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Rockwell X-30

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Temperatures on the airframe were expected to be 980 °C (1,800 °F) over a large part of the surface, with maxima of more than 1,650 °C (3,000 °F) on the leading edges and portions of the engine. This required the development of high temperature lightweight materials, including
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were each awarded contracts of $ 175 M to develop engines/propulsion. The airframe contractors would compete and two or three would be eliminated after a year. The plan was that 42 months later (end of 1989), contracts would be awarded to build the flight demonstrator vehicle.
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cryogenic hydrogen tank was integrated with the fuselage section and the whole assembly, including volatile and combustible hydrogen, was successfully tested with mechanical loads and a temperature of 820 °C (1,500 °F) in 1992, just before program cancellation.
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vehicle, with instrumentation, environmental control systems and safety equipment, made the X-30 larger, heavier, and more expensive than required for a technology demonstrator. The X-30 program was terminated amid budget cuts and technical concerns in 1993.
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and passenger spaceliner. Started in 1986, it was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner (the
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The X-30 configuration integrated engine and fuselage. The shovel-shaped forward fuselage generated a shock wave to compress air before it entered the engine. The aft fuselage formed an integrated nozzle to expand the exhaust. The engine between was a
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Despite progress in the necessary structural and propulsion technology, NASA had substantial problems to solve. The Department of Defense wanted it to carry a crew of two and a small payload. The demands of being a
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fibers. Titanium matrix composites were used by McDonnell Douglas to create a representative fuselage section called "Task D". The Task D test article was four feet high by eight feet wide by eight feet long. A
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In 1990, the companies joined under the direction of Rockwell International to develop the craft, to deal with the technical and budgetary obstacles. Development of the X-30, as it was then designated, began.
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campus of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama; note the flat, duckbill nose and double-dorsal fin tail that distinguishes it from the older model.
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The original concept was for a conical nose, this evolved (after 1987?) to a flat shovel shape.
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were awarded contracts (each no more than $ 35 M) to develop technology for a hypersonic
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The NASP concept is thought to have been derived from the "Copper Canyon" project of the
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The Hypersonic Revolution: Case Studies in the History of Hypersonic Technology
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nose and single-dorsal fin tail that distinguishes it from the newer model.
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American X-Vehicles: An Inventory—X-1 to X-50 Centennial of Flight Edition
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Andersen, Drucella; Baker, Sue; Sandy, Mary (November 4, 1991).
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A more modest hypersonic program culminated in the uncrewed
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Jenkins, Dennis R.; Landis, Tony; Miller, Jay (June 2003).
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alloys of titanium and aluminum known as gamma and alpha
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that could, by the end of the next decade, take off from
731:"25 Years Ago, NASA Envisioned Its Own 'Orient Express'" 575: 542:. Most of the lift was generated by the fuselage by 876: 828:. Raspet Flight Research Laboratory. Archived from 685:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 797: 538:The aerodynamic configuration was an example of a 853:"X-30 National Aero-Space Plane Mockup Rolls Out" 406:of the X-30 was built by engineering students at 129:US NASA & DOD hypersonic project in 1986–1993 4845: 328:would generate heat due to adiabatic compression 220:), part of a United States project to create a 767:"National Aero-Space Plane Program Fact Sheet" 633: 438:A 1986 artist's concept of the NASP on liftoff 148:An artist's concept of the X-30 entering orbit 4193: 3636: 961: 4854:1993 disestablishments in the United States 454:An artist's concept of the X-30 on re-entry 402:A detailed, one-third scale (50-foot long) 4200: 4186: 3643: 3629: 968: 954: 936:Aero-Space Plane: Flexible Access to Space 905: 761: 759: 757: 755: 753: 704: – UK spaceplane design of the 1980s 515:Learn how and when to remove this message 291:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 4610:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft 850: 457: 449: 446:An artist's concept of the X-30 in orbit 441: 433: 410:'s Raspet Flight Research Laboratory in 267: 243: 724: 722: 720: 14: 4846: 750: 318:Research suggested a maximum speed of 4586: 4223: 4181: 3624: 949: 728: 599:74 ft 0 in (22.5552 m) 593:160 ft 0 in (48.768 m) 851:Andersen, Drucella (June 10, 1992). 717: 637: 497:adding citations to reliable sources 468: 55:adding citations to reliable sources 26: 729:Chang, Kenneth (October 20, 2014). 332:United States Department of Defense 293:(DARPA), from 1982 to 1985. In his 233:) capable of two-hour flights from 24: 4224: 25: 4915: 3411:Apollo command and service module 928: 693:(essentially a scaled-down model) 605:300,000 lb (136,077 kg) 576:Specifications (X-30 as designed) 4879:Proposed reusable launch systems 641: 473: 326:-based aircraft, as the vehicle 311:, accelerate up to 25 times the 142: 31: 4864:Cancelled space launch vehicles 484:needs additional citations for 295:1986 State of the Union Address 42:needs additional citations for 4587: 844: 818: 791: 420:U.S. Space & Rocket Center 284: 254:U.S. Space & Rocket Center 13: 1: 710: 4904:Tailless delta-wing aircraft 408:Mississippi State University 340:Strategic Defense Initiative 7: 4859:Cancelled aircraft projects 4744:Ya Guidao Gainian Feixingqi 672: 634:Design and materials legacy 10: 4920: 4165:Assigned to multiple types 906:Schweikart, Larry (1998). 414:. It is on display at the 4889:Scramjet-powered aircraft 4874:Hydrogen-powered aircraft 4826: 4758: 4726: 4680: 4629: 4597: 4593: 4582: 4443: 4417: 4292: 4263: 4234: 4230: 4219: 4158: 4107: 4012: 3854: 3711: 3702: 3664: 3659:) designations since 1941 3604: 3433: 3403: 3367: 3331: 3315: 3299: 3188: 3162: 3116: 3070: 2990: 2983: 988: 429: 390: 214:National Aero-Space Plane 192: 184: 172: 158: 153: 141: 136: 556:carbon/carbon composites 18:National Aerospace Plane 4536:Reusable Booster System 4526:Liquid Fly-back Booster 4209:Reusable launch systems 3665:Supersonic/special test 584:General characteristics 412:Starkville, Mississippi 365:SSTO vehicle/airframe. 210:technology demonstrator 4739:Goodyear Meteor Junior 4273:(orbiter and boosters) 981:Rockwell International 855:. NASA. Archived from 802:. NASA. Archived from 650:This section is empty. 560:metal matrix composite 466: 455: 447: 439: 355:Rockwell International 342:Office (SDIO) and the 281: 265: 179:Rockwell International 4894:Single-stage-to-orbit 4666:Space Shuttle orbiter 3653:experimental aircraft 3651:USAF / Joint Service 461: 453: 445: 437: 271: 247: 222:single-stage-to-orbit 163:Single-stage-to-orbit 4869:Cancelled spacecraft 859:on September 3, 2009 826:"History: NASP X-30" 493:improve this article 51:improve this article 4637:Buran-class orbiter 4478:Energia II (Uragan) 908:Hallion, Richard P. 806:on December 5, 2007 462:An X-30 model in a 424:Huntsville, Alabama 371:Pratt & Whitney 258:Huntsville, Alabama 154:General information 4375:Rocket Lab Neutron 3705:"X" (1948–present) 901:on April 25, 2020. 736:The New York Times 552:titanium aluminide 467: 456: 448: 440: 416:Aviation Challenge 301:called for "a new 282: 278:Aviation Challenge 276:on display at the 266: 252:on display at the 4884:Rockwell aircraft 4841: 4840: 4822: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4705:Orel (spacecraft) 4578: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4386:Starship (SpaceX) 4175: 4174: 4103: 4102: 3618: 3617: 3429: 3428: 3139:XA2J Super Savage 3027:F-100 Super Sabre 3008:F-82 Twin Mustang 832:on March 17, 2005 670: 669: 525: 524: 517: 351:McDonnell Douglas 202: 201: 188:Cancelled in 1993 127: 126: 119: 101: 16:(Redirected from 4911: 4688:Boeing Starliner 4595: 4594: 4584: 4583: 4391:Stoke Space Nova 4340:8R (first stage) 4337:6X (first stage) 4232: 4231: 4221: 4220: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4179: 4178: 4056: 4026: 3709: 3708: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3622: 3621: 2988: 2987: 970: 963: 956: 947: 946: 937: 924: 923:on July 2, 2015. 922: 902: 900: 894:. 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Archived from 763: 748: 747: 745: 743: 726: 665: 662: 652:You can help by 645: 638: 619: 586: 544:compression lift 520: 513: 509: 506: 500: 477: 469: 359:General Dynamics 248:An older design 212:project for the 208:was an advanced 146: 134: 133: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 100: 59: 35: 27: 21: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4814: 4754: 4722: 4676: 4625: 4589: 4570: 4439: 4413: 4288: 4259: 4226: 4215: 4206: 4176: 4171: 4154: 4099: 4054: 4024: 4008: 3850: 3704: 3698: 3667:"S" (1946–1947) 3666: 3660: 3649: 3619: 3614: 3600: 3425: 3399: 3363: 3327: 3311: 3295: 3184: 3158: 3112: 3066: 2979: 991:"Charge Number" 990: 984: 974: 935: 931: 920: 898: 883: 873: 872: 862: 860: 849: 845: 835: 833: 824: 823: 819: 809: 807: 796: 792: 782: 780: 765: 764: 751: 741: 739: 727: 718: 713: 697:Tupolev Tu-2000 675: 666: 660: 657: 636: 615: 582: 578: 564:silicon carbide 558:, and titanium 521: 510: 504: 501: 490: 478: 432: 393: 349:In April 1986, 287: 272:A newer design 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1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 994: 992: 986: 985: 977:North American 973: 972: 965: 958: 950: 944: 943: 930: 929:External links 927: 926: 925: 903: 871: 870: 843: 817: 790: 749: 715: 714: 712: 709: 706: 705: 699: 694: 682: 681: 674: 671: 668: 667: 648: 646: 635: 632: 631: 630: 613: 612: 606: 600: 594: 577: 574: 523: 522: 481: 479: 472: 431: 428: 418:campus of the 392: 389: 313:speed of sound 309:Dulles Airport 304:Orient Express 286: 283: 231:Orient Express 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 176: 170: 169: 160: 156: 155: 151: 150: 147: 139: 138: 128: 125: 124: 39: 37: 30: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4916: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4825: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4581: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4473:Chang Cheng-1 4471: 4468: 4465: 4463:(first stage) 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4406: 4404:(first stage) 4403: 4400: 4398:(first stage) 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377:(first stage) 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366:(first stage) 4365: 4362: 4360:(first stage) 4359: 4356: 4354:(first stage) 4353: 4350: 4348:(first stage) 4347: 4344: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4331: 4329:(first stage) 4328: 4325: 4323:(first stage) 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302:(first stage) 4301: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4271:Space Shuttle 4269: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4252: 4250:(core stages) 4249: 4246: 4244:(first stage) 4243: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4196: 4191: 4189: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4053: 4051: 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3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3422: 3421:Space Shuttle 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3154:A-5 Vigilante 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3037:XF-108 Rapier 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 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1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 995: 993: 989:Manufacturer 987: 982: 978: 971: 966: 964: 959: 957: 952: 951: 948: 942: 938: 933: 932: 919: 915: 914: 909: 904: 897: 893: 889: 882: 881: 875: 874: 858: 854: 847: 831: 827: 821: 805: 801: 794: 778: 774: 773: 768: 762: 760: 758: 756: 754: 738: 737: 732: 725: 723: 721: 716: 708: 703: 700: 698: 695: 692: 689: 688: 687: 686: 680: 677: 676: 664: 655: 651: 647: 644: 640: 639: 629: 625: 622: 621: 620: 618: 610: 607: 604: 603:Gross weight: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 588: 587: 585: 580: 573: 570: 565: 561: 557: 553: 547: 545: 541: 536: 534: 528: 519: 516: 508: 498: 494: 488: 487: 482:This section 480: 476: 471: 470: 465: 460: 452: 444: 436: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 400: 398: 388: 385: 379: 375: 372: 368: 364: 363:air-breathing 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 316: 314: 310: 306: 305: 300: 299:Ronald Reagan 296: 292: 279: 275: 270: 263: 259: 255: 251: 246: 242: 240: 236: 232: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 206:Rockwell X-30 198: 195: 191: 187: 183: 180: 177: 175: 171: 168: 164: 161: 157: 152: 145: 140: 135: 132: 121: 118: 110: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75: 71: 68: –  67: 63: 62:Find sources: 56: 52: 46: 45: 40:This article 38: 34: 29: 28: 19: 4830:* indicates 4796: 4694:Dream Chaser 4660:SpaceShipTwo 4654:SpaceShipOne 4509: 4248:Falcon Heavy 4162:Not assigned 3881: 3703:Experimental 3581:Twin Mustang 3551:Super Savage 3348: 3332:Experimental 3180:OV-10 Bronco 3093:B-45 Tornado 3088:XB-28 Dragon 2998:P-51 Mustang 918:the original 912: 896:the original 879: 861:. Retrieved 857:the original 846: 834:. Retrieved 830:the original 820: 808:. Retrieved 804:the original 793: 781:. Retrieved 777:the original 770: 740:. Retrieved 734: 707: 684: 683: 658: 654:adding to it 649: 624:Propellants: 623: 616: 614: 611:1 × scramjet 608: 602: 596: 590: 583: 581: 579: 569:carbon/epoxy 548: 537: 529: 526: 511: 502: 491:Please help 486:verification 483: 401: 394: 380: 376: 348: 336:US Air Force 317: 302: 297:, President 288: 230: 217: 213: 205: 203: 193:Primary user 174:Manufacturer 131: 113: 104: 94: 87: 80: 73: 61: 49:Please help 44:verification 41: 4899:Spaceplanes 4787:Silver Dart 4719:upper stage 4648:Gemini SC-2 4605:Boeing X-37 4566:VentureStar 4498:Hyperbola-2 4425:Kankoh-maru 4358:Orbex Prime 4327:Hyperbola-3 4306:Ariane Next 4285:* (booster) 4279:* (booster) 4254:New Shepard 3855:26–50 3546:Super Sabre 3291:Ranger 2000 3286:T-2 Buckeye 3276:T-28 Trojan 3163:Observation 3047:FJ-2/3 Fury 3017:F-86D Sabre 863:November 2, 836:November 2, 810:November 2, 783:November 2, 742:October 21, 617:Performance 609:Powerplant: 562:(TMC) with 554:, advanced 464:wind tunnel 399:"Hyper-X". 384:human-rated 285:Development 260:; note the 4848:Categories 4832:suborbital 4588:Spacecraft 4551:Tianjiao-1 4546:Sea Dragon 4469:(boosters) 4402:Tianlong-3 4333:Long March 4213:spacecraft 4168:Unofficial 3960:X-44 (UAV) 3955:X-44 MANTA 3712:1–25 3608:See also: 3536:Sabreliner 3521:Roadrunner 3404:Spacecraft 3300:Transports 3241:AT-6 Texan 3108:B-1 Lancer 892:2003051364 711:References 367:Rocketdyne 235:Washington 226:spacecraft 167:spaceplane 77:newspapers 4797:X-30 NASP 4759:Cancelled 4727:Proposals 4713:(capsule) 4707:(capsule) 4701:(capsule) 4690:(capsule) 4644:(capsule) 4508:Hopper / 4483:Falcon 1e 4418:Proposals 4410:(engines) 4352:New Glenn 4013:51– 3591:Vigilante 3531:Sabre Dog 3471:Hound Dog 3246:T-6 Texan 3134:AJ Savage 3052:FJ-4 Fury 691:NASA X-43 661:July 2020 628:slush LH2 597:Wingspan: 540:waverider 505:July 2020 137:X-30 NASP 4834:vehicles 4717:Starship 4699:Mengzhou 4621:Shenlong 4616:Dragon 2 4488:Falcon 5 4444:Canceled 4396:Terran R 4364:Pallas-1 4321:Electron 4311:CALLISTO 4242:Falcon 9 4108:See also 3586:Valkyrie 3486:Mitchell 3368:Missiles 3189:Trainers 2991:Fighters 983:aircraft 679:Scramjet 673:See also 533:scramjet 324:scramjet 107:May 2022 4782:Mustard 4630:Retired 4612:(CSSHQ) 4510:Phoenix 4451:Adeline 4346:Miura 5 4264:Retired 3657:X-plane 3566:Tornado 3516:Redhead 3491:Mustang 3476:Invader 3461:Harvard 3451:Buckeye 3434:By name 3375:SSM-N-4 3231:Harvard 3071:Bombers 2984:By role 941:YouTube 910:(ed.). 591:Length: 344:US Navy 262:conical 224:(SSTO) 165:(SSTO) 91:scholar 4771:Kliper 4734:Avatar 4642:Dragon 4598:Active 4556:Spiral 4503:HOPE-X 4467:Ares V 4461:Ares I 4456:Angara 4430:SASSTO 4408:Vulcan 4381:Skylon 4370:RLV-TD 4316:CORONA 4277:Petrel 4235:Active 3576:Trojan 3571:Torito 3556:Taurus 3541:Savage 3511:Rapier 3506:Ranger 3501:Navion 3496:Navaho 3481:Lancer 3446:Bronco 3441:Apache 3395:AGM-53 3390:AGM-28 3385:GAM-77 3323:MQM-42 3316:Drones 3307:NAC-60 3117:Attack 3062:XFV-12 2975:NA-704 2965:NA-431 2960:NA-430 2955:NA-420 2950:NA-407 2945:NA-406 2940:NA-405 2935:NA-404 2930:NA-403 2925:NA-402 2920:NA-401 2915:NA-400 2910:NA-399 2905:NA-398 2900:NA-397 2895:NA-396 2890:NA-395 2885:NA-394 2880:NA-393 2875:NA-392 2870:NA-391 2865:NA-390 2860:NA-389 2855:NA-388 2850:NA-387 2845:NA-386 2840:NA-385 2835:NA-384 2830:NA-383 2825:NA-382 2820:NA-381 2815:NA-380 2810:NA-379 2805:NA-378 2800:NA-377 2795:NA-376 2790:NA-375 2785:NA-374 2780:NA-373 2775:NA-372 2770:NA-371 2765:NA-370 2760:NA-369 2756:NA-368 2752:NA-367 2747:NA-366 2742:NA-365 2737:NA-364 2732:NA-363 2727:NA-362 2722:NA-361 2717:NA-360 2712:NA-359 2707:NA-358 2702:NA-357 2697:NA-356 2693:NA-355 2689:NA-354 2684:NA-353 2679:NA-352 2674:NA-351 2669:NA-350 2664:NA-349 2659:NA-348 2654:NA-347 2649:NA-346 2644:NA-345 2639:NA-344 2634:NA-343 2629:NA-342 2624:NA-341 2619:NA-340 2614:NA-339 2609:NA-338 2604:NA-337 2599:NA-336 2594:NA-335 2589:NA-334 2584:NA-333 2579:NA-332 2574:NA-331 2569:NA-330 2564:NA-329 2559:NA-328 2554:NA-327 2549:NA-326 2544:NA-325 2539:NA-324 2534:NA-323 2529:NA-322 2524:NA-321 2519:NA-320 2514:NA-319 2509:NA-318 2504:NA-317 2499:NA-316 2494:NA-315 2489:NA-314 2484:NA-313 2479:NA-312 2474:NA-311 2469:NA-310 2464:NA-309 2459:NA-308 2454:NA-307 2449:NA-306 2444:NA-305 2439:NA-304 2434:NA-303 2429:NA-302 2424:NA-301 2419:NA-300 2414:NA-299 2409:NA-298 2404:NA-297 2399:NA-296 2394:NA-295 2389:NA-294 2384:NA-293 2379:NA-292 2374:NA-291 2369:NA-290 2364:NA-289 2359:NA-288 2354:NA-287 2349:NA-286 2344:NA-285 2339:NA-284 2334:NA-283 2329:NA-282 2324:NA-281 2319:NA-280 2314:NA-279 2309:NA-278 2304:NA-277 2299:NA-276 2294:NA-275 2289:NA-274 2284:NA-273 2279:NA-272 2274:NA-271 2269:NA-270 2264:NA-269 2259:NA-268 2254:NA-267 2249:NA-266 2244:NA-265 2239:NA-264 2234:NA-263 2229:NA-262 2224:NA-261 2219:NA-260 2214:NA-259 2209:NA-258 2204:NA-257 2199:NA-256 2194:NA-255 2189:NA-254 2184:NA-253 2179:NA-252 2174:NA-251 2170:NA-250 2166:NA-249 2161:NA-248 2156:NA-247 2151:NA-246 2146:NA-245 2141:NA-244 2136:NA-243 2131:NA-242 2126:NA-241 2121:NA-240 2116:NA-239 2111:NA-238 2106:NA-237 2101:NA-236 2096:NA-235 2091:NA-234 2086:NA-233 2081:NA-232 2076:NA-231 2071:NA-230 2066:NA-229 2061:NA-228 2056:NA-227 2051:NA-226 2046:NA-225 2041:NA-224 2036:NA-223 2031:NA-222 2026:NA-221 2021:NA-220 2016:NA-219 2011:NA-218 2006:NA-217 2001:NA-216 1996:NA-215 1991:NA-214 1986:NA-213 1981:NA-212 1976:NA-211 1971:NA-210 1966:NA-209 1961:NA-208 1956:NA-207 1951:NA-206 1946:NA-205 1941:NA-204 1936:NA-203 1931:NA-202 1926:NA-201 1921:NA-200 1916:NA-199 1911:NA-198 1906:NA-197 1901:NA-196 1896:NA-195 1891:NA-194 1886:NA-193 1881:NA-192 1876:NA-191 1871:NA-190 1866:NA-189 1861:NA-188 1856:NA-187 1851:NA-186 1846:NA-185 1841:NA-184 1836:NA-183 1831:NA-182 1826:NA-181 1821:NA-180 1816:NA-179 1811:NA-178 1806:NA-177 1801:NA-176 1796:NA-175 1791:NA-174 1786:NA-173 1781:NA-172 1776:NA-171 1771:NA-170 1766:NA-169 1761:NA-168 1756:NA-167 1751:NA-166 1746:NA-165 1741:NA-164 1736:NA-163 1731:NA-162 1726:NA-161 1721:NA-160 1716:NA-159 1711:NA-158 1706:NA-157 1701:NA-156 1696:NA-155 1691:NA-154 1686:NA-153 1681:NA-152 1676:NA-151 1671:NA-150 1666:NA-149 1661:NA-148 1656:NA-147 1651:NA-146 1646:NA-145 1641:NA-144 1636:NA-143 1631:NA-142 1626:NA-141 1621:NA-140 1616:NA-139 1611:NA-138 1606:NA-137 1601:NA-136 1596:NA-135 1591:NA-134 1586:NA-133 1581:NA-132 1576:NA-131 1571:NA-130 1566:NA-129 1561:NA-128 1556:NA-127 1551:NA-126 1546:NA-125 1541:NA-124 1536:NA-123 1531:NA-122 1526:NA-121 1521:NA-120 1516:NA-119 1511:NA-118 1506:NA-117 1501:NA-116 1496:NA-115 1491:NA-114 1486:NA-113 1481:NA-112 1476:NA-111 1471:NA-110 1466:NA-109 1461:NA-108 1456:NA-107 1451:NA-106 1446:NA-105 1441:NA-104 1436:NA-103 1431:NA-102 1426:NA-101 1421:NA-100 890:  430:Design 404:mockup 391:Legacy 357:, and 338:, the 322:8 for 274:mockup 185:Status 93:  86:  79:  72:  64:  4750:SUSIE 4711:Orion 4541:Roton 4516:HOTOL 4493:Nexus 4150:XQ-67 4145:XQ-58 4140:M2-F3 4135:M2-F2 4130:M2-F1 4125:HL-10 4120:HiMAT 3987:X-47C 3982:X-47B 3951:X-44 3839:X-24C 3561:Texan 3526:Sabre 3466:HiMAT 3380:SM-64 3359:HiMAT 3261:XSN2J 3216:BT-14 3211:BT-10 3201:NA-35 3196:NA-16 3078:XB-21 3032:F-107 3022:YF-93 1416:NA-99 1411:NA-98 1406:NA-97 1401:NA-96 1396:NA-95 1391:NA-94 1386:NA-93 1381:NA-92 1376:NA-91 1371:NA-90 1366:NA-89 1361:NA-88 1356:NA-87 1351:NA-86 1346:NA-85 1341:NA-84 1336:NA-83 1331:NA-82 1326:NA-81 1322:NA-80 1318:NA-79 1313:NA-78 1308:NA-77 1303:NA-76 1298:NA-75 1293:NA-74 1288:NA-73 1283:NA-72 1278:NA-71 1273:NA-70 1268:NA-69 1263:NA-68 1258:NA-67 1253:NA-66 1248:NA-65 1243:NA-64 1238:NA-63 1233:NA-62 1228:NA-61 1223:NA-60 1218:NA-59 1213:NA-58 1208:NA-57 1203:NA-56 1198:NA-55 1193:NA-54 1188:NA-53 1183:NA-52 1178:NA-51 1173:NA-50 1168:NA-49 1163:NA-48 1158:NA-47 1153:NA-46 1148:NA-45 1143:NA-44 1138:NA-43 1133:NA-42 1128:NA-41 1123:NA-40 1118:NA-39 1113:NA-38 1108:NA-37 1103:NA-36 1098:NA-35 1093:NA-34 1088:NA-33 1083:NA-32 1078:NA-31 1073:NA-30 1068:NA-29 1063:NA-28 1058:NA-27 1053:NA-26 1048:NA-25 1043:NA-24 1038:NA-23 1033:NA-22 1028:NA-21 1023:NA-20 1018:NA-19 1013:NA-18 1008:NA-17 1003:NA-16 998:NA-15 921:(PDF) 899:(PDF) 884:(PDF) 772:TOTSE 702:HOTOL 250:model 239:Tokyo 98:JSTOR 84:books 4803:X-33 4792:SOAR 4776:Lynx 4671:X-15 4531:MAKS 4300:Amur 4283:Skua 4211:and 4115:AD-1 4095:X-66 4090:X-65 4085:X-64 4080:X-63 4075:X-62 4070:X-61 4065:X-60 4060:X-59 4055:X-58 4050:X-57 4045:X-56 4040:X-55 4035:X-54 4030:X-53 4025:X-52 4020:X-51 4004:X-50 3999:X-49 3994:X-48 3977:X-47 3972:X-46 3967:X-45 3947:X-43 3942:X-42 3937:X-41 3932:X-40 3927:X-39 3922:X-38 3917:X-37 3912:X-36 3907:X-35 3902:X-34 3897:X-33 3892:X-32 3887:X-31 3882:X-30 3877:X-29 3872:X-28 3867:X-27 3862:X-26 3846:X-25 3834:X-24 3829:X-23 3824:X-22 3819:X-21 3814:X-20 3809:X-19 3804:X-18 3799:X-17 3794:X-16 3789:X-15 3784:X-14 3779:X-13 3774:X-12 3769:X-11 3764:X-10 3596:Yale 3456:Fury 3416:DC-3 3354:X-31 3349:X-30 3344:X-15 3339:X-10 3281:T-39 3251:NJ-1 3236:BC-2 3226:BC-1 3221:Yale 3206:BT-9 3175:L-17 3170:O-47 3124:A-27 3098:B-64 3042:FJ-1 3013:F-86 3003:P-64 2970:D481 979:and 888:LCCN 865:2023 838:2023 812:2023 785:2023 744:2014 626:air/ 397:X-43 369:and 320:Mach 218:NASP 204:The 197:NASA 159:Type 70:news 4766:H-2 4561:V-2 4521:K-1 3759:X-9 3754:X-8 3749:X-7 3744:X-6 3739:X-5 3734:X-4 3729:X-3 3724:X-2 3719:X-1 3694:S-5 3689:S-4 3684:S-3 3679:S-2 3674:S-1 3271:T3J 3266:T2J 3256:SNJ 3149:A-2 3144:A3J 3057:F-1 939:on 656:. 495:by 422:in 346:). 256:in 237:to 53:by 4850:: 769:. 752:^ 733:. 719:^ 426:. 353:, 4811:* 4805:* 4799:* 4778:* 4746:* 4673:* 4662:* 4656:* 4650:* 4256:* 4201:e 4194:t 4187:v 3655:( 3644:e 3637:t 3630:v 3015:/ 969:e 962:t 955:v 867:. 840:. 814:. 787:. 746:. 663:) 659:( 518:) 512:( 507:) 503:( 489:. 216:( 120:) 114:( 109:) 105:( 95:· 88:· 81:· 74:· 47:. 20:)

Index

National Aerospace Plane

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Single-stage-to-orbit
spaceplane
Manufacturer
Rockwell International
NASA
technology demonstrator
single-stage-to-orbit
spacecraft
Washington
Tokyo

model
U.S. Space & Rocket Center
Huntsville, Alabama
conical

mockup

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