streets, Heather (2004).
7024:10.1080/13507480600586726
6700:Lawrence A. Babb (1975).
6506:. JHU Press. p. 66.
6344:Tribuneindia News Service
5807:. SAGE Publishing India.
5520:William R. Pinch (1996).
5362:. Encyclopædia Britannica
5060:Hansen, Waldemar (1972).
4925:Smith, Bonnie G. (2008).
4791:. Routledge. p. 57.
4720:. BRILL. pp. 35–36.
4624:Sarda, Har Bilas (1970).
4472:. Penguin Books Limited.
4387:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
3980:Peabody, Norbert (2003).
3761:Bihar, Past & Present
3688:10.1163/9789004483002_009
3644:J.S. Grewal, ed. (2005).
3408:Detlef Kantowsky (1986).
2188:; a concubine was called
1550:Sri Rajput Pacharni Sabha
372:
353:
181:
167:
80:
62:
46:
41:
9170:Social groups of Gujarat
9120:Social groups of Haryana
8675:Hastings, James (2002).
8457:Tanuja Kothiyal (2016).
8265:Essays in Indian History
7984:Saleema Waraich (2012).
7772:Indiana University Press
7770:. Bloomington, Indiana:
7257:. Panchsheel Prakashan.
7109:Philippa Levine (2003).
6983:Heather Streets (2004).
6943:. BRILL. pp. 282–.
6736:Lawrence A Babb (2004).
6527:Anil Maheshwari (2022).
6203:Basu, Pratyusha (2009).
5971:. Manohar. p. 197.
5832:Bingley, A. H. (1986) .
5776:Robert W. Stern (1988).
5438:Chaurasia, R.S. (2004).
5130:. Taylor & Francis.
5112:Barbara N. Ramusack 2004
4741:Richard Gabriel Fox 1971
4702:Barbara N. Ramusack 2004
4641:Chandra, Satish (2005).
4630:. Kumar Bros. p. 1.
4500:Chandra, Satish (2004).
4399:Chandra, Satish (2004).
4193:A Brief History of India
3878:Barbara N. Ramusack 2004
3676:"The Mahārājas of India"
3340:. BRILL. pp. 140–.
3303:Reinhard Bendix (1998).
3221:Richard Gabriel Fox 1971
2281:Semi nomadic communities
2180:; a dancer was called a
2109:to the mother's breast.
1504:The Rajput practices of
1479:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1303:
689:Rajputs of Central India
681:Emergence as a community
472:, and believed that the
8613:Lindsey Harlan (2018).
8502:Norman Ziegler (1976).
8304:Lindsey Harlan (1992).
8283:Karine Schomer (1994).
8193:Cynthia Talbot (2015).
7992:. Ashgate. p. 88.
7959:Hindus of the Himalayas
7424:. Manohar. p. 61.
6807:Encyclopædia Britannica
6565:. core.ac.uk: 342,343.
6122:Oxford University Press
6093:Brass, Paul R. (1966).
5728:. BRILL. pp. 3–5.
5722:Freitag, Jason (2009).
5711:(subscription required)
5622:Freitag, Jason (2009).
5441:History of the Marathas
5151:Lindsey Harlan (2003).
4783:Farooqui, Amar (2007).
4226:. Anthem. p. 116.
4011:Jackson, Peter (2003).
2309:
2032:
1758:) from the lunar deity
1629:positive discrimination
1348:British colonial period
1133:Eastern Gangetic plains
927:. These dynasties were
796:Munhata Nainsi ri Khyat
32:Rajput (disambiguation)
9115:Social groups of Bihar
9110:Ethnic groups in Sindh
9105:Ethnic groups in India
8568:Lloyd Rudolph (1967).
8484:The Marathas 1600-1818
8436:Shail Mayaram (2013).
8397:. Rupa & Company.
8394:A History of Rajasthan
8325:Pradeep Barua (2005).
7724:Manmohan Kaur (1968).
7418:Fisher, R. J. (1997).
5782:. BRILL. p. 108.
4571:V.S Bhatnagar (1974).
4544:Naravane, M.S (1999).
4290:. BRILL. p. 145.
3254:. BRILL. p. 282.
3106:. Mouton. p. 79.
2568:Paul R. Brass (1997).
2456:"Folk-lore, Volume 21"
2328:
2142:
2122:
1948:
1904:
1858:s in their own right.
1502:
1473:, Rajput Taluqdars in
1357:
1288:Rajput War (1679–1707)
1221:
1206:
987:Rajput family of Mewar
897:
885:
690:
588:The medieval tales on
8664:Regmi Research Series
8214:David Ludden (1999).
8069:Chaulukyas of Gujarat
7234:Census of India, 1961
7079:Omar Khalidi (2003).
6835:Rolf Lunheim (1993).
5694:Archives of Asian Art
5288:Bayly, Susan (2000).
5124:Jagmal Singh (2020).
4913:Dirk H. A. Kolff 2002
4314:David Ludden (2013).
4042:Behl, Aditya (2012).
3021:Parita Mukta (1994).
2849:Bhrigupati Singh 2015
2323:
2160:and this defined the
2138:
2118:
2063:(Uttar Pradesh), the
1938:
1899:
1493:
1469:As per the historian
1355:
1212:
1197:
931:, the Chahamanas (of
929:Pratiharas of Kannauj
891:
865:
688:
494:Aryan invasion theory
450:by some scholars and
281:Rajput-ruled kingdoms
7932:R.D. Sanwal (1976).
7848:. Usha. p. 49.
7774:. pp. 136–161.
7576:Cambridge Dictionary
6742:. SAGE. p. 17.
5585:Tanuja Kothiyal 2016
5249:Ahmad, Amir (2005).
3926:Tanuja Kothiyal 2016
3842:Tanuja Kothiyal 2016
3674:Wink, Andre (2002).
3209:Tanuja Kothiyal 2016
2994:Tanuja Kothiyal 2016
2897:Alf Hiltebeitel 1999
2885:Alf Hiltebeitel 1999
2873:Alf Hiltebeitel 1999
2837:Alf Hiltebeitel 1999
2424:The idea of Pakistan
1766:from the fire deity
1633:Other Backward Class
1575:India's independence
1116:. After a few years
1108:but was defeated at
1065:Muhammad bin Tughluq
640:hypergamous marriage
492:who believed in the
462:British colonial-era
379:scriptures like the
30:For other uses, see
8508:"History in Africa"
8391:Rima Hooja (2006).
8175:India Before Europe
8107:Barbara N. Ramusack
8085:Ayan Shome (2014).
7972:Karine Schomer 1994
7870:Lindsey Harlan 1992
7842:D. D. Gaur (1978).
7614:Lindsey Harlan 1992
7375:Lindsey Harlan 1992
6971:Lindsey Harlan 1992
6937:André Wink (2002).
6809:. 11 December 2023.
6790:Cynthia Talbot 2015
5835:Handbook on Rajputs
5597:Tod, James (1873).
5315:Sayan Lodh (2019).
3968:Cynthia Talbot 2015
3945:on 9 November 2014.
3914:Cynthia Talbot 2015
3904:, pp. 121–122.
3902:Cynthia Talbot 2015
3854:Cynthia Talbot 2015
3784:Cynthia Talbot 2015
3504:Barbara N. Ramusack
3491:Cynthia Talbot 2015
3396:Stewart Gordon 2007
3291:Norman Ziegler 1976
3064:Norman Ziegler 1976
3052:Satish Chandra 1982
2899:, pp. 441–442.
2875:, pp. 440–441.
2839:, pp. 439–440.
2711:Eugenia Vanina 2012
2386:Rajput architecture
2352:Ananda Coomaraswamy
1274:Shah Jahan's period
881:Rajput architecture
878:Rajput rulers (see
695:Indo-Gangetic Plain
399:Bakshali manuscript
265:Indian subcontinent
7872:, p. 145,167.
7760:Sreenivasan, Ramya
7286:Chowdhary, Charu.
6823:Shail Mayaram 2013
6491:. 13 October 2013.
6489:The Times of India
6364:. 15 November 2021
6235:The Times of India
6075:on 6 December 2011
5923:Lloyd Rudolph 1967
4979:Lal, Ruby (2005).
4348:A History of India
4128:A History of India
4123:Dietmar Rothermund
3956:Pradeep Barua 2005
3916:, p. 121-125.
3682:. Brill.com: 293.
3536:Ali, Daud (2005).
2861:Pradeep Barua 2005
2818:Richard Eaton 2019
2545:Kumar Suresh Singh
2458:. 1980. p. 79
2329:
2186:badaran or vadaran
2056:Female infanticide
2051:Female infanticide
2015:Harald Tambs-Lyche
1949:
1905:
1872:East India Company
1684:, 3.45 % for
1619:Affirmative Action
1520:social engineering
1506:female infanticide
1395:aggressive ones".
1358:
1315:East India Company
1282:Aurangzeb's period
1222:
1207:
1140:zamindars and the
1069:Singoli in 1336 CE
1010:Prithviraj Chauhan
976:Muhammad ibn Qasim
898:
886:
829:Prithviraj Chauhan
691:
655:female infanticide
592:depicting Rajput,
583:Hindu Varna system
9175:Hindu communities
9082:
9081:
8966:Subdivision Clans
8647:978-0-19-566915-2
8626:978-0-520-30175-7
8605:978-0-14-196655-7
8581:978-0-226-73137-7
8560:978-0-7914-8385-5
8539:978-93-80607-19-1
8512:History in Africa
8494:978-0-521-03316-9
8449:978-0-231-52951-8
8404:978-81-291-1501-0
8362:978-0-521-54329-3
8338:978-0-8032-1344-9
8317:978-0-520-07339-5
8296:978-0-945921-25-7
8275:978-1-84331-061-7
8251:978-0-521-52305-9
8227:978-0-521-36424-9
8185:978-0-521-80904-7
8164:978-0-226-19468-4
8098:978-93-84318-46-8
8034:978-0-226-34055-5
7895:978-1-84331-363-2
7710:978-1-84331-092-1
7670:978-0-7619-3244-4
7643:978-1-61676-436-4
7626:Erminia Colucci;
7600:978-0-19-565787-6
7554:978-81-7304-176-1
7523:978-81-7094-525-3
7492:978-1-4746-1775-8
7461:978-0-299-14254-4
7431:978-81-7304-184-6
7400:978-81-7033-606-8
7361:978-0-8147-3619-7
7331:978-0-385-42317-5
7214:978-1-107-08031-7
7184:978-0-19-085052-4
7153:978-81-7648-166-3
7122:978-0-415-94447-2
7058:978-0-7190-6962-8
6996:978-0-7190-6962-8
6950:978-0-391-04173-8
6916:978-81-7533-034-4
6882:978-1-57181-918-5
6749:978-0-7619-3223-9
6719:978-0-231-08387-4
6668:978-81-7829-860-3
6644:. 2 October 2023.
6540:978-93-91258-48-1
6513:978-1-4214-1958-9
6293:. 16 January 2013
6216:978-1-60497-625-0
6185:A.Prasad (1997).
6131:978-0-19-566709-7
6029:978-0-253-21480-5
5999:978-1-84331-004-4
5948:978-81-321-1865-7
5872:978-0-19-563767-0
5845:978-81-206-0204-5
5814:978-93-5150-457-3
5789:978-90-04-08283-0
5762:978-1-4008-7664-8
5735:978-90-04-17594-5
5671:978-0-391-02358-1
5635:978-90-04-17594-5
5571:978-0-230-32885-3
5506:978-1-107-02649-0
5424:978-0-295-99785-8
5397:978-0-8047-6617-3
5321:AltraLANG Journal
5114:, pp. 18–19.
5098:978-0-85772-976-7
5071:978-81-208-0225-4
5019:978-1-136-70385-0
4992:978-0-521-85022-3
4965:978-0-521-56603-2
4955:The Mughal Empire
4938:978-0-19-514890-9
4899:978-81-269-0123-4
4826:978-0-521-25119-8
4817:The Mughal Empire
4813:Richards, John F.
4798:978-1-134-11988-2
4769:978-0-521-52658-6
4688:978-0-521-31054-3
4654:978-81-241-1066-9
4607:978-0-14-011854-4
4557:978-81-7648-118-2
4513:978-81-241-1064-5
4479:978-93-5214-118-0
4446:978-0-415-30786-4
4412:978-81-241-1064-5
4358:978-0-230-34549-2
4327:978-1-78074-108-6
4297:978-90-04-25409-1
4267:978-81-241-0035-6
4233:978-1-84331-132-4
4203:978-1-59477-794-3
4169:978-81-224-1198-0
4138:978-0-415-32920-0
4100:978-0-521-79842-6
4059:978-0-19-514670-7
4024:978-0-521-54329-3
3993:978-0-521-46548-9
3866:David Ludden 1999
3821:978-0-521-52305-9
3806:Kolff, Dirk H. A.
3739:S.P. Sen (1988).
3697:978-90-04-48300-2
3614:978-81-317-2791-1
3577:978-81-317-1120-0
3421:978-3-8039-0333-4
3347:978-90-04-25409-1
3316:978-0-415-17453-4
3147:978-0-19-566448-5
3132:David N. Lorenzen
3034:978-0-19-563115-9
3011:, pp. 79–80.
2973:978-0-19-806678-1
2937:978-0-19-806678-1
2740:978-0-7914-2025-6
2725:David N. Lorenzen
2560:978-0-19-563357-3
2230:Ramya Sreenivasan
1862:Culture and ethos
1602:Kashmir and Jammu
1564:Post Independence
1471:Thomas R. Metcalf
1261:Rajput family of
1045:Ranthambor (1301)
626:Thomas R. Metcalf
247:
246:
218:Jammu and Kashmir
16:(Redirected from
9182:
8725:
8718:
8711:
8702:
8701:
8697:
8682:
8671:
8661:
8651:
8630:
8609:
8585:
8564:
8543:
8532:. Primus Books.
8519:
8498:
8474:
8453:
8432:
8408:
8387:
8366:
8342:
8321:
8300:
8279:
8255:
8236:Dirk H. A. Kolff
8231:
8210:
8189:
8168:
8147:
8126:
8102:
8081:
8062:
8038:
8004:
8003:
7981:
7975:
7969:
7963:
7962:
7954:
7948:
7947:
7929:
7923:
7922:
7910:
7904:
7903:
7879:
7873:
7867:
7861:
7860:
7839:
7833:
7832:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7756:
7743:
7735:
7734:
7721:
7715:
7714:
7694:
7675:
7674:
7654:
7648:
7647:
7623:
7617:
7611:
7605:
7604:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7568:
7562:
7561:
7538:
7532:
7531:
7507:
7501:
7500:
7476:
7470:
7469:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7415:
7409:
7408:
7384:
7378:
7372:
7366:
7365:
7346:Hiltebeitel, Alf
7342:
7336:
7335:
7319:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7283:
7277:
7276:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7228:
7222:
7221:
7198:
7192:
7191:
7168:
7162:
7161:
7137:
7131:
7130:
7106:
7100:
7099:
7076:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7007:
7001:
7000:
6980:
6974:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6934:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6923:
6900:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6832:
6826:
6820:
6811:
6810:
6799:
6793:
6787:
6781:
6775:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6756:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6707:
6697:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6679:
6673:
6672:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6599:
6591:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6554:
6548:
6547:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6499:
6493:
6492:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6459:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6395:
6388:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6309:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6263:. Archived from
6252:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6111:
6105:
6104:
6090:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6069:indiacode.nic.in
6061:
6055:
6054:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6013:
6007:
6006:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5800:
5794:
5793:
5773:
5767:
5766:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5594:
5588:
5587:, pp. 9–10.
5582:
5576:
5575:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5542:
5540:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5381:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5203:
5195:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4885:
4874:
4873:
4842:Social Scientist
4837:
4831:
4830:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4753:
4744:
4743:, p. 68,69.
4738:
4732:
4731:
4711:
4705:
4704:, p. 14,15.
4699:
4693:
4692:
4672:
4663:
4662:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4396:
4390:
4389:, p. 44-45.
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3941:. Archived from
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3830:
3829:
3802:
3796:
3787:
3781:
3768:
3765:
3758:PN Ojha (1987).
3754:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3477:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2963:Caste in History
2957:
2946:
2945:
2927:Caste in History
2921:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2825:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2571:Theft of an Idol
2564:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2418:
2067:, Bamungors and
1931:Rajput lifestyle
1692:, and 0.16% for
1678:Himachal Pradesh
1639:in the state of
1605:acceded to India
1445:David Ochterlony
1397:Charles Metcalfe
945:Tomaras of Delhi
644:widow remarriage
486:D. R. Bhandarkar
374:
359:Early references
324:Himachal Pradesh
210:Himachal Pradesh
39:
38:
21:
9190:
9189:
9185:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9179:
9085:
9084:
9083:
9078:
8993:Karadiya Rajput
8961:
8910:
8877:
8812:
8739:
8729:
8693:
8690:
8685:
8659:
8648:
8627:
8606:
8582:
8561:
8540:
8495:
8471:
8450:
8429:
8405:
8384:
8363:
8339:
8318:
8297:
8276:
8252:
8228:
8207:
8186:
8165:
8144:
8123:
8099:
8059:
8035:
8019:Alf Hiltebeitel
8013:
8008:
8007:
8000:
7982:
7978:
7970:
7966:
7955:
7951:
7944:
7930:
7926:
7911:
7907:
7896:
7880:
7876:
7868:
7864:
7840:
7836:
7801:
7797:
7782:
7757:
7746:
7738:
7722:
7718:
7711:
7695:
7678:
7671:
7655:
7651:
7644:
7624:
7620:
7612:
7608:
7601:
7587:
7583:
7570:
7569:
7565:
7555:
7539:
7535:
7524:
7508:
7504:
7493:
7477:
7473:
7462:
7446:
7442:
7432:
7416:
7412:
7401:
7385:
7381:
7373:
7369:
7362:
7343:
7339:
7332:
7310:
7306:
7296:
7294:
7284:
7280:
7269:
7265:
7249:
7245:
7229:
7225:
7215:
7199:
7195:
7185:
7169:
7165:
7154:
7138:
7134:
7123:
7107:
7103:
7093:
7077:
7073:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7043:
7039:
7008:
7004:
6997:
6981:
6977:
6969:
6965:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6935:
6931:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6901:
6897:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6867:
6863:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6833:
6829:
6821:
6814:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6788:
6784:
6776:
6772:
6766:Ayan Shome 2014
6764:
6760:
6750:
6734:
6730:
6720:
6698:
6694:
6685:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6669:
6653:
6649:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6613:
6609:
6593:
6592:
6578:
6574:
6557:Anupama Verma.
6555:
6551:
6541:
6525:
6521:
6514:
6500:
6496:
6483:
6482:
6478:
6468:
6466:
6461:
6460:
6456:
6446:
6444:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6425:
6423:
6413:
6409:
6399:
6397:
6396:on 4 March 2016
6393:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6377:
6367:
6365:
6362:Hindustan Times
6356:
6355:
6351:
6336:
6332:
6322:
6320:
6319:. 28 April 2016
6317:Hindustan Times
6311:
6310:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6270:
6268:
6253:
6249:
6239:
6237:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6217:
6201:
6197:
6183:
6179:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6132:
6112:
6108:
6091:
6087:
6078:
6076:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6051:"Dogra dynasty"
6049:
6048:
6044:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6014:
6010:
6000:
5984:
5980:
5963:
5959:
5949:
5933:
5929:
5921:
5917:
5907:
5891:
5887:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5857:
5853:
5846:
5830:
5826:
5815:
5801:
5797:
5790:
5774:
5770:
5763:
5747:
5743:
5736:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5690:
5686:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5654:
5650:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5620:
5616:
5595:
5591:
5583:
5579:
5572:
5556:
5552:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5518:
5514:
5507:
5491:
5487:
5480:
5466:Jadunath Sarkar
5463:
5459:
5452:
5436:
5432:
5425:
5409:
5405:
5398:
5382:
5375:
5365:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5335:
5331:
5313:
5309:
5302:
5286:
5282:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5220:Chandra, Satish
5217:
5213:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5176:
5172:
5165:
5149:
5145:
5138:
5122:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5083:
5079:
5072:
5058:
5054:
5047:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5004:
5000:
4993:
4977:
4973:
4966:
4950:
4946:
4939:
4923:
4919:
4911:
4907:
4900:
4886:
4877:
4854:10.2307/3517716
4848:(9/10): 48–53.
4838:
4834:
4827:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4754:
4747:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4712:
4708:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4673:
4666:
4655:
4639:
4635:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4592:Giles Tillotson
4589:
4585:
4569:
4565:
4558:
4542:
4538:
4525:
4521:
4514:
4498:
4491:
4480:
4466:(1 June 2015).
4461:
4457:
4447:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4397:
4393:
4385:
4381:
4375:André Wink 1990
4373:
4369:
4359:
4343:
4339:
4328:
4312:
4308:
4298:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4249:
4245:
4234:
4218:
4214:
4204:
4185:
4181:
4170:
4154:
4150:
4139:
4116:
4112:
4101:
4082:
4078:
4060:
4040:
4036:
4025:
4009:
4005:
3994:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3962:
3954:
3950:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3900:
3896:
3890:André Wink 1990
3888:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3844:, pp. 8–9.
3840:
3833:
3822:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3782:
3771:
3729:
3727:
3716:
3712:
3698:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3642:
3638:
3632:Rima Hooja 2006
3630:
3626:
3615:
3592:
3588:
3578:
3570:, p. 566,
3557:
3553:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3501:
3497:
3489:
3480:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3379:
3363:
3359:
3348:
3332:
3328:
3317:
3301:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3277:
3273:
3262:
3243:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3148:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3035:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2996:, p. 265,
2992:
2985:
2974:
2958:
2949:
2938:
2922:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2828:
2816:
2809:
2799:
2791:. p. 171.
2776:
2772:
2756:
2752:
2741:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2679:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2607:
2603:
2597:Rima Hooja 2006
2595:
2591:
2582:
2561:
2540:
2536:
2525:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2371:
2366:
2364:List of Rajputs
2360:
2345:Mughal painting
2333:Rajput painting
2318:
2316:Rajput painting
2312:
2151:
2086:by drawing the
2053:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2012:
1933:
1894:
1881:
1864:
1836:lineages). The
1708:
1702:
1662:
1653:
1651:Rajput politics
1621:
1571:
1569:Princely States
1566:
1439:by 1817-18 and
1363:Warren Hastings
1350:
1306:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1226:Mughal emperors
1192:
1186:
1181:
1154:Ghurid invasion
1114:Krishnadevaraya
1037:Alauddin Khalji
1026:mounted archers
996:Mahmud Ghaznavi
979:conquered Sindh
902:Rajput kingdoms
894:Mehrangarh Fort
860:
850:
845:
824:Prithviraj Raso
729:Varna Ratnakara
683:
663:Sanskritisation
661:", which, like
458:Alf Hiltebeitel
448:Sanskritization
435:
433:Scholars' views
361:
356:
53:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9188:
9178:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9080:
9079:
9077:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8969:
8967:
8963:
8962:
8960:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8918:
8916:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8887:
8885:
8879:
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8875:
8869:
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8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
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8828:
8822:
8820:
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8811:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8749:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8728:
8727:
8720:
8713:
8705:
8699:
8698:
8689:
8688:External links
8686:
8684:
8683:
8672:
8652:
8646:
8631:
8625:
8610:
8604:
8586:
8580:
8565:
8559:
8544:
8538:
8524:Eugenia Vanina
8520:
8499:
8493:
8479:Stewart Gordon
8475:
8469:
8454:
8448:
8433:
8427:
8413:Satish Chandra
8409:
8403:
8388:
8382:
8367:
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8033:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8005:
7998:
7976:
7974:, p. 338.
7964:
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7942:
7924:
7905:
7894:
7874:
7862:
7834:
7795:
7781:978-0253116710
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6995:
6975:
6963:
6949:
6929:
6915:
6895:
6881:
6861:
6847:
6827:
6825:, p. 269.
6812:
6794:
6782:
6770:
6768:, p. 196.
6758:
6748:
6728:
6718:
6692:
6674:
6667:
6647:
6629:
6607:
6572:
6549:
6539:
6519:
6512:
6494:
6476:
6454:
6433:
6407:
6375:
6349:
6330:
6304:
6278:
6267:on 30 May 2016
6247:
6222:
6215:
6195:
6177:
6160:
6146:
6130:
6124:. p. 84.
6106:
6085:
6056:
6042:
6028:
6008:
5998:
5978:
5957:
5947:
5927:
5925:, p. 127.
5915:
5905:
5885:
5871:
5851:
5844:
5824:
5813:
5795:
5788:
5768:
5761:
5741:
5734:
5714:
5684:
5670:
5648:
5634:
5614:
5589:
5577:
5570:
5550:
5532:
5512:
5505:
5485:
5478:
5457:
5450:
5430:
5423:
5403:
5396:
5373:
5351:
5345:. JIPIRS: 34.
5329:
5307:
5300:
5280:
5241:
5234:
5211:
5190:
5170:
5163:
5143:
5136:
5116:
5104:
5097:
5077:
5070:
5052:
5045:
5025:
5018:
4998:
4991:
4971:
4964:
4944:
4937:
4917:
4915:, p. 132.
4905:
4898:
4875:
4832:
4825:
4804:
4797:
4775:
4768:
4745:
4733:
4726:
4706:
4694:
4687:
4664:
4653:
4633:
4616:
4606:
4583:
4563:
4556:
4536:
4519:
4512:
4489:
4478:
4455:
4445:
4418:
4411:
4391:
4379:
4367:
4357:
4337:
4326:
4306:
4296:
4276:
4266:
4252:Satish Chandra
4243:
4232:
4212:
4202:
4188:Alain Danielou
4179:
4168:
4148:
4137:
4110:
4099:
4076:
4058:
4034:
4023:
4003:
3992:
3972:
3960:
3948:
3930:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3892:, p. 282.
3882:
3870:
3858:
3856:, p. 121.
3846:
3831:
3820:
3797:
3788:
3786:, p. 120.
3769:
3767:
3766:
3755:
3736:
3710:
3696:
3666:
3656:
3636:
3624:
3613:
3586:
3576:
3551:
3528:
3518:
3495:
3493:, p. 119.
3478:
3457:
3450:
3427:
3420:
3400:
3388:
3377:
3357:
3346:
3326:
3315:
3295:
3283:
3271:
3260:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3198:
3191:
3169:
3167:, p. 257.
3157:
3146:
3119:
3112:
3092:
3080:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3033:
3013:
3001:
2983:
2972:
2947:
2936:
2913:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2841:
2826:
2820:, p. 87,
2807:
2797:
2770:
2750:
2739:
2715:
2700:
2688:
2677:
2663:Satish Chandra
2654:
2647:
2628:
2621:
2601:
2599:, p. 181.
2589:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2565:
2559:
2534:
2523:
2503:
2489:
2469:
2447:
2434:978-0815715030
2433:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2381:Muslim Rajputs
2378:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2362:Main article:
2359:
2358:Notable people
2356:
2314:Main article:
2311:
2308:
2295:respectively.
2150:
2147:
2114:Hindu Shastras
2088:umbilical cord
2082:, poisoning, "
2052:
2049:
2034:
2031:
2022:
2019:
2011:
2008:
1965:khanda nariyal
1932:
1929:
1925:Sherawali Mata
1893:
1890:
1880:
1877:
1863:
1860:
1824:("twig"), and
1704:Main article:
1701:
1698:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1620:
1617:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1534:Madhya Pradesh
1349:
1346:
1305:
1302:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1248:Michael Fisher
1201:, the Rana of
1185:
1184:Akbar's period
1182:
1180:
1177:
1118:Maldev Rathore
1041:Chittor (1303)
1018:defeated Ghori
1000:Somnath Temple
925:Northern India
849:
846:
844:
841:
682:
679:
636:Stewart Gordon
630:K. M. Panikkar
617:nomadic groups
606:Nomadic tribes
439:Satish Chandra
434:
431:
360:
357:
355:
352:
340:Madhya Pradesh
312:Western Punjab
308:Eastern Punjab
285:northern India
245:
244:
234:Madhya Pradesh
206:Western Punjab
202:Eastern Punjab
183:
179:
178:
169:
165:
164:
82:
78:
77:
64:
60:
59:
48:
47:Classification
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9187:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
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9138:
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9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9100:Indian castes
9098:
9096:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9029:Sagar Rajputs
9027:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
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9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
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8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
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8818:Chandravanshi
8815:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
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8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
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8719:
8714:
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8707:
8706:
8703:
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8691:
8680:
8679:
8673:
8670:(12): 232–240
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8430:
8428:9780333903964
8424:
8421:. Macmillan.
8420:
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8383:9780520018075
8379:
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8347:Peter Jackson
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8143:9780195634150
8139:
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8128:
8124:
8122:9781139449083
8118:
8114:
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8104:
8100:
8094:
8091:. Vij Books.
8090:
8089:
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8060:
8058:9789004095090
8054:
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7661:
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7645:
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7634:
7629:
7622:
7616:, p. 27.
7615:
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7567:
7560:
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7468:
7463:
7457:
7453:
7452:
7444:
7437:
7433:
7427:
7423:
7422:
7414:
7407:
7402:
7396:
7392:
7391:
7383:
7377:, p. 88.
7376:
7371:
7363:
7357:
7353:
7352:
7347:
7341:
7333:
7327:
7323:
7318:
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7092:9788188789092
7088:
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7029:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7006:
6998:
6992:
6988:
6987:
6979:
6973:, p. 31.
6972:
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6918:
6912:
6908:
6907:
6899:
6884:
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6848:9788290896121
6844:
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6808:
6804:
6798:
6791:
6786:
6779:
6774:
6767:
6762:
6755:
6751:
6745:
6741:
6740:
6732:
6725:
6721:
6715:
6711:
6706:
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6678:
6670:
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6660:
6659:
6651:
6643:
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6597:
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6156:
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6140:
6133:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6118:
6110:
6103:
6098:
6097:
6089:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6060:
6052:
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6012:
6005:
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5931:
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5906:9780199089376
5902:
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5508:
5502:
5498:
5497:
5489:
5481:
5479:81-250-0333-9
5475:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5453:
5451:81-269-0394-5
5447:
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5393:
5389:
5388:
5380:
5378:
5361:
5355:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5311:
5303:
5301:9780521798426
5297:
5293:
5292:
5284:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5245:
5237:
5235:9788124110669
5231:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5207:
5201:
5193:
5191:9788323399865
5187:
5183:
5182:
5174:
5166:
5164:9780195348347
5160:
5156:
5155:
5147:
5139:
5137:9781000196061
5133:
5129:
5128:
5120:
5113:
5108:
5100:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5081:
5073:
5067:
5063:
5056:
5048:
5046:9781316184363
5042:
5038:
5037:
5029:
5021:
5015:
5012:. Routledge.
5011:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4921:
4914:
4909:
4901:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4828:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4808:
4800:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4771:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4752:
4750:
4742:
4737:
4729:
4727:90-04-10303-1
4723:
4719:
4718:
4710:
4703:
4698:
4690:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4671:
4669:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4637:
4629:
4628:
4620:
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4609:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4567:
4559:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4540:
4532:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4496:
4494:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4464:Romila Thapar
4459:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4414:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4395:
4388:
4383:
4376:
4371:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4341:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4310:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4280:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4258:
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4247:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4225:
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4216:
4209:
4205:
4199:
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4194:
4189:
4183:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4152:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4119:Hermann Kulke
4114:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4044:Wendy Doniger
4038:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4007:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3976:
3970:, p. 33.
3969:
3964:
3958:, p. 25.
3957:
3952:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3928:, p. 11.
3927:
3922:
3915:
3910:
3903:
3898:
3891:
3886:
3880:, p. 13.
3879:
3874:
3867:
3862:
3855:
3850:
3843:
3838:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3763:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3737:
3725:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3640:
3633:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3560:Upinder Singh
3555:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3521:
3519:9781139449083
3515:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3461:
3453:
3451:9788173040375
3447:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3436:Hermann Kulke
3431:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3385:
3380:
3378:9788120709003
3374:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3299:
3292:
3287:
3281:, p. 59.
3280:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3261:0-391-04173-8
3257:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3235:, p. 60.
3234:
3229:
3223:, p. 16.
3222:
3217:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3192:9783825867584
3188:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3115:
3113:9783112026250
3109:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3089:
3088:Hastings 2002
3084:
3077:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3054:, p. 92.
3053:
3048:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3017:
3010:
3005:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2920:
2918:
2911:, p. 99.
2910:
2905:
2898:
2893:
2887:, pp. 3.
2886:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2863:, p. 24.
2862:
2857:
2851:, p. 38.
2850:
2845:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2798:90-04-10236-1
2794:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2698:, p. 59.
2697:
2692:
2685:
2680:
2678:9788124113868
2674:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2622:9780199098286
2618:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2598:
2593:
2583:
2581:9780691026503
2577:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2524:9781136516627
2520:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2492:
2490:9788175411401
2486:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2457:
2451:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Bihari Rajput
2374:
2373:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2350:According to
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2337:Central India
2334:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2273:Ravana Rajput
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2174:Jodhpur state
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2093:breastfeeding
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:strangulation
2077:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2030:
2027:
2021:Miscellaneous
2018:
2016:
2010:Hospitability
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:like that of
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Goddess Durga
1914:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1886:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1799:vamshāavalīis
1796:
1792:
1788:
1785:Lesser-noted
1783:
1782:and Chauhan.
1781:
1777:
1774:, Chaulukya (
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:Chandravanshi
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1670:Uttar Pradesh
1667:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:General caste
1616:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1587:Indira Gandhi
1584:
1580:
1576:
1561:
1559:
1558:Sagar Rajputs
1555:
1554:Sacred thread
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:Uttar Pradesh
1535:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:Asaf-ud-Daula
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1279:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:and grandson
1236:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1179:Mughal period
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1156:in the West.
1155:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:who defeated
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
910:anachronistic
906:
903:
895:
890:
883:
882:
877:
873:
869:
868:Junagarh Fort
864:
859:
855:
840:
838:
832:
830:
826:
825:
820:
819:
813:
811:
810:Mughal Empire
805:
802:
798:
797:
792:
791:Muhnot Nainsi
787:
785:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:
725:
724:Rajatarangini
720:
718:
714:
713:
712:Rajatarangini
707:
703:
698:
696:
687:
678:
676:
671:
668:
667:Hermann Kulke
664:
660:
659:Rajputisation
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
631:
627:
623:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
574:
572:
571:varna–samkara
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
532:
528:
527:Nancy MacLean
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
453:
452:Rajputization
449:
444:
440:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:
390:
389:
384:
383:
378:
370:
366:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:Uttar Pradesh
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
251:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:Uttar Pradesh
195:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:Chhattisgarhi
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
52:
51:Forward caste
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
8927:Hada Chauhan
8922:Gandhavariya
8753:Bais Rajputs
8735:
8677:
8667:
8663:
8636:
8615:
8594:
8570:
8549:
8528:
8515:
8511:
8504:David Henige
8483:
8459:
8438:
8417:
8393:
8372:
8351:
8327:
8306:
8285:
8264:
8240:
8216:
8195:
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8111:
8087:
8068:
8047:
8023:
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7979:
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7933:
7927:
7918:
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7837:
7812:
7808:
7798:
7767:
7739:
7731:
7726:
7719:
7699:
7659:
7652:
7632:
7628:David Lester
7621:
7609:
7590:
7584:
7575:
7572:"Hospitable"
7566:
7558:
7543:
7536:
7527:
7512:
7505:
7496:
7481:
7474:
7465:
7450:
7443:
7435:
7420:
7413:
7404:
7389:
7382:
7370:
7350:
7340:
7315:
7307:
7295:. Retrieved
7291:
7281:
7272:
7266:
7258:
7253:
7246:
7238:
7233:
7226:
7218:
7203:
7196:
7188:
7173:
7166:
7159:nationalism.
7157:
7142:
7135:
7126:
7111:
7104:
7096:
7081:
7074:
7062:. Retrieved
7047:
7040:
7015:
7011:
7005:
6985:
6978:
6966:
6954:. Retrieved
6939:
6932:
6920:. Retrieved
6905:
6898:
6886:. Retrieved
6871:
6864:
6852:. Retrieved
6837:
6830:
6806:
6797:
6785:
6773:
6761:
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6738:
6731:
6723:
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6695:
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6650:
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6582:
6575:
6566:
6562:
6552:
6544:
6529:
6522:
6497:
6488:
6479:
6467:. Retrieved
6457:
6445:. Retrieved
6436:
6424:. Retrieved
6420:
6410:
6398:. Retrieved
6391:the original
6378:
6366:. Retrieved
6361:
6352:
6343:
6333:
6321:. Retrieved
6316:
6307:
6295:. Retrieved
6290:
6281:
6269:. Retrieved
6265:the original
6260:
6250:
6238:. Retrieved
6234:
6225:
6205:
6198:
6190:
6186:
6180:
6163:
6149:
6138:
6135:
6116:
6109:
6100:
6095:
6088:
6077:, retrieved
6073:the original
6068:
6059:
6045:
6033:. Retrieved
6018:
6011:
6003:
5988:
5981:
5972:
5967:
5960:
5952:
5937:
5930:
5918:
5910:
5895:
5888:
5876:. Retrieved
5861:
5854:
5834:
5827:
5818:
5804:
5798:
5778:
5771:
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5744:
5724:
5717:
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5693:
5687:
5675:. Retrieved
5661:
5651:
5639:. Retrieved
5624:
5617:
5608:
5599:
5592:
5580:
5560:
5553:
5544:
5537:. Retrieved
5522:
5515:
5495:
5488:
5469:
5460:
5440:
5433:
5413:
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5386:
5364:. Retrieved
5354:
5346:
5342:
5332:
5324:
5320:
5310:
5290:
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4636:
4626:
4619:
4611:
4597:Mughal India
4596:
4586:
4578:
4573:
4566:
4546:
4539:
4529:
4522:
4502:
4483:
4468:
4458:
4450:
4435:
4431:Ayesha Jalal
4421:
4401:
4394:
4382:
4370:
4362:
4347:
4340:
4331:
4316:
4309:
4301:
4286:
4279:
4271:
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4246:
4237:
4222:
4215:
4207:
4192:
4182:
4173:
4158:
4151:
4142:
4127:
4113:
4104:
4089:
4085:Bayly, Susan
4079:
4069:
4065:
4063:
4048:
4037:
4028:
4013:
4006:
3997:
3982:
3975:
3963:
3951:
3943:the original
3933:
3921:
3909:
3897:
3885:
3873:
3868:, p. 4.
3861:
3849:
3825:
3810:
3800:
3791:
3760:
3748:
3746:
3741:
3728:. Retrieved
3722:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3679:
3669:
3661:
3646:
3639:
3627:
3618:
3603:
3589:
3581:
3563:
3554:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3523:
3508:
3498:
3473:
3460:
3440:
3430:
3410:
3403:
3391:
3382:
3367:
3360:
3351:
3336:
3329:
3320:
3305:
3298:
3286:
3274:
3265:
3250:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3211:, p. 8.
3182:
3172:
3160:
3151:
3136:
3128:Burton Stein
3122:
3102:
3095:
3083:
3076:Peabody 2003
3071:
3059:
3047:
3038:
3023:
3016:
3004:
2977:
2962:
2941:
2926:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2802:
2783:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2729:
2718:
2691:
2682:
2667:
2657:
2637:
2631:
2611:
2604:
2592:
2570:
2549:
2537:
2528:
2513:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2479:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2423:
2416:
2349:
2341:Punjab Hills
2330:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2277:
2241:
2237:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:Jaipur state
2166:
2158:Mughal Harem
2155:
2152:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2101:
2073:
2054:
2038:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2013:
1995:
1991:
1986:The general
1985:
1969:Karga Shapna
1968:
1964:
1952:
1950:
1924:
1921:Guru Ram Rai
1906:
1885:Martial Race
1882:
1879:Martial race
1865:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:("branch"),
1813:
1809:
1805:
1804:Beneath the
1803:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1784:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1709:
1706:Rajput clans
1700:Subdivisions
1663:
1660:Demographics
1654:
1622:
1609:
1595:
1572:
1549:
1530:William Rowe
1527:
1524:
1516:ethnographic
1509:
1503:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1468:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1359:
1341:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1307:
1291:
1277:
1252:
1223:
1158:
1150:
1130:
1106:early combat
1061:Tughlaq army
1034:
973:
922:
907:
899:
879:
833:
822:
816:
814:
806:
800:
794:
788:
783:
777:
773:
768:
766:
761:
757:
754:Gāndhavariyā
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
727:
723:
721:
710:
705:
701:
699:
692:
674:
672:
648:
634:
613:social class
610:
587:
579:Burton Stein
575:
570:
567:
536:
482:Gupta Empire
456:
436:
426:
423:Al-Baladhuri
392:
386:
380:
364:
362:
289:
277:
260:
256:
249:
248:
222:Azad Kashmir
36:
8768:Mair Rajput
8745:Suryavanshi
8260:Irfan Habib
7815:: 337–345.
7018:(1): 1–20.
6568:Rajputs....
5878:30 November
5366:27 November
5261:: 438–445.
4427:Sugata Bose
3599:Irfan Habib
3595:Irfan Habib
3544:: 134–135.
3040:Kshatriyas.
2326:Nihâl Chand
2300:Uttarakhand
2045:Roop Kanwar
2026:tradition.
1961:Chhau dance
1953:Pari Khanda
1868:Bengal army
1791:Rishivanshi
1744:Suryavanshi
1682:Uttarakhand
1668:, 7-8% for
1598:Dogra ruler
1596:The Rajput
1583:Privy purse
1546:British Raj
1267:Rana Pratap
1214:Man Singh I
1199:Rana Pratap
1081:Rana Kumbha
1057:Rana Hammir
991:Bappa Rawal
957:Gahadavalas
933:Shakambhari
514:Mahabharata
506:Vedic Aryan
502:Nationalist
490:C.V. Vaidya
394:Mahabharata
332:Uttarakhand
320:West Bengal
273:warriorhood
269:patrilineal
238:Maharashtra
214:Uttarakhand
54:(except in
18:Naga (clan)
9089:Categories
8978:Harihobans
8883:Agnivanshi
8043:André Wink
7943:0195605314
7064:20 October
6368:22 October
6139:panchayats
6079:30 October
5539:22 January
5533:0520916301
3730:14 January
3657:0195667204
3246:André Wink
2779:André Wink
2648:0391041738
2403:References
2339:, and the
1992:Jai Mataji
1913:Lord Shiva
1909:Karni Mata
1901:Karni Mata
1764:Agnivanshi
1756:Somavanshi
1721:Kshatriyas
1680:, 35% for
1676:, 28% for
1425:Pratapgarh
1413:Kishangarh
1392:Ameer Khan
1286:See also:
1239:Shah Jahan
1188:See also:
1085:Rana Sanga
1005:Mohd Ghori
983:Raja Dahir
949:Chaulukyas
896:in Jodhpur
852:See also:
746:Kachchvāha
498:Dravidians
415:Andre Wink
113:Shekhawati
9069:Bhadauria
8952:Chundawat
8947:Shaktawat
8937:Shekhawat
8841:Chudasama
8836:Benvanshi
7854:641457000
7821:2249-1937
7790:191950586
7485:. Orion.
7297:26 August
7292:India.com
7032:144987021
6956:24 August
6922:24 August
6888:24 August
6854:24 August
6596:cite book
6421:The Hindu
6291:The Hindu
6035:24 August
5700:: 56–73.
5267:2249-1937
5200:cite book
4862:0970-0293
4064:The term
3704:Rājaputra
3469:feudatory
2408:Citations
2331:The term
2199:The term
2004:jagirdars
1981:Navaratri
1979:) during
1973:Navaratri
1957:Jharkhand
1713:Rajputana
1688:, 5% for
1672:, 7% for
1666:Rajasthan
1641:Karnataka
1579:Rajputana
1486:Rajputana
1464:James Tod
1437:Jaisalmer
1433:Dungarpur
1333:Kshatriya
1294:Aurangzeb
1126:Rajasthan
953:Paramaras
914:Ghaznavid
774:rajaputra
769:rajaputra
742:Chandella
478:Kshatriya
466:Scythians
425:refer as
407:Chachnama
365:rājaputra
363:The word
292:Rajasthan
257:rājaputra
230:Jharkhand
186:Rajasthan
81:Languages
63:Religions
56:Karnataka
9039:Langrial
9003:Lohtamia
8988:Jasrotia
8983:Jaitawat
8915:Subclans
8826:Banaphar
8783:Kachwaha
8778:Bargujar
8592:(2019).
8526:(2012).
8481:(2007).
8415:(1982).
8349:(2003).
8262:(2002).
8238:(2002).
8109:(2004).
8045:(1990).
8021:(1999).
7829:44146726
7762:(2006).
7630:(2012).
6803:"Rajput"
6642:The Wire
6469:18 March
6447:17 March
6426:17 March
6400:18 March
6261:The Wire
5820:Chittor.
5706:20111117
5610:Rajpoot.
5360:"Rajput"
5275:44145860
5222:(2007).
4815:(1995).
4594:(1991).
4433:(2004).
4254:(1996).
4190:(2003).
4125:(2004).
4087:(2001).
3808:(2002).
3562:(2008),
3506:(2003).
3438:(1993).
3248:(2002).
3130:(2004).
2781:(1991).
2665:(2008).
2547:(1996).
2369:See also
2264:Kayastha
2194:pardayat
2190:khavasin
2084:Asphyxia
2076:drowning
1988:greeting
1977:Kuldevta
1717:Bundelas
1429:Banswara
1244:Timurids
1235:Jahangir
1175:region.
965:Sisodias
961:Chandela
779:thakkura
758:Baisvara
734:Chouhāna
702:rajputra
675:rajputra
531:Brahmins
522:Kausalya
518:Draupadi
510:Ramayana
474:Agnikula
388:Ramayana
373:राजपुत्र
369:Sanskrit
254:Sanskrit
176:Pakistan
141:Gujarati
137:Maithili
125:Bhojpuri
117:Dhundari
93:Haryanvi
67:Hinduism
9095:Rajputs
9074:Khokhar
9025:(Pawar)
8973:Bundela
8906:Parihar
8901:Solanki
8891:Chauhan
8846:Chandel
8793:Sisodia
8763:Rathore
8734:of the
8506:(ed.).
8078:4413150
4870:3517716
4175:onwards
4144:history
4046:(ed.).
3601:(ed.).
3568:Pearson
3134:(ed.).
2727:(ed.).
2496:4 March
2462:9 April
2440:18 July
2347:style.
2304:Gharwal
2293:Laundis
2209:Brahmin
2205:chakras
2162:Mughals
2000:war cry
1945:Jodhpur
1892:Deities
1870:of the
1847:kuldevi
1780:Parihar
1776:Solanki
1760:Chandra
1690:Gujarat
1635:by the
1497:Plassey
1459:masnavi
1417:Bikaner
1405:Udaipur
1388:Pindari
1384:Holkars
1380:Scindia
1376:Udaipur
1372:Jodhpur
1259:Sisodia
1161:Purbiya
1138:Bhojpur
1090:Gujarat
1077:Gujarat
1022:Taraori
969:Guhilas
943:), the
876:Rathore
872:Bikaner
843:History
837:knights
818:charans
750:Guhilot
717:Kalhana
468:or the
427:thakurs
382:Rigveda
304:Gujarat
300:Haryana
194:Gujarat
190:Haryana
168:Country
153:Marathi
149:Punjabi
105:Marwari
97:Bundeli
75:Sikhism
9054:Domaal
9049:Janjua
9034:Langah
9023:Panwar
9018:Nanwag
9013:Minhas
8998:Kinwar
8932:Naruka
8896:Parmar
8866:Sengar
8861:Katoch
8856:Jadeja
8851:Jadaun
8803:Pundir
8798:Guhila
8773:Bersal
8758:Gautam
8738:people
8736:Rajput
8644:
8623:
8602:
8578:
8557:
8536:
8491:
8467:
8446:
8425:
8401:
8380:
8359:
8335:
8314:
8293:
8272:
8248:
8224:
8203:
8182:
8161:
8140:
8119:
8095:
8076:
8055:
8031:
7996:
7940:
7892:
7852:
7827:
7819:
7788:
7778:
7707:
7667:
7640:
7597:
7551:
7520:
7498:sight.
7489:
7458:
7428:
7397:
7358:
7328:
7211:
7181:
7150:
7119:
7089:
7055:
7030:
6993:
6947:
6913:
6879:
6845:
6746:
6716:
6665:
6589:state.
6537:
6510:
6323:4 June
6297:4 June
6271:4 June
6240:4 June
6213:
6128:
6026:
5996:
5945:
5903:
5869:
5842:
5811:
5786:
5759:
5732:
5704:
5677:9 July
5668:
5632:
5568:
5530:
5503:
5476:
5448:
5421:
5394:
5298:
5273:
5265:
5232:
5188:
5161:
5134:
5095:
5068:
5043:
5016:
4989:
4962:
4935:
4896:
4868:
4860:
4823:
4795:
4766:
4724:
4685:
4651:
4604:
4554:
4510:
4476:
4443:
4429:&
4409:
4355:
4324:
4294:
4264:
4230:
4200:
4166:
4135:
4121:&
4097:
4066:Rajput
4056:
4021:
3990:
3818:
3694:
3654:
3611:
3574:
3516:
3448:
3418:
3384:times"
3375:
3344:
3313:
3258:
3189:
3144:
3110:
3031:
2970:
2934:
2795:
2737:
2675:
2645:
2619:
2578:
2557:
2521:
2487:
2431:
2289:Nufurs
2266:, and
2244:Marwar
2238:Paswan
2225:daroga
2217:darogi
2201:chakar
2131:Gujars
2097:Datura
2065:Gahlot
2061:Etawah
1941:hookah
1772:Parmar
1762:, and
1738:These
1732:vamsha
1645:Punjab
1441:Sirohi
1421:Jaipur
1368:Jaipur
1298:Jaziya
1254:jaziya
1142:taluks
1122:Marwar
1110:Khanwa
1053:Jalore
1049:Siwana
989:under
955:, the
951:, the
947:, the
918:Ghurid
738:Pamāra
722:While
651:Shudra
622:castes
602:Rabari
594:Charan
590:Pabuji
563:Raikas
555:Gujars
539:varnas
443:Shudra
354:Origin
261:Thakur
252:(from
250:Rajput
240:, and
182:Region
157:Pahari
145:Sindhi
133:Magahi
129:Awadhi
109:Mewari
42:Rajput
9064:Sodha
9059:Samma
9044:Jhala
8957:Dogra
8942:Taoni
8873:Tomar
8831:Bhati
8808:Gohil
8732:Clans
8660:(PDF)
7825:JSTOR
7406:that.
7028:S2CID
6686:(PDF)
6623:: 5.
6394:(PDF)
6387:(PDF)
6172:(PDF)
5702:JSTOR
5641:2 May
5271:JSTOR
4866:JSTOR
3322:king.
2789:BRILL
2268:Darji
2248:Gujar
2182:patar
2178:davri
2107:Poppy
2102:Madar
1852:shakh
1834:gotra
1822:khanp
1818:khamp
1814:shakh
1806:vansh
1795:vansh
1787:vansh
1748:Surya
1740:vansh
1728:vansh
1694:Nepal
1686:Bihar
1674:Delhi
1542:Bihar
1453:kavya
1409:Bundi
1327:Janeu
1304:Later
1263:Mewar
1231:Akbar
1218:Akbar
1203:Mewar
1173:Malwa
1169:Awadh
1165:Bihar
1146:Awadh
1102:Babur
1098:Delhi
1094:Malwa
1073:Malwa
1020:near
1014:Ajmer
971:etc.
941:Jalor
937:Nadol
793:i.e.
784:rauta
764:etc.
762:Bhaṭi
706:rāuta
551:Minas
543:Bhils
470:Hunas
419:Dahir
411:Sindh
401:from
377:Hindu
344:Sindh
336:Bihar
328:Jammu
296:Delhi
242:Sindh
226:Bihar
172:India
161:Dogri
121:Malwi
85:Hindi
71:Islam
9008:Mian
8788:Gaur
8642:ISBN
8621:ISBN
8600:ISBN
8576:ISBN
8555:ISBN
8534:ISBN
8489:ISBN
8465:ISBN
8444:ISBN
8423:ISBN
8399:ISBN
8378:ISBN
8357:ISBN
8333:ISBN
8312:ISBN
8291:ISBN
8270:ISBN
8246:ISBN
8222:ISBN
8201:ISBN
8180:ISBN
8159:ISBN
8138:ISBN
8117:ISBN
8093:ISBN
8074:OCLC
8053:ISBN
8029:ISBN
7994:ISBN
7938:ISBN
7890:ISBN
7850:OCLC
7817:ISSN
7786:OCLC
7776:ISBN
7705:ISBN
7665:ISBN
7638:ISBN
7595:ISBN
7549:ISBN
7518:ISBN
7487:ISBN
7456:ISBN
7426:ISBN
7395:ISBN
7356:ISBN
7326:ISBN
7299:2020
7209:ISBN
7179:ISBN
7148:ISBN
7117:ISBN
7087:ISBN
7066:2010
7053:ISBN
6991:ISBN
6958:2013
6945:ISBN
6924:2013
6911:ISBN
6890:2013
6877:ISBN
6856:2013
6843:ISBN
6744:ISBN
6714:ISBN
6663:ISBN
6602:link
6535:ISBN
6508:ISBN
6471:2015
6449:2015
6428:2015
6402:2015
6370:2022
6325:2016
6299:2016
6273:2016
6242:2016
6211:ISBN
6126:ISBN
6081:2014
6037:2013
6024:ISBN
5994:ISBN
5943:ISBN
5901:ISBN
5880:2011
5867:ISBN
5840:ISBN
5809:ISBN
5784:ISBN
5757:ISBN
5730:ISBN
5679:2011
5666:ISBN
5643:2022
5630:ISBN
5566:ISBN
5541:2021
5528:ISBN
5501:ISBN
5474:ISBN
5446:ISBN
5419:ISBN
5392:ISBN
5368:2010
5296:ISBN
5263:ISSN
5230:ISBN
5206:link
5186:ISBN
5159:ISBN
5132:ISBN
5093:ISBN
5066:ISBN
5041:ISBN
5014:ISBN
4987:ISBN
4960:ISBN
4933:ISBN
4894:ISBN
4858:ISSN
4821:ISBN
4793:ISBN
4764:ISBN
4722:ISBN
4683:ISBN
4649:ISBN
4602:ISBN
4552:ISBN
4508:ISBN
4474:ISBN
4441:ISBN
4407:ISBN
4353:ISBN
4322:ISBN
4292:ISBN
4262:ISBN
4228:ISBN
4198:ISBN
4164:ISBN
4133:ISBN
4095:ISBN
4054:ISBN
4019:ISBN
3988:ISBN
3816:ISBN
3747:The
3732:2019
3692:ISBN
3652:ISBN
3609:ISBN
3572:ISBN
3514:ISBN
3446:ISBN
3416:ISBN
3373:ISBN
3342:ISBN
3311:ISBN
3256:ISBN
3187:ISBN
3142:ISBN
3108:ISBN
3029:ISBN
2968:ISBN
2932:ISBN
2793:ISBN
2735:ISBN
2673:ISBN
2643:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2576:ISBN
2555:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2498:2017
2485:ISBN
2464:2017
2442:2017
2429:ISBN
2310:Arts
2291:and
2260:Mali
2252:Ahir
2234:Jain
2223:and
2221:gola
2215:and
2213:goli
2172:and
2129:and
2127:Jats
2069:Bais
2040:Sati
2033:Sati
1866:The
1768:Agni
1736:jāti
1612:Oudh
1540:and
1511:sati
1508:and
1475:Oudh
1456:and
1401:Kota
1374:and
1342:Raja
1167:and
1096:and
1075:and
1051:and
939:and
916:and
900:The
856:and
799:and
782:and
704:and
600:and
598:Bhil
559:Jats
547:Mers
520:and
512:and
403:NWFP
391:and
346:and
174:and
89:Urdu
7322:122
7020:doi
5605:217
4850:doi
3684:doi
2256:Jat
2105:or
1856:kul
1842:kul
1838:kul
1830:kul
1826:nak
1820:or
1810:kul
1778:),
1730:or
1600:of
1573:On
1144:of
1120:of
1104:in
1067:in
1063:of
1012:of
870:in
715:by
409:of
348:AJK
9091::
8666:,
8662:,
8514:.
8510:.
7898:.
7856:.
7823:.
7813:72
7811:.
7807:.
7784:.
7747:^
7679:^
7574:.
7557:.
7526:.
7495:.
7464:.
7434:.
7403:.
7324:.
7290:.
7217:.
7187:.
7156:.
7125:.
7095:.
7026:.
7016:13
7014:.
6815:^
6805:.
6752:.
6722:.
6712:.
6710:15
6640:.
6619:.
6598:}}
6594:{{
6561:.
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