Nanda Bayin - Knowledge

1790:, a town just to the west of Ayutthaya. Here Burmese chronicle and Siamese chronicle narratives give different accounts. Burmese chronicles say that a battle took place on 8 January 1593 , in which Mingyi Swa and Naresuan fought on their war elephants. In the battle, Mingyi Swa was felled by a gunshot, after which the Burmese army retreated. According to Siamese chronicles, the battle took place on 18 January 1593. Like in the Burmese chronicles, the battle started out between the two forces but the Siamese chronicles say that midway through the battle, the two sides agreed to decide the outcome by having a duel between Mingyi Swa and Naresuan on their elephants, and that Mingyi Swa was cut down by Naresuan. 2392:(Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 61, 106): Nanda ascended to the throne on the full moon day of Tazaungmon 943 ME (10 October 1581) at age 46 (in his 47th year). It means he was born on or before the full moon of Tazaungmon 897 ME (9 November 1535). But (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 240, 248) says he was still 12 years old (in his 13th year) on 13th waxing of Tazaungmon 910 (13 October 1548) at the start of the 1548 Siamese campaign. It means he was born between 14th waxing of Tazaungmon 897 ME and the full moon of Tazaungmon 897 ME (8 November or 9 November 1535). Per (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 106) he was born on a Tuesday. It means he was born on 9 November 1535 (Tuesday, full moon of Tazaungmon 897 ME). 1639:(Mottama), and declared independence on 3 May 1584 . Nanda in anger dispatched an expedition force (4,000 men, 400 horses, 40 elephants) to chase the Siamese troops to their country. When he got back to Pegu, he led another army (7,000 men, 500 horses, 50 elephants), and followed up. His son Mingyi Swa was his deputy. Unlike his father's meticulously planned Siamese campaigns, the expedition was hastily planned. An 11,000-man invasion force could have never conquered Siam, let alone in the rainy season. Indeed, the troops were caught unprepared by the flooded countryside by the 1550:

first months of his reign reaffirming the loyalty of the vassal rulers to him. For their part, the vassal rulers, who governed what used to be sovereign states as recently as only a few decades ago, would break away at any first hint of weakness. But no one was yet ready to make the first move against Nanda, an experienced military commander in his own right, and adopted a "wait-and-see attitude". By May 1582, all the key vassal rulers, including the ruler of Siam, the most powerful vassal state, had sent tribute. Even King

1490: 1682:, "Donor King of Five Buddha Statues"). But the court reported that not taking action in Siam was being interpreted as weakness in Lan Na, Lan Xang and Shan states, and urged that the king deal with Siam. History shows that it was a bad recommendation by the court. The vassals' tepid support meant that the king could not have raised enough manpower to capture Siam. If Nanda's best hope of keeping the core country intact was to retrench from the empire's overextended positions, the king and his court could not see it. 1111:, which became the new capital of the burgeoning Toungoo dynasty in 1539. Throughout his youth, his father was away on annual military campaigns with his uncle the king. Nanda nominally became the second in line to the Toungoo throne in 1542 when his father was made heir-apparent by Tabinshwehti. Like his father and uncle, who received a military style education in their youth, he as a Toungoo prince probably received the same kind of military oriented education. Indeed, Nanda was only 13 when he, styled as 4091: 1983: 1995:

deliberately refrained from invading Siam and Lan Xang. The restored empire was a "realistic and organic unit,... which did not extend in any direction to a point where Burma's supply lines were more extended than those of her nearest lowland rival." The Restored Toungoo kings also instituted an administrative system that replaced hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs.

450: 1768: 1934:(Thanlyin) in March 1599. Both Toungoo and Arakanese laid siege to Pegu in April. Eight months into the siege, Nanda's heir-apparent, Minye Kyawswa II, defected to the besiegers, after being promised good treatment. However, it was an empty promise. The prince was executed at Toungoo by Natshinnaung. After the defection, the king himself gave up, and surrendered on 19 December [ 1879:(Noh Meuang) also revolted c. November 1595. The Lan Xang rebellion was overdue. Nanda had held onto Lan Xang thus far only because his vassals were themselves weak. Neither Maha Ouparat (r. 1574–88) nor Sen Soulintha (r. 1588–91) appeared to have ruled beyond Vientiane. Anarchy reigned in the countryside. In 1591, Nanda placed a 20-year-old Nokeo Koumane, a son of King 1783:(Mottama) drove back Naresuan's army, the raid was a clear sign that the balance of power was shifting in favor of the former vassal state. Nanda and his court deliberated at length about their response, fully considering the military setbacks and their inability to raise men. In the end, the court suggested and the king agreed to yet another invasion of Siam. 1966:, the widow of Mingyi Swa. When the Siamese forces came to lay siege to Toungoo in April 1600, demanding Minye Thihathu to give up the fallen king, the 21-year-old Natshinnaung urged his father to give Nanda up. But the father refused, knowing that agreeing to Naresuan's symbolic demand would be seen as a sign of submission to the Siamese king. 1598:

familial ties, the slight did not go unnoticed in Ava. In June/July 1583, Thado Minsaw sent secret embassies to Prome, Toungoo and Chiang Mai to raise simultaneous rebellions. His intention was not to seek Nanda's imperial throne but to rule Upper Burma independently. The three viceroys sided with Nanda and secretly forwarded the news to Nanda.

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Nanda manically launched five invasions of Siam, all of which failed. The king never had the full support of his other vassals, and could never field more than a third of the number his father led. By the end of the invasions, his core base of Lower Burma was severely depopulated, and would be unable to stop further breakaways.

1161:(modern Yangon). There, Nanda became an active member of his father's inner circle who plotted to restore the Toungoo Empire. Bayinnaung's forces first attacked his native Toungoo in September 1550 and took the city on 11 January 1551. Bayinnaung held a coronation ceremony there, and made his 15-year-old son his heir-apparent. 1816:, a small town to the west of Pegu. While the unrest was easily put down, its proximity to the capital was a telltale sign that the people were desperate. To help him administer the core country, Nanda brought back Minye Kyawswa II from Ava, making his middle son by the chief queen his heir-apparent on 29 December [ 1828:

policies, and the two brothers got into a quarrel. Nanda was forced to intervene, officially releasing the conscripted men and seized property. But the damage was already done. Coercion proved self-defeating. With cultivators disappearing, rice prices in Lower Burma reached unheard of levels. In October 1594, the ruler of

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especially Minkhaung II of Toungoo, his other half uncle who once revolted against none other than Bayinnaung. As a result, Nanda built a series of canals between Toungoo and Pegu. In March 1584, armies from Prome, Toungoo, Lan Na, Lan Xang and Siam marched to Ava. Mingyi Swa was left with a sizable force to guard Pegu.

2603:(Simms & Simms 2001: 89–90) says Nokeo Koumane revolted in 1593 but (Fernquest 2005: 47) says the earliest evidence of a Lan Xang revolt against Nanda in the Lan Xang, Chiang Mai, Ayutthaya and Burmese chronicles is 957 ME (11 April 1595 to 9 April 1596). He had already revolted by November 1595. According to the 1921:, fended off Toungoo's attacks. In the middle Tai country too, chaos reigned. Lan Na and Lan Xang were locked in conflict. Lan Na's own vassals (Nan, Chiang Saen, Chiang Rai) were in revolt. Siam began to intervene the upcountry affairs in 1598, gaining Lan Na c. 1601/02 but chaos continued on the Lan Na countryside. 2616:

Laotian history per (Simms & Simms 2001: 86–89) holds that Maha Ouparat died in 1579 and was followed by Soulintha who ruled between 1580–82, and that there were no rulers between 1583 and 1591 in Lan Xang. However, both standard Burmese chronicles (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 89) and (Hmannan Vol.

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Nanda by all accounts was an energetic monarch, who from his youth upward, had served in the armed forces and still led them in person. There is no reason to suppose that he was not "above the average of Burmese kings." But unlike no other Burmese kings, he inherited the largest empire in the history

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The tables were now completely turned. The king in desperation asked his vassals Prome, Toungoo and Lan Na for help. Aid was slow in coming. Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo, who had just lost many of his men at Moulmein, had to raise more men. Nawrahta Minsaw of Lan Na was facing a threat of attack from

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The latest defeat in Siam was significant. The remaining vassals clearly saw that Pegu could no longer launch a credible offensive war. Nanda belatedly tried to retrench from his ambitions but it was too late. All of the vassals would have revolted by 1597, and by 1598, his core country Pegu would be

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The southern army had no such success. Like in 1586, Mingyi Swa invaded northern Siam from Lan Na, and could not again get past the Lampang fort led by Naresuan. But unlike in 1586, it was no mere retreat. The army was thoroughly defeated outside Lampang in March 1591. The remaining army arrived back

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led by Naresuan, and had to withdraw in June. Undeterred, Nanda launched a two-pronged invasion in the following dry season on 19 October 1586 with (25,000 troops, 1,200 horses, 220 elephants). His largest invasion force nonetheless remained vastly inadequate to conquer a major power like Siam, and

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Nanda was in a bind. His ministers warned that a failure to recapture Siam would trigger domino-like rebellions elsewhere in the empire. The problem was that he still did not have complete control over his vassals to raise a large enough force that had a reasonable shot at reconquering Siam. He tried

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in which the high king ruled the core while semi-independent tributaries, autonomous viceroys, and governors actually controlled day-to-day administration and manpower. In the tradition of the system, every new high king had to establish his authority with the vassals all over again. This was already

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For the next 15 years, Bayinnaung directed his energies to restoring and expanding the Toungoo Empire. Everyone in his inner circle was devoted to the main enterprise of the kingdom: warfare. In the early years (1551 to 1555), however, Nanda, still a teenager, was given limited roles, and did not see

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was one of the principal commanders in his father's military campaigns that expanded and defended the empire. As king, Nanda faced the impossible task of keeping his father's "improbable domain" together. He never gained the full support of his father's chosen vassal rulers, who governed what used to

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As seen in (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 49, 53), Bayinnaung began to back away as early as 1579, and gave Nanda a greater role. In his appointment of Nawrahta Minsaw as ruler of Lan Na, the king acknowledged his failing health, and asked Nawrahta Minsaw to obey Nanda as the health of the kingdom depends on

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the king of Lan Xang, who officially was still a vassal of Pegu. Finally, Thado Dhamma Yaza III of Prome had already decided to revolt against his father. It was only in early April that combined forces of Toungoo and Lan Na came to relieve the city, forcing Naresuan to withdraw on 6 April [

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Nanda responded to the revolt by sending an 8,000-strong army led by Minye Thihathu II and Thiri Dhammathawka. Unbeknownst to the Burmese command, the city had been reinforced by Siamese troops led by none other than Naresuan. The army was driven back. In December, the Siamese forces (12,000 troops,

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By 1593, Nanda was having trouble even in his home base of Lower Burma, which had borne the brunt of his conscription drives year after year. Many people of Lower Burma, many whom were ethnic Mons, fled military service to become monks, debt-slaves, private retainers, or refugees in nearby kingdoms.

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The failed invasion forced him to regroup for the next three years. The restless vassals, even the smaller ones, were beginning to test. In November 1587, he had to send an army of 4,000 to put down a rebellion in a small Shan state of Inya. It took the army seven months to bring the state back into

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Within the year of his accession, Nanda had to deal with a seemingly small rebellion in northernmost Shan states in present-day Yunnan. The rebellion was put down but it led to rebellions by Ava and Siam in 1584. The rebellion in Ava was put down but that in Siam could not be. Between 1584 and 1593,

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The victors divided the enormous wealth of Pegu, accumulated over the past 60 years as the capital of the Toungoo Empire. The gold, silver and precious stones were equally divided. The Arakanese share also included several brazen cannon, 30 Khmer bronze statues, and a white elephant. Toungoo forces

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The king did not appoint a replacement viceroy or even a governor at Ava to administer the upcountry. With that decision, he had effectively retreated from Upper Burma and Shan states. It shows that he was more concerned about having a strong potential rival in the upcountry than about dealing with

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At any rate, the Burmese forces retreated, suffering heavy casualties along the way by incessant Siamese attacks. It was the last of Pegu's campaigns. Siam's independence was now secured. For the next dozen years, it was Burma that would be on the defensive, "the tables of war turning for the first

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noted that Nanda was "saddled with an impossible legacy" of the holding the empire together, and his "one hope of keeping the country together was to evacuate Siam and retrench in every direction." Without the benefit of hindsight, Nanda would try to hold on to the "impossible legacy". He spent the

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Nanda had inherited what was "probably the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia" and what the Portuguese regarded as "the most powerful monarchy in Asia except that of China". Yet, it was an "absurdly overextended" empire, largely held together by Bayinnaung's personal relationships with

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Nanda's once mighty empire had been reduced to a strip of coastal Lower Burma (Pegu and the Irrawaddy delta). The former vassal rulers now effectively ignored the high king as inconsequential, instead now saw each other as rivals. It was a natural return to multilateral relations among the smaller

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Led one of five armies that invaded Lan Xang in October 1569. His army invaded northern Lan Xang via Lamphun. Burmese armies spent months in the countryside searching for elusive bands of guerrilla forces but returned in March 1570, having lost many men from starvation and disease. Very few men of

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who grew up in Pegu, on the throne, hoping for a pliant ruler. The young ruler consolidated his hold over his realm by defeating Luang Praban, and finally declared independence in 1595. Nokeo Koumane now proceeded to attack Lan Na, briefly taking over Nan. Nawrahta Minsaw drove back the invaders,

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by December. But the armies were not ready for a long-term siege of the heavily fortified capital. Because of poor planning, the troops began dying in thousands "from want and exposure" by February 1587. By March, the siege began to falter, and supplies streamed into Ayutthaya through gaps in the

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In 1586, the king embarked on what turned out to be suicidal invasions of Siam with whatever he had. He chose to pick off northern Siam first. In March 1586, an army (12,000 troops, 1,200 horses, 100 elephants) led by Mingyi Swa invaded northern Siam from Lan Na. But the army could not get past a

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traveled to Pegu to gain permission to rule. Nanda agreed to the request but asked Vorapita to be the regent. By the time, they arrived back to Vientiane, Lan Xang's historical rival Lan Na had revolted. Lan Xang declared war on Lan Na, not at the behest of Pegu but for itself. Although Lan Xang

1613:. Faced with an overwhelming force, Thado Minsaw issued a challenge of single combat on war elephants to his nephew, who accepted. The nephew prevailed after a long drawn out battle, driving off his uncle off the field. Thado Minsaw with 2,000 of his men fled to northern hills but died en route. 1601:

At Pegu, Nanda was particularly concerned that Ava had the support of the Shan states. To counter the manpower of Upper Burma, Nanda secretly ordered troops from Prome, Toungoo, Lan Na, Lan Xang and Siam during the dry season of 1583–84. To be sure, he did not trust his remaining vassals either,

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But all was not well. Although the two armies had been drawn mainly from Upper Burma and Shan states, Nanda did not ask Thado Minsaw, the viceroy of Ava, to join the campaign, much less lead it. Thado Minsaw was a half-uncle of Nanda, and was married to Nanda's only full sister. Despite the deep

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With his sons at Ava and Prome in charge of the entire Irrawaddy valley, Nanda planned to resume the war against Siam. He had raised the largest force yet, 30,000 men. But the powerful Shan state of Mogaung had revolted, refusing to contribute its quota. Instead of focusing on Mogaung, the king

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prefectures in Yunnan, China), which never sent tribute to the new king. In September/October 1582, Nanda sent two armies (16,000 men, 1,400 horses, 100 elephants) led by Thado Dhamma Yaza II of Prome and Nawrahta Minsaw of Lan Na for a punitive expedition. The armies spent five months at Sanda

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At any rate, the new heir-apparent turned out to be a tyrant. He immediately set out to tighten his grip on Lower Burma, branding men to facilitate identification, executing deserters, and forcing monks into the army. Thado Dhamma Yaza III, viceroy of Prome, openly disagreed with his brother's

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Having failed at Prome, Toungoo looked south to Pegu. In late 1597, Toungoo and Arakan agreed to a joint attack on Pegu. Toungoo forces moved the forward base to Kawliya, a town northeast of Pegu in March 1598. In the following dry season, Arakanese and Toungoo forces invaded Lower Burma. The

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Nanda was an energetic king, who probably would have made an "above average" Burmese monarch. But he made the mistake of trying to hold on to an "absurdly overextended" empire built mainly on patron-client relationships. The king's monumental failures taught his 17th-century successors not to

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Nanda's failures showed several following generations of Burmese monarchs about the perils of over-extension, and the need to establish a more centralized administration in place of hereditary chieftainships. The 17th century Toungoo kings rebuilt the fallen empire by the mid-1620s but they

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in place of Thado Minsaw. The office was strictly a non-hereditary governorship, not the viceroyship Thado Minsaw enjoyed. But Nanda could not replace hereditary rulers without cause. When Viceroy Minkhaung II of Toungoo died in June/July 1584, he had to accept the late viceroy's eldest son

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Nanda was an active member of the Pegu court dominated by ethnic Mon ministers. His father listened to Nanda's input even if he did not always heed his son's suggestions. He took on an increasingly greater role in the last two years of his father's reign when the king's health deteriorated.

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Chronicles (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 201) do not explicitly say that Nanda became heir-apparent on Bayinnaung's coronation ceremony on 11 January 1551, in which the king handed out various titles to his brothers. But it assumed that he did as the chronicles refer to Nanda as Maha Upayaza

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had emerged as the main power. In May 1596, he had driven out Prome's forces from Pakhan, ostensibly on behalf of Nanda. But he was quietly consolidating territory for himself. After Lan Na's and Toungoo's declarations of independence, he too announced plans to take over Ava on 19

1245:. His role was largely ceremonial since the two 7,000 strong armies were led by his uncles Thado Dhamma Yaza II and Minkhaung II, experienced generals. After seeing extensive defenses of Ava, the trio decided not to proceed. He guarded Pegu during the next Ava campaign (1554–55). 1973:

20 November] 1600, the prince assassinated the fallen king. Minye Thihathu was extremely displeased with his son's action, and ordered a respectful cremation ceremony for his cousin. He also kept the dowager queen with her attendants at the palace.

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Led one of five armies that put down another rebellion in northern Kachin hills. His army and Thado Minsaw's army chased the rebels to the northern hills. One of the battalions from Thado Minsaw's army found the rebel chiefs and killed one of them.

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Led one of two 12,000-strong armies dispatched to northern Kachin hills to put down a rebellion. Thado Dhamma Yaza II commanded the other. Reconquered Mohnyin and Mogaung without a fight. Chased rebel chiefs to the jungle but could not find them.

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950 ME (19 September to 17 October 1588 NS). However, Laotian history's eight years of anarchy is still probable since Maha Ouparat, not deemed an effective ruler even in the Burmese chronicles, probably did not have much control beyond the

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myriad competing minor vassal rulers from afar. The decision was not cost free. Without closer control of a viceroy, Nanda would not be able to enlist any men from the remaining vassals in Upper Burma and Shan states in the following years.

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Commander-in-chief of the campaign. Took Vientiane in January 1565. Installed a vassal ruler. Spent the next seven months fruitlessly searching for King Setthathirath's troops in the Lan Xang countryside. Returned to Pegu in August 1565.

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of Mohnyin, a full Shan. However, (Aung-Thwin 1996) and (Aung-Thwin and Aung-Thwin 2012: 107–109) argue that it is a mistake to equate the position with ethnicity, and that colonial scholarship grafted on Shan ethnicity to the so-called

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of the region, which historians call an "impossible legacy," "improbable domain," "absurdly overextended" empire. His mistake was to hold on to this empire without an administrative system, and without the support of the vassal rulers.

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On 11 January 1551, Nanda became heir-apparent of the kingdom after eight months of chaos following Tabinshwehti's assassination on 30 April 1550. When the news of the assassination reached Pegu, one of Bayinnaung's half-brothers

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states that had existed before the rise of the Toungoo Empire. Concerned by Nyaungyan's takeover of Upper Burma, Thado Dhamma Yaza III of Prome decided to invade the upcountry. But he was assassinated on 15 September [

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to Pegu. But after the army left, the rebel chief's son, who was hiding outside the city, seized the city in November 1591. An 8,000-strong army led by Minye Kyawswa II had to return and put down the rebellion by mid-1592.

1178:, became one of the four principal commanders of the king. Over the next decades, he grew to be an able military leader in his own right, and by the end of his father's reign, was leading entire campaigns by himself. 1170:

any combat action. It was only 1557 onward that Nanda took on increasingly active and prominent roles in his father's military campaigns that founded the largest empire in Southeast Asia. Nanda, along with his uncles

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By then, Prome had revolted. Prome's forces, hoping to consolidate central Burma, attacked Toungoo whose main forces were at the Pegu front. But they could not break through Toungoo's fortified defenses led by

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At Ava, Thado Minsaw asked his loyalists from the Shan states to send help while his army tried to hold off the invading armies. On 24 April 1584 , the two armies met t the outskirts of Ava—between

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is a typographical error. 8th waxing of 942 ME translates to Wednesday, 23 March 1580. It was probably 5th waxing of Tagu 942 ME, which translates to Sunday, 20 March 1580. The Burmese numerals 5 (

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Burmese lines. The Burmese forces began their painful withdrawal on 20 April 1587, being chased throughout by the enemy. Only a small portion of the original army made it back across the border.

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Led one of the four armies that invaded the trans-Salween states. His army invaded from Momeik. Binnya Dala was again his deputy. Saw action at Maing Maw. Took Hotha, Latha, Kaingma, Mainglyin.

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Chronicles (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 95–96) say the Siamese army retreated on 6 April 1595 after a four-month siege of Pegu. Thus, the Siamese army must have laid siege to Pegu in December.

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very difficult when vassals were situated in the same geographic region but nearly impossible with faraway lands, given inherent difficulties in bringing serious warfare to those lands.

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refused to recognize Bayinnaung as the rightful successor, and seized the throne. Nanda, his mother and his sister had to flee the city to join Bayinnaung who was away on a campaign in

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Chronicles generally do not mention the ethnicity of the royalty, and Nanda's was no exception. His ethnicity is inferred from the positions of his ancestors. His maternal grandmother

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Led an army. Along with Thado Minsaw's and Minkhaung II's armies, his army converged on to Thibaw, part of a three-pronged attack. Fought on elephant-back in the battle of Hsipaw.

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Led a force to restore law and order after instabilities rose in Lan Xang. Spent months in the Lan Xang countryside but saw no resistance. Arrived back at Pegu on 20 March 1580.

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Nanda spent the next year and a half consolidating his rule over the remaining empire. On 3 March 1585 , he donated five Buddha statues, for which he would be remembered as "

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revolted. Though he could never raise more than a third of his father's troop levels, Nanda could not come to terms with a smaller empire. Between 1584 and 1593, he launched

1962:, the heir-apparent of Toungoo. Natshinnaung intensely disliked Nanda because the fallen king had once denied Natshinnaung's request for a marriage to the love of his life, 1627:

The Ava rebellion turned out to be just the opening Siam was looking for. The "proud kingdom" had been preparing its defenses for the eventual showdown with Pegu. Its ruler

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Nanda along with his chief queen Hanthawaddy Mibaya returned to his birth city of Toungoo. They treated well there. But Nanda's presence at the palace was not welcomed by

1558:, half of whose kingdom was under Toungoo occupation in 1580–81, sent an embassy in early 1583 to Pegu to offer a truce between the two kingdoms, to which Nanda agreed. 2342:

3 sons and 5 daughters by principal queens, and 8 sons and 3 daughters by junior queens. 2 of the notable children by junior queens were: Thiri Dhamma Thawka (Gov. of

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ostensibly for Nanda's Ava campaign. But the Siamese army did not march to Ava as ordered but hovered around Pegu. After Ava fell quickly, the Siamese army withdrew to

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his vassal rulers, who were loyal to Bayinnaung and not the kingdom of Toungoo. To administer the kingdom, Bayinnaung largely followed then prevailing Southeast Asian

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600 horses, 60 elephants) marched to Pegu. Nanda was caught totally flatfooted; he had not expected an invasion by Siam. The Siamese army now laid siege to Pegu.

2447:, both of whom are accepted as Shan. Therefore, Nanda's maternal grandmother was probably of Shan ethnicity, and his mother Atula Thiri was at least 50% Shan. 2439:

of Mohnyin, and many ethnic Shans were governors of the Shwebo region, the Burman heartland. Nevertheless, the ruling clan of Mobye and Hsipaw produced kings

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without receiving any help from his overlord Nanda. But Nanda caught a break. Nokeo Koumane died shortly after in 1596. His anointed 12-year-old successor

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Bayinnaung died on 10 October 1581 after a long illness, and Nanda succeeded without incident. He cremated his father's body in the Buddhist tradition of

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4 February] 1600, leaving the Arakanese in charge of the city. A month later, the Arakanese forces burned down the entire city, including the

2546:, 14 November 1592 . But (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 93) corrects it as Wednesday 2nd waning of Nadaw, which translates to Wednesday, 4 November 1592, NS. 1893:

would not officially renounce all tributary ties to Burma until 1603, the mountainous kingdom for all intents and purposes was independent by 1597.

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decided to wage war on two fronts. He scaled back his invasion to northern Siam. He sent a 10,000-man army led by Thado Dhamma Yaza III and

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Lan Xang did not formally renounce tributary ties with Burma until 1603 per (Stuart-Fox 2008: 38). But it was de facto independent by 1597.

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Even after the Siamese retreated, Natshinnaung continued to look for an opportunity to remove Nanda. On the night of 30 November [

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overextend their realm and to implement a more centralized administrative system. The Restored Toungoo administrative reforms, which with

1581: 5105: 4079: 1889: 509: 1628: 1538: 218: 2521:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 206: 77) gives Sunday, 4th waning of Tazaungmon 943 ME, which translates to Saturday, 14 October 1581, whereas 1841: 1622: 554: 550: 5120: 2517:

state that Nanda's coronation ceremony was held on the Sunday following the king's death. But they each give a different date.

553:, which increasingly weakened his hold everywhere else. From 1593 onward, it was he who was on the defensive, unable to stop a 3949: 3774: 3686: 1896:

Closer to home, Toungoo also revolted in late 1596/early 1597, around the same time as Lan Na. In Upper Burma, the prince of

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in 1594–95, or prevent the rest of the vassals from breaking away in 1597. In 1599, Nanda surrendered to the joint forces of

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Nanda had five principal queens (two of whom give birth children), all of whom were his first cousins. His chief queen was

3563:(Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 103) & (Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 235): Monday, 2nd waxing of Tabaung 961 ME = 14 February 1600 467: 463: 1905:

9 April] 1597—without Nanda's permission. He brazenly moved into the newly built palace on 29 August [

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the fold. Whenever leadership positions became vacant in key vassal states, he appointed his loyalists: his middle son

3910: 3891: 3872: 3819: 2011:. He had seven children (three sons and four daughters) by the chief queen and one daughter by one principal queen . 581:

modifications, would last to the end of Burmese monarchy in 1885, had their origins in the failures of Nanda Bayin.

1287:

Led an army with Binnya Dala as deputy but did not see any action. Thado Dhamma Yaza II's vanguard army took Mone.

545:

be sovereign kingdoms just a few decades earlier. Within the first three years of his reign, both Upper Burma and

4072: 2069: 1917:

5 September] 1597 by one of his advisers. Toungoo tried to pick off Prome but the new ruler of Prome,

1722: 390: 4009: 3378: 3052: 2556: 2329: 1970: 1943: 1935: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1852: 1817: 1171: 522: 2607:(Ratchasomphan 1994: 67), Lan Xang and Nan forces fought a battle with Lan Na forces on 25 November 1595 NS. 1909:

19 August] 1597. Nyaungyan never formally revolted but offered no support to the high king either.

1775:

Fresh off the success, Naresuan switched to offense in the following dry season of 1591–92 by raiding upper

5072: 4964: 1666: 182: 1786:

On 4 November 1592, an invasion army of 24,000 tried again. After seven weeks, the army fought its way to

3784: 1747:

to Mogaung on 2 November 1590 , and a 20,000-man army led by Mingyi Swa to Siam on 24 November 1590 .

3767:

Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland

1440:

Led one of three vanguard armies that invaded Lan Xang. Saw no action. Took Vientiane without a fight.

1241:

His first big assignment, and as commander-in-chief to move the forward perimeter in the north against

965: 595: 133: 4065: 2466:

Chronicles (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 68–69) say he arrived back on Sunday, 8th waxing of 942 ME but

427: 3698:"The Flight of Lao War Captives from Burma back to Laos in 1596: A Comparison of Historical Sources" 2525:(Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 73) gives Sunday, 5th waning of Tazaungmon 943 ME, or Sunday, 15 October 1581. 4508: 4095: 4003: 225: 39: 1759:

in such disarray that Nanda verbally disparaged Mingyi Swa and executed some of the top generals.

2321: 2063: 1726: 1714: 1317:

He and Thado Minsaw returned to Mone from Lan Na and put down a rebellion by the saopha of Mone.

1154: 380: 5023: 4398: 2555:(Damrong 2001: 128): Monday, 2nd waning of the second Siamese month of 954 CS (18 January 1593 2415: 1024: 2496:

their unity. Later that year, Bayinnaung asked Nanda to go to Lan Xang to restore order there.

4954: 4847: 4331: 1661: 602:(later known as Bayinnaung) at the Toungoo Palace on 9 November 1535. The prince hailed from 1699:

The invasion fared well initially. Both armies overcame Siamese defenses and arrived before

1580:

The first rebellion started in the Chinese Shan states of Sanda and Thaungthut (present-day

1505:

and much deeper parts of Yunnan, and treat the Ceylonese Kingdom of Kotte as a protectorate.

5115: 5110: 4976: 4645: 4417: 4311: 3844: 3798: 1947: 1868:, and had to retreat after two weeks. But Prome had taken over western central Burma up to 1521: 534: 1986:

Restored Toungoo Empire c. 1650, a "realistic and organic unit" that "walked on two legs".

1652:

to replace the vassals with his loyalists at every opportunity. In May 1584, he appointed

1363:

One of four armies that marched to Chiang Mai from Ayutthaya. From Chiang Mai, marched to

8: 4730: 4695: 4625: 4456: 4274: 2317: 2313: 1669:

as the rightful successor. Minye Thihathu II for his part pledged loyalty to his cousin.

1175: 344: 339: 1127:. For his bravery at the battle of Ayutthaya, the young prince was awarded the title of 4862: 4720: 4578: 4388: 4336: 4269: 4140: 3674: 3662: 3636: 2363: 2028: 2004: 438: 334: 4857: 4765: 4518: 4408: 4403: 4321: 4284: 4225: 4195: 4135: 3945: 3906: 3887: 3868: 3815: 3770: 3712: 3682: 3274:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 88): Tazaungmon 949 ME = 1 November to 29 November 1587 NS 2428: 1640: 1303:

Led one of the three vanguard armies (alongside Thado Dhamma Yaza II, Thado Minsaw).

546: 361: 3697: 3305:

952 ME = 31 October 1590 ; 12th waning of Tazaungmon 952 ME = 22 November 1590

4991: 4755: 4700: 4279: 4259: 4215: 3928: 3762: 3652: 3217:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 83): Sunday, 3rd waxing of Tabaung 946 ME = 3 March 1585 1963: 1776: 1700: 1653: 1346: 578: 558: 495: 483: 471: 457: 292: 5038: 4949: 4872: 4815: 4725: 4715: 4705: 4685: 4422: 4378: 4294: 4120: 3967: 3833: 2513: 2078: 1813: 1771:

Thai commemoration of single combat between Naresuan and Mingyi Swa at Nong Sarai

1585: 1555: 566: 526: 407: 349: 175: 3757:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing. 4939: 4820: 4750: 4446: 4441: 4383: 4368: 4346: 4326: 4264: 4205: 2444: 2325: 2055: 1489: 1107:

Except for the first three years of his life, he grew up at the Pegu Palace in

385: 354: 4090: 2418:

was a princess of Mobye (Mong Pai), a Shan state. He also descended from King

2166:

with title Thiri Dhamma Thawka later married to Khin Min Pu daughter of King

1750:

The northern army took Mogaung by March 1591, and brought back the rebellious

5094: 4904: 4835: 4825: 4810: 4770: 4710: 4553: 4393: 4229: 4210: 4185: 4103: 4017: 3716: 3641:"The Myth of the "Three Shan Brothers" and the Ava Period in Burmese History" 3265:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 87): 14th waxing of Kason 949 ME = 20 April 1587 2432: 2355: 2335: 2189: 2183: 2167: 1897: 1880: 1876: 1718: 1158: 794: 607: 603: 500: 395: 268: 263: 118: 4889: 4800: 4780: 4760: 4680: 4670: 4615: 4563: 4538: 4523: 4498: 4413: 4358: 4316: 4245: 4180: 4125: 4057: 3789: 3752: 2507: 2423: 2137: 2126: 2112: 2037: 2008: 1982: 1959: 1865: 1744: 1657: 1589:

before finally taking the town, and arrived back at Pegu on 9 April 1583 .

1551: 1516: 615: 570: 2036:

1. Thakin Gyi (daughter) married to Minye Kyawhtin of Kawliya, the son of

1930:

Arakanese navy, consisted Portuguese mercenaries, overran the key port of

569:, and was taken prisoner to Toungoo. A year later, he was assassinated by 5013: 5008: 4981: 4924: 4914: 4909: 4675: 4660: 4600: 4590: 4533: 4528: 4373: 4170: 3724: 2359: 2351: 2248: 2163: 1855:

27 March] 1595. But Siam had gained the upper Tenasserim coast.

1829: 1546: 1524:. Nanda was crowned king on 15 October 1581. He appointed his eldest son 1364: 1242: 1108: 623: 619: 58: 54: 48: 2312:

Among his principal queens the outstanding queens who had no issue were

1501:

probably paid propitiatory homage to Bayinnaung." Chronicles also claim

5053: 5048: 5003: 4894: 4884: 4852: 4790: 4775: 4745: 4740: 4665: 4655: 4620: 4610: 4605: 4548: 4543: 4363: 4241: 4190: 4165: 4049: 4032: 3996: 3932: 3793:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing. 3666: 3302: 3048: 2618: 2582: 2402: 2287: 2049: 1787: 1767: 1525: 910: 735: 680: 611: 599: 541: 417: 375: 288: 243: 200: 155: 108: 95: 3838:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar. 2457:(heir-apparent) on the very next page (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 202). 5043: 5028: 5018: 4944: 4735: 4690: 4635: 4595: 4568: 4558: 4513: 4436: 4431: 4155: 3736: 2440: 2273: 2259: 2226: 2204: 2133: 3828: 3657: 3640: 1942:

returned home with their share of the loot on 14 February [

5033: 4934: 4795: 4630: 4503: 4488: 4483: 4473: 4254: 4249: 4130: 3920: 2419: 2171: 1931: 1632: 1498: 165: 3905:. Vol. 2 (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. 533:(Myanmar) from 1581 to 1599. He presided over the collapse of the 514: 4929: 4785: 4650: 4640: 4306: 4175: 4150: 4115: 2343: 2159: 2041: 1780: 1692: 1636: 1494: 562: 402: 311: 296: 76: 64: 2334:

In all he had 19 children 11 sons and 8 daughters (Not included

1938:

9 December] 1599. The fallen king was sent to Toungoo.

4919: 4468: 4427: 4200: 4160: 3748: 3681:(illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 3533: 2569: 2301: 1869: 1606: 1502: 3858:(in Burmese) (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Yan Aung Sarpay. 1875:

Successful rebellions begot more rebellions. Lan Xang's ruler

1806: 4805: 4493: 4478: 4145: 3374: 3128: 2539: 2211: 1696:

indeed was only about a third of Bayinnaung's 1568 invasion.

1610: 530: 3673: 2422:, a half-Shan according to colonial period scholarship, and 1643:, and were nearly wiped out by Siamese on their war canoes. 3196: 3073: 2347: 2244: 70: 3729:

History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824

2240:

Khin Nge Sone Bon, the younger of Ngetthathura of Kya-Tet

3856:

Mintaya Shwe Hti and Bayinnaung: Ketumadi Taungoo Yazawin

3809: 1349:

in December 1563. Attacked the fort defending Ayutthaya.

3810:

Ratchasomphan (Sænluang.) (1994). David K. Wyatt (ed.).

2401:

See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 172–173) his grandfather King

3532:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 100): Sunday, 4th waxing of 3127:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 80): Tuesday, 1st waning of 1411:

the original army survived to reach their own country.

537:, the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. 3842: 1685: 16:

King of the Toungoo dynasty of Burma from 1581 to 1599

5081:

Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)

2568:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3: 95): Wednesday, 8th waxing of 3849:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–2. Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay. 3226:

Late Tagu 947 ME = 19 March 1586 to 7 April 1586 NS

2362:appointed him as the governor of newly established 2286:His half-sister Yadana Nyunt Thit daughter of King 2058:aka Thein Daw Hnaung, Queen of Arakan (r. 1600–12) 1835: 1762: 1345:He and Minkhaung II jointly-attacked and conquered 3865:The Kingdoms of Laos: Six Hundred Years of History 3743:. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. 1721:as King of Lan Xang in December 1588; another son 1185:Military campaigns of Crown Prince Nanda (1551–80) 1779:with a 5,000-strong army. Though army units from 1123:), accompanied his father and his uncle in their 5092: 3862: 2790: 2144:3. Shin Sithu (Sithu Kyawhtin, Minye Thinkhaya) 1575: 3598: 3596: 1493:Toungoo Empire in 1580. "States as far east as 3519: 3517: 3515: 3494: 3377:955 ME = 23 November 1593 to 21 December 1593 3301:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 90): 5th waxing of 3051:944 ME = 27 September 1582 to 25 October 1582 1812:Chronicles speak of a December 1593 unrest in 1396:Led one of the five armies that invaded Siam. 4073: 3853: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3313: 3311: 3034: 3032: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2701: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2486:) written in longhand can easily be mixed up. 2479: 2471: 2354:. and each one appear in Arakanese chronicle 2188:Son married to Khin Min Hla daughter of King 2170:and Khin Htwe Hla daughter of Minye Sithu of 2092:Nanda had each 11 childrens from concubines 1737: 1677: 1132: 1116: 525:20 November] 1600), was king of the 24: 4087: 3610: 3608: 3593: 3548: 3485: 3348: 3346: 2907: 2889: 2862: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2826: 2799: 2769: 2742: 2225:) the royal princess daughter of Saopha of 2203:) the royal princess daughter of Saopha of 1832:(Mawlamyine) revolted with Siamese support. 1717:as Viceroy of Ava on 7 February 1587 ; 3526: 3512: 3503: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3143: 2988: 2898: 2783: 2781: 1858: 1807:Instabilities in the core country (1593–94) 4080: 4066: 3881: 3867:(illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. 3783: 3635: 3392: 3360: 3358: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3320: 3308: 3286: 3243: 3241: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3152: 3134: 3114: 3112: 3100: 3084: 3082: 3029: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2961: 2934: 2925: 2916: 2708: 2696: 2680: 2658: 2585:956 ME = 13 October to 11 November 1594 NS 2046:2. Min Htwe aka Chantha Thuzar (daughter) 1102: 618:of Toungoo. He had one full elder sister, 521:; 9 November 1535 – 30 November [ 309:Thursday, 10th waning of Tazaungmon 962 ME 3925:The Royal Orders of Burma, A.D. 1598–1885 3761: 3735: 3695: 3656: 3617: 3605: 3584: 3566: 3557: 3539: 3367: 3343: 3295: 3268: 3259: 3211: 3189: 3121: 3066: 3041: 2651: 2649: 2647: 1797: 1707: 4008:10 October 1581 – 19 December [ 3919: 3787:(2012) . Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). 3679:A History of Myanmar Since Ancient Times 3575: 3435: 3417: 3076:945 ME = 19 June 1583 to 17 July 1583 NS 3020: 2943: 2880: 2871: 2817: 2808: 2778: 2760: 2751: 2733: 2129:Minthami Khin Daw Kyi (né Gingkrissana) 2115:Minthami Khin Daw Kyi (né Gingkrissana) 1981: 1766: 1646: 1488: 610:royal lines, and was a grandson of King 3903:The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia 3900: 3843:Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1997–1999) . 3476: 3467: 3458: 3408: 3383: 3355: 3329: 3277: 3250: 3238: 3229: 3220: 3202: 3175: 3161: 3109: 3091: 3079: 3057: 3006: 2979: 2970: 2952: 2724: 2635: 2136:married to Khin Myat Theik daughter of 622:. He was probably at least one quarter 468:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 5093: 3797: 3723: 3449: 2997: 2796:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 230, 233–235 2644: 2272:May Hnin Htwe Da youngest daughter of 2258:May Hnin Htwe Da youngest daughter of 1539:administrative model of solar polities 1531: 981: 867: 863: 853: 751: 647: 643: 4061: 3944:(2 ed.). Yale University Press. 3939: 3426: 3026:Aung-Thwin & Aung-Thwin 2012: 137 2617:3 2003: 88) say Maha Ouparat died in 2534:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 93) gives 1631:sent a 6,000-man army led by his son 1570: 1054: 1044: 1040: 1028: 1022: 1012: 999: 989: 985: 969: 963: 953: 940: 930: 926: 914: 908: 898: 885: 875: 871: 847: 837: 824: 814: 810: 798: 792: 782: 769: 759: 755: 739: 733: 723: 710: 700: 696: 684: 678: 668: 655: 651: 494: 3830:Royal Historical Commission of Burma 3747: 3509:Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 77–78 2182:Thwe Nat Hla Phanuwaddy daughter of 3731:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. 3199:946 ME = 7 June 1584 to 6 July 1584 1686:Resumption of Siamese war (1586–87) 1164: 13: 4044:11 January 1551 – 10 October 1581 3863:Simms, Peter; Sanda Simms (2001). 3854:Sein Lwin Lay, Kahtika U (2006) . 1953: 1924: 1732: 1520:(universal ruler) in front of the 1322:Trans-Salween Chinese Shan states 235:10 October 1581 – 19 December 1599 90:10 October 1581 – 19 December 1599 14: 5132: 5106:Heirs apparent of Toungoo dynasty 3927:. Vol. 2. Kyoto University. 3491:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 112–113 3195:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 83): 2913:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 336–338 2895:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 332–335 2868:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 289–292 2859:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 285–287 2850:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 277–279 2841:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 267–272 2832:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 261–262 2805:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 240–242 1475: 551:five disastrous invasions of Siam 4089: 3373:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 95): 3072:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 79): 3047:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 78): 2581:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 95): 2283:10. Yadana Kyoutpaung Pone Nyet 2072:, Viceroy of Prome (r. 1589–97) 1836:First Siamese invasion (1594–95) 1763:Final invasion of Siam (1592–93) 1142: 448: 3705:SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research 3629: 3523:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 98–99 3405:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 95–96 3326:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 90–91 3317:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 91–92 3292:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 86–89 3158:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 82–83 3140:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 80-82 3106:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 80–81 3038:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 77–78 2967:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 75–77 2940:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 48–49 2931:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 45–46 2922:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 39–42 2610: 2597: 2588: 2575: 2562: 2549: 2528: 2499: 2489: 2460: 2450: 2408: 2086:1. Khin Ma Shwe-Don (daughter) 2033:Chief Queen (Mibaya Khaunggyi) 1842:Burmese–Siamese War (1594–1605) 1623:Burmese–Siamese War (1584–1593) 3799:Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. 3769:. Cambridge University Press. 3696:Fernquest, Jon (Spring 2005). 2431:without any evidence. Indeed, 2395: 2386: 2377: 2300:Khienn Thaung the daughter of 1616: 1561: 1509: 1484: 1367:and secured allegiance there. 1: 5121:16th-century Burmese monarchs 3884:Historical Dictionary of Laos 3677:; Maitrii Aung-Thwin (2012). 3623:Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 239 3614:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 103 3590:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 102 3572:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 101 3545:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 100 3536:961 ME = 19 December 1599 NS. 3423:Simms & Simms 2001: 88–89 2949:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 251 2886:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 327 2877:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 309 2823:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 249 2814:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 245 2787:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 216 2766:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 206 2757:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 202 2739:Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 189 2629: 2320:(Both were daughters of King 2094: 2083:Queen of the Northern Palace 2066:, Crown Prince (r. 1593–99) 2013: 1592: 1576:Chinese Shan states (1582–83) 584: 144: 5073:Confederation of Shan States 4965:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 3645:The Journal of Asian Studies 3500:Fernquest 2005: 47–48, 51–53 3464:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 97 3414:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 96 3389:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 95 3340:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 93 3283:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 88 3256:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 87 3208:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 83 3186:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 86 3118:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 82 3088:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 79 3063:Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 78 2775:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 280–281 2748:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 258–259 2052:, Crown Prince (r. 1581–93) 1872:in the north, close to Ava. 1820:19 December] 1593. 1147: 307:30 November 1600 (aged 65) 192:10 October 1581 – 3 May 1584 7: 5101:Monarchs of Toungoo dynasty 3882:Stuart-Fox, Martin (2008). 2542:954 ME which translates to 2346:) and Minye Thiha (Gov. of 2174:the rank Thanlyin Yauk Min 2147:Phèkho ဖယ်ခုံ Minthami (né 2123:2. Mintha Hting Thikyawsan 594:Nanda was born to Princess 589: 515: 367: 10: 5137: 4040:Heir to the Burmese Throne 4012:9 December] 1599 3901:Tarling, Nicholas (1999). 2572:955 ME = 29 December 1593. 2352:Hanthawaddy Mahadhammaraja 2249:Hanthawaddy Mahadhammaraja 2164:Hanthawaddy Mahadhammaraja 1839: 1738:Siam and Mogaung (1590–92) 1620: 975: 865: 745: 645: 5062: 4990: 4963: 4871: 4834: 4577: 4455: 4345: 4293: 4224: 4102: 4046: 4037: 4029: 4024: 4014: 4001: 3993: 3988: 3961: 3942:Thailand: A Short History 2505:Both standard chronicles 2480: 2472: 1998: 1977: 1678: 1199: 1196: 1190: 1183: 1133: 1117: 1042: 1034: 1006: 987: 983: 947: 928: 920: 892: 873: 869: 831: 812: 804: 776: 757: 753: 717: 698: 690: 662: 649: 504: 487: 434: 423: 413: 401: 360: 329: 317: 303: 281: 277: 257: 249: 239: 231: 224: 214: 206: 196: 188: 181: 171: 161: 151: 139: 132: 124: 114: 104: 94: 86: 34: 25: 21: 3940:Wyatt, David K. (2003). 3473:Than Tun Vol. 2 1985: 11 2641:Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 106 2370: 1859:Disintegration (1595–97) 1227:Did not see any action. 1193: 496:[nàɰ̃da̰bəjɪ̀ɰ̃] 5078:Brief revival (1550–52) 3602:Lieberman 2003: 159–164 3554:Htin Aung 1967: 133–134 3235:Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 84 3149:Lieberman 2003: 155–156 3131:946 ME = 24 April 1584 2976:Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 73 2730:Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 109 2721:Lieberman 2003: 154–155 2705:Lieberman 2003: 154–156 2350:) in the reign of King 2322:Minkhaung II of Toungoo 1103:Childhood and education 557:that seized the entire 540:The eldest son of King 381:Minye Kyawswa II of Ava 261:Maha Ouparat (1581–88) 3805:. London: Susil Gupta. 3675:Aung-Thwin, Michael A. 3637:Aung-Thwin, Michael A. 2060:5. Khin Pu (daughter) 1987: 1798:Fall of Toungoo Empire 1772: 1729:on 28 February 1589. 1708:Interlude II (1587–90) 1629:Maha Thammarachathirat 1506: 633:Ancestry of King Nanda 456:This article contains 287:Tuesday, Full moon of 219:Maha Thammarachathirat 4955:Mahadhammaraza Dipadi 3814:. SEAP Publications. 3446:Fernquest 2005: 56–57 2358:, The Arakanese King 2070:Thado Dhamma Yaza III 1985: 1770: 1723:Thado Dhamma Yaza III 1647:Interlude I (1584–86) 1492: 1300:2 cavalry battalions 391:Thado Dhamma Yaza III 5069:Mongol vassal (1297) 4977:Smim Htaw Buddhaketi 4461:1287–1539, 1550–1552 3846:Rakhine Razawin Thit 3763:Lieberman, Victor B. 2904:Phayre 1967: 114–115 2693:Harvey 1925: 182–183 2677:Harvey 1925: 181–182 2330:Thado Dhamma Yaza II 2179:4. Minye Aung Naing 1950:of King Bayinnaung. 1522:Kanbawzathadi Palace 1445:Mohnyin and Mogaung 1416:Mohnyin and Mogaung 1172:Thado Dhamma Yaza II 535:First Toungoo Empire 226:Suzerain of Lan Xang 5066:Regent or Co-Regent 4457:Hanthawaddy Kingdom 3886:. Scarecrow Press. 3581:Htin Aung 1967: 134 3455:Stuart-Fox 2008: 38 3364:Lieberman 2003: 156 3097:Htin Aung 1967: 129 2994:Tarling 1999: 72–73 2985:Lieberman 2003: 152 2655:Lieberman 2003: 161 2328:, the daughter of 2007:, daughter of King 1794:time in 30 years." 1532:State of the empire 1528:his heir-apparent. 1174:, Minkhaung II and 1139:) by Tabinshwehti. 1000:14. Saopha of Mobye 825:11. <unnamed> 614:and nephew of King 4721:Muni Thudhammaraza 4389:Kale Kye-Taung Nyo 4337:Minbyauk Thihapate 4141:Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu 3741:A History of Burma 3432:Fernquest 2005: 47 3003:Lieberman 2003: 35 2356:Maung Daw Saw Phyu 2336:Maung Daw Saw Phyu 2297:11. Khin Shwe Nan 2218:6. Loutsathouttha 2196:5. Minye Hla Kyaw 2109:1. Min Yan Hnaung 2029:Hanthawaddy Mibaya 2005:Hanthawaddy Mibaya 1988: 1773: 1691:heavily fortified 1571:Initial rebellions 1507: 886:12. Maha Thinkhaya 439:Theravada Buddhism 335:Hanthawaddy Mibaya 273:Vorapita (1596–99) 143:10 October 1581 – 134:Suzerain of Lan Na 5088: 5087: 4766:Sanda Thuriya III 4519:Binnya Dhammaraza 4196:Naratheinga Uzana 4136:Nyaung-u Sawrahan 4056: 4055: 4047:Succeeded by 4015:Succeeded by 3951:978-0-300-08475-7 3812:The Nan Chronicle 3776:978-0-521-80496-7 3688:978-1-86189-901-9 3639:(November 1996). 3352:Wyatt 2003: 88–89 2538:, 12th waxing of 2310: 2309: 2269:9. Mintha Ekathu 2255:8. Ne Myo Dathta 2090: 2089: 1888:, and his father 1674:Nga-zu Dayaka Min 1667:Minye Thihathu II 1473: 1472: 1213:Guarded Toungoo. 1197:Troops commanded 1099: 1098: 1095: 1094: 600:Kyawhtin Nawrahta 513: 464:rendering support 444: 443: 5128: 4997: 4992:Konbaung dynasty 4970: 4878: 4841: 4756:Sanda Thuriya II 4584: 4462: 4352: 4300: 4235: 4109: 4096:Burmese monarchs 4094: 4093: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4059: 4058: 4030:Preceded by 3994:Preceded by 3984: 3983:30 November 1600 3977: 3959: 3958: 3955: 3936: 3916: 3897: 3878: 3859: 3850: 3839: 3825: 3806: 3803:History of Burma 3794: 3780: 3758: 3744: 3737:Htin Aung, Maung 3732: 3720: 3702: 3692: 3670: 3660: 3624: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3603: 3600: 3591: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3564: 3561: 3555: 3552: 3546: 3543: 3537: 3530: 3524: 3521: 3510: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3483: 3482:Phayre 1967: 122 3480: 3474: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3433: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3390: 3387: 3381: 3371: 3365: 3362: 3353: 3350: 3341: 3338: 3327: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3306: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3248: 3247:Harvey 1925: 334 3245: 3236: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3218: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3200: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3173: 3172:Phayre 1967: 121 3170: 3159: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3116: 3107: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3077: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3055: 3045: 3039: 3036: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3017:Harvey 1925: 181 3015: 3004: 3001: 2995: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2958:Harvey 1925: 151 2956: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2905: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2887: 2884: 2878: 2875: 2869: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2842: 2839: 2833: 2830: 2824: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2758: 2755: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2706: 2703: 2694: 2691: 2678: 2675: 2656: 2653: 2642: 2639: 2623: 2614: 2608: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2553: 2547: 2532: 2526: 2503: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2464: 2458: 2454: 2448: 2412: 2406: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2384: 2381: 2095: 2064:Minye Kyawswa II 2014: 1964:Yaza Datu Kalaya 1901:April [ 1777:Tenasserim coast 1727:Viceroy of Prome 1715:Minye Kyawswa II 1681: 1680: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1165:Military service 1138: 1137: 1136: 1125:campaign in Siam 1122: 1121: 1120: 941:13. Min Hla Nyet 850:Zeya Thiha Nanda 639: 638: 630: 629: 559:Tenasserim coast 555:Siamese invasion 520: 508: 506: 498: 493: 489: 470: instead of 452: 451: 371: 285:9 November 1535 183:Suzerain of Siam 146: 30: 29: 28: 19: 18: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5058: 4995: 4994: 4986: 4968: 4967: 4959: 4950:Taninganway Min 4876: 4875: 4873:Toungoo dynasty 4867: 4839: 4838: 4830: 4816:Sanda Wimala II 4726:Sanda Thuriya I 4716:Wara Dhammaraza 4706:Sanda Thudhamma 4686:Thiri Thudhamma 4582: 4581: 4579:Mrauk U Kingdom 4573: 4460: 4459: 4451: 4399:Minye Kyawswa I 4350: 4349: 4341: 4298: 4297: 4295:Sagaing Kingdom 4289: 4233: 4232: 4220: 4107: 4106: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4052: 4043: 4035: 4020: 4007: 3999: 3978: 3976:9 November 1535 3972: 3971: 3968:Toungoo dynasty 3964: 3952: 3913: 3894: 3875: 3835:Hmannan Yazawin 3822: 3777: 3700: 3689: 3658:10.2307/2646527 3632: 3627: 3622: 3618: 3613: 3606: 3601: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3309: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3176: 3171: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3080: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2709: 2704: 2697: 2692: 2681: 2676: 2659: 2654: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2626: 2615: 2611: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2580: 2576: 2567: 2563: 2554: 2550: 2533: 2529: 2523:Hmannan Yazawin 2514:Hmannan Yazawin 2504: 2500: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2473: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2451: 2413: 2409: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2237:7. Minye Thiha 2199:Min Sanda ( né 2149:Haeng Kawn Sang 2079:Thiri Yaza Dewi 2067: 2061: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2044: 2001: 1980: 1956: 1954:Exile and death 1927: 1925:Fall from power 1861: 1844: 1838: 1809: 1800: 1765: 1740: 1735: 1733:Final campaigns 1710: 1688: 1662:governor of Ava 1649: 1625: 1619: 1595: 1578: 1573: 1564: 1534: 1512: 1487: 1478: 1299: 1184: 1167: 1150: 1145: 1134: 1118: 1105: 1100: 770:10. Kywesit Min 656:8. Taungkha Min 592: 587: 527:Toungoo dynasty 491: 477: 476: 475: 462:Without proper 453: 449: 393: 388: 383: 378: 368:among others... 365: 364: 352: 350:Thiri Yaza Dewi 347: 342: 337: 325: 322: 321:1 December 1600 310: 308: 295: 286: 272: 267: 262: 176:Nawrahta Minsaw 128:Binnya Kyanhtaw 100:15 October 1581 82: 45: 44: 43: 26: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5134: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5070: 5067: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5000: 4998: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4973: 4971: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4940:Minye Kyawhtin 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4881: 4879: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4844: 4842: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4821:Sanda Thaditha 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4751:Sanda Wimala I 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4587: 4585: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4425: 4420: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4355: 4353: 4347:Kingdom of Ava 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4238: 4236: 4230:Pinya Kingdoms 4222: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4110: 4100: 4099: 4085: 4084: 4077: 4070: 4062: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4045: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4013: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3990: 3989:Regnal titles 3986: 3985: 3965: 3962: 3957: 3956: 3950: 3937: 3917: 3911: 3898: 3892: 3879: 3873: 3860: 3851: 3840: 3826: 3820: 3807: 3795: 3781: 3775: 3759: 3745: 3733: 3721: 3693: 3687: 3671: 3651:(4): 881–901. 3631: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3616: 3604: 3592: 3583: 3574: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3538: 3525: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3475: 3466: 3457: 3448: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3391: 3382: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3328: 3319: 3307: 3294: 3285: 3276: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3237: 3228: 3219: 3210: 3201: 3188: 3174: 3160: 3151: 3142: 3133: 3120: 3108: 3099: 3090: 3078: 3065: 3056: 3040: 3028: 3019: 3005: 2996: 2987: 2978: 2969: 2960: 2951: 2942: 2933: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2897: 2888: 2879: 2870: 2861: 2852: 2843: 2834: 2825: 2816: 2807: 2798: 2789: 2777: 2768: 2759: 2750: 2741: 2732: 2723: 2707: 2695: 2679: 2657: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2609: 2596: 2587: 2574: 2561: 2548: 2527: 2498: 2488: 2459: 2449: 2445:Mobye Narapati 2407: 2394: 2385: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2364:Bohmong Htaung 2326:Min Taya Medaw 2308: 2307: 2304: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2230: 2229:(Thao Hso Su) 2223:Nang Soeng Tai 2219: 2215: 2214: 2208: 2207:(Thao Hso Su) 2201:Nang Soeng Tai 2197: 2193: 2192: 2186: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2156: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2130: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2056:Khin Ma Hnaung 2034: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2000: 1997: 1979: 1976: 1955: 1952: 1926: 1923: 1860: 1857: 1837: 1834: 1808: 1805: 1799: 1796: 1764: 1761: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1709: 1706: 1687: 1684: 1679:ငါးဆူဒါယကာမင်း 1656:, son of King 1648: 1645: 1618: 1615: 1594: 1591: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1563: 1560: 1545:The historian 1533: 1530: 1511: 1508: 1486: 1483: 1477: 1476:Administration 1474: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1259:Guarded Pegu. 1257: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1246: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1166: 1163: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1135:မင်းရဲကျော်စွာ 1104: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 998: 995: 994: 991: 990: 988: 986: 984: 982: 980: 977: 976: 974: 971: 970: 968: 962: 959: 958: 955: 954: 952: 949: 948: 946: 943: 942: 939: 936: 935: 932: 931: 929: 927: 925: 922: 921: 919: 916: 915: 913: 907: 904: 903: 900: 899: 897: 894: 893: 891: 888: 887: 884: 881: 880: 877: 876: 874: 872: 870: 868: 866: 864: 862: 859: 858: 855: 854: 852: 846: 843: 842: 839: 838: 836: 833: 832: 830: 827: 826: 823: 820: 819: 816: 815: 813: 811: 809: 806: 805: 803: 800: 799: 797: 791: 788: 787: 784: 783: 781: 778: 777: 775: 772: 771: 768: 765: 764: 761: 760: 758: 756: 754: 752: 750: 747: 746: 744: 741: 740: 738: 732: 729: 728: 725: 724: 722: 719: 718: 716: 713: 712: 711:9. Kayenawaddy 709: 706: 705: 702: 701: 699: 697: 695: 692: 691: 689: 686: 685: 683: 677: 674: 673: 670: 669: 667: 664: 663: 661: 658: 657: 654: 652: 650: 648: 646: 644: 642: 635: 634: 628: 591: 588: 586: 583: 472:Burmese script 466:, you may see 458:Burmese script 454: 447: 446: 445: 442: 441: 436: 432: 431: 430:aka Thakin Gyi 425: 421: 420: 415: 411: 410: 405: 399: 398: 386:Khin Ma Hnaung 372: 358: 357: 355:Min Taya Medaw 331: 327: 326: 324:Toungoo Palace 323: 319: 315: 314: 305: 301: 300: 283: 279: 278: 275: 274: 259: 255: 254: 253:Disestablished 251: 247: 246: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 222: 221: 216: 212: 211: 210:Disestablished 208: 204: 203: 198: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 141: 137: 136: 130: 129: 126: 125:Chief Minister 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 98: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 81: 80: 74: 68: 62: 52: 38: 37: 36: 35: 32: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5133: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4837: 4836:Prome Kingdom 4833: 4827: 4826:Maha Thammada 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4811:Sanda Thumana 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4771:Naradipati II 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4711:Thiri Thuriya 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4554:Binnya Ran II 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4458: 4454: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4418:Thihathura II 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4394:Mohnyin Thado 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4211:Narathihapate 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4105: 4104:Pagan dynasty 4101: 4097: 4092: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4071: 4069: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4041: 4034: 4028: 4025:Royal titles 4023: 4019: 4011: 4006: 4005: 4004:King of Burma 3998: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3975: 3970: 3969: 3960: 3953: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3912:9780521663700 3908: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3893:9780810864115 3889: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3874:9780700715312 3870: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3821:9780877277156 3817: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3725:Harvey, G. E. 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3620: 3611: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3587: 3578: 3569: 3560: 3551: 3542: 3535: 3529: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3429: 3420: 3411: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3386: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3361: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3323: 3314: 3312: 3304: 3298: 3289: 3280: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3244: 3242: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3198: 3192: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3130: 3124: 3115: 3113: 3103: 3094: 3085: 3083: 3075: 3069: 3060: 3054: 3050: 3044: 3035: 3033: 3023: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3000: 2991: 2982: 2973: 2964: 2955: 2946: 2937: 2928: 2919: 2910: 2901: 2892: 2883: 2874: 2865: 2856: 2847: 2838: 2829: 2820: 2811: 2802: 2793: 2784: 2782: 2772: 2763: 2754: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2638: 2634: 2620: 2613: 2606: 2605:Nan Chronicle 2600: 2591: 2584: 2578: 2571: 2565: 2558: 2552: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2509: 2502: 2492: 2469: 2463: 2453: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2435:was a Burman 2434: 2433:Mohnyin Thado 2430: 2429:Shan brothers 2425: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2404: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2376: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2190:Nyaungyan Min 2187: 2185: 2184:Saw Lagun Ein 2181: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2168:Nyaungyan Min 2165: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2065: 2057: 2051: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2006: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1881:Setthathirath 1878: 1877:Nokeo Koumane 1873: 1871: 1867: 1856: 1854: 1848: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1825: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1804: 1803:under siege. 1795: 1791: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1769: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1719:Sen Soulintha 1716: 1705: 1702: 1697: 1694: 1683: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1568: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1540: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1482: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1407:11 regiments 1406: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1316: 1314:10 regiments 1313: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1298:10 regiments 1297: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1189: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1143:Heir-apparent 1140: 1130: 1129:Minye Kyawswa 1126: 1114: 1110: 1091: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1055:15. (unnamed) 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1003: 997: 996: 993: 992: 979: 978: 973: 972: 967: 961: 960: 957: 956: 951: 950: 945: 944: 938: 937: 934: 933: 924: 923: 918: 917: 912: 906: 905: 902: 901: 896: 895: 890: 889: 883: 882: 879: 878: 861: 860: 857: 856: 851: 845: 844: 841: 840: 835: 834: 829: 828: 822: 821: 818: 817: 808: 807: 802: 801: 796: 795:Shin Myo Myat 790: 789: 786: 785: 780: 779: 774: 773: 767: 766: 763: 762: 749: 748: 743: 742: 737: 731: 730: 727: 726: 721: 720: 715: 714: 708: 707: 704: 703: 694: 693: 688: 687: 682: 676: 675: 672: 671: 666: 665: 660: 659: 653: 641: 640: 637: 636: 632: 631: 627: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 582: 580: 574: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 543: 538: 536: 532: 528: 524: 519: 518: 517:Nantha Bureng 511: 502: 497: 485: 481: 473: 469: 465: 461: 459: 440: 437: 433: 429: 426: 422: 419: 416: 412: 409: 406: 404: 400: 397: 396:Maung Saw Pru 392: 387: 382: 377: 373: 370: 369: 363: 359: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 332: 328: 320: 316: 313: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 284: 280: 276: 270: 269:Nokeo Koumane 265: 264:Sen Soulintha 260: 256: 252: 248: 245: 242: 238: 234: 230: 227: 223: 220: 217: 213: 209: 205: 202: 199: 195: 191: 187: 184: 180: 177: 174: 170: 167: 164: 160: 157: 154: 150: 147:February 1597 142: 138: 135: 131: 127: 123: 120: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 99: 97: 93: 89: 85: 78: 75: 72: 69: 66: 63: 60: 56: 53: 50: 47: 46: 42:and dominions 41: 40:King of Burma 33: 20: 4915:Minye Deibba 4899: 4890:Tabinshwehti 4848:Thado Minsaw 4801:Sanda Parama 4781:Sanda Wizala 4761:Sanda Wizaya 4564:Smim Sawhtut 4539:Leik Munhtaw 4524:Binnya Ran I 4499:Binnya E Law 4442:Narapati III 4414:Minkhaung II 4359:Thado Minbya 4327:Anawrahta II 4246:Yazathingyan 4181:Naratheinkha 4038: 4002: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3963:Nanda Bayin 3941: 3924: 3902: 3883: 3864: 3855: 3845: 3834: 3811: 3802: 3790:Yazawin Thit 3788: 3766: 3754:Maha Yazawin 3753: 3740: 3728: 3708: 3704: 3678: 3648: 3644: 3630:Bibliography 3619: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3550: 3541: 3528: 3505: 3496: 3487: 3478: 3469: 3460: 3451: 3428: 3419: 3410: 3385: 3369: 3322: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3231: 3222: 3213: 3204: 3191: 3154: 3145: 3136: 3123: 3102: 3093: 3068: 3059: 3043: 3022: 2999: 2990: 2981: 2972: 2963: 2954: 2945: 2936: 2927: 2918: 2909: 2900: 2891: 2882: 2873: 2864: 2855: 2846: 2837: 2828: 2819: 2810: 2801: 2792: 2771: 2762: 2753: 2744: 2735: 2726: 2637: 2612: 2604: 2599: 2590: 2577: 2564: 2551: 2543: 2535: 2530: 2522: 2519:Maha Yazawin 2518: 2512: 2508:Maha Yazawin 2506: 2501: 2491: 2467: 2462: 2452: 2436: 2424:Shin Mi-Nauk 2410: 2405:'s ancestry. 2397: 2388: 2379: 2333: 2311: 2222: 2200: 2158:Son, Gov.of 2153:Hso Kyaw Hpa 2152: 2151:daughter of 2148: 2138:Natshinnaung 2132:Son Gov. of 2091: 2045: 2038:Minkhaung II 2009:Tabinshwehti 2002: 1993: 1989: 1968: 1960:Natshinnaung 1957: 1948:Grand Palace 1940: 1928: 1911: 1895: 1874: 1866:Natshinnaung 1862: 1849: 1845: 1826: 1822: 1810: 1801: 1792: 1785: 1774: 1757: 1751: 1749: 1745:Natshinnaung 1741: 1711: 1698: 1689: 1673: 1671: 1658:Tabinshwehti 1650: 1626: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1579: 1565: 1552:Min Phalaung 1544: 1535: 1515: 1513: 1479: 1264:Shan states 1176:Thado Minsaw 1168: 1155:Minkhaung II 1151: 1128: 1112: 1106: 849: 616:Tabinshwehti 598:and General 593: 575: 571:Natshinnaung 539: 516: 479: 478: 455: 366: 22:Nanda Bayin 5116:1600 deaths 5111:1535 births 5039:Tharrawaddy 5014:Hsinbyushin 5009:Naungdawgyi 4982:Binnya Dala 4910:Anaukpetlun 4601:Ba Saw Phyu 4534:Binnya Kyan 4529:Binnya Waru 4447:Narapati IV 4423:Narapati II 4374:Minkhaung I 4317:Anawrahta I 3933:2433/173789 2416:Yadana Dewi 2360:Min Razagyi 2243:Son Gov.of 2221:Min Sanda ( 2210:Son Gov.of 1641:Chao Phraya 1617:Siam (1584) 1562:Futile wars 1547:G.E. Harvey 1485:Early reign 1365:Chiang Saen 1243:Ava Kingdom 1224:1 regiment 1025:Yadana Dewi 966:Atula Thiri 620:Inwa Mibaya 480:Nanda Bayin 428:Atula Thiri 240:Predecessor 197:Predecessor 152:Predecessor 105:Predecessor 59:Shan states 5095:Categories 5004:Alaungpaya 4895:Bayinnaung 4885:Mingyi Nyo 4853:Bayin Htwe 4791:Nara Apaya 4776:Narapawara 4746:Naradipati 4741:Kalamandat 4621:Salingathu 4611:Ba Saw Nyo 4549:Dhammazedi 4544:Shin Sawbu 4409:Thihathura 4404:Narapati I 4364:Swa Saw Ke 4332:Tarabya II 4275:Kyawswa II 4242:Athinkhaya 4191:Htilominlo 4166:Kyansittha 4050:Mingyi Swa 4033:Bayinnaung 3997:Bayinnaung 3785:Maha Sithu 3303:Tazaungmon 3049:Thadingyut 2630:References 2619:Thadingyut 2583:Tazaungmon 2468:8th waxing 2403:Mingyi Nyo 2288:Bayinnaung 2050:Mingyi Swa 1886:Vorawongsa 1840:See also: 1788:Suphanburi 1621:See also: 1593:Ava (1584) 1526:Mingyi Swa 1517:Cakkavatti 1113:Zeya Thiha 911:Mingyi Nyo 736:Bayinnaung 681:Mingyi Swe 612:Mingyi Nyo 596:Thakin Gyi 585:Early life 542:Bayinnaung 492:pronounced 418:Bayinnaung 376:Mingyi Swa 289:Tazaungmon 271:(1591–95) 266:(1588–91) 244:Bayinnaung 201:Bayinnaung 156:Bayinnaung 109:Bayinnaung 96:Coronation 5075:(1527–55) 5029:Bodawpaya 4996:1752–1885 4969:1740–1757 4945:Sanay Min 4905:Nyaungyan 4877:1510–1752 4863:Minkhaung 4840:1482–1542 4736:Mayuppiya 4646:Minkhaung 4583:1429–1785 4569:Smim Htaw 4559:Takayutpi 4514:Razadarit 4509:Maha Dewi 4437:Hkonmaing 4432:Thohanbwa 4351:1364–1555 4312:Tarabya I 4299:1315–1364 4270:Kyawswa I 4234:1297–1364 4226:Myinsaing 4156:Anawrahta 4018:Nyaungyan 3832:(2003) . 3801:(1967) . 3751:(2006) . 3717:1479-8484 2536:Wednesday 2478:) and 8 ( 2441:Hkonmaing 2306:Daughter 2292:Daughter 2274:Smim Htaw 2260:Smim Htaw 2247:in reign 2232:Daughter 2162:in reign 2134:Myinsaing 1919:Yan Naing 1898:Nyaungyan 1701:Ayutthaya 1654:Min Letya 1510:Accession 1460:Lan Xang 1431:Lan Xang 1401:Lan Xang 1372:Lan Xang 1347:Sukhothai 1194:Duration 1191:Campaign 1148:Accession 505:นันทบุเรง 488:နန္ဒဘုရင် 299:(Taungoo) 250:Successor 207:Successor 162:Successor 119:Nyaungyan 115:Successor 79:(1581–93) 73:(1581–95) 67:(1581–97) 61:(1581–97) 51:(1581–99) 27:နန္ဒဘုရင် 5034:Bagyidaw 5024:Phaungka 4935:Narawara 4858:Narapati 4796:Thirithu 4731:Nawrahta 4696:Narapati 4681:Khamaung 4671:Phalaung 4631:Gazapati 4616:Ran Aung 4504:Binnya U 4489:Zein Pun 4484:Saw Zein 4474:Hkun Law 4379:Thihathu 4285:Uzana II 4255:Thihathu 4250:Thihathu 4186:Sithu II 4131:Theinhko 4108:849–1297 3923:(1985). 3921:Than Tun 3765:(2003). 3739:(1967). 3727:(1925). 2622:capital. 2420:Thihathu 2318:Min Htwe 2314:Min Phyu 2172:Thanlyin 1890:Vorapita 1830:Moulmein 1781:Martaban 1637:Martaban 1633:Naresuan 1499:Cambodia 1463:1579–80 1419:1571–72 1404:1569–70 1390:1568–69 1375:1564–65 1339:1563–64 1253:1554–55 590:Ancestry 579:Konbaung 435:Religion 345:Min Htwe 340:Min Phyu 166:Naresuan 4925:Pindale 4786:Madarit 4676:Razagyi 4661:Saw Hla 4651:Min Bin 4641:Thazata 4591:Saw Mon 4384:Min Hla 4369:Tarabya 4307:Saw Yun 4280:Narathu 4260:Uzana I 4216:Kyawswa 4176:Narathu 4171:Sithu I 4151:Sokkate 4116:Pyinbya 3749:Kala, U 3667:2646527 2366:in 1600 2344:Toungoo 2302:Bya San 2160:Toungoo 2101:Mother 2042:Toungoo 1693:Lampang 1586:Baoshan 1466:22,000 1437:11,000 1422:12,000 1393:11,000 1378:24,000 1360:12,000 1354:Lan Na 1342:14,000 1328:12,000 1292:Lan Na 1270:12,000 1238:14,000 1119:ဇေယျသီဟ 563:Toungoo 512:: 484:Burmese 408:Toungoo 312:Toungoo 297:Toungoo 77:Manipur 65:Toungoo 5054:Thibaw 5049:Mindon 4920:Thalun 4666:Sekkya 4656:Dikkha 4606:Dawlya 4469:Wareru 4428:Sawlon 4322:Kyaswa 4201:Kyaswa 4161:Saw Lu 4121:Tannet 3979: 3948: 3909: 3890: 3871: 3818: 3773: 3715: 3685: 3665: 3534:Pyatho 2570:Pyatho 2544:Sunday 2437:saopha 2324:) and 2104:Brief 2023:Issue 2017:Queen 1999:Family 1978:Legacy 1932:Syriam 1870:Pakhan 1814:Hmawbi 1752:saopha 1607:Tada-U 1582:Dehong 1556:Arakan 1503:Cachar 1451:7,000 1205:Prome 1200:Notes 567:Arakan 424:Mother 414:Father 330:Spouse 318:Burial 5044:Pagan 5019:Singu 4900:Nanda 4806:Apaya 4701:Thado 4691:Sanay 4636:Saw O 4596:Khayi 4494:Saw E 4479:Saw O 4265:Sithu 4206:Uzana 4146:Kyiso 3981:Died: 3974:Born: 3711:(1). 3701:(PDF) 3663:JSTOR 3375:Nadaw 3129:Kason 2540:Nadaw 2371:Notes 2227:Sanda 2212:Myeik 2205:Sanda 2127:Akyaw 2113:Akyaw 2098:Name 2020:Rank 1660:, as 1611:Pinya 1495:Annam 1448:1575 1434:1574 1387:Siam 1357:1564 1336:Siam 1325:1563 1311:1558 1308:Mone 1295:1558 1284:8000 1281:1557 1278:Mone 1267:1557 1235:1553 1221:1552 1218:Pegu 1208:1551 608:Pinya 604:Pagan 531:Burma 403:House 362:Issue 232:Reign 189:Reign 140:Reign 87:Reign 71:Prome 4626:Raza 4430:and 4416:and 4248:and 4228:and 4126:Sale 4010:O.S. 3946:ISBN 3907:ISBN 3888:ISBN 3869:ISBN 3816:ISBN 3771:ISBN 3713:ISSN 3683:ISBN 3197:Waso 3074:Waso 2511:and 2443:and 2348:Pyay 2316:and 2278:Son 2264:Son 2245:Pyay 2118:Son 1971:O.S. 1944:O.S. 1936:O.S. 1915:O.S. 1907:O.S. 1903:O.S. 1853:O.S. 1818:O.S. 1609:and 1584:and 1497:and 1250:Ava 1232:Ava 1159:Dala 1109:Pegu 624:Shan 606:and 565:and 547:Siam 523:O.S. 510:RTGS 501:Thai 304:Died 291:897 282:Born 258:King 215:King 172:King 57:and 49:Pegu 4930:Pye 3929:hdl 3653:doi 2338:) 2068:7. 2062:6. 2054:4. 2048:3. 2040:of 1725:as 1676:" ( 1554:of 1023:7. 964:3. 909:6. 848:1. 793:5. 734:2. 679:4. 529:of 55:Ava 5097:: 4244:, 3707:. 3703:. 3661:. 3649:55 3647:. 3643:. 3607:^ 3595:^ 3514:^ 3437:^ 3394:^ 3379:NS 3357:^ 3345:^ 3331:^ 3310:^ 3240:^ 3177:^ 3163:^ 3111:^ 3081:^ 3053:NS 3031:^ 3008:^ 2780:^ 2710:^ 2698:^ 2682:^ 2660:^ 2646:^ 2559:). 2557:NS 2155:) 1256:? 626:. 573:. 507:, 503:: 499:; 490:, 486:: 394:• 389:• 384:• 379:• 374:• 353:• 348:• 343:• 338:• 333:• 293:ME 145:c. 4081:e 4074:t 4067:v 3954:. 3935:. 3931:: 3915:. 3896:. 3877:. 3824:. 3779:. 3719:. 3709:3 3691:. 3669:. 3655:: 2482:၈ 2474:၅ 1131:( 1115:( 482:( 474:. 460:.

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Index