560:
691:
445:
682:
960:) had become obsolete in the Turkish language after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. However, at that point Constantinople was still used when writing the city's name in Latin script. In 1928, the Turkish alphabet was changed from the Arabic to the Latin script. Beginning in 1930, Turkey officially requested that other countries use Turkish names for Turkish cities, instead of other transliterations to Latin script that had been used in the Ottoman times.
4852:
4840:
854:
2621:
2117:
G. Necipoğlu. "From
Byzantine Constantinople to Ottoman Kostantiniyye: Creation of a Cosmopolitan Capital and Visual Culture under Sultan Mehmed II" Ex. cat. "From Byzantion to Istanbul: 8000 Years of a Capital", June 5 – September 4, 2010, Sabanci University Sakip Sabanci Museum, Istanbul. Istanbul:
1069:
1540:) is a quite simplistic and descriptory expression for the Asian side of Istanbul, especially for those living in the European side. Those living in the Asian side however do not use this expression to denote the European side, but simply call it
1112:) appeared after the Ottoman conquest of 1453 to express the city's new role as the capital of the Islamic Ottoman Empire. It was first attested shortly after the conquest, and its invention was ascribed by some contemporary writers to sultan
667:
of 1453, it was used as the most formal official name in
Ottoman Turkish, and remained in use throughout most of the time up to the fall of the Empire in 1922. However, during some periods Ottoman authorities favoured other names (see below).
1570:
for the modern city during the 20th century, following the current usage in the
Turkish Republic. However, many languages also preserve other, traditional names. Greeks continue to call the city Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολη
1120:, describe it as the common Turkish name of the time. Between the late 17th and late 18th centuries, it was also in official use. The first use of the word "Islambol" on coinage was in 1730 during the reign of sultan
1047:
did in
Turkish, until the time it was replaced by the official new usage of the Turkish form in the 1930s for the entire city. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Western European and American sources often used
4512:
2006:, 1:16 (c. 439) that the emperor named the city "Constantinople" while decreeing that it be designated a "second Rome" (‘Κωνσταντινούπολιν’ μετονομάσας, χρηματίζειν ‘δευτέραν Ῥώμην’ νόμῳ ἐκύρωσεν).
4429:
1243:
to refer to the authorities located there, and hence for the central
Ottoman imperial administration. Modern historians also refer to government by these terms, similar to the popular usage of
1255:
Many peoples neighboring the
Byzantine Empire used names expressing concepts like "The Great City", "City of the Emperors", "Capital of the Romans" or similar. During the 10th to 12th century
4270:
4800:
4624:
4240:
3829:
1136:
Ottomans and foreign contemporaries, especially in diplomatic correspondence, referred to the
Ottoman imperial government with particular honorifics. Among them are the following:
4245:
943:
stated that year that mail to "Constantinople" may no longer be delivered. In 1929, Turkish government advocated for the use of
Istanbul in English instead of Constantinople. The
497:, "many" Turkish members of the public as well as Turkish historians often perceive the use of Constantinople for the Ottoman city, despite being historically accurate, as being "
1013:
are attested from early on in the Middle Ages, first in Arabic sources of the 10th century and
Armenian ones of the 12th. Some early sources also attest to an even shorter form
2623:
Ottoman Arabs in
Istanbul, 1860-1914: Perceptions of Empire, Experiences of the Metropole through the Writings of Aḥmad Fāris al-Shidyāq, Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā, and Jirjī Zaydān
1247:
in Britain. The Sublime Gate is not inside Topkapı palace; the administration building whose gate is named Bâb-ı Âlî is between Agia Sofia and Beyazit mosque, a huge building.
774:
The incorporation of parts of articles and other particles into Greek place names was common even before the Ottoman period: Navarino for earlier Avarino, Satines for Athines,
482:(408–450). It remained the principal official name of the city throughout the Byzantine period, and the most common name used for it in the West until the early 20th century.
4295:
102:
in 667 BC. The name is believed to be of Thracian or Illyrian origin and thus to predate the Greek settlement. It may be derived from a Thracian or Illyrian personal name,
391:
on May 11, 330, he undertook a major construction project, essentially rebuilding the city on a monumental scale, partly modeled after Rome. Names of this period included
4781:
2157:, was entertained as an hypothesis by some researchers in the 19th century but is today regarded as obsolete; see Sakaoğlu (1993/94a: 254) and Stachowski for references.
1390:
is a living alternative name for the modern city, as well as being used when referring to the historic capital of the medieval Roman Empire or the Ottoman Empire. In
2626:, f.n. 26 quoting Riḍā, M. R. 1971. Riḥlat al-Imām Rashīd Riḍā (ed. Y. Ibish), Beirut. The Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington, DC. Accessed 21 September 2020.
872:
was the common name for the city in normal speech in Turkish even before the conquest of 1453, but in official use by the Ottoman authorities other names, such as
4097:
2088:
referred only toin the 18th century." and "For the duration of Ottoman rule, western sources continued to refer to the city as Constantinople, reserving the name
1512:
has widened in meaning to include exclusively the entire European side of Istanbul. The Asian side is usually not considered as Estambol; however, the expression
2302:
1561:
4817:
2312:
3738:
2900:
4150:
3703:
2334:
2092:
for the walled city." and "Today the use of the nameis often deemed politically incorrectby most Turks." // (entry ends, with author named, on p.
28:, and Stamboul. Different names are associated with different phases of its history, with different languages, and with different portions of it.
4087:
2355:
2266:
Röder, Tilmann J. (2012-01-11). "The Separation of Powers: Historical and Comparative Perspectives". In Grote, Rainer; Tilmann J. Röder (eds.).
2890:
1505:
was used for the area of the old city and Pera. Today the word Kosta is restricted only for historical purposes and is no more in common use.
921:
wrote in 1929 that "'Istambul' (our usual form for the word is 'Stamboul') has always been the Turkish name for the whole of Constantinople".
4315:
3819:
2895:
2948:
2449:
2968:
1969:, vol. 164 (Stuttgart 2005), column 442, there is no evidence for the tradition that Constantine officially dubbed the city "New Rome" (
4788:
2880:
519:), also as an adjective, Βασιλεύουσα, the 'Reigning City'. In popular speech, the most common way of referring to it came to be simply
3524:
1956:
Necdet Sakaoğlu (1993/94a): "İstanbul'un adları" . In: 'Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi', ed. Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı, Istanbul.
493:—the core Walled City was always Istambul for the Ottomans. According to Eldem Edhem, who wrote an encyclopedia entry on Istanbul for
3015:
702:, the first published atlas in the Ottoman Empire, dated 1803, refers to the city as İstanbul. Second map refers to the Bosphorus as
2991:
587:
3834:
2858:
3480:
2875:
2243:
Necdet Sakaoğlu (1993/94b): "Kostantiniyye". In: 'Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi', ed. Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı, Istanbul.
49:. This may have been the name of a Thracian settlement situated on the site of the later city, near the point of the peninsula (
3209:
3085:
1914:
559:
438:
3844:
2753:
from OTTOMAN TURKISH to LADINO: the case of Mehmet Sadık Rifat Pasha's Risâle-i Ahlâk and Judge Yehezkel Gabbay's Buen Dotrino
2590:
Reintroducing Philosophy: Thinking as the Gathering of Civilization: According to contemporary, Islamicate and ancient sources
4444:
3001:
2598:
2547:
1932:
3723:
4434:
4424:
4363:
3161:
2885:
2963:
2933:
3399:
4893:
4681:
4605:
4112:
4070:
3728:
2841:
2214:
3356:
1235:
The "Gate of Felicity", the "Sublime Gate", and the "Sublime Porte" were literally places within the Ottoman sultans'
888:. In 19th century Turkish book-printing it was also used in the impressum of books, in contrast to the foreign use of
4712:
3629:
3589:
2811:
2647:
2287:
1897:
4759:
4676:
4573:
4202:
4903:
4888:
4812:
4724:
4646:
4285:
3753:
3733:
3698:
3554:
3465:
2996:
4776:
4688:
4595:
3718:
2299:
2016:"The Seven Ecumenical Councils | Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Ccel.org. 2005-06-01. Retrieved 2017-05-22.
513:, the Byzantines referred to the city with a large range of honorary appellations, such as the "Queen of Cities" (
4651:
4230:
4215:
3624:
2905:
880:
was used on coinage up to the late 17th and then again in the 19th century. The Ottoman chancery and courts used
548:). This usage, still current today in colloquial Greek and Armenian (Պոլիս, pronounced "Polis" or "Bolis" in the
4502:
1735:
4883:
4769:
4497:
2484:
2309:
2077:
1501:
publications during the Ottoman period. Kosta was the name for the entire province of Istanbul, while the word
330:
190:
4537:
3814:
3338:
3310:
1056:
to refer to the central parts located on the historic peninsula, i.e. Byzantine-era Constantinople inside the
4764:
4751:
4734:
4532:
3743:
3300:
2205:
1712:
80:
4656:
4583:
4578:
3713:
3634:
896:
too was part of the official language, for instance in the titles of the highest Ottoman military commander
4898:
4588:
4290:
4275:
4210:
3584:
3549:
3285:
2986:
2335:"IN A NEW ERA, OLD CITIES ARE RENAMED; Nationalism and Revolution Record Their Victories Through the World"
2298:
has a direct translation of the line about the capital being Istanbul. // Original document: Kanun-ı Esasi
905:
1516:
would encompass the boundaries of the present-day city. There are few expression denoting the Asian side.
20:
has been known by a number of different names. The most notable names besides the modern Turkish name are
4693:
4406:
4393:
3943:
3882:
3873:
3799:
3470:
3412:
3329:
2910:
2387:
2271:
933:
912:
and several other variant forms of the same name were also widely used in Ottoman literature and poetry.
3539:
3809:
3579:
3227:
2402:
1999:
1402:(used in the 19th century, now only occasionally). It was also borrowed from the Slavic languages into
963:
In English, the name is usually written "Istanbul". In modern Turkish, the name is written "İstanbul" (
746:
4477:
4358:
1021:
alone without the preceding article. (This latter form lives on in modern Armenian.) The word-initial
4305:
4265:
4030:
3614:
4469:
4397:
4050:
3222:
2676:
2130:
Marek Stachowski, Robert Woodhouse, "The Etymology of İstanbul: Making Optimal Use of the Evidence"
857:
A 1927 map of Turkey which was published before the alphabet reform, where the name İstanbul is used
3776:
3771:
3257:
2783:
Seznam tujih imen v slovenskem jeziku. Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije. Ljubljana 2001. p. 18.
864:
originally was not used for the entire city, instead the name referred to the core of Istanbul—the
726:
633:
549:
4565:
3978:
3346:
3148:
2867:
4878:
4280:
4260:
4220:
4163:
3859:
3854:
3670:
3452:
3247:
3075:
2434:
2424:
865:
321:
205:
181:
4492:
3993:
3933:
3609:
3199:
1683:) from Istanbul is also used in everyday speech and officially used in the Republic of Armenia.
4705:
4449:
4092:
4079:
4017:
3839:
3824:
3171:
2834:
664:
221:
177:
141:
121:
71:
4527:
3895:
3849:
3791:
3763:
3690:
3564:
3516:
3507:
2488:
2295:
2279:
2275:
2093:
2081:
4310:
4255:
3958:
3781:
3275:
3242:
3156:
3128:
3098:
3070:
3032:
2637:
1275:, who had contacts with the Byzantine Empire through their expansion through eastern Europe (
944:
884:
as part of intricate formulae in expressing the place of origin of formal documents, such as
760:
498:
475:
426:
The Third Canon of the First Council of Constantinople (381) refers to the city as New Rome.
384:
3442:
3422:
2588:
690:
4556:
4353:
4320:
4235:
4225:
4188:
4135:
3963:
3529:
3437:
3290:
2978:
2958:
2352:
1924:
1395:
1371:
931:
agents were informed that telegrams now must be addressed to "Istanbul" or "Stamboul", but
430:
309:
173:
4383:
4373:
4330:
4178:
3900:
3655:
3369:
2689:
2015:
448:
A postcard, c. 1905, refers to the city as Constantinople, and the inner city as Stamboul.
8:
4639:
4250:
3973:
3948:
3938:
3432:
3427:
3417:
3118:
3113:
3037:
2953:
2069:
1624:
1600:
1439:
1359:
342:
3389:
3194:
927:
wrote that "To the Turks themselves it never was Constantinople, but Istanbul." In 1929
429:
The term "New Rome" lent itself to East-West polemics, especially in the context of the
320:
only in 1555, a century after the empire, whose inhabitants called it the Roman Empire (
4600:
4368:
4003:
3910:
3804:
3569:
3544:
3407:
3315:
3265:
3093:
3065:
2795:
2664:
2454:
2339:
2226:
2174:
1840:
1798:
1684:
1640:
1351:
939:
917:
574:
490:
4173:
3559:
3042:
2727:
778:
Similar examples of modern Turkish place names derived from Greek in this fashion are
767:. It is thus based on the common Greek usage of referring to Constantinople simply as
756:
569:
478:
who established it as his capital. It is first attested in official use under Emperor
474:
in English, was the name by which the city became soon more widely known, in honor of
4856:
4739:
4612:
4487:
4439:
4419:
3890:
3748:
3675:
3364:
3295:
3237:
3108:
2827:
2807:
2643:
2594:
2543:
2480:
2283:
2073:
1977:). Commemorative coins that were issued during the 330s already refer to the city as
1928:
1893:
1676:
1652:
1608:
1604:
1403:
1367:
734:
368:
264:
4158:
3905:
3493:
3384:
1236:
1158:
433:, when it was used by Greek writers to stress the rivalry with (the original) Rome.
4668:
4617:
4482:
4348:
4325:
4300:
4125:
4060:
4055:
3968:
3604:
3488:
3374:
3305:
3176:
3060:
2920:
2218:
2142:
2138:
1920:
1832:
1790:
1696:
1616:
1596:
1584:
1427:
1379:
1375:
1363:
1355:
1309:
1201:
1057:
972:
831:
721:
615:
444:
312:, whose capital was Constantinople. As a term for the east Roman state as a whole,
4168:
3708:
3650:
3217:
3052:
2191:
1117:
4378:
3988:
3619:
3166:
2316:
2306:
1588:
1435:
1431:
1228:
984:
738:
644:
626:
607:
317:
42:
4130:
4040:
3665:
2027:
4793:
4729:
4700:
4454:
4025:
3138:
3133:
2799:
2407:
1498:
1391:
1327:
1256:
751:
545:
527:
486:
458:
360:
213:
149:
129:
91:
25:
2028:"Bartholomew, Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch"
371:(193–211) conferred the name in honor of his son Antoninus, the later Emperor
4872:
4844:
4183:
3953:
3379:
3280:
3103:
3024:
1760:
1150:
652:
479:
4045:
4717:
4517:
4140:
4102:
4035:
3680:
3594:
3534:
3232:
2943:
2928:
2370:
1716:
1663:(Eastern and Western Armenian pronunciation, respectively), shortened from
1034:
923:
827:
733:) is attested (in a range of variants) since the 10th century, at first in
681:
537:
388:
110:
as the leader of the Megarean colonists and eponymous founder of the city.
3574:
3270:
552:
prevalent in the city), also became the source of the later Turkish name,
4507:
4459:
4414:
3998:
3983:
3660:
3599:
3460:
2938:
2702:
988:
699:
161:
1276:
1185:
1026:
937:
stated that mail could still be delivered to "Constantinople". However
928:
823:
169:
50:
4340:
2230:
2178:
1844:
1802:
489:
to describe the entire urban area of the city until the advent of the
4542:
4522:
2505:
2168:
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association
2064:
Edhem, Eldem. "Istanbul." In: Ágoston, Gábor and Bruce Alan Masters.
1825:
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association
1783:
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association
1743:
1313:
1280:
1244:
1113:
1073:
968:
787:
564:
485:
This name was also used (including its Kostantiniyye variant) by the
372:
62:
21:
4120:
3920:
3186:
2850:
2222:
1836:
1794:
1521:
1350:'the city of the emperor '. The term is still occasionally used in
1339:
1304:
1240:
1121:
886:
be-Makam-ı Darü's-Saltanat-ı Kostantiniyyetü'l-Mahrusâtü'l-Mahmiyye
157:
17:
4805:
1702:
is still largely used and often preferred over the official name.
791:
779:
4634:
1823:
Georgacas, Demetrius John (1947). "The Names of Constantinople".
1781:
Georgacas, Demetrius John (1947). "The Names of Constantinople".
1595:
is also universally accepted and employed in many translations),
1532:
are common words to denote the Asian side of Istanbul. Moreover,
1331:
1272:
1260:
1222:
1195:
1179:
1167:
1154:
1144:
1092:
951:
908:
states that "The capital city of the Ottoman State is İstanbul".
3928:
1259:
was one of the largest two cities in the world, the other being
1116:
himself. Some Ottoman sources of the 17th century, most notably
1068:
853:
228:
yielded "Byzantine", with 15th and 16th century forms including
3123:
2806:. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. pp. 224–248.
1343:
1043:
was used in Western languages to refer to the central city, as
799:
656:
596:
289:
99:
2576:. Translated by Jerold C. Frakes. Routledge. pp. 199–209.
2046:
Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930…
367:) for a brief period in the 3rd century AD. The Roman Emperor
2450:"Washington Accepts "Istanbul" As Replacing "Constantinople""
1562:
Names of European cities in different languages: I-L § I
764:
531:
514:
414:
408:
402:
392:
107:
1767:. Paris: Institut Français d'Études Byzantines. p. 10f.
335:
195:
4629:
2819:
1529:
1447:
1322:
826:
to break up syllabic consonant clusters, prohibited by the
822:
in these names, including Istanbul's, is largely secondary
85:
2493:
The First Turkish Republic: A case in national development
983:"Stamboul" redirects here. For the 1931 British film, see
964:
745:) and then in Ottoman sources. It probably comes from the
301:), and relating to the coin, dates from the 12th century.
2540:
Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923
2422:""ISTANBUL": The Correct Way of Writing Constantinople".
2166:
Demetrius John Georgacas, "The Names of Constantinople",
1822:
1780:
811:
2773:. Paris, France: La Lettre Sépharade. pp. 196, 307.
2203:
Bourne, Edward G. (1887). "The Derivation of Stamboul".
1295:'wall' or 'stronghold') as seen in the Icelandic sagas.
651:) is the name by which the city came to be known in the
160:
for the people of the city and as a family name. In the
347:'kingdom of the Romans'), had ceased to exist.
2099:
1320:'City of the Tsar (Emperor)', from the Slavonic words
1250:
2403:"Topics of the Times: The Passing of Constantinople"
1566:
Most modern Western languages have adopted the name
904:
of the city, and the Ottoman Turkish version of the
2798:(1997). "Istanbul". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.;
2642:. American University in Cairo Press. p. 62.
563:A map of the city from a 17th century copy of the
2593:. Series in Philosophy. Vernon Press. p. 7.
2479:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vol II,
2368:""STAMBOUL..": CONSTANTINOPLE AND ITS NEW NAME".
2265:
2202:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1200:"Threshold"), referring to the imperial court, a
4870:
1128:still appeared, however, into the 20th century.
437:is also still part of the official title of the
2477:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
2321:Devleti Osmaniyenin payıtahtı İstanbul şehridir
1776:
1774:
31:
2574:The Routledge Introduction to Literary Ottoman
1831:. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 347–67.
1809:
1789:. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 347–67.
1575:in Modern Greek) or simply "The City" (η Πόλη
2835:
1414:remained the far more widely preferred term.
1384:
1076:, which was struck in his fifth regnal year (
637:
619:
600:
387:made the city the new eastern capital of the
293:. The English usage, derived from Old French
2332:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
1771:
1417:
1342:: Царьград, Цариград. This was presumably a
876:, were preferred in certain contexts. Thus,
2636:Ashour, Radwa (2010). Mehrez, Samia (ed.).
1913:Kazhdan, Alexander P. (1991). "Byzantium".
1671:(ultimately borrowed from Greek), although
1097:
1072:"Islambol" on an Ottoman coin belonging to
1052:to refer to the metropolis as a whole, but
220:) denoted an inhabitant of the empire. The
2842:
2828:
2196:
1651:pronounced /s/ in the Hungarian language.
308:became common in the West to refer to the
263:were applied from the 9th century to gold
136:) referred to Byzantion's inhabitants and
3830:Museum of Science and Technology in Islam
2764:
2762:
2750:
2744:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2391:. No. 45369. 1929-11-25. p. 12.
2153:An alternative derivation, directly from
2051:
1346:on a Greek phrase such as Βασιλέως Πόλις
1033:consonant cluster, prohibited in Turkish
2725:
2719:
1461:('Great City of the Romans') or Persian
1067:
852:
588:Constantinople during the Ottoman period
558:
504:
443:
2794:
2385:"Telegraphic Name For Constantinople".
2105:
1912:
1755:
1753:
1398:) this Slavic name is used in the form
4871:
4430:Istanbul International Puppet Festival
3929:Yalı (Ottoman-era waterfront mansions)
2768:
2759:
2755:. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Ladino Books.
2635:
2586:
2571:
2556:
2537:
2475:Stanford and Ezel Shaw (27 May 1977):
2268:Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries
2126:
2124:
1967:Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum
1298:
1131:
98:) was founded by Greek colonists from
2823:
2520:
2518:
2508:writes that the Greek calls the city
2080:, 9781438110257. Start and CITED: p.
1759:
1579:). Languages that use forms based on
987:. For the now-defunct newspaper, see
750:
720:
573:refers to the city as Kostantiniyye (
4364:Hagia Sophia Hurrem Sultan Bathhouse
2729:Dicționar universal al limbei române
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1925:10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001
1750:
1223:
1196:
1180:
1168:
1145:
1093:
952:
947:began using "Istanbul" in May 1930.
759:as a single word; a similar case is
730:
156:) was an adjective, also used as an
2934:Church of Saint Mary of the Mongols
2246:
2121:
1555:
1485:) and more often as its short form
1354:, whereas it has become archaic in
1251:Historical names in other languages
1204:-origin word spelled in English as
638:
620:
601:
350:
106:. Ancient Greek legend refers to a
13:
2515:
2237:
2215:The Johns Hopkins University Press
2066:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
1916:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1482:
1312:languages referred to the city as
1009:itself, forms without the initial
971:being two distinct letters in the
495:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
14:
4915:
2432:"MISCELLANY: The Name-Changers".
2118:Sakip Sabanci Museum, 2010 p. 262
1998:The 5th-century church historian
1941:
1468:
1184:"Abode of Felicity" or "Abode of
900:and the highest civil magistrate
818:). The occurrence of the initial
452:
4851:
4850:
4838:
3466:Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque
2310:(Modern Turkish transliteration)
2252:A.C. Barbier de Meynard (1881):
1591:(though the alternative form of
1025:arose in the Turkish name as an
689:
680:
581:
316:was introduced by the historian
45:the first name of Byzantium was
4652:Getronagan Armenian High School
3625:Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
3162:Fountain of Ahmed III (Üsküdar)
2789:
2777:
2695:
2683:
2629:
2614:
2580:
2531:
2498:
2469:
2442:
2415:
2395:
2378:
2361:
2326:
2259:
2184:
2160:
2147:
2132:Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
2111:
2034:
2020:
2009:
1992:
1959:
1446:('Emperor'), as in Persian and
4770:Ulus Ashkenazi Jewish Cemetery
4513:Lütfi Kırdar Exhibition Center
4498:Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre
3590:Museum of the Princes' Islands
2771:Dictionnaire du Judéo-Espagnol
2143:10.4467/20843836SE.15.015.2801
1906:
1881:
1866:
1851:
1728:
1442:used names based on the title
1:
4765:Ulus Sephardi Jewish Cemetery
4682:Şişli Greek Orthodox Cemetery
4606:Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital
3724:Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar Museum
3301:Phanar Greek Orthodox College
2206:American Journal of Philology
1722:
1713:Istanbul (Not Constantinople)
1687:preserves the old Norse name
1544:. The inhabitants are called
1077:
892:. At the same time, however,
806:from "se" and "Amisos"), and
3820:Museum of Heating Appliances
3739:Museum of Whirling Dervishes
3585:Museum of the Ancient Orient
3550:Istanbul Archaeology Museums
2987:Bulgarian St. Stephen Church
2849:
2491:; Robinson, Richard (1963),
2044:, (Basic Books, 2005), 57; "
1266:
906:Ottoman constitution of 1876
336:
196:
86:
56:
32:Names in historical sequence
7:
4538:Ülker Sports and Event Hall
3800:Florence Nightingale Museum
3754:Sait Faik Abasıyanık Museum
3704:Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar Museum
3002:Church of St. Mary Draperis
2732:(in Romanian) (VI ed.)
2587:Shaker, Anthony F. (2021).
2333:Ybarra, T.R. (1929-12-15).
2272:Oxford University Press USA
2254:Dictionnaire Turc-Français.
1919:. Oxford University Press.
1705:
1473:The city is referred to as
1434:and other languages of the
1063:
978:
671:
439:Patriarch of Constantinople
378:
108:legendary king of that name
10:
4920:
4657:Pangaltı Mkhitaryan School
4584:Pangaltı Armenian Cemetery
4579:Pangaltı Catholic Cemetery
3810:Kandilli Earthquake Museum
3630:Turkish Calligraphy Museum
2192:Pylos#The Name of Navarino
2000:Socrates of Constantinople
1873:"Byzantian, adj. and n.".
1858:"Byzantine, adj. and n.".
1559:
1465:('Throne of the Romans').
1302:
1017:, based on the Greek word
982:
585:
532:
515:
456:
415:
409:
403:
393:
325:
267:, reflected in the French
209:
185:
145:
125:
75:
60:
4894:Names of places in Turkey
4832:
4782:Balat Or-Ahayim Hastanesi
4750:
4667:
4564:
4555:
4468:
4405:
4392:
4339:
4201:
4149:
4111:
4078:
4069:
4016:
3919:
3881:
3872:
3790:
3762:
3689:
3643:
3515:
3506:
3479:
3451:
3398:
3355:
3337:
3328:
3256:
3208:
3185:
3147:
3084:
3051:
3023:
3014:
2977:
2919:
2866:
2857:
2751:Jerusalmi, Isaac (1990).
2542:. New York: Basic Books.
2538:Finkel, Caroline (2005).
2512:. Necipoĝlu (2010) p. 262
2438:. 1929-11-16. p. 11.
2428:. 1929-11-15. p. 11.
2411:. 1929-11-15. p. 19.
2374:. 1929-11-24. p. 12.
1890:Oxford English Dictionary
1875:Oxford English Dictionary
1860:Oxford English Dictionary
1736:"PLINY'S NATURAL HISTORY"
1680:
1490:
1457:('Romans'), as in Arabic
1418:Persian, Urdu, and Arabic
1157:referring to the gate of
755:, meaning "in the city",
383:Before the Roman emperor
364:
3525:Art and Sculpture Museum
2726:Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929).
2572:Buğday, Korkut (2009) .
2084:. "Originally, the name
1765:Constantinople byzantine
1453:, or on the ethnic name
712:The modern Turkish name
550:Western Armenian dialect
421:Roma Constantinopolitana
397:"the New, second Rome",
36:
4904:Alternative place names
4889:Names of places in Asia
4589:Şişli Armenian Cemetery
4455:Istanbul Tulip Festival
4445:Istanbul Music Festival
4241:Bet Yaakov (Heybeliada)
3815:Museum of Culinary Arts
3671:Walls of Constantinople
3635:Women's Museum İstanbul
3076:Cistern of the Hebdomon
3071:Cistern of 1001 Columns
2769:Nehama, Joseph (2003).
2435:The Manchester Guardian
2425:The Manchester Guardian
1989:(London 1968), p. 133).
1888:"bezant | byzant, n.".
1611:. The Albanian form is
4706:Istanbul Greek dialect
4694:Balıklı Greek Hospital
4450:Istanbul Shopping Fest
4435:Istanbul Jazz Festival
4425:Istanbul Film Festival
4246:Bet Yaakov (Kuzguncuk)
4051:Polonezköy Nature Park
3964:Ibrahim Pasha Pavilion
3835:Natural History Museum
3719:Florya Atatürk Mansion
3699:Adam Mickiewicz Museum
3471:Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque
3223:Dolmabahçe Clock Tower
3172:Sultan Mahmut Fountain
2997:Church of Saint Benoit
2964:St. George’s Cathedral
2804:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2004:Historia Ecclesiastica
1695:is generally used. In
1385:
1084:
1029:vowel to break up the
858:
578:
449:
217:
153:
133:
95:
4884:City name etymologies
3959:Hatice Sultan Mansion
3874:Palaces and pavilions
3555:Istanbul Contemporary
3347:Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque
3243:Nusretiye Clock Tower
3157:Fountain of Ahmed III
3129:Obelisk of Theodosius
3099:Column of Constantine
2876:Armenian Patriarchate
2620:Khuri-Makdis, Ilham.
2526:Encyclopedia of Islam
2256:Paris: Ernest Leroux.
2181:, p. 360, footnote 80
1560:Further information:
1514:la civdad de Estambol
1310:East and South Slavic
1303:Further information:
1172:"Abode of the State")
1071:
1001:is a variant form of
945:U.S. State Department
915:T. R. Ybarra of
856:
834:, as seen in Turkish
810:for the Greek island
741:(without the initial
586:Further information:
562:
505:Other Byzantine names
499:politically incorrect
476:Constantine the Great
466:(Κωνσταντινούπολις),
457:Further information:
447:
385:Constantine the Great
337:Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn
61:Further information:
4493:Bostancı Show Center
4031:Büyükada Nature Park
3994:Sadberk Hanım Museum
3934:Aynalıkavak Pavilion
3845:Museum of Psychiatry
3615:Sakıp Sabancı Museum
3610:Sadberk Hanım Museum
3200:Rüstem Pasha Medrese
2959:Pammakaristos Church
2487:, 9780521291668. p.
2430:, also mentioned in
2190:Detailed history at
1396:West Slavic language
355:The city was called
326:Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων
310:Eastern Roman Empire
174:eastern Roman Empire
126:Βυζάντιος, Βυζάντιοι
4899:History of Istanbul
4528:Süreyya Opera House
4098:Karaköy Fish Market
3949:Esma Sultan Mansion
3939:Adile Sultan Palace
3850:Rahmi M. Koç Museum
3734:Museum of Innocence
3595:Ottoman Bank Museum
3565:İstanbul Toy Museum
3119:Forum of Theodosius
3114:Column of the Goths
2992:Church of St. Padua
2954:Little Hagia Sophia
2070:Infobase Publishing
1746:on January 1, 2017.
1440:Indian subcontinent
1299:Slavic and Romanian
1132:Other Ottoman names
902:(İstanbul efendisi)
752:[stimˈboli]
749:phrase "στὴν Πόλι"
722:[isˈtanbuɫ]
394:ἡ Νέα, δευτέρα Ῥώμη
4818:Ulus Jewish school
4601:Surp Agop Hospital
4415:Feast of Sacrifice
4369:Mahmut Pasha Hamam
4359:Çemberlitaş Hamamı
4164:Abdi İpekçi Street
4004:Vahdettin Pavilion
3805:ITU Science Center
3749:Pierre Loti Museum
3744:Orhan Kemal Museum
3545:Galatasaray Museum
3443:Süleymaniye Mosque
3408:Atik Valide Mosque
3316:Tayyare Apartments
3266:Aqueduct of Valens
3248:Yıldız Clock Tower
3094:Column of Arcadius
2455:The New York Times
2340:The New York Times
2315:2017-07-19 at the
2305:2017-02-01 at the
2040:Finkel, Caroline,
1987:The climax of Rome
1691:, though the form
1481:(an alteration of
1085:
940:The New York Times
918:The New York Times
859:
706:(Istanbul Strait).
655:. It is an Arabic
579:
575:Walters Art Museum
516:Βασιλὶς τῶν πόλεων
491:Republic of Turkey
450:
4866:
4865:
4845:Turkey portal
4828:
4827:
4740:Zografeion Lyceum
4551:
4550:
4488:BJK Akatlar Arena
4440:Istanbul Marathon
4420:Istanbul Biennial
4384:Vezneciler Hamamı
4374:Süleymaniye Hamam
4197:
4196:
4012:
4011:
3944:Cantemir Pavilion
3901:Dolmabahçe Palace
3891:Beylerbeyi Palace
3868:
3867:
3729:İsmet İnönü House
3676:Yedikule Fortress
3540:Fenerbahçe Museum
3502:
3501:
3370:Dolmabahçe Mosque
3365:Altunizade Mosque
3324:
3323:
3311:Soğukçeşme Sokağı
3296:Pera Palace Hotel
3276:Divanyolu Caddesi
3228:Etfal Clock Tower
3109:Column of Marcian
3010:
3009:
2639:A Piece of Europe
2600:978-1-64889-091-8
2549:978-0-465-02396-7
2300:(Ottoman Turkish)
2137:: 221–245 (2015)
1985:, Michael Grant,
1965:According to the
1934:978-0-19-504652-6
1740:www.masseiana.org
1647:with the digraph
1459:Rūmiyyat al-kubra
1348:(Basileos Polis),
950:Names other than
647:
629:
610:
464:Kōnstantinoúpolis
369:Septimius Severus
365:Αυγούστα Αντωνινή
346:
334:
265:Byzantine coinage
194:
84:
4911:
4854:
4853:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4618:Western Armenian
4562:
4561:
4403:
4402:
4349:Bayezid II Hamam
4076:
4075:
4056:Taksim Gezi Park
3979:Küçüksu Pavilion
3974:Khedive's Palace
3969:Ihlamur Pavilion
3879:
3878:
3605:Rezan Has Museum
3513:
3512:
3489:Sancaklar Mosque
3390:Teşvikiye Mosque
3375:Nusretiye Mosque
3335:
3334:
3306:Prison of Anemas
3195:Caferağa Medrese
3177:Tophane Fountain
3066:Şerefiye Cistern
3061:Basilica Cistern
3033:Büyük Valide Han
3021:
3020:
2864:
2863:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2784:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2668:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2633:
2627:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2569:
2554:
2553:
2535:
2529:
2522:
2513:
2502:
2496:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2365:
2359:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2330:
2324:
2293:
2263:
2257:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2173::347–367 (1947)
2164:
2158:
2151:
2145:
2128:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2062:
2049:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2013:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1979:Constantinopolis
1963:
1957:
1954:
1939:
1938:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1742:. Archived from
1732:
1682:
1556:Modern languages
1492:
1388:
1239:, and were used
1226:
1225:
1199:
1198:
1183:
1182:
1171:
1170:
1148:
1147:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1082:
1079:
973:Turkish alphabet
955:
954:
898:(İstanbul ağası)
754:
732:
724:
719:
693:
684:
665:Ottoman conquest
643:
641:
640:
625:
623:
622:
606:
604:
603:
535:
534:
518:
517:
468:Constantinopolis
419:"Eastern Rome",
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
405:
396:
395:
366:
357:Augusta Antonina
351:Augusta Antonina
341:
339:
329:
327:
304:Later, the name
211:
199:
197:Byzántion krátos
189:
187:
186:Βυζάντιον κράτος
147:
127:
89:
79:
77:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4839:
4837:
4824:
4746:
4663:
4547:
4533:Kuruçeşme Arena
4503:Cemal Reşit Rey
4464:
4388:
4379:Tahtakale Hamam
4354:Cağaloğlu Hamam
4341:Hammams (baths)
4335:
4266:Hesed Le Avraam
4193:
4174:İstiklal Avenue
4145:
4107:
4065:
4008:
3989:Maslak Pavilion
3915:
3864:
3825:Museum of Media
3786:
3777:Military Museum
3772:Aviation Museum
3758:
3685:
3639:
3620:SantralIstanbul
3560:İstanbul Modern
3530:Doğançay Museum
3498:
3475:
3447:
3418:Selimiye Mosque
3394:
3351:
3320:
3291:Mısır Apartment
3252:
3204:
3181:
3167:German Fountain
3143:
3080:
3047:
3006:
2973:
2915:
2853:
2848:
2814:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2767:
2760:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2720:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2672:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2634:
2630:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2585:
2581:
2570:
2557:
2550:
2536:
2532:
2524:"Istanbul", in
2523:
2516:
2504:Arab historian
2503:
2499:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2431:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2345:
2343:
2331:
2327:
2317:Wayback Machine
2307:Wayback Machine
2290:
2264:
2260:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2165:
2161:
2152:
2148:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2072:, 21 May 2010.
2063:
2052:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2010:
1997:
1993:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1942:
1935:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1821:
1810:
1779:
1772:
1758:
1751:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1708:
1573:Konstantinupoli
1564:
1558:
1471:
1436:Iranian Plateau
1420:
1307:
1301:
1269:
1253:
1231:of the Throne")
1134:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1080:
1066:
992:
985:Stamboul (film)
981:
846:from the Greek
727:Ottoman Turkish
717:
710:
709:
708:
707:
704:İstanbul Boğazı
696:
695:
694:
686:
685:
674:
634:Ottoman Turkish
590:
584:
570:Kitab-ı Bahriye
507:
461:
455:
381:
353:
318:Hieronymus Wolf
65:
59:
43:Pliny the Elder
39:
34:
12:
11:
5:
4917:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4879:Constantinople
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4848:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4735:Phanar College
4732:
4730:Halki seminary
4722:
4721:
4720:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4673:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4570:
4568:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4460:Sugar Festival
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4400:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
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4084:
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4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
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4038:
4033:
4028:
4026:Belgrad Forest
4022:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
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3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3906:Topkapı Palace
3903:
3898:
3896:Çırağan Palace
3893:
3887:
3885:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3860:Zoology Museum
3857:
3855:Railway Museum
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
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3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
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3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3714:Atatürk Museum
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
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3592:
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3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
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3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3494:Şakirin Mosque
3491:
3485:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3433:Çamlıca Mosque
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3413:Bayezid Mosque
3410:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3385:Ortaköy Mosque
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3238:Maiden's Tower
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
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3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3139:Walled Obelisk
3136:
3134:Serpent Column
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3038:Büyük Yeni Han
3035:
3029:
3027:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2975:
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2972:
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2969:Zoodochus Pege
2966:
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2956:
2951:
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2941:
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2925:
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2870:
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2855:
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2812:
2796:İnalcık, Halil
2791:
2788:
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2785:
2776:
2758:
2743:
2718:
2694:
2682:
2648:
2628:
2613:
2599:
2579:
2555:
2548:
2530:
2514:
2497:
2468:
2441:
2414:
2408:New York Times
2394:
2377:
2360:
2325:
2319:, Article 2: "
2288:
2258:
2245:
2236:
2223:10.2307/287478
2195:
2183:
2159:
2155:Constantinople
2146:
2120:
2110:
2108:, p. 224.
2098:
2050:
2033:
2019:
2008:
2002:writes in his
1991:
1958:
1940:
1933:
1905:
1898:
1892:. OED Online.
1880:
1865:
1850:
1837:10.2307/283503
1808:
1795:10.2307/283503
1770:
1761:Janin, Raymond
1749:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1707:
1704:
1669:Gostantnubolis
1665:Kostandnupolis
1635:instead of an
1557:
1554:
1538:the other side
1499:Judaeo-Spanish
1470:
1469:Judaeo-Spanish
1467:
1451:Kayser-i Zemin
1424:Kustantiniyyah
1419:
1416:
1412:Constantinopol
1300:
1297:
1268:
1265:
1257:Constantinople
1252:
1249:
1237:Topkapı Palace
1233:
1232:
1212:
1189:
1173:
1161:
1159:Topkapı Palace
1133:
1130:
1081: 1793/94
1065:
1062:
1050:Constantinople
980:
977:
890:Constantinople
698:
697:
688:
687:
679:
678:
677:
676:
675:
673:
670:
661:Constantinople
583:
580:
511:Constantinople
506:
503:
487:Ottoman Empire
472:Constantinople
459:Constantinople
454:
453:Constantinople
451:
410:Βυζαντιάς Ῥώμη
380:
377:
352:
349:
322:Medieval Greek
279:, and English
206:Medieval Greek
182:Medieval Greek
58:
55:
38:
35:
33:
30:
26:Constantinople
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
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4284:
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4281:Jewish Museum
4279:
4277:
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4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
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4209:
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4200:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Taksim Square
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:Bağdat Avenue
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
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4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
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4118:
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4110:
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4099:
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4089:
4088:Arasta Bazaar
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
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4027:
4024:
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4021:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Feriye Palace
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3911:Yıldız Palace
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:Postal Museum
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
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3803:
3801:
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3778:
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3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Aşiyan Museum
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
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3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:Anadoluhisarı
3649:
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3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
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3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:Mosaic Museum
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:İşbank Museum
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
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3548:
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3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3380:Laleli Mosque
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
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3333:
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3327:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Galata Bridge
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
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3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
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3218:Beyazıt Tower
3216:
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3211:
3207:
3201:
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3196:
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3130:
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3122:
3120:
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3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Column of Leo
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3025:Caravanserais
3022:
3019:
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3013:
3003:
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2813:9789004057456
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2356:SALT Research
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2336:
2329:
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2042:Osman's Dream
2037:
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2017:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1995:
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1984:
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1926:
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1899:9780198611868
1895:
1891:
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1877:. OED Online.
1876:
1869:
1862:. OED Online.
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1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:The medieval
1264:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1241:metonymically
1238:
1230:
1220:
1217:or sometimes
1216:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1177:
1176:Der-i Saʿādet
1174:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:Sublime Porte
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1127:
1126:Kostantiniyye
1123:
1119:
1118:Evliya Çelebi
1115:
1107:full of Islam
1090:
1075:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
990:
986:
976:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
948:
946:
942:
941:
936:
935:
930:
926:
925:
920:
919:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:Kostantiniyye
879:
878:Kostantiniyye
875:
874:Kostantiniyye
871:
867:
863:
855:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
830:structure of
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
771:(see above).
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:reinterpreted
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
728:
723:
715:
705:
701:
692:
683:
669:
666:
663:. After the
662:
658:
654:
653:Islamic world
650:
646:
635:
632:
631:Qosṭanṭanīye,
628:
617:
613:
612:Qusṭanṭinīyya
609:
598:
594:
593:Kostantiniyye
589:
582:Kostantiniyye
576:
572:
571:
566:
561:
557:
556:(see below).
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
529:
526:
522:
512:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
480:Theodosius II
477:
473:
470:in Latin and
469:
465:
460:
446:
442:
440:
436:
432:
427:
424:
422:
400:
390:
386:
376:
374:
370:
362:
358:
348:
344:
338:
332:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
291:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:Anglicization
219:
215:
207:
203:
198:
192:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
142:Ancient Greek
139:
135:
131:
123:
122:Ancient Greek
119:
115:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
82:
73:
72:Ancient Greek
69:
64:
54:
52:
48:
44:
41:According to
29:
27:
23:
19:
4855:
4836:
4718:Apoyevmatini
4518:Naum Theatre
4316:Ohel Ya'akov
4179:Çiçek Pasajı
4141:Zorlu Center
4131:İstinye Park
4103:Spice Bazaar
4093:Grand Bazaar
4041:Gülhane Park
4036:Emirgan Park
3782:Naval Museum
3681:Yoros Castle
3666:Rumelihisarı
3233:Galata Tower
2949:Hagia Triada
2944:Hagia Sophia
2929:Chora Church
2803:
2800:Phellat, Ch.
2793:
2790:Bibliography
2779:
2770:
2752:
2746:
2734:. Retrieved
2728:
2721:
2710:. Retrieved
2706:
2697:
2690:tr:Bâb-ı Âli
2685:
2655:21 September
2653:. Retrieved
2638:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2606:21 September
2604:. Retrieved
2589:
2582:
2573:
2539:
2533:
2525:
2509:
2500:
2492:
2476:
2471:
2460:. Retrieved
2458:. 1930-05-28
2453:
2444:
2433:
2423:
2417:
2406:
2397:
2386:
2380:
2371:The Observer
2369:
2363:
2344:. Retrieved
2338:
2328:
2320:
2267:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2239:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2186:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2149:
2134:
2131:
2113:
2106:İnalcık 1997
2101:
2089:
2085:
2065:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2022:
2011:
2003:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1915:
1908:
1889:
1883:
1874:
1868:
1859:
1853:
1828:
1824:
1786:
1782:
1764:
1744:the original
1739:
1730:
1717:novelty song
1699:
1692:
1688:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1592:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1534:el otro lado
1533:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1493:) or
1486:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1423:
1421:
1411:
1407:
1406:in the form
1399:
1383:
1347:
1335:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:), used the
1270:
1254:
1234:
1227:, "The Seat/
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1191:
1175:
1164:Der-i Devlet
1163:
1140:
1135:
1125:
1088:
1086:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1035:phonotactics
1030:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
993:
962:
957:
949:
938:
932:
924:The Observer
922:
916:
914:
909:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
861:
860:
847:
843:
839:
838:from French
835:
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
783:
775:
773:
768:
742:
713:
711:
703:
660:
649:Ḳosṭanṭīnīye
648:
630:
611:
592:
591:
577:collection).
568:
553:
541:
538:Modern Greek
524:
520:
510:
508:
494:
484:
471:
467:
463:
462:
434:
431:Great Schism
428:
425:
420:
398:
389:Roman Empire
382:
356:
354:
313:
305:
303:
298:
294:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
260:
256:
254:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
201:
165:
137:
117:
113:
112:
103:
67:
66:
46:
40:
16:The city of
15:
4508:Hagia Irene
4311:Neve Shalom
4296:Kemerburgaz
4256:Caddebostan
4061:Yıldız Park
3999:Tiled Kiosk
3984:Malta Kiosk
3661:Riva Castle
3600:Pera Museum
3461:Arap Mosque
3428:Blue Mosque
3423:Eyüp Sultan
3339:Art Nouveau
2939:Hagia Irene
2673:|work=
2274:. pp.
1689:Mikligarður
1536:(literally
1463:Takht-e Rum
1372:Montenegrin
1124:. The term
989:Le Stamboul
969:dotless ı/I
866:walled city
828:phonotactic
794:from Greek
786:from Greek
700:Cedid Atlas
275:), Italian
244:as well as
238:Bezantin(e)
234:Bizantin(e)
168:was also a
162:Middle Ages
4873:Categories
4801:Newspapers
4760:Cemeteries
4713:Newspapers
4677:Cemeteries
4625:Newspapers
4574:Cemeteries
4557:Minorities
4261:Haydarpaşa
4236:Bet Nissim
4231:Bet Israel
4226:Bet Avraam
4203:Synagogues
4046:Maçka Park
3656:Edirnekapı
3438:New Mosque
3286:Hippodrome
3258:Miscellany
3043:Kürkçü Han
2712:2022-03-10
2703:"Málið.is"
2485:0521291666
2462:2020-04-01
2346:2020-04-01
2078:1438110251
1723:References
1715:", a 1953
1645:Isztambul,
1631:, with an
1625:Portuguese
1601:Lithuanian
1550:Estambullí
1528:, meaning
1479:Kostantina
1475:Kostandina
1360:Macedonian
1338:('city').
1291:'big' and
1285:Mikligarðr
1277:Varangians
1186:Eudaimonia
1141:Bāb-i ʿĀlī
1027:epenthetic
965:dotted i/İ
824:epenthesis
782:, earlier
718:pronounced
528:/iˈpo.lis/
261:Byzantinus
226:Byzantinus
218:Byzantinus
210:Βυζαντινός
202:Byzantinós
170:synecdoche
114:Byzántios,
51:Sarayburnu
4789:Languages
4777:Hospitals
4689:Hospitals
4596:Hospitals
4566:Armenians
4543:Zorlu PSM
4523:Ora Arena
4407:Festivals
4394:Festivals
4286:Kal Kados
4251:Burgazada
4216:Ashkenazi
4159:Nişantaşı
4151:Districts
3921:Pavilions
3575:Miniatürk
3481:Modernist
3400:Classical
3271:Çukurcuma
3149:Fountains
3016:Monuments
2901:Kuzguncuk
2675:ignored (
2665:cite book
2510:Stanbulin
2506:Al Masudi
2388:The Times
2217:: 78–82.
1975:Nea Rhome
1971:Nova Roma
1685:Icelandic
1641:Hungarian
1546:Estambulí
1508:The word
1410:, though
1352:Bulgarian
1318:Carigrad,
1314:Tsarigrad
1281:Old Norse
1267:Old Norse
1245:Whitehall
1114:Mehmed II
1087:The name
1074:Selim III
1003:İstanbul.
934:The Times
816:is tin Ko
788:Nicomedia
784:İznikmit,
645:translit.
639:قسطنطينيه
627:translit.
608:translit.
565:Piri Reis
546:/i ˈpoli/
544:, η Πόλη
404:Ἄλμα Ῥώμα
399:Alma Roma
373:Caracalla
331:romanized
314:Byzantium
306:Byzantium
257:Byzantius
255:The name
250:Bizantian
246:Byzantian
224:of Latin
191:romanized
166:Byzántion
154:Byzantius
146:Βυζάντιος
138:Byzántios
134:Byzantius
118:Byzántioi
96:Byzantium
87:Byzántion
81:romanized
76:Βυζάντιον
68:Byzantion
63:Byzantium
57:Byzantium
22:Byzantium
4857:Category
4701:Language
4613:Language
4221:Bakırköy
4121:Akmerkez
4071:Shopping
3764:Military
3187:Madrasas
3053:Cisterns
2868:Armenian
2859:Churches
2851:Istanbul
2802:(eds.).
2736:10 April
2707:malid.is
2495:, p. 298
2313:Archived
2303:Archived
2090:Stamboul
2086:Istanbul
1763:(1964).
1706:See also
1700:Carigrad
1693:Istanbúl
1681:Ստամբուլ
1677:Armenian
1653:Armenian
1643:form is
1629:Istambul
1627:form is
1621:Estambul
1619:form is
1613:Stamboll
1609:Albanian
1605:Georgian
1593:Istambuł
1583:include
1581:Stamboul
1568:Istanbul
1542:Estambol
1522:Anatolia
1510:Estambol
1503:Estambol
1497:in most
1422:Besides
1408:Țarigrad
1404:Romanian
1400:Cařihrad
1386:Carigrad
1368:Croatian
1340:Cyrillic
1305:Tsargrad
1219:Pāyitaḫt
1215:Pāy-taḫt
1181:در سعادت
1146:باب عالی
1122:Mahmud I
1094:اسلامبول
1089:Islambol
1064:Islambol
1054:Stamboul
1045:Istanbul
1041:Stamboul
1007:Istanbul
995:Stamboul
979:Stamboul
958:İstanbul
953:استانبول
910:İstanbul
894:İstanbul
870:İstanbul
862:İstanbul
836:istasyon
808:İstanköy
804:s'Amison
769:The City
761:Stimboli
735:Armenian
731:استانبول
714:İstanbul
672:Istanbul
621:قسطنطنیه
602:قسطنطنية
554:Istanbul
525:hē Polis
523:(Greek:
521:the City
509:Besides
435:New Rome
416:ἑῴα Ῥώμη
379:New Rome
242:Bysantin
230:Byzantin
178:ellipsis
172:for the
158:ethnonym
116:plural.
18:Istanbul
4813:Schools
4725:Schools
4647:Schools
4640:Marmara
4635:Jamanak
4483:Babylon
4331:Yeniköy
4321:Ortaköy
4291:Karaite
4276:Italian
4271:Istipol
4126:Cevahir
4080:Bazaars
3883:Palaces
3792:Science
3691:History
3644:Castles
3508:Museums
3357:Baroque
3330:Mosques
3086:Columns
2906:Samatya
2881:Beyoğlu
2692:BabiAli
2353:Also at
2294:- Page
1697:Slovene
1673:Stambul
1617:Spanish
1597:Latvian
1585:Russian
1520:, from
1428:Persian
1380:Slovene
1376:Serbian
1364:Bosnian
1356:Russian
1334:') and
1332:Emperor
1273:Vikings
1261:Baghdad
1224:پای تخت
1210:Asitana
1206:Asitane
1202:Persian
1192:Āsitāne
1169:در دولت
1155:metonym
1149:, "The
1101:
1019:Poli(n)
999:Stambul
929:Lloyd's
840:station
832:Turkish
616:Persian
533:ἡ Πόλις
401:
345:
333::
277:bisante
193::
83::
4794:Ladino
4669:Greeks
4470:Venues
4398:venues
4326:Yanbol
4301:Maalem
4211:Ahrida
4189:Kanyon
4136:Kanyon
3453:Gothic
3210:Towers
3124:Milion
2979:Others
2921:Greeks
2911:Taksim
2896:Kartal
2891:Galata
2810:
2646:
2597:
2546:
2483:
2286:
2231:287478
2229:
2179:283503
2177:
2076:
1981:(see,
1931:
1896:
1845:283503
1843:
1803:283503
1801:
1639:; the
1623:; the
1615:; the
1589:Polish
1577:i Poli
1518:Anatol
1495:Kostán
1487:Kushta
1432:Arabic
1358:, and
1344:calque
1330:' or '
1328:Caesar
1289:mikill
1287:(from
1197:آستانه
1153:"); a
848:schára
844:ızgara
814:(from
800:Samsun
796:Nicaea
739:Arabic
657:calque
597:Arabic
542:i Poli
299:besanz
290:bezant
285:byzant
281:besant
269:besant
240:, and
176:. (An
100:Megara
4806:Şalom
4306:Mayor
4113:Malls
4018:Parks
3535:Elgiz
2886:Fatih
2227:JSTOR
2213:(1).
2175:JSTOR
1841:JSTOR
1799:JSTOR
1661:Bolis
1657:Polis
1655:uses
1491:קושטה
1444:Cesar
1392:Czech
1362:. In
1293:garðr
1283:name
1058:walls
1015:Bulin
1005:Like
792:İznik
780:İzmit
765:Crete
747:Greek
567:book
361:Greek
297:(pl.
295:besan
287:, or
214:Latin
150:Latin
130:Latin
104:Byzas
92:Latin
47:Lygos
37:Lygos
4752:Jews
4630:Agos
4396:and
2808:ISBN
2738:2020
2677:help
2657:2020
2644:ISBN
2608:2020
2595:ISBN
2544:ISBN
2481:ISBN
2284:ISBN
2074:ISBN
1983:e.g.
1929:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1607:and
1530:Asia
1526:Asya
1524:and
1448:Urdu
1438:and
1378:and
1336:grad
1323:tsar
1229:Base
1098:lit.
967:and
798:(),
776:etc.
737:and
343:lit.
273:d'or
259:and
248:and
4478:AKM
3517:Art
2489:386
2296:341
2280:372
2276:321
2219:doi
2139:doi
2094:290
2082:286
1973:or
1921:doi
1833:doi
1791:doi
1548:or
1477:or
1455:Rum
1394:(a
1316:or
1208:or
1031:St-
997:or
975:).
842:or
812:Kos
725:) (
659:of
501:".
200:).
180:of
53:).
4875::
2761:^
2705:.
2669::
2667:}}
2663:{{
2558:^
2517:^
2452:.
2405:.
2351:-
2337:.
2282:.
2270:.
2225:.
2209:.
2171:78
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2123:^
2068:.
2053:^
2048:".
1943:^
1927:.
1839:.
1829:78
1827:.
1811:^
1797:.
1787:78
1785:.
1773:^
1752:^
1738:.
1679::
1649:sz
1603:,
1599:,
1587:,
1552:.
1430:,
1426:,
1382:,
1374:,
1370:,
1366:,
1326:('
1263:.
1188:")
1083:).
1078:c.
1060:.
1037:.
1023:i-
1011:i-
868:.
850:.
820:i-
790:,
763:,
743:İ-
729::
642:,
636::
624:,
618::
614:,
605:,
599::
540::
536:,
530:,
441:.
423:.
413:,
407:,
375:.
363::
340:,
328:,
324::
283:,
252:.
236:,
232:,
216::
212:,
208::
188:,
184::
164:,
152::
148:,
144::
132::
128:,
124::
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90:,
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2836:t
2829:v
2816:.
2740:.
2715:.
2679:)
2659:.
2610:.
2552:.
2528:.
2465:.
2358:.
2349:.
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2292:.
2278:-
2233:.
2221::
2211:8
2141::
2096:)
2030:.
1937:.
1923::
1902:.
1847:.
1835::
1805:.
1793::
1711:"
1675:(
1667:/
1659:/
1637:n
1633:m
1489:(
1221:(
1194:(
1178:(
1166:(
1143:(
1110:'
1104:'
1091:(
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956:(
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271:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.