239:
288:
1397:
1150:
fascist Italy developed a state structure known as the corporate state with the ruling party acting as a mediator between 'corporations' making up the body of the nation. Similar designs were quite popular elsewhere in the 1930s. The most prominent examples were
808:
on 16 July 1935. At the 1937 election, the
National Christian Party achieved 39 of the 387 seats in the Chamber of Deputies compared to 66 seats won by the Iron Guard's Everything for the Country Party. Nevertheless, Goga was chosen in December 1937 by
796:, winning nine seats, two fewer than at the 1932 election. The LANC had begun falling behind the Iron Guard and it soon became clear that it needed to expand if it hoped to have any power. As such, Crainic took the lead in organizing negotiations with
822:
was formed on 29 December 1937 but lasted for only 45 days. However, it wasn’t slow in starting to implement its anti-Semitic program. It repudiated
Romania's obligations under the Minorities Treaty imposed upon it at the
694:
The swastika became the symbol of Cuza's movement and appeared in its publications, booklets and electoral programs. Cuza claimed that the symbol was purely
Romanian in character and denied that LANC had copied the
776:, where the prevailing mood was one in favour of violent action. As a result, LANC received a blow in 1927 when Codreanu and his Legion broke off to form a distinct movement (which ultimately emerged as the
1895:
1347:
552:
768:
However, Cuza's leadership, characterised by his level-headed professorial approach, led to some discontent particularly amongst the group's youth and student movement, the
2203:
2113:
476:
1743:
736:, gained notoriety for their anti-semitic activities in the universities. Increasing its influence, the LANC attracted most of the followers of groups such as the
486:
722:
of Jewish land and businesses. In order to accomplish this they hoped to begin by excluding Jews from the professions and the upper echelons of the armed forces.
2198:
2077:
302:
1378:
1462:
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446:
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1427:
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421:
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599:
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628:
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1482:
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1890:
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456:
587:
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2128:
1981:
1437:
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2123:
1976:
1865:
1723:
1667:
1502:
1447:
1733:
1728:
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1417:
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1966:
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1422:
1387:
254:
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1159:(1933-1938), and authoritarian experiments in Estonia, Romania, and some other countries of East and East-Central Europe,
2138:
2087:
1930:
1850:
1552:
1412:
374:
344:
426:
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1216:
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1386:
760:
and this central northern region was to prove most responsive to fascism in
Romania throughout the 1920s and 1930s.
287:
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2031:
1935:
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1961:
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905:
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828:
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2279:
2148:
1769:
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1537:
1532:
1527:
860:
789:
1718:
2168:
2026:
2006:
1713:
824:
154:
2295:
2173:
2158:
2153:
2011:
1996:
1069:
614:
380:
2345:
2315:
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1920:
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1603:
1593:
386:
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1951:
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320:
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368:
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192:
111:
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1991:
1804:
773:
431:
350:
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1809:
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481:
356:
2508:
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The LANC had its roots in the
National Christian Union, formed in 1922 by Cuza and the famed
392:
2390:
2305:
2259:
2016:
1986:
1956:
1692:
832:
706:
The LANC became associated with extreme anti-semitism, calling for a gradual withdrawal of
259:
159:
8:
2422:
1118:
813:
249:
835:, one third of the Romanian Jewish population. Jewish businesses were also closed down.
1512:
1472:
714:
which would include the withdrawal of political rights for all Jews, the withdrawal of
654:
563:
526:
182:
177:
125:
1209:
Nationalist
Ideology and Antisemitism: The Case of Romanian Intellectuals in the 1930s
2365:
1497:
1212:
1132:
1094:
865:
683:. This group morphed in to the LANC in 1923. Much of LANC's ideas were framed within
646:
461:
170:
2300:
1285:
1122:
688:
680:
436:
238:
162:
63:
49:
1329:
His
Majesty's Enemies: Great Britain's War Against Holocaust Victims and Survivors
2412:
1351:
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1088:
810:
719:
700:
657:
593:
569:
416:
1618:
2097:
1517:
1114:
730:
Initially the LANC gained some support and its blue shirted militia group, the
471:
362:
2437:
2208:
797:
451:
411:
1638:
819:
757:
677:
505:
166:
1759:
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804:(which also won 9 seats in 1933) and the two parties merged to form the
732:
519:
512:
146:
2057:
777:
696:
665:
466:
441:
332:
37:
749:
121:
2395:
753:
745:
684:
744:
during the mid-1920s. Support for LANC was particularly strong in
1774:
1396:
1391:
661:
279:
707:
211:
1155:
in
Portugal (1932-1968) and Brazil (1937-1945), the Austrian
224:
711:
205:
1113:
217:
2199:
National Italo-Romanian
Cultural and Economic Movement
2078:
National Italo-Romanian
Cultural and Economic Movement
1090:
Eastern European Nationalism in the Twentieth-Century
699:'s symbol. By 1927, the party banner became the
2435:
1327:Itamar Levin, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001,
788:The LANC managed to regroup and returned to the
1468:Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania
1128:International Encyclopedia of Political Science
1093:. American University Press. pp. 275–276.
1428:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
1372:
1269:
1267:
1265:
622:
2326:Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania
1881:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)
1876:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948)
1443:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
1433:Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania
1345:'Background and Precursors to the Holocaust'
600:Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom
2194:National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party
2119:Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania
1483:Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party
691:, who served as Secretary General of LANC.
1379:
1365:
1305:, Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 283
1274:Background and Precursors to the Holocaust
1262:
1244:Background and Precursors to the Holocaust
1232:Background and Precursors to the Holocaust
1195:Background and Precursors to the Holocaust
1183:Background and Precursors to the Holocaust
1171:Background and Precursors to the Holocaust
1070:Background and precursors to the Holocaust
629:
615:
286:
1075:
800:and his equally right-wing, anti-Semitic
2489:Eastern Orthodoxy and far-right politics
2474:Political parties disestablished in 1935
2250:Union of Patriots/National Popular Party
1463:Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars
1206:
843:
1200:
2504:Far-right political parties in Romania
2436:
2331:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
1458:Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs
1448:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
1131:. SAGE Publications (published 2011).
780:) and the LANC's stock fell somewhat.
553:The Orthodox Church and the Iron Guard
2444:Political parties established in 1923
2144:General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania
2002:National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu
1651:
1360:
1259:, Methuen & Co, 1974, pp. 183-184
1086:
2449:Defunct political parties in Romania
838:
2469:Defunct Christian political parties
2351:National Liberal Ecologist Alliance
1896:Social Democratic Party of Bukovina
1886:Romanian Socialist Democratic Party
1836:Democratic National Salvation Front
1780:National Democratic Christian Party
1574:Alliance for the Union of Romanians
1503:Renewing Romania's European Project
13:
2494:Eastern Orthodox political parties
2464:Eastern Orthodoxy and antisemitism
1709:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
14:
2520:
2381:Social Democratic Pole of Romania
2068:National-Christian Defense League
1338:
1292:, London: Routledge, 2001, p. 136
718:for most and a gradual policy of
643:National-Christian Defense League
24:National-Christian Defense League
2245:Ecologist Union of Romania Party
1982:Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere
1916:Social Protection People's Party
1906:Social Democratic Workers' Party
1739:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu
1423:Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania
1395:
687:arguments which were created by
237:
1977:Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu
1926:Socialist Party of Transylvania
1866:People's Party – Dan Diaconescu
1734:National Liberal Party–Câmpeanu
1729:National Liberal Party–Brătianu
1321:
1308:
1295:
1290:A History of Fascism: 1914-1945
1279:
1249:
770:Legion of the Archangel Michael
703:with a swastika in the centre.
651:Liga Apărării Național Creștine
27:Liga Apărării Național Creștine
2479:1923 establishments in Romania
2376:Romanian Democratic Convention
2321:Democratic Group of the Centre
2179:Jewish National People's Party
1800:Progressive Conservative Party
1237:
1225:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1107:
1063:
794:December 1933 general election
16:Political party in Romania
1:
2265:Party of Young Free Democrats
2255:National Reconstruction Party
2149:Group of Transylvanian Saxons
2032:Transylvanian Peasants' Party
1831:Communist Party (Nepeceriști)
1770:Conservative-Democratic Party
1688:Romanian National Unity Party
1528:Social Liberal Humanist Party
1083:Programul statului etnocratic
1056:
2499:Romanian nationalist parties
2275:Republican Party (1990–1993)
2270:Republican Party (1993–2004)
2129:Democratic Union of the Roma
1714:Free and Independent Faction
1668:Democratic Nationalist Party
1438:Cultural Union of Ruthenians
827:, and then stripped 250,000
7:
2296:Alliance for Romanian Unity
2174:Jewish Democratic Committee
2124:Cultural Union of Albanians
1962:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
1652:
1125:, eds. (7 September 2011).
825:1919 Paris Peace Conference
10:
2525:
2454:Fascist parties in Romania
2346:Justice and Truth Alliance
2316:Christian Liberal Alliance
1972:Democratic Peasants' Party
1856:Party of Social Solidarity
1841:Democratic Party of Labour
1795:People's Party (2005–2006)
1785:National Renaissance Front
1418:Association of Macedonians
763:
671:
2418:List of political parties
2408:
2361:People's Democratic Front
2288:
2280:Transylvania–Banat League
2232:
2106:
2073:National Fascist Movement
2040:
2027:Socialist Peasants' Party
1967:Democratic Agrarian Party
1944:
1911:Socialist Party of Labour
1818:
1790:People's Party (1918–1938
1752:
1701:
1683:National Union from Banat
1660:
1647:
1624:Romanian Nationhood Party
1614:National Rebirth Alliance
1569:Alliance for the Homeland
1561:
1508:Romanian Nationhood Party
1405:
783:
738:National Fascist Movement
725:
245:
236:
231:
198:
188:
176:
153:
141:
131:
117:
107:
89:
69:
55:
43:
33:
21:
2219:Ukrainian Workers' Party
2214:Ukrainian National Party
2159:Hungarian People's Union
2154:Hungarian People's Party
2114:Autonomous Swabian Party
2088:National Socialist Party
2083:National Romanian Fascio
2063:National Christian Party
1997:National Peasants' Party
1891:Romanian Socialist Party
1871:Romanian Communist Party
1851:National Salvation Front
1629:Romanian Socialist Party
1453:Democratic Turkish Union
1087:Sugar, Peter F. (1995).
806:National Christian Party
742:National Romanian Fascia
558:National Legionary State
112:National Christian Party
2386:Social Democratic Union
2022:Radical Peasants' Party
1992:National Agrarian Party
1931:Socialist Workers Party
1901:Social Democratic Party
1805:Romanian National Party
1594:People's Movement Party
1553:Union of the Ukrainians
1523:Social Democratic Party
1413:Association of Italians
1207:Volovici, Leon (1991).
802:National Agrarian Party
774:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
351:Iron Guard death squads
178:Political position
76:; 101 years ago
2459:Antisemitism in Europe
2371:Right Romania Alliance
2356:National Union PSD+PUR
2224:Union of Romanian Jews
2204:People's Council Party
2053:Crusade of Romanianism
1936:United Socialist Party
1724:National Liberal Party
1719:Liberal Union–Brătianu
1673:Democratic Union Party
1589:Nation People Together
1493:National Liberal Party
1072:Jewish Virtual Library
816:to form a government.
650:
357:Crusade of Romanianism
95:; 89 years ago
2341:Hungarian German Bloc
2336:Green Ecologist Party
2311:Centre Right Alliance
2139:German People's Party
1861:Peasant Workers' Bloc
1826:Banat Socialist Party
1634:The Right Alternative
1609:Greater Romania Party
1579:Greater Romania Party
844:Legislative elections
2391:Social Liberal Union
2306:Centre Left Alliance
2260:Party of Free Change
2012:Peasants' Party–Lupu
1987:League Against Usury
1957:Agrarian Union Party
1775:Constitutional Party
1693:United Romania Party
1119:Berg-Schlosser, Dirk
833:Romanian citizenship
2423:Politics of Romania
2240:Ecological Movement
1488:League of Albanians
1257:The Rise of Fascism
790:Chamber of Deputies
588:Moța–Marin funerals
273:Part of a series on
250:Politics of Romania
1765:Conservative Party
1562:Extraparliamentary
1538:Union of Croatians
1533:Union of Armenians
1513:Save Romania Union
1473:Force of the Right
1350:2007-06-30 at the
1211:. Pergamon Press.
564:For My Legionaries
193:Romanian Orthodoxy
136:Apărarea Națională
126:Kingdom of Romania
2431:
2430:
2404:
2403:
2366:Red Quadrilateral
2169:Italian Community
2017:Ploughmen's Front
1810:Vlad Țepeș League
1498:Party of the Roma
1388:Political parties
1123:Morlino, Leonardo
1100:978-1-879383-39-5
1054:
1053:
839:Electoral history
820:Goga’s government
639:
638:
268:
267:
255:Political parties
171:Corporate statism
142:Paramilitary wing
45:Secretary-General
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1286:Stanley G. Payne
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681:Nicolae Paulescu
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163:ultranationalism
108:Merged into
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64:Nicolae Paulescu
61:Nichifor Crainic
50:Nichifor Crainic
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2484:Greater Romania
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2413:Portal:Politics
2400:
2301:Alliance PSD+PC
2284:
2228:
2164:Hungarian Union
2107:Ethnic minority
2102:
2093:Romanian Action
2036:
2007:Peasants' Party
1952:Agrarian League
1940:
1921:Socialist Party
1814:
1748:
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1653:
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1604:Ecologist Party
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1352:Wayback Machine
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1518:S.O.S. Romania
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1339:External links
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1301:Michael Mann,
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1255:F.L. Carsten,
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852:
845:
842:
840:
837:
785:
782:
765:
762:
727:
724:
673:
670:
653:, LANC) was a
637:
636:
634:
633:
626:
619:
611:
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584:
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2209:Swabian Group
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1744:Radical Party
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1406:Parliamentary
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829:Romanian Jews
826:
821:
817:
815:
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799:
798:Octavian Goga
795:
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527:Sfarmă-Piatră
524:
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297:Organizations
294:
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261:
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92:
88:
72:
68:
65:
58:
54:
51:
48:
42:
39:
36:
32:
20:
2509:Nazi parties
2189:Magyar Party
2184:Jewish Party
2134:German Party
2067:
2048:Citizen Bloc
1753:Conservative
1639:Volt Romania
1619:Noua Dreaptă
1328:
1323:
1315:
1310:
1302:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1256:
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1227:
1208:
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1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1142:. Retrieved
1127:
1109:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1065:
818:
787:
767:
758:Transylvania
731:
729:
705:
693:
678:physiologist
675:
642:
640:
562:
534:Țara Noastră
532:
525:
518:
511:
506:Buna Vestire
504:
339:Citizen Bloc
314:
167:Antisemitism
145:
135:
118:Headquarters
100:16 July 1935
93:16 July 1935
81:4 March 1923
74:4 March 1923
1846:Labor Party
1760:Civic Force
1661:Nationalist
1599:PRO Romania
1584:Green Party
1157:Standestaat
1153:Estado Novo
1144:9 September
752:, Northern
716:citizenship
685:theological
499:Periodicals
427:Cantacuzino
278:Fascism in
227:(customary)
2438:Categories
2058:Iron Guard
1057:References
778:Iron Guard
697:Nazi party
666:A. C. Cuza
664:formed by
462:Manoilescu
333:Iron Guard
232:Party flag
59:A. C. Cuza
38:A. C. Cuza
2289:Alliances
2041:Far-right
1819:Left-wing
1081:Crainic,
870:Position
851:Election
750:Maramures
655:far-right
477:Tătărescu
417:Bacaloglu
412:Antonescu
260:Elections
183:Far-right
132:Newspaper
122:Bucharest
90:Dissolved
34:President
2396:USR PLUS
1945:Agrarian
1348:Archived
1318:, p. 265
1316:Fascists
1303:Fascists
1030:133,205
1008:11 / 387
1000:159,071
970:113,863
888:10 / 387
880:124,778
861:Assembly
814:Carol II
754:Moldavia
746:Bukovina
740:and the
733:Lăncieri
647:Romanian
547:Ideology
520:Gândirea
513:Cuvântul
472:Stelescu
457:Lăzurică
432:Codreanu
189:Religion
160:Romanian
155:Ideology
147:Lăncieri
1702:Liberal
1654:Defunct
1392:Romania
1331:, p. 46
1276:, p. 26
1246:, p. 22
1234:, p. 23
1197:, p. 25
1185:, p. 21
1173:, p. 14
1045:0 / 108
1038:9 / 387
1015:2 / 113
985:0 / 113
978:8 / 387
955:0 / 110
948:0 / 387
940:32,273
925:0 / 110
918:0 / 387
910:52,481
895:0 / 115
792:at the
764:Decline
672:Origins
662:Romania
437:Crainic
422:Bonfert
406:Leaders
280:Romania
199:Colours
98: (
79: (
70:Founded
56:Founder
1314:Mann,
1215:
1135:
1097:
866:Senate
854:Votes
784:Merger
726:Growth
708:rights
602:(1941)
596:(1940)
590:(1937)
582:Events
395:(1942)
389:(1938)
383:(1936)
377:(1935)
371:(1935)
365:(1935)
359:(1934)
353:(1933)
347:(1932)
341:(1932)
335:(1927)
329:(1924)
323:(1923)
317:(1923)
311:(1921)
309:Fascio
305:(1921)
222:
215:
212:Yellow
209:
203:
2233:Other
1085:apud
1033:4.6%
1003:5.5%
973:4.0%
943:1.2%
913:1.9%
883:4.9%
487:Vifor
482:Vaida
447:Forțu
303:MNFIR
225:Brown
1213:ISBN
1146:2020
1133:ISBN
1095:ISBN
1050:5th
1026:1933
1020:5th
996:1932
990:6th
966:1931
960:7th
936:1928
930:5th
906:1927
900:4th
876:1926
811:King
756:and
712:Jews
710:for
641:The
467:Sima
452:Goga
442:Cuza
375:PPGR
345:PNSR
315:LANC
206:Blue
1390:in
831:of
772:of
660:of
393:MTR
387:FRN
381:CML
369:PNC
321:MNF
218:Red
2440::
1288:,
1264:^
1148:.
1121:;
1117:;
857:%
748:,
668:.
649::
363:FR
124:,
1380:e
1373:t
1366:v
1221:.
1103:.
645:(
630:e
623:t
616:v
102:)
83:)
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