685:
spreading has a deep impact in the performance of the system, for example in creating the intersymbol interference (ISI) at the receiving nanomachine. In order to detect the concentration-encoded molecular signal two detection methods named sampling-based detection (SD) and energy-based detection (ED) have been proposed. While the SD approach is based on the concentration amplitude of only one sample taken at a suitable time instant during the symbol duration, the ED approach is based on the total accumulated number of molecules received during the entire symbol duration. In order to reduce the impact of ISI a controlled pulse-width based molecular communication scheme has been analysed. The work presented in showed that it is possible to realize multilevel amplitude modulation based on ideal diffusion. A comprehensive study of pulse-based binary and sinus-based, concentration-encoded molecular communication system have also been investigated.
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molecular communication, the molecules propagate through spontaneous diffusion in a fluidic medium. In this case, the molecules can be subject solely to the laws of diffusion or can also be affected by non-predictable turbulence present in the fluidic medium. Pheromonal communication, when pheromones
660:
communication through blood streams inside the human body is an example of this type of propagation. The flow-based propagation can also be realized by using carrier entities whose motion can be constrained on the average along specific paths, despite showing a random component. A good example of
684:
Based on the macroscopic theory of ideal (free) diffusion the impulse response of a unicast molecular communication channel was reported in a paper that identified that the impulse response of the ideal diffusion based molecular communication channel experiences temporal spreading. Such temporal
621:
is defined as the transmission and reception of information by means of molecules. The different molecular communication techniques can be classified according to the type of molecule propagation in walkaway-based, flow-based or diffusion-based communication.
525:
and actuation. Nanonetworks are expected to expand the capabilities of single nanomachines both in terms of complexity and range of operation by allowing them to coordinate, share and fuse information. Nanonetworks enable new applications of
554:
Classical communication paradigms need to be revised for the nanoscale. The two main alternatives for communication in the nanoscale are based either on electromagnetic communication or on molecular communication.
1139:
Moore, M.; Enomoto, A.; Nakano, T.; Egashira, R.; Suda, T.; Kayasuga, A.; Kojima, H.; Sakakibara, H.; Oiwa, K. (March 2006). "A Design of a
Molecular Communication System for Nanomachines Using Molecular Motors".
594:
For the time being, two main alternatives for electromagnetic communication in the nanoscale have been envisioned. First, it has been experimentally demonstrated that is possible to receive and
587:
systems, nano-memories, logical circuitry in the nanoscale and even nano-antennas. From a communication perspective, the unique properties observed in nanomaterials will decide on the specific
1552:
Mahfuz, M.U.; Makrakis, D.; Mouftah, H.T. (15–18 August 2011). "A comprehensive study of concentration-encoded unicast molecular communication with binary pulse transmission".
1326:
1406:
1497:
Mahfuz, M.U.; Makrakis, D.; Mouftah, H.T. (8–11 May 2011). "On the characteristics of concentration-encoded multi-level amplitude modulated unicast molecular communication".
1607:
Mahfuz, M.U.; Makrakis, D.; Mouftah, H.T. (26–29 October 2011). "Transient characterization of concentration-encoded molecular communication with sinusoidal stimulation".
1278:
606:
which is able to decode an amplitude or frequency modulated wave. Second, graphene-based nano-antennas have been analyzed as potential electromagnetic radiators in the
1442:
Mahfuz, M.U.; Makrakis, D.; Mouftah, H.T. (8–11 May 2011). "Characterization of intersymbol interference in concentration-encoded unicast molecular communication".
879:
Bennewitz, R.; Crain, J. N.; Kirakosian, A.; Lin, J.L.; McChesney, J. L.; Petrovykh, D. Y.; Himpsel, F. J. (2002). "Atomic scale memory at a silicon surface".
673:
are released into a fluidic medium, such as air or water, is an example of diffusion-based architecture. Other examples of this kind of transport include
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for emission of electromagnetic radiation, the time lag of the emission, or the magnitude of the emitted power for a given input energy, amongst others.
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Gregori, M.; Akyildiz, Ian F. (May 2010). "A New NanoNetwork
Architecture using Flagellated Bacteria and Catalytic Nanomotors".
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1569:
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45:
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Rutherglen, C.; Burke, P. J. (2009). "Nano-Electromagnetics: Circuit and
Electromagnetic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes".
934:
1123:
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932:
Burke, Peter J.; Li, Shengdong; Yu, Zhen (2006). "Quantitative theory of nanowire and nanotube antenna performance".
758:
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molecular communication, the molecules propagate through pre-defined pathways by using carrier substances, such as
191:
809:
Curtright, A. E.; Bouwman, P. J.; Wartane, R. C.; Swider-Lyons, K. E. (2004). "Power
Sources for Nanotechnology".
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Parcerisa, L.; Akyildiz, Ian F. (November 2009). "Molecular
Communication Options for Long Range Nanonetworks".
1807:
1609:
Proceedings of the 4th
International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies
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Akyildiz, Ian F.; Brunetti, F.; Blazquez, C. (June 2008). "Nanonetworks: A New
Communication Paradigm".
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Proc. 4th
International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing (BIOSIGNALS-2011)
1407:"On the Detection of Binary Concentration-Encoded Unicast Molecular Communication in Nanonetworks"
1334:
Proc. 3rd
International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing (BIOSIGNALS-2010)
1897:
1364:"On the characterization of binary concentration-encoded molecular communication in nanonetworks"
844:
Wang, Z. L. (2008). "Towards Self-Powered
Nanosystems: From Nanogenerators to Nanopiezotronics".
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454:
309:
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148:
134:
23:
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J. M. Jornet and M. Pierobon (November 2011). "Nanonetworks: A New Frontier in Communications".
350:
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466:
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Akyildiz, Ian F.; Jornet, J. M. (June 2010). "Electromagnetic Wireless Nanosensor Networks".
1229:"Ca2+-signaling-based molecular communication systems: design and future research directions"
1081:
Proc. Of EUCAP 2010, Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Barcelona, Spain
576:
444:
412:
375:
267:
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Proc. Fourth Annual IEEE Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications and Workshops
1077:"Graphene-based Nano-antennas for Electromagnetic Nanocommunications in the Terahertz Band"
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Atakan, B.; Akan, O. (June 2010). "Carbon nanotube-based nanoscale ad hoc networks".
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754:
735:
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IEEE P1906.1 Recommended Practice for Nanoscale and Molecular Communication Framework
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have opened the door to a new generation of electronic nanoscale components such as
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P1906.1 – Recommended Practice for Nanoscale and Molecular Communication Framework
1811:
1702:
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1244:
1203:
603:
181:
162:
120:
1854:
Emerging Technical Subcommittee on Nanoscale, Molecular, and Quantum Networking.
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Akyildiz, Ian F.; Jornet, J. M. (December 2010). "The Internet of Nano-Things".
1506:
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IEEE Communications Society Best Readings in Nanoscale Communication Networks
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1616:
1327:"Characterization of Molecular Communication Channel for Nanoscale Networks"
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1873:
A simulation tool for nanoscale biological networks – Elsevier presentation
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1499:
2011 24th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering(CCECE)
1444:
2011 24th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering(CCECE)
857:
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at most in size) which are able to perform only very simple tasks such as
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633:. This type of molecular communication can also be achieved by using
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Mahfuz, M.U.; Makrakis, D.; Mouftah, H.T. (26–29 January 2011).
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Mahfuz, M.U.; Makrakis, D.; Mouftah, H. (20–23 January 2010).
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GRANET Project – Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory
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MONACO Project – Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory
1554:
2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology
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molecular communication, the molecules propagate through
1827:
1661:
994:. In Lakhtakia, Akhlesh; Maksimenko, Sergey A (eds.).
1606:
1551:
1496:
1441:
1404:
1361:
1324:
987:
Burke, Peter J.; Rutherglen, Chris; Yu, Zhen (2006).
563:
This is defined as the transmission and reception of
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applications. Nanoscale communication is defined in
1362:Mahfuz, M.U.; Makrakis, D.; Mouftah, H.T. (2010).
1763:Stack Exchange Page for Q&A on NanoNetworking
1189:
986:
538:research, military technology and industrial and
16:A computing network of nanomachines, at nanoscale
1889:
1157:IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
1154:
773:
1868:Nano Communication Networks (Elsevier) Journal
1715:
1688:
1075:Jornet, J. M.; Akyildiz, Ian F. (April 2010).
1074:
1501:. Niagara Falls, ON. pp. 000312–000316.
1446:. Niagara Falls, ON. pp. 000164–000168.
474:
317:
1114:T. Nakano; A. Eckford; T. Haraguchi (2013).
1556:. Portland, Oregon, USA. pp. 227–232.
549:
1773:Instructions to join P1906.1 Working Group
1647:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1592:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1537:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1482:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1336:. Valencia, Spain: 327–332. Archived from
1271:"The challenge of molecular communication"
1263:
1039:
602:, i.e., an electromechanically resonating
481:
467:
324:
310:
1211:
947:
931:
892:
811:International Journal of Nanotechnology
1890:
1416:. Rome, Italy: 446–449. Archived from
1386:from the original on 24 September 2015
1275:Technology Review (Physics ArXiv Blog)
1226:
598:an electromagnetic wave by means of a
665:long range molecular communications.
1863:IEEE 802.15 Terahertz Interest Group
1802:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
1299:
1281:from the original on 20 January 2021
1095:from the original on 19 January 2018
843:
748:
1878:NanoNetworking Research Group (NRG)
1818:Research on Molecular Communication
935:IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology
652:in a fluidic medium whose flow and
13:
1798:NaNoNetworking Center in Catalunya
1611:. Barcelona, Spain. pp. 1–6.
1251:from the original on 23 April 2024
998:. Vol. 6328. p. 632806.
558:
14:
1919:
1751:
1021:from the original on 10 June 2021
1842:University of California, Irvine
1808:Molecular communication research
1768:Nanoscale Networking in Industry
751:Nanoscale Communication Networks
656:are guided and predictable. The
349:
291:
279:
192:Semiconductor device fabrication
1838:Wiki on Molecular Communication
1709:
1682:
1655:
1600:
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1490:
1435:
1398:
1355:
1318:
1293:
1220:
1183:
1148:
1132:
1107:
1068:
567:from components based on novel
1304:. Princeton University Press.
1118:. Cambridge University Press.
1033:
980:
925:
872:
837:
802:
767:
742:
707:
1:
1804:, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
846:Advanced Functional Materials
700:
220:Scanning tunneling microscope
1828:Intelligence Networking Lab.
1718:IEEE Wireless Communications
1703:10.1016/j.nancom.2010.04.001
1676:10.1016/j.comnet.2008.04.001
1380:10.1016/j.nancom.2011.01.001
1245:10.1016/j.nancom.2017.02.001
1204:10.1016/j.comnet.2009.08.001
1042:IEEE Communications Magazine
613:
197:Semiconductor scale examples
7:
1852:IEEE Communications Society
1691:Nano Communication Networks
1368:Nano Communication Networks
1233:Nano Communication Networks
688:
501:is a set of interconnected
230:Super resolution microscopy
172:Molecular scale electronics
10:
1924:
1507:10.1109/CCECE.2011.6030462
1452:10.1109/CCECE.2011.6030431
989:"Carbon Nanotube Antennas"
911:10.1088/0957-4484/13/4/312
1562:10.1109/NANO.2011.6144554
1054:10.1109/MCOM.2010.5473874
966:10.1109/TNANO.2006.877430
716:Communications of the ACM
571:. Recent advancements in
565:electromagnetic radiation
1730:10.1109/MWC.2010.5675779
1169:10.1109/JSAC.2010.100510
831:10.1504/IJNT.2004.003726
677:among cells, as well as
550:Communication approaches
433:Municipal wireless (MWN)
244:Molecular nanotechnology
144:Self-assembled monolayer
1617:10.1145/2093698.2093712
1302:Random Walks in Biology
1116:Molecular Communication
728:10.1145/2018396.2018417
619:Molecular communication
505:(devices a few hundred
455:Interplanetary Internet
215:Atomic force microscopy
149:Supramolecular assembly
135:Molecular self-assembly
1794:, Atlanta, Georgia, US
1784:, Atlanta, Georgia, US
1227:Barros, M. T. (2017).
858:10.1002/adfm.200800541
788:10.1002/smll.200800527
661:this case is given by
577:molecular electronics
298:Technology portal
268:Molecular engineering
1903:Network architecture
1822:University of Ottawa
1343:on 20 September 2015
749:Bush, S. F. (2010).
177:Molecular logic gate
88:Green nanotechnology
1882:Boğaziçi University
1300:Berg, H.C. (1993).
958:2006ITNan...5..314B
903:2002Nanot..13..499B
823:2004IJNT....1..226C
253:Molecular assembler
225:Electron microscope
1884:, Istanbul, Turkey
428:Metropolitan (MAN)
286:Science portal
154:DNA nanotechnology
1908:Computer networks
1832:Yonsei University
1814:, Toronto, Canada
1670:(12): 2260–2279.
1664:Computer Networks
1571:978-1-4577-1516-7
1516:978-1-4244-9788-1
1461:978-1-4244-9788-1
1198:(16): 2753–2766.
1192:Computer Networks
1004:10.1117/12.678970
852:(22): 3553–3567.
675:calcium signaling
585:energy harvesting
499:nanoscale network
491:
490:
334:
333:
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1844:, California, US
1824:, Ottawa, Canada
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1277:. 28 June 2010.
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764:
753:. Artech House.
746:
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711:
681:among bacteria.
631:molecular motors
483:
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366:Near-field (NFC)
353:
340:Computer network
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263:Mechanosynthesis
121:Carbon nanotubes
19:
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1812:York University
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