944:. Therefore, a character occupied 16 bytes in the ROM (so that 256 characters required a total of 256*16=4Kbytes of character generator storage). Characters were abutted vertically and horizontally on the display and so the design of the characters within the character generator included vertical and horizontal inter-character spacing. On the Nascom 1, all 16 rows of the character were displayed, so that the whole image occupied 16*16=256 rows. On the Nascom 2, the top 12 or 14 rows of the character were displayed (controlled by the setting of a switch/jumper on the main board). The 12-row setting was intended for 525 line displays in 60 Hz geographies and the 14-row setting was intended for 625-line displays in 50 Hz geographies.
852:
860:
913:
905:
957:
34:
948:
circuitry would read incorrect data. On the Nascom 1 this gave rise to white flicker on the screen that was termed "snow". The
International Nascom Microcomputer Club (INMC) published a "snow plough" design that reduced the effect by blanking the video when simultaneous access occurred. The Nascom 2 used a slightly different design but still allowed contention to occur, this time giving rise to black flicker (blanking) on the screen.
514:
947:
The design of the video display required that the CPU and the video circuitry shared access to the video RAM (the CPU had read/write access and the video circuitry had read-only access). If the CPU and the video circuitry accesses the video RAM simultaneously, the CPU was given priority and the video
891:
The Nascom 1 used a 16-pin IC-style DIL socket at each end of the connection from the keyboard to the computer main board. The Nascom 2 used a 0.1" 2x8 male header (16 pins total) at each end. In each case, the connectors use the same physical ordering of signals but the pin numbers do not correspond
975:
The Nascom 1 provided two 24-pin 0.6"-pitch DIL sockets for ROM memory, each wired to accept a 2708 1 KB device. The first monitor program on the Nascom 1 was named NAS-BUG and was supplied as a single 1 KB 2708 EPROM. This was superseded by NAS-BUG T2. All later versions of the monitor were 2 KB in
932:
The Nascom 1 used a MCM6576P character generator to display 128 characters (bit 7 of the memory was ignored). The Nascom 2 used an identical character set but implemented it in a ROM that was footprint compatible with a 2716 2Kbyte device. The Nascom 2 allowed a second 2Kbyte character generator ROM
924:
Scrolling was implemented under software control. Due to an idiosyncrasy of the video memory decoding on the Nascom 1 (which was then retained on the Nascom 2), the lines were decoded discontiguously, with the top line of the display being the 16th region of memory. The top line was not scrolled,
1096:
NAS-BUS was initially proprietary but quickly superseded by the 80-bus. The standard size for these cards was 8"x8" in order to fit in a "standard" 8" rack. However, some boards were produced in other sizes. Other manufacturers (including Gemini and MAP80 Systems) produced their own 80-bus CPU
979:
The Nascom 2 provided one 24-pin 0.6"-pitch DIL socket for ROM memory (other sockets on the Nascom 2 board could also be configured to accommodate ROMs), wired to accept a 5V 2716 2 KB device. Nascom 2 kits were initially provided with NAS-SYS 1 in masked ROM (the photo shows that at least two
430:
Then, Nascom were hit by a shortage of Mostek MK4118 1Kx8 RAM devices. 10 devices were required per Nascom 2 (1 each for video RAM and workspace RAM respectively, 8 for user RAM) but Nascom were only able to source 5,000 parts. By
November 1979 Nascom had decided to relaunch the product with a
331:
seminar at
Imperial College and met Phil Pitman. Pitman was the marketing manager for Mostek, which had recently become a second source for Zilog's Z80 processor. Pitman put Marshall in touch with a design consultant named Chris Shelton and, in the spring of 1977, Marshall commissioned Shelton
1092:
Nascom defined an expansion bus, named NAS-BUS, allowing many other cards to be added to the Nascom. The Nascom 1 required a buffer board to generate the NAS-BUS; the buffer board was connected to a 43-way (42-way plus polarising slot) 0.1" pitch tinned edge connector on its PCB. The Nascom 2
631:
The Nascom 1 used DIL sockets for making external connections. The photo shows 4 sockets, used for keyboard, serial (cassette and/or teletype/printer), PIO port A, PIO port B. The small "daughterboard" is a home-made implementation of the "snow plough" circuit referred to below.
442:
On 23 May 1980, Nascom reported that it had asked
Grovewood Securities Ltd to appoint a receiver after it had been unable to secure further investment. Grovewood appointed Messrs Cork Gully, and Marshall resigned from the company to start a new business, Gemini Computers.
305:
The history of Nascom starts with the history of John A. Marshall. Marshall was the "& Son" of "A Marshall & Son (London) Ltd", an electronic component retailer whose adverts were a regular feature in hobby electronics magazines from as early as 1967.
878:. The frame improves reliability by preventing the force of repeated keystrokes from being transmitted to the solder joints that connect the key switches to the PCB. A separate, conventional, key switch was provided on the keyboard for hardware reset.
602:
A reset-jump circuit that allowed the Z80-CPU to start execution from any 4-Kbyte boundary after reset (the Z80-CPU usually fetches from address 0 after reset). This allowed, for example, control to be passed straight to the BASIC interpreter after
566:
The I/O address map was common between the Nascom 1 and Nascom 2 designs, and the memory address map of the Nascom 2 was a superset of the Nascom 1 memory address map; this allowed a high degree of software compatibility between the two machines.
360:
magazine and the Nascom 1 was the cover photograph for that issue (though not with the final keyboard). An article in that issue by K. S. Borland (another director of Nasco Sales Ltd) described the origins and history of the Nascom 1 design.
364:
In
January 1978, the Lynx Electronics advert in Practical Electronics listed the Nascom 1 in addition to their traditional list of electronic components. By February 1978 and thereafter the whole of their advert was devoted to the Nascom 1.
920:
The display of the Nascom 1 and 2 was memory-mapped and consisted of 16 rows of 48 characters. Each row of characters used 64 consecutive memory locations; the extra 16 characters in each line were "hidden" by the video blanking circuitry.
155:. To minimize cost, the buyer had to assemble a Nascom by hand-soldering about 3,000 joints on the single circuit board. Later on, a pre-built, cased machine named Nascom 3 was available; this used the Nascom 2 board.
884:
The Nascom 2 keyboard was designed to be mounted at an angle; it had angled key-caps which were horizontal when the keyboard itself was mounted at an angle. The key-caps on the Nascom 1 were not angled (see photo).
349:. Tickets cost £3.50 and hosting the event on a Saturday pitched it at an amateur/hobbyist rather than a professional audience. The event included a raffle for a Nascom 1 computer kit. About 550 people attended the
1101:
used several to continuously monitor thickness gauges attached to plastic sheet production lines. An 80-bus compatible network card enabled both Nascom and Gemini computers to be used in office environments.
559:
Circuitry decoded on IO port 0 to control a software-scanned keyboard, to drive a LED ("DRIVE") and to generate a timed non-maskable interrupt (NMI) that was used to provide a hardware single-step capability
895:
Both Nascom 1 and Nascom 2 main boards had connections to the keyboard connectors that were unused on the keyboard. On the Nascom 2, this included a connection to the /NMI (non-maskable interrupt) signal.
489:
The Nascom 1 and Nascom 2 were supplied with full documentation including circuit schematics, construction guide, datasheets for some components and assembly listing for the ROM monitor. An annotated
724:
On an unexpanded system, these 8 ports were repeated through the whole of the I/O address space. On an expanded system, the bus signal /NASIO allowed control of the I/O address space.
1504:
1397:
439:. This arrangement only required 2 MK4118 devices, allowing Nascom to ship 2,500 systems. By December 1979, PCW reported that the first deliveries of the Nascom 2 were going out.
871:(induction transformer) key switches in a matrix arrangement which was scanned under software control. The keys were mounted in a metal frame that was riveted to a single-sided
1615:
1467:
1339:
1302:
1247:
1210:
881:
The Nascom 1 had 47 keys. The Nascom 2 had 10 additional keys (GRAPH, which toggled bit 7, CTRL, a second SHIFT key, 4 cursor direction keys, LF/CH and keys for ).
1847:
338:
By July 1977, monthly magazine adverts by Lynx
Electronics were starting to hint about a microprocessor seminar in the autumn and a forthcoming computer product.
335:
Most of the details of the Nascom design were described in a series of articles by Pitman that appeared in
Wireless World between November 1977 and January 1979.
545:(or equivalent) that could be used either to communicate with a serial device (e.g. RS232 terminal or printer) or to save and load data using a domestic compact
1912:
1876:
1810:
1692:
1655:
1578:
933:(or EPROM) to be fitted (approximate price £20 in 1980) . The so-called NAS-GRA ROM was used to display characters with the byte codes 0x80–0xFF. The built-in
478:
In a retrospective published in May 1989, Marshall claimed that, by May 1980, Nascom had shipped over 35,000 Nascom 1 and Nascom 2 systems, all in kit form.
313:. He was also connected with a company called Lynx Electronics (London) Ltd. which had been a regular advertiser in the hobby electronics press since 1976.
1173:
613:
sockets. Each group could be configured to accommodate 1Kx8 ROM or RAM devices and decoded at a start address of 0x1000, 0x2000, 0xB000, 0xC000 or 0xD000.
1970:
1541:
2081:
980:
date-codes exist for these ROMs). NAS-SYS 1 was the only Nascom monitor ROM to be supplied as masked ROM; all other versions were supplied as EPROMs.
2209:
1097:
boards, which allowed an entire non-Nascom system to be built. Gemini 80-bus systems were, for a while, used as an industrial process controller.
2214:
2145:
467:
published a letter from Lucas Nascom stating that, while the Nascom 1 had been discontinued, the Nascom 2 and Nascom 3 were still in production.
409:
By
January 1979, Lynx Electronics had appointed multiple dealers in the UK and were advertising as Nascom Microcomputers, with the "nm" logo.
1493:
1386:
976:
size and so occupied both ROM sockets. The 2 KB monitors were BBUG (a 1 KB extension that co-existed with T2), T4, NAS-SYS 1 and NAS-SYS 3.
1037:
Later, commercial software was made available either on cassette tape or programmed into one or more EPROMs (usually 1 KB 2708 devices).
1114:
Computers, released a version of the Nascom microcomputer with the selling point that it was robust enough to be used by agriculture.
589:
for decode functions ("N2MD" for memory decode, "N2IO" for I/O decode, "N2V" for video decode and N2DB" for data bus buffer control).
996:
Single-step (through ROM or RAM) and display registers. Hardware support was provided for this, using the Z80 non-maskable interrupt
892:(because DIL sockets and IDC headers use different numbering conventions). The Nascom 2 keyboard has an additional "sense" output.
387:. The purchaser needed to supply a TV, a cassette recorder and a power supply. Over its lifetime, the price was reduced to £165 +
320:. On the flight home, he started to wonder whether there was a market in the UK for a kit computer. Marshall used the price of an
964:
Initially, users were expected to write their own software. On the earliest machines with limited memory this meant writing Z80
1604:
1456:
1426:
1356:
1328:
1291:
1236:
1199:
1093:
generated the NAS-BUS directly on an 80-way (79-way plus polarising slot) 0.1" pitch gold-plated edge connector on its PCB.
2052:
2024:
908:
Nascom character set, characters 0–127, displayed on a Nascom 2 and photographed on a monochrome non-interlaced CRT monitor
1836:
1162:
596:
Power-on reset with timing control to reset the CPU without interrupting the periodic refresh cycles produced by the Z80
1937:
1709:
1070:
1959:
402:
By July 1978, The
Micronics Company was advertising a cased, built and tested Nascom 1 (with power supply) for £399 +
2199:
1901:
1865:
1799:
1769:
1739:
1681:
1644:
1567:
1040:
When disk drives became available, various disk operating systems became available, including PolyDos (developed by
2070:
454:; the same issue contained a full-page advert under the name "Nascom Microcomputers. Division of Lucas Logic Ltd".
1140:
316:
During a business trip to
California in the Autumn of 1976, Marshall attended an amateur computer club meeting at
1073:(IDE) for CP/M and DOS was developed by Anders Hejlsberg of Blue Label Software for the Nascom 2, under the name
341:
On Saturday, 26 November 1977, Lynx Electronics launched the Nascom 1 at their "Home Microcomputer Symposium" at
1118:
2194:
582:
457:
In December 1981, the Nascom 3 was launched. This was basically a cased Nascom 2 with some expansion boards.
1530:
324:(about £200) as a reference point for the amount someone might be prepared to spend on a "hobby" purchase.
536:
916:
Character cell on Nascom 2: 8 pixels by 14 rows. Photographed on a monochrome non-interlaced CRT monitor
579:
493:
listing of the Nascom 2 Microsoft ROM BASIC was published and the code was subsequently re-purposed in
2120:
562:
An LED ("HALT") on the Z80-CPU "/HALT" output, to provide a visual indication that the CPU was halted.
342:
2098:
888:
The keyboard was always supplied assembled, even when the rest of the Nascom was supplied as a kit.
416:
reported that Grovewood Securities had invested £500,000 in Nascom. The same article reported that
983:
All of the debug monitors provided similar capabilities, with different levels of sophistication:
2204:
1272:
1023:
868:
525:
A 16 MHz crystal biased into oscillation and then divided down to create the clocks for the
464:
447:
413:
357:
937:(8K ROM) interpreter could use these graphics to create a crude, blocky 96×48 graphics display.
136:
875:
152:
101:
55:
627:
Full buffering of the CPU address, data and control to generate the "NAS-BUS" expansion bus.
1084:
In 1979 the Nascom 2 came with an onboard ROM with early Microsoft Basic 8 KB interpreter.
617:
610:
575:
283:
129:
8:
1045:
1027:
621:
406:. The advert does not name the machine as a Nascom 1 but the specification is identical.
350:
317:
1098:
571:
475:
A Nascom advert in January 1980 claimed "over 15,000 systems in operation world-wide".
384:
2139:
1011:
965:
546:
113:
309:
Marshall was a director of a company called Nasco Sales Ltd; a UK distributor of US
1041:
1007:
451:
383:, in kit form. The kit included keyboard and sockets for some (but not all) of the
287:
238:
125:
968:
on paper, assembling it by hand and then using the monitor program to enter it in
851:
592:
The Nascom 2 had these additional features that were not present on the Nascom 1:
1031:
934:
859:
2041:
2013:
423:
In September 1979, the Nascom 2 (kit) was announced with a list price of £295 +
494:
328:
310:
186:
105:
1995:
940:
Each character was 8 pixels wide and 16 pixels high, allowing display of true
2188:
1000:
144:
140:
912:
1063:
904:
490:
1015:
969:
521:
The Nascom 1 and Nascom 2 hardware designs had these features in common:
498:
497:
projects such as Grant Searle's Multicomp and Spencer Owen's RC2014. The
148:
121:
33:
1117:
Movement Computer Systems used the Nascom 2 as the controller for their
2162:
1111:
1110:
In the early 1980s, one of the first generation of computer retailers,
1034:
published articles and software specifically for the Nascom computers.
872:
662:
Control keyboard, control single-step (NMI) logic, control "DRIVE" LED
586:
373:
321:
2173:
599:
Gating to reset the Z80-PIO (the Z80-PIO has no dedicated reset input)
460:
In June 1984, the final issue of the Nascom Newsletter was published.
941:
214:
200:
109:
2179:
1066:
420:
full-colour support would arrive for the Nascom by "the new year".
353:
and over 300 kits were sold in the two weeks following the launch.
253:
228:
19:
This article is about the computer kits. For the NASA network, see
830:
Decoded on board. Usually used for EPROM (4, 1Kbyte 2708 devices)
820:
Decoded on board. Usually used for EPROM (4, 1Kbyte 2708 devices)
810:
Decoded on board. Usually used for EPROM (4, 1Kbyte 2708 devices)
2167:
1059:
1048:
369:
960:
Mask-programmed 2Kx8 ROMs containing the NAS-SYS 1 debug monitor
956:
863:
Nascom 2 (top) had angled key-tops and Nascom 1 (bottom) did not
502:
435:
board and NASBUS interconnect but to keep the price at £295 +
346:
20:
1454:
1424:
1326:
1289:
1234:
1019:
231:
133:
117:
1141:
UK micro pioneer Chris Shelton: The mind behind the Nascom 1
1052:
926:
800:
Decoded on board. Usually used for RAM (4, 1Kbyte devices)
790:
Decoded on board. Usually used for RAM (4, 1Kbyte devices)
542:
432:
291:
570:
The Nascom 1 was implemented entirely using off-the-shelf
513:
553:
526:
446:
Nascom continued to trade in receivership. In July 1981,
436:
424:
417:
403:
396:
392:
388:
380:
1006:
As the user-base grew, user-group magazines published
379:
The launch price for the Nascom 1 was £197.50 plus 8%
1797:
1679:
1528:
1491:
294:
versions 1.4, 2.2 and 3.0 were also available later.
2118:
1197:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1283:
529:, the serial communications and the video interface
1731:
1349:
999:Save a memory region to/load a memory region from
356:The symposium was covered in detail in Issue 1 of
237:NAS-SYS 1, most were shipped with NAS-SYS 3 (2 KB
1638:
1636:
1603:Turpin, Alan; Shortland, David (September 1979).
1145:
2186:
1767:
990:Start program execution from a specified address
556:video modulator capable of driving a domestic TV
481:Nascom reported sales of £250,000 in April 1980
1602:
1425:Lynx Electronics (London) Ltd (February 1978).
1420:
1418:
1327:Lynx Electronics (London) Ltd (November 1977).
727:The memory address map was decoded as follows:
1828:
1633:
1522:
1228:
1136:
1134:
855:Nascom 2 (top) and Nascom 1 (bottom) keyboards
376:(Saturday, 1 April 1978. Tickets cost £5.50).
139:. At that time, including a full keyboard and
1857:
1235:Lynx Electronics (London) Ltd (August 1976).
108:in 1977 and 1979, respectively, based on the
2121:"Showing the Nascom 2 computer inside MCDU1"
1957:
1455:Lynx Electronics (London) Ltd (April 1978).
1415:
635:The I/O address map was decoded as follows:
249:2 KB (1 KB used for display), exp. to 64 KB
2144:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1290:Lynx Electronics (London) Ltd (July 1977).
1131:
372:, Lynx electronics held a similar event in
1761:
1320:
32:
1673:
1559:
749:Monitor (NASBUG, T4, NAS-SYS1, NAS-SYS3)
2210:Computers designed in the United Kingdom
1834:
1160:
955:
911:
903:
858:
850:
512:
450:reported that Nascom had been bought by
327:At the end of 1976, Marshall attended a
1960:"The workings of Nascom ROM BASIC v4.7"
1798:Nascom Microcomputers (December 1981).
1680:Nascom Microcomputers (November 1979).
620:socket that could accommodate a second
219:2 or 4 MHz (switch on main board)
2215:Computer-related introductions in 1977
2187:
1863:
1737:
1642:
1565:
1529:Nascom Microcomputers (January 1979).
1198:A Marshall & Son (November 1967).
368:After the success of their seminar in
124:that could be used to store data on a
147:kits were then delivered with only a
2068:
1044:and inspired by the software of the
552:A memory-mapped video display and a
332:Instruments to design the Nascom 1.
290:(OS) was included with the devices.
2176:(Mirror), large archive of material
2119:Waveterm MCDU1 Album (5 May 2010).
1492:The Micronics Company (July 1978).
1384:
609:Two groups of 4 uncommitted 24-pin
13:
1071:integrated development environment
14:
2226:
2170:, with software and documentation
2156:
993:Insert a breakpoint (in RAM only)
606:Microsoft BASIC in an 8Kbyte ROM.
38:Nascom 3 Computer, September 1981
16:British single-board computer kit
2087:from the original on 2017-05-06.
2058:from the original on 2003-08-01.
2030:from the original on 2002-06-22.
1853:from the original on 2018-05-24.
1698:from the original on 2020-07-08.
1345:from the original on 2020-08-24.
1105:
899:
867:The Nascom keyboards used Licon
484:
143:interface was uncommon, as most
2112:
2091:
2062:
2034:
2006:
1988:
1976:from the original on 2018-04-19
1951:
1930:
1918:from the original on 2020-07-08
1894:
1882:from the original on 2022-05-22
1816:from the original on 2021-03-08
1791:
1710:"Nascom in danger -- or is it?"
1702:
1661:from the original on 2020-07-08
1621:from the original on 2020-08-31
1596:
1584:from the original on 2020-07-08
1547:from the original on 2020-07-08
1538:Electronics Today International
1510:from the original on 2020-07-08
1485:
1473:from the original on 2020-08-31
1448:
1403:from the original on 2020-07-08
1308:from the original on 2020-08-31
1253:from the original on 2020-08-24
1216:from the original on 2020-08-31
1179:from the original on 2018-05-24
755:Monitor (NAS-SYS1 or NAS-SYS3)
578:. The Nascom 2 used 4, 16-pin
2099:"Movement MCDU1 In The Garden"
1864:Seddon, Peter (January 1985).
1835:Clemmett, Ian J. (June 1984).
1768:Nascom Computers (July 1981).
1740:"Newsprint: Lucas buys Nascom"
1566:Kewney, Guy (September 1979).
1378:
1265:
1191:
1022:. Computing magazines such as
1:
1643:Kewney, Guy (December 1979).
1124:
470:
1457:"Advert: Manchester seminar"
1087:
7:
1958:Lloyd-Parker, Carl (1983).
1161:Marshall, John (May 1989).
951:
846:
840:Microsoft 8Kbyte ROM BASIC
517:Assembled Nascom 1 computer
508:
10:
2231:
1075:Blue Label Software Pascal
399:assembled (January 1980).
300:
18:
2180:Working Nascoms in the UK
1738:Kewney, Guy (July 1981).
1329:"The Home Computer Forum"
987:Examine and modify memory
757:2Kbyte ROM or 2716 EPROM
751:1 or 2 1Kbyte 2708 EPROM
391:(March 1979) then £125 +
343:Wembley Conference Centre
281:
61:
51:
43:
31:
2200:Z80-based home computers
2174:Nascom / Gemini / 80 Bus
1163:"From The Horse's Mouth"
1909:Personal Computer World
1873:Personal Computer World
1807:Personal Computer World
1777:Personal Computer World
1747:Personal Computer World
1689:Personal Computer World
1575:Personal Computer World
1501:Personal Computer World
1394:Personal Computer World
1024:Personal Computer World
718:Z80-PIO Control Port B
710:Z80-PIO Control Port A
1652:Personal Computer Work
961:
917:
909:
864:
856:
518:
266:8" x 12" (main board)
263:8" x 10" (main board)
2042:"Nascom 2 schematics"
2014:"Nascom 1 Schematics"
1612:Practical Electronics
1464:Practical Electronics
1434:Practical Electronics
1364:Practical Electronics
1336:Practical Electronics
1299:Practical Electronics
1244:Practical Electronics
1207:Practical Electronics
959:
925:except by the Nascom
915:
907:
862:
854:
576:electronic components
516:
153:seven-segment display
102:single-board computer
56:single-board computer
2195:Early microcomputers
2163:Dedicated user group
2049:The Nascom Home Page
2021:The Nascom Home Page
1911:: 17. January 1980.
1018:dumps or (later) in
702:Z80-PIO Data Port B
694:Z80-PIO Data Port A
678:UART Control/Status
654:Read keyboard state
501:can now be found on
130:Kansas City standard
2071:"INMC News issue 2"
2069:Hunt, Dave (1979).
1938:"News Of The Month"
1866:"The Nascom Lives!"
1277:The Nascom Homepage
1062:'s very successful
1058:The predecessor of
1046:PolyMorphic Systems
1028:Practical Computing
731:
639:
622:character-generator
572:integrated-circuits
412:In September 1979,
318:Stanford University
104:kits issued in the
28:
1996:"Nascom ROM BASIC"
1947:: 54. August 1980.
1387:"Yours To Command"
1292:"Watch This Space"
1099:British Cellophane
962:
918:
910:
865:
857:
730:
638:
519:
26:
1844:Nascom Newsletter
1719:: 54. August 1980
1012:assembly language
966:assembly language
844:
843:
722:
721:
643:I/O Port address
547:cassette recorder
463:In January 1985,
298:
297:
94:
93:
2222:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2078:Nascom Magazines
2075:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2051:. 16 June 1979.
2046:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2018:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2002:. 8 August 2022.
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1964:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1906:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1841:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1774:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
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1279:. November 1977.
1273:"Wireless World"
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1042:Anders Hejlsberg
1008:type-in programs
929:implementation.
732:
729:
640:
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452:Lucas Industries
288:operating system
252:8 KB, exp. to 1
158:
157:
112:and including a
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29:
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2168:Nascom homepage
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1132:
1127:
1121:drum machines.
1119:MCDU1 and MCDU2
1108:
1090:
1051:), NAS-DOS and
1032:Computing Today
954:
935:Microsoft BASIC
902:
849:
585:which acted as
511:
487:
473:
303:
86:
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68:
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39:
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2205:Home computers
2202:
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2157:External links
2155:
2152:
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2111:
2090:
2061:
2033:
2023:. April 1978.
2005:
1987:
1950:
1945:Wireless World
1929:
1893:
1856:
1827:
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1717:Wireless World
1701:
1672:
1654:. p. 32.
1632:
1605:"Market Place"
1595:
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835:0xE000-0xFFFF
832:
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825:0xD000-0xDFFF
822:
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815:0xC000-0xCFFF
812:
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805:0xB000-0xBFFF
802:
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798:
796:
795:0x2000-0x2FFF
792:
791:
788:
786:
785:0x1000-0x1FFF
782:
781:
780:Workspace RAM
778:
777:Workspace RAM
775:
774:0x0C00-0x0FFF
771:
770:
767:
764:
763:0x0800-0x0BFF
760:
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541:A Harris 6402
539:
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532:A Z80/Z80A CPU
530:
510:
507:
495:retrocomputing
486:
483:
472:
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329:microprocessor
311:semiconductors
302:
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178:December 1979
176:
175:December 1977
173:
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137:parallel ports
106:United Kingdom
92:
91:
83:Nascom 3: 1981
74:Nascom 2: 1979
65:Nascom 1: 1977
63:
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1846:. p. 2.
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1357:"News Briefs"
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1106:Miscellaneous
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271:Discontinued
270:
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227:NAS-BUG 1 (1
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145:microcomputer
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126:tape cassette
123:
120:interface, a
119:
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107:
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100:1 and 2 were
99:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
47:Chris Shelton
46:
42:
35:
30:
22:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2093:
2077:
2064:
2048:
2036:
2020:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1966:
1953:
1944:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1908:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1872:
1859:
1843:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1806:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1776:
1763:
1751:. Retrieved
1746:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1716:
1704:
1688:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1651:
1623:. Retrieved
1611:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1574:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1537:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1500:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1463:
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1433:
1405:. Retrieved
1393:
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1363:
1351:
1335:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1298:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1243:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1206:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1170:Scorpio News
1169:
1116:
1109:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1064:Turbo Pascal
1057:
1039:
1036:
1005:
982:
978:
974:
963:
946:
939:
931:
923:
919:
894:
890:
887:
883:
880:
866:
756:
750:
726:
723:
659:0x0 (write)
634:
630:
591:
569:
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520:
488:
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477:
474:
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378:
367:
363:
355:
340:
337:
334:
326:
315:
308:
304:
224:Monitor/OS*
97:
95:
62:Release date
1967:80-Bus News
1837:"Editorial"
1645:"Newsprint"
1568:"Newsprint"
1016:hexadecimal
970:hexadecimal
869:solid-state
651:0x0 (read)
535:A Z80/Z80A
499:source code
491:disassembly
286:and simple
260:Dimensions
205:Zilog Z80A
172:Introduced
151:keypad and
149:hexadecimal
122:serial port
2189:Categories
1125:References
1112:Kenilworth
1079:BLS Pascal
1010:either in
942:descenders
873:fibreglass
769:Video RAM
766:Video RAM
670:UART Data
587:glue logic
574:and other
471:Unit Sales
395:or £140 +
374:Manchester
322:SLR camera
210:CPU speed
132:, and two
128:using the
1396:(1): 20.
1088:Expansion
741:Nascom 2
738:Nascom 1
646:Function
616:A 24-pin
351:symposium
201:Zilog Z80
197:CPU (μP)
167:Nascom 2
164:Nascom 1
110:Zilog Z80
44:Developer
2140:cite web
2082:Archived
2053:Archived
2025:Archived
1971:Archived
1913:Archived
1902:"Advert"
1877:Archived
1848:Archived
1811:Archived
1800:"Advert"
1770:"Advert"
1693:Archived
1682:"Advert"
1656:Archived
1616:Archived
1579:Archived
1542:Archived
1531:"Advert"
1505:Archived
1494:"Advert"
1468:Archived
1427:"Advert"
1398:Archived
1340:Archived
1303:Archived
1248:Archived
1237:"Advert"
1211:Archived
1200:"Advert"
1174:Archived
1067:compiler
972:format.
952:Software
847:Keyboard
735:Address
509:Hardware
431:16Kbyte
114:keyboard
1875:: 131.
1809:: 100.
1466:: 614.
1338:: 212.
1246:: 668.
1209:: 858.
1060:Borland
1049:Poly-88
686:Unused
580:bipolar
370:Wembley
301:History
189:197.50
85: (
76: (
67: (
2130:23 May
2104:23 May
2000:Github
1980:28 May
1922:21 May
1886:22 May
1820:22 May
1783:22 May
1753:22 May
1723:22 May
1691:: 21.
1665:22 May
1625:22 May
1614:: 27.
1588:22 May
1577:: 30.
1551:21 May
1540:: 46.
1514:21 May
1503:: 45.
1477:21 May
1440:21 May
1407:21 May
1370:21 May
1312:21 May
1257:21 May
1220:21 May
1183:21 May
1172:: 25.
1014:or as
603:reset.
503:GitHub
347:London
161:Model
98:Nascom
27:Nascom
21:NASCOM
2125:Flikr
2085:(PDF)
2074:(PDF)
2056:(PDF)
2045:(PDF)
2028:(PDF)
2017:(PDF)
1974:(PDF)
1963:(PDF)
1941:(PDF)
1916:(PDF)
1905:(PDF)
1880:(PDF)
1869:(PDF)
1851:(PDF)
1840:(PDF)
1814:(PDF)
1803:(PDF)
1773:(PDF)
1743:(PDF)
1713:(PDF)
1696:(PDF)
1685:(PDF)
1659:(PDF)
1648:(PDF)
1619:(PDF)
1608:(PDF)
1582:(PDF)
1571:(PDF)
1545:(PDF)
1534:(PDF)
1508:(PDF)
1497:(PDF)
1471:(PDF)
1460:(PDF)
1436:: 416
1430:(PDF)
1401:(PDF)
1390:(PDF)
1366:: 417
1360:(PDF)
1343:(PDF)
1332:(PDF)
1306:(PDF)
1295:(PDF)
1251:(PDF)
1240:(PDF)
1214:(PDF)
1203:(PDF)
1177:(PDF)
1166:(PDF)
1077:, or
1020:BASIC
583:PROMs
277:1983
274:1979
232:EPROM
192:£225
134:8-bit
118:video
2146:link
2132:2022
2106:2022
1982:2018
1924:2022
1888:2022
1822:2022
1785:2022
1779:: 52
1755:2022
1749:: 50
1725:2022
1667:2022
1627:2022
1590:2022
1553:2022
1516:2022
1479:2022
1442:2022
1409:2022
1372:2022
1314:2022
1259:2022
1222:2022
1185:2022
1069:and
1053:CP/M
1030:and
927:CP/M
715:0x7
707:0x6
699:0x5
691:0x4
683:0x3
675:0x2
667:0x1
543:UART
433:DRAM
292:CP/M
282:* A
246:RAM
116:and
96:The
87:1981
78:1979
69:1977
52:Type
876:PCB
624:ROM
618:DIL
611:DIL
554:UHF
537:PIO
527:CPU
465:PCW
448:PCW
437:VAT
425:VAT
418:PAL
414:PCW
404:VAT
397:VAT
393:VAT
389:VAT
385:ICs
381:VAT
358:PCW
239:ROM
215:MHz
2191::
2142:}}
2138:{{
2123:.
2080:.
2076:.
2047:.
2019:.
1998:.
1969:.
1965:.
1943:.
1907:.
1871:.
1842:.
1805:.
1775:.
1745:.
1715:.
1687:.
1650:.
1635:^
1610:.
1573:.
1536:.
1499:.
1462:.
1432:.
1417:^
1392:.
1362:.
1334:.
1301:.
1297:.
1275:.
1242:.
1205:.
1168:.
1147:^
1133:^
1081:.
1055:.
1026:,
505:.
427:.
345:,
254:MB
241:)
234:)
229:KB
213:2
2148:)
2134:.
2108:.
1984:.
1926:.
1890:.
1824:.
1787:.
1757:.
1727:.
1669:.
1629:.
1592:.
1555:.
1518:.
1481:.
1444:.
1411:.
1374:.
1316:.
1261:.
1224:.
1187:.
549:.
187:£
89:)
80:)
71:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
