227:
735:
424:
592:
2973:
2983:
416:, and the Javanese then drove Parameswara out of Palembang as a consequence of this defiance. Parameswara fled to Temasek, whereupon he assassinated the local ruler and usurped the throne. The change of name from Temasek to Singapura may therefore serve to strengthen his claim over the island. Others linked the name to the Javanese kingdom
381:, and he was informed that the beast must have been a lion. He decided to stay in Temasek and named the city he founded Singapura or "Lion City". However, scholars have pointed out that lions are not native to Singapore or South East Asia, and the "lion" therefore would have been an error in identification. The
387:
describes the beast seen by Sang Nila Utama as a powerful, fast-moving and fine-looking animal with a "red body, black head, and white breast", and size "slightly bigger than a goat." Some have suggested that the beast in question may have been a tiger or some other big cat, but others argued that
725:
its name had changed to
Singapura in the 14th century by Sang Nila Utama. Although the name was mentioned in Malay literature, the name Temasek had become obsolete and did not appear in European maps and documents from 1500 to 1800. In more modern times, this early name for Singapore has been
344:, said to be the founder of Singapura in the late 13th century who gave the city its name, also acquired a Sanskrit name Sri Tri Buana. The name Singapura and its related forms were fairly common in early South East Asia, with a few cities given the same name – the earliest one known is
403:
Many scholars, however, believe that the person Sang Nila Utama and the story of the founding of
Singapura to be fictional, and a number of alternative suggestions for the origin of the name of Singapore have been given. For example, it has been proposed that the name was adopted by
829:
is added before the name. The use of the term
Singapore however was inexact, and can refer to a number of geographical areas or entities. Up to the late 1700s, the name Singapura was more often used in relation to a strait rather than the island itself. The Portuguese general
442:, perhaps meaning a "wrong, tricky or challenging interruption or place to stay", and that it may have been named after a strait. Some modern scholars have proposed alternative readings of the name Singapura; for example, it has been suggested that the
388:
tigers are native to the region, which made it unlikely that Sang Nila Utama or his followers would not recognise a tiger to mistake it for a lion. It has also been suggested that the description of the beast in the
1359:(សិង្ហបុរី) from the word សិង្ហ meaning "lion" and បុរី meaning "city". The official name of the country is ស឵ធ឵រណៈរដ្ឋសិង្ហបុរី, literally "Republic of Singapore". The French word "Singapour" is commonly spoken.
3077:
462:
therefore may mean "gateway to the port of China". Although it is believed that the name
Singapura replaced Temasek some time in the 14th century, the origin of the name cannot be determined with certainty.
813:, showing the knowledge of Malay Peninsula before the actual arrival of the Portuguese in the region (its depiction is therefore relatively inaccurate compared to the rest of the map), give names such as
3117:
3097:
3155:
3122:
3132:
3127:
3112:
3102:
3082:
3072:
1776:
202:. A number of different names have been given to the settlement or the island of Singapore all through history, the earliest record may have been from the 2nd century AD. Possible mentions of
3092:
3087:
3067:
3137:
3107:
1331:. The one-character abbreviation for Singapore is 星, due to its historical name. Japan usually uses the Kanji script for other countries with official names in Chinese characters, i.e.
3394:
3062:
2585:
450:
meaning "stop over" indicating it was a stopover place. Yet another, based on names found in old maps, proposed that the name
Singapura may have came from the strait as
486:
The first possible written records of
Singapore possibly date to the 2nd century, when the island was identified as a trading post in the maps of the Greek astronomer,
3019:
198:
include the various historical appellations as well as contemporary names and nicknames in different languages used to describe the island, city or country of
3636:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3387:
3028:
1941:
1784:
3420:
1807:"The Singapore Straits in the Latter Middle Ages and Early Modern Period (c.13th to 17th Centuries). Facts, Fancy and Historiographical Challenges"
762:, a name that may also be used to refer to Johor or the lower part of the Malay Peninsula. Dutch maps of the 1600s and 1700s named the island as '
2448:
History of the Indian
Archipelago: Containing an account of the manners, arts, languages, religions, institutions, and commerce of its inhabitants
3532:
3415:
525:. Ninth century Arab sailors recorded a place called the island of Ma'it, which could be Singapore. Arab sources also refer to a place called
3427:
3573:
2314:
1749:
Tony O'Dempsey; Mark
Emmanuel; John van Wyhe; Nigel P. Taylor; Fiona L.P. Tan; Cynthia Chou; Goh Hong Yi; Corinne Heng (30 October 2014).
3337:
3012:
809:
The name
Singapura and its many variants were used from the 1500s onwards in Europeans sources. Early 16th century European maps such as
2155:
3540:
3160:
2938:
859:
458:
in the name may be from either Arabic or
Persian meaning "a large body of water" that may also be used to refer to a coastal kingdom.
340:
linguistic ancestor. Sanskrit was used as it was considered for a long period the prestigious international language of the region.
1723:
1269:(சிங்கை) is a poetic and abbreviated form of the city name that can act as a Tamil place-of-origin or place-of-residence-prefix to
438:
Early Portuguese sources from the 16th century do not indicate that the name meant "lion city", in fact they suggest that it meant
1587:
754:
Early European visitors to the region gave Singapore a number of different names. Portuguese and Spanish sources may use the name
2887:
1670:
1406:(賀州). There is also the transcription, 撑歌哺 Xinh Ca Bô, which was especially used in the newspaper Thanh Nghệ Tĩnh tân văn 清乂静新聞.
3005:
1332:
242:. Although lions are not native to Southeast Asia, they are nonetheless numerous polities with "lion city" names in the region.
2133:
854:, and many other variations to refer to island as well as the various straits or the southern portion of the Malay peninsula.
3546:
2413:
2386:
2343:
2299:
2272:
2238:
2211:
2184:
2116:
2084:
1978:
1888:
1863:
1760:
1654:
1622:
1544:
1479:
632:
before it is replaced by "Singapura" following Sang Nila Utama's arrival upon the island. Temasek may have been derived from
226:
3298:
2612:
2542:
210:
in Malay and Javanese literature. Sometime in the 14th century the name was changed to Singapura, which is now rendered as
2948:
1560:
1328:
1316:
3641:
2862:
1831:
1498:
1027:
3646:
3456:
3252:
3626:
3399:
2907:
924:
552:
1517:
3631:
3565:
907:
continued to appear for some time, Singapore would become the standard form in English in the 19th century.
1196:
899:
and other variants of Singapore were used in the 17th to 19th century, and although a few variants such as
2026:"Within and Beyond Academy: A Debate on Pulau Ujong amongst Jao Tsung-I, Hsu Yun-Tsiao and Tan Yeok Seong"
1945:
1262:
3592:
739:
3461:
3382:
3315:
3308:
3303:
1994:
477:
2520:
1922:
434:. The Portuguese had not yet arrived at the Malay Peninsula and its depiction is therefore inaccurate.
206:, the name for the island of Singapore, may be found in Chinese works, and it was also referred to as
3451:
2697:
2025:
273:
3471:
3466:
2943:
2629:
2605:
1291:
Nearly every language currently uses a name for Singapore derived from "Singapore" or "Singapura".
1039:
2452:
1999:
The Golden Khersonese: Studies in the Historical Geography of the Malay Peninsula before A.D. 1500
734:
3527:
3511:
3332:
2902:
2807:
2429:
1340:
1336:
408:
to show that he was reestablishing in Singapore the lion throne that he had originally set up in
3327:
2359:
1709:
795:
747:
2289:
2228:
2201:
2159:
2134:"Researches on Ptolemy's geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay archipelago)"
2106:
1644:
1612:
1534:
3432:
3359:
2912:
2403:
2376:
2333:
2262:
2074:
1968:
1853:
1750:
1469:
831:
2174:
1392:. Vietnamese has also used other Sino-Vietnamese names other for historical names including
1343:. This is not the case for Singapore despite having an official name in Chinese characters.
3503:
3364:
3354:
3349:
2857:
2822:
2777:
2002:
1748:
1089:
247:
803:
281:
8:
3344:
3293:
2927:
2747:
2742:
2637:
2598:
2470:
1519:
The Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature, 9:22
1367:
839:
810:
427:
337:
2446:
1727:
412:. In this version of events, the lion throne was set up as a challenge to the Javanese
3597:
3240:
3210:
3147:
3032:
2867:
2842:
2757:
2737:
2687:
2657:
2647:
2045:
1182:, literally "star," is used as a transcription for the first syllable of "Singapore."
1114:
1085:
1031:
405:
397:
2378:
The Singapore and Melaka Straits: Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th Century
2335:
The Singapore and Melaka Straits: Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th Century
1703:
1677:
1072:, the country's name is "Singapore" and its official name is "Republic of Singapore".
3322:
3185:
2982:
2953:
2832:
2827:
2707:
2409:
2382:
2339:
2295:
2268:
2234:
2207:
2180:
2112:
2080:
2049:
2006:
1974:
1884:
1859:
1756:
1650:
1618:
1540:
1475:
1299:
1237:
1081:
919:-speaking ethnic Chinese in early modern Singapore. In addition to the now standard
843:
835:
503:
377:, Singapura was named after a strange beast seen by Sang Nila Utama while hunting in
261:
3245:
3230:
3200:
3195:
2897:
2847:
2802:
2782:
2772:
2672:
2158:. Community Television Foundation of South Florida. 10 January 2006. Archived from
2037:
1147:
1096:
1069:
668:
413:
218:
is usually credited with naming the city, although its actual origin is uncertain.
114:
91:
61:
38:
2469:(叻) was used as shorthand for Singapore in terms such as the Hokkien name for the
2361:
Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste, Volume 37
636:, the Malay word for "lake" or "sea", perhaps meaning "Sea Town". In a version of
606:, showing Temasek (淡馬錫) at the top left, and Long Ya Men (龍牙門) on the right panel.
3443:
3225:
3205:
2872:
2787:
2767:
2652:
2642:
2264:
Iberians in the Singapore-Melaka Area and Adjacent Regions (16th to 18th Century)
1231:
791:
616:
499:
341:
215:
2997:
1162:
are retained as poetic or shorthand names for the island or country and include
1084:, the country's official name, "Republic of Singapore" is rendered as 新加坡共和国 in
1011:
420:
as well as a Majapahit Buddhist sect whose adherents were referred to as lions.
346:
3220:
3215:
3190:
2917:
2852:
2817:
2752:
2732:
2722:
2682:
2667:
2662:
1608:
1435:
1352:
1274:
1270:
1250:
1219:
1132:
710:
580:
253:
239:
169:
144:
2041:
1564:
1384:
535:(meaning "tin hill") of Singapore, or that it was sited at or near Singapore.
3620:
2976:
2958:
2877:
2837:
2812:
2792:
2727:
2702:
2692:
2677:
2070:
2010:
1701:
1465:
1202:
1123:
1030:
until the British repossessed the island on 12 September 1945, a month after
539:
423:
333:
2797:
2762:
2717:
2712:
2621:
1279:
656:
542:
383:
373:
359:
231:
121:
68:
1855:
The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India
591:
3519:
3495:
3485:
2986:
1200:(星洲日報), a newspaper that was published in Singapore until the 1980s, and
718:
699:
686:
660:
644:
that could be Temasik was mentioned in relation to the island kingdom of
595:
547:
531:
522:
351:
290:
203:
517:
It remains debated if a 3rd-century Chinese account of a locality named
3557:
1050:, where the characters 昭南 literally translate to "Light of the South".
787:
726:
revived for modern institutions and for national honours in Singapore.
637:
430:(1502) showing Singapore at the tip of the Malay Peninsula, written as
417:
790:
or Portmaster's house was marked on some early maps near the mouth of
2560:
969:
717:). Chinese records continued to use the name Temasik as seen in the
599:
454:, where "čin" is China and "gopara" is a "gate" in Sanskrit, and the
409:
211:
199:
1806:
1303:
603:
364:
355:
1382:
for "Republic of Singapore") but has used versions taken from the
846:
or other stretches of water, and maps of the 16th century may use
2494:
1155:
1105:
916:
799:
743:
611:
610:
Singapore is referred to in old Javanese and Malay literature as
487:
481:
378:
319:
207:
2036:(1). International Journal of Diasporic Chinese Studies: 47–76.
794:). Xabandaria along with other place names of Singapore such as
648:. Temasik may have also been mentioned in Vietnamese records as
2590:
2482:
1283:, a weekly newspaper published in Singapore from 1887 to 1890.
932:
838:
in fact claimed that Singapura was named after the strait. The
705:
676:
560:
602:, which is based on the early 15th century navigation maps of
294:
suffix is the linguistic ancestor of the Malay and Indonesian
16:
Various names and nicknames of various languages for Singapore
1536:
Namenforschung / Name Studies / Les noms propres. 1. Halbband
1522:. Adam and Charles Black, London, United Kingdom. p. 94.
1415:
1324:
1227:
887:
began to be commonly used on Dutch maps. In English sources,
842:
in the early period may refer to the southern portion of the
324:
285:
2543:"On the road to Syonan-to: How Singapore got swept into WW2"
1944:. National Institute of Education, Singapore. Archived from
1210:
for short), Singapore's largest Chinese-language newspaper.
624:
eulogy written in 1365, names a settlement on the island as
2506:
621:
149:
2104:
284:) means "city" in Sanskrit and is a common suffix in many
214:
in English. Singapura means "Lion City" in Sanskrit, and
1026:, or "southern island obtained in the age of Shōwa", and
354:
in the fifth century, others were found in Thailand (now
3395:
Countries by the number of recognized official languages
3063:
Countries by the number of recognized official languages
1908:. The Eastern Universities Press Singapore. p. 103.
545:
sent a mission to obtain elephants from a place called
2179:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 1–2.
1942:"Records of Ancient Links between India and Singapore"
1847:
1845:
1752:
Nature Contained: Environmental Histories of Singapore
1702:
Dr John Leyden and Sir Thomas Stamford Rffles (1821).
867:(tip of the Malay Peninsula) and its Latin equivalent
1851:
802:) appear in a map by a Malay-Portuguese cartographer
126:
73:
742:. Marked on the map are places such as Blacan mati (
2408:. Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Pte Ltd.
1906:
Impressions of the Malay Peninsula in Ancient Times
1842:
1327:script that are occasionally used, one of which is
915:A number of names for Singapore were used by local
506:) where Singapore lies. However, identification of
3027:
2291:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800
2230:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800
2203:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300_1800
1970:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300_1800
1708:. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. p.
1646:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300_1800
1614:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300_1800
786:, or "Island of the Old Shahbandar's House" (the
738:1604 map of Singapura by Portuguese cartographer
575:'Dragon's Teeth Gate'), known locally as
3618:
2374:
2331:
2260:
1917:
1915:
1826:
1824:
1307:
1008:
993:
2226:
2199:
1966:
1642:
1607:
1314:
1019:
1000:
863:provided five separate entries for Singapore:
689:), which is a transcription of the Malay name
358:) and Java. The name also appears in Buddhist
3547:Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa
3013:
2606:
2444:
2108:Singapore Street Names: A Study of Toponymics
2105:Victor R Savage; Brenda Yeoh (15 June 2013).
2069:
1993:
1912:
1878:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1532:
1464:
1226:and the Malay name is used for the country's
770:("The Long Island"), or the Malay equivalent
663:, visiting the island around 1330, mentioned
260:which is believed to have been derived from
96:
43:
3574:International Organization of Turkic Culture
2401:
1821:
3637:Lists of country names in various languages
1515:
1493:
1491:
945:(星嘉坡 or 星加坡) and the derived shorter forms
570:
174:
3541:Community of Portuguese Language Countries
3156:Countries and capitals in native languages
3020:
3006:
2613:
2599:
2561:"《联合早报》介绍 (Introduction to Lianhe Zaobao)"
2540:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2100:
2098:
2096:
1858:. Cambridge University Press. p. 73.
1804:
1791:
1726:. Search Singapore Pte Ltd. Archived from
1638:
1636:
1634:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1186:is a term for "island" in this case while
1088:. The full name of Singapore in different
883:(both straits). After the 1780s, the name
350:in what is now Vietnam established by the
252:The English name Singapore comes from the
2172:
1058:
782:. A Flemish merchant named the island as
446:in the name may simply be the Malay word
221:
2131:
2076:A History of Modern Singapore, 1819-2005
1903:
1603:
1601:
1488:
1471:A History of Modern Singapore, 1819-2005
1159:
733:
640:'s account of his travel, a place named
590:
521:refers to the main island of Singapore,
422:
225:
2261:Peter Borschberg, ed. (December 2004).
2247:
2093:
1883:. Oxford University Press. p. 43.
1631:
1449:
1323:. There are variations of Singapore in
1257:(சிங்கப்பூர்) and its official name is
860:Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon
729:
514:varies according to different authors.
3619:
2518:
2287:
910:
3273:
3044:
3001:
2594:
1852:Afonso de Albuquerque (20 May 2010).
1598:
1533:Ernst Eichler, ed. (1 January 1995).
1053:
857:The 18th century German encyclopedia
806:drawn in 1604 and published in 1613.
400:legends as a guardian of gold mines.
2451:. A. Constable and Company. p.
2288:Miksic, John N. (15 November 2013),
2156:"Singapore: Relations with Malaysia"
1881:A Portrait of Malaysia and Singapore
1218:The official name of the country in
750:, and Ujontana (the Malay Peninsula)
693:. Wang described two settlements in
2227:John N. Miksic (15 November 2013).
2200:John N. Miksic (15 November 2013).
2111:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 381.
1967:John N. Miksic (15 November 2013).
1838:. National Library Board Singapore.
1643:John N. Miksic (15 November 2013).
1372:Singapore, Xin-ga-po, or Xinh-ga-po
466:
13:
3161:Country names in various languages
2405:Travellers' Tales of Old Singapore
1923:"Bargimgaparaa. Carta del Cantino"
1539:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 905.
1286:
972:) and the derivatives or variants
579:in Malay, which is believed to be
538:It was recorded that in 1320, the
14:
3658:
2579:
2402:Michael Wise (15 December 2012).
2144:. Royal Asiatic Society: 199–200.
2023:
1398:
960:(石叻) derived from the Malay word
490:. The map located a place called
2981:
2972:
2971:
2620:
2375:Peter Borschberg (1 June 2009).
2332:Peter Borschberg (1 June 2009).
2267:. Harrassowitz. pp. 98–99.
2176:Singapore: The Unexpected Nation
1939:
1414:Likewise, Korea formerly used a
1158:) (獅城), literally "Lion City."
1014:no jidai ni eta minami no shima"
628:. The name appears twice in the
471:
3457:List of Indo-European languages
3253:Languages of the European Union
2553:
2541:Joshua Lee (11 February 2017).
2534:
2512:
2459:
2438:
2422:
2395:
2368:
2352:
2325:
2315:"A Portuguese Map of Sincapura"
2307:
2294:, NUS Press, pp. 163–165,
2281:
2233:. NUS Press. pp. 171–182.
2220:
2206:. NUS Press. pp. 181–184.
2193:
2166:
2148:
2125:
2063:
2017:
1987:
1960:
1933:
1897:
1872:
1769:
1742:
1716:
1695:
1585:
992:The Japanese renamed Singapore
987:
721:, even though according to the
2939:British Indian Ocean Territory
2521:"Fall of Malaya and Singapore"
1663:
1579:
1563:. bartleby.com. Archived from
1553:
1526:
1509:
1203:Nanyang Sin-Chew Lianhe Zaobao
941:), other former names include
937:
928:
825:, where the Persian or Arabic
681:
565:
556:
127:
97:
74:
44:
1:
3566:Organization of Turkic States
3274:
3045:
2431:A New Geographical Dictionary
2338:. NUS Press. pp. 47–49.
2173:Edwin Lee (15 October 2008).
1832:"Singapura as "Falsa Demora""
1777:"The National Day Webspecial"
1516:Sommerville, Maxwell (1894).
1474:. NUS Press. pp. 21–22.
1442:
1418:-derived name for Singapore,
1362:
1194:is used in names such as the
949:(星洲; "Singapore Island") and
392:fits a mythical beast called
268:comes from the Sanskrit word
3416:By number of native speakers
1438:: A nickname for the country
1190:means "country" or "state."
652:(𱏺馬錫) in the 14th century.
7:
3428:By number of total speakers
1671:"Sang Nila Utama Palembang"
1429:
1308:
1294:
1142:A nickname for the city is
1137:Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤ Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
1009:
994:
784:Ysla de la Sabandaria Vieja
498:at the southern tip of the
276:), which means "lion", and
10:
3663:
3462:List of Mongolic languages
2586:Geographic name in Hokkien
2138:Asiatic Society Monographs
2003:University of Malaya Press
1805:Borschberg, Peter (2012).
1676:. 24hr Art. Archived from
1649:. NUS Press. p. 150.
1617:. NUS Press. p. 151.
1075:
1063:
586:
478:Early history of Singapore
475:
288:place names. The Sanskrit
245:
3585:
3482:
3441:
3408:
3375:
3284:
3280:
3269:
3146:
3055:
3051:
3040:
2967:
2926:
2886:
2628:
2381:. NUS Press. p. 50.
2321:. National Library Board.
2079:. NUS Press. p. 20.
2042:10.1142/S1793724819000051
1973:. NUS Press. p. 35.
1755:. NUS Press. p. 57.
1409:
1315:
1128:Sîn-kâ-phô Khiung-fò-koet
1020:
1001:
672:
188:
175:
168:
163:
150:
143:
138:
120:
113:
108:
104:
90:
85:
67:
60:
55:
51:
37:
32:
28:
23:
3472:List of Uralic languages
3467:List of Turkic languages
3388:by country and territory
2688:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1811:Journal of Asian History
1355:, the country's name is
1346:
1261:(சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு, /
1253:, the country's name is
1244:
1213:
1110:Sin-ka-pho Kiōng-hô-kok
953:(星國 "Singapore State").
740:Manuel Godinho de Erédia
685:, written as 淡馬錫 in the
3642:Names of places in Asia
3528:Three Linguistic Spaces
3512:Commonwealth of Nations
2949:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1904:Wheatley, Paul (1964).
1724:"Studying in Singapore"
1160:Modern historical names
964:meaning "strait" (from
869:Sincapurum Promontorium
529:that some argued to be
318:) suffixes. It is also
3647:Country name etymology
2445:John Crawfurd (1820).
1879:Tan Ding Eing (1978).
1306:script for Singapore,
1119:Sān'gabō Guhng'wòhgwok
1059:Languages of Singapore
1032:the Japanese surrender
751:
714:
607:
435:
243:
222:Etymology of Singapore
3627:City name etymologies
3433:Languages in censuses
3056:By official languages
2364:. 1743. p. 1595.
1588:"Language and places"
1374:for the country (and
1370:either uses the word
1277:. It is also used in
984:(叻埠) were also used.
832:Afonso de Albuquerque
737:
594:
426:
264:meaning "Lion City".
229:
86:Republic of Singapore
3632:History of Singapore
3504:Dutch Language Union
3148:Endonyms and exonyms
2863:United Arab Emirates
2162:on 22 December 2006.
2005:. pp. 151–152.
1611:(15 November 2013).
1422:(신가파), but now uses
1263:siŋɡəppuːrkuɽijərəsɯ
1259:Ciṅkappūr Kuṭiyaracu
1090:varieties of Chinese
730:Early European names
248:Kingdom of Singapura
182:Ciṅkappūr Kuṭiyaracu
180:சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு
3523:(Romance languages)
3400:Number of languages
2890:limited recognition
2471:Straits Settlements
2073:(30 October 2009).
1929:. 22 December 2014.
1927:History Delocalized
1730:on 23 December 2007
1499:"Temasek/Singapora"
1468:(30 October 2009).
1271:one's personal name
911:Local Chinese names
840:Strait of Singapore
811:Cantino planisphere
428:Cantino planisphere
338:Proto-Indo-European
3598:Category:Languages
3593:Lists of languages
3577:(Turkic languages)
3569:(Turkic languages)
3383:Official languages
1787:on 26 August 2014.
1586:LAM, DR LIM CHIN.
1380:Cộng hòa Xin-ga-po
1376:Cộng hòa Singapore
1234:of the same name,
1224:Republik Singapura
1101:Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó
1086:simplified Chinese
1082:Chinese characters
1054:Contemporary names
1038:was, at the time,
798:and Blakang Mati (
752:
659:Chinese sojourner
608:
436:
244:
196:names of Singapore
155:Republik Singapura
128:Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3452:Language families
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
2995:
2994:
2932:other territories
2415:978-981-4677-30-1
2388:978-9971-69-464-7
2345:978-9971-69-464-7
2301:978-9971-69-574-3
2274:978-3-447-05107-1
2240:978-9971-69-574-3
2213:978-9971-69-574-3
2186:978-981-230-796-5
2118:978-981-4484-74-9
2086:978-9971-69-430-2
1980:978-9971-69-574-3
1890:978-0-19-580722-6
1865:978-1-108-01154-9
1781:The Straits Times
1762:978-9971-69-790-7
1683:on 19 August 2006
1656:978-9971-69-574-3
1624:978-9971-69-574-3
1546:978-3-11-020342-4
1481:978-9971-69-430-2
1238:Majulah Singapura
968:another name for
844:Strait of Malacca
804:Godinho de Erédia
573:
504:Golden Khersonese
371:According to the
192:
191:
157:ريڤوبليق سيڠاڤورا
134:
133:
115:Standard Mandarin
81:
80:
62:Standard Mandarin
3654:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3552:
3537:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3282:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3041:
3022:
3015:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2944:Christmas Island
2630:Sovereign states
2615:
2608:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2516:
2510:
2509:, port, or city.
2463:
2457:
2456:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2258:
2245:
2244:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2102:
2091:
2090:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2001:. Kuala Lumpur:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1948:on 26 April 2006
1937:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1802:
1789:
1788:
1783:. Archived from
1773:
1767:
1766:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1640:
1629:
1628:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1567:on 11 April 2001
1557:
1551:
1550:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1462:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1264:
1197:Sin Chew Jit Poh
1025:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1007:, from Japanese
1006:
1004:
1003:
997:
939:
930:
683:
674:
574:
571:
567:
558:
467:Historical names
414:Majapahit Empire
184:
183:
159:
158:
130:
129:
106:
105:
100:
99:
77:
76:
53:
52:
47:
46:
21:
20:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3602:
3581:
3576:
3568:
3560:
3550:
3535:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3444:language family
3437:
3404:
3371:
3286:
3276:
3257:
3142:
3078:Dutch/Afrikaans
3047:
3036:
3026:
2996:
2991:
2963:
2931:
2922:
2903:Northern Cyprus
2889:
2882:
2624:
2619:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2563:. lianhe zaobao
2559:
2558:
2554:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2464:
2460:
2443:
2439:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2373:
2369:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2330:
2326:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2259:
2248:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2171:
2167:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2103:
2094:
2087:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2022:
2018:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1850:
1843:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1803:
1792:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1641:
1632:
1625:
1606:
1599:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1531:
1527:
1514:
1510:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1463:
1450:
1445:
1432:
1412:
1365:
1349:
1312:
1297:
1289:
1287:Other languages
1247:
1232:national anthem
1216:
1078:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1017:
998:
990:
913:
792:Singapore River
746:), Xabandaria,
732:
617:Nagarakretagama
589:
500:Malay Peninsula
484:
474:
469:
342:Sang Nila Utama
250:
230:A statue of an
224:
216:Sang Nila Utama
181:
179:
177:
156:
154:
152:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3538:
3530:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3501:
3492:
3490:
3483:Language-based
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3448:
3446:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3338:Southeast Asia
3335:
3330:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2580:External links
2578:
2575:
2574:
2552:
2533:
2511:
2481:(嶼) refers to
2458:
2437:
2421:
2414:
2394:
2387:
2367:
2351:
2344:
2324:
2306:
2300:
2280:
2273:
2246:
2239:
2219:
2212:
2192:
2185:
2165:
2147:
2132:G. E. Gerini.
2124:
2117:
2092:
2085:
2062:
2024:杨, 斌. (2019).
2016:
1986:
1979:
1959:
1932:
1911:
1896:
1889:
1871:
1864:
1841:
1820:
1790:
1768:
1761:
1741:
1715:
1694:
1662:
1655:
1630:
1623:
1609:John N. Miksic
1597:
1578:
1552:
1545:
1525:
1508:
1487:
1480:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:Little red dot
1431:
1428:
1411:
1408:
1364:
1361:
1353:Khmer language
1348:
1345:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1275:Singai Mukilan
1246:
1243:
1215:
1212:
1140:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1077:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
989:
986:
956:Another name,
912:
909:
834:who conquered
823:ba(r)cingapura
819:ba(r)xingapara
768:'t Lang Eiland
764:t Lange Eyland
731:
728:
588:
585:
581:Keppel Harbour
473:
470:
468:
465:
328:suffix (e.g.,
240:Draupadi Ratha
223:
220:
190:
189:
186:
185:
172:
166:
165:
161:
160:
147:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
131:
124:
118:
117:
111:
110:
109:Transcriptions
102:
101:
94:
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
71:
65:
64:
58:
57:
56:Transcriptions
49:
48:
41:
35:
34:
30:
29:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3659:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:organizations
3487:
3481:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:By population
3407:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3316:South America
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:North America
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:and subregion
3283:
3279:
3272:
3268:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:South Ossetia
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2622:Name of Asia
2616:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2562:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:The syllable
2462:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2433:
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700:Long Ya Men
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548:Long Ya Men
532:Bukit Timah
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176:சிங்கப்பூர்
3621:Categories
3558:Hispanidad
3376:By country
3360:Micronesia
3333:South Asia
3118:Portuguese
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1443:References
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164:Tamil name
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1503:HistorySG
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330:Acropolis
322:with the
258:Singapura
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3499:(Arabic)
3299:Americas
3186:Cambodia
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2803:Pakistan
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2673:Cambodia
2030:华人研究国际学报
1997:(1961).
1952:4 August
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1687:14 April
1592:The Star
1571:14 April
1430:See also
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622:Javanese
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396:told in
365:Ramayana
356:Singburi
320:cognates
300:Jayapura
262:Sanskrit
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153:سيڠاڤورا
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3507:(Dutch)
3350:Oceania
3246:Vietnam
3231:Myanmar
3201:Iceland
3196:Germany
3133:Spanish
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3113:Persian
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3073:Chinese
2873:Vietnam
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2768:Lebanon
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2643:Armenia
2567:25 July
2526:10 July
2495:Malacca
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2434:. 1738.
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614:. The
612:Temasek
587:Temasek
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488:Ptolemy
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448:singgah
379:Temasek
314:(e.g.,
306:(e.g.,
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312:-borei
286:Indian
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3221:Korea
3216:Japan
3206:India
3191:China
3138:Tamil
3108:Malay
3035:lists
2959:Macau
2878:Yemen
2838:Syria
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