245:
269:
643:
435:
475:
33:
459:
144:
443:
451:
549:
Temperatures on the airframe were expected to be 980 °C (1,800 °F) over a large part of the surface, with maxima of more than 1,650 °C (3,000 °F) on the leading edges and portions of the engine. This required the development of high temperature lightweight materials, including
373:
were each awarded contracts of $ 175 M to develop engines/propulsion. The airframe contractors would compete and two or three would be eliminated after a year. The plan was that 42 months later (end of 1989), contracts would be awarded to build the flight demonstrator vehicle.
571:
cryogenic hydrogen tank was integrated with the fuselage section and the whole assembly, including volatile and combustible hydrogen, was successfully tested with mechanical loads and a temperature of 820 °C (1,500 °F) in 1992, just before program cancellation.
330:, which would expend considerable energy. The project showed that much of this energy could be recovered by passing hydrogen over the skin and carrying the heat into the combustion chamber: Mach 20 then seemed possible. The result was a program funded by NASA, and the
386:
vehicle, with instrumentation, environmental control systems and safety equipment, made the X-30 larger, heavier, and more expensive than required for a technology demonstrator. The X-30 program was terminated amid budget cuts and technical concerns in 1993.
228:
and passenger spaceliner. Started in 1986, it was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner (the
530:
The X-30 configuration integrated engine and fuselage. The shovel-shaped forward fuselage generated a shock wave to compress air before it entered the engine. The aft fuselage formed an integrated nozzle to expand the exhaust. The engine between was a
381:
Despite progress in the necessary structural and propulsion technology, NASA had substantial problems to solve. The
Department of Defense wanted it to carry a crew of two and a small payload. The demands of being a
566:
fibers. Titanium matrix composites were used by McDonnell
Douglas to create a representative fuselage section called "Task D". The Task D test article was four feet high by eight feet wide by eight feet long. A
377:
In 1990, the companies joined under the direction of
Rockwell International to develop the craft, to deal with the technical and budgetary obstacles. Development of the X-30, as it was then designated, began.
546:. The "wings" were small fins providing trim and control. This configuration was efficient for high-speed flight, but would have made takeoff, landing and slow-speed flight difficult.
916:. Vol. III: The Quest for Orbital Jet: The National Aero-Space Plane Program (1983–1995). Bolling Air Force Base, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. Archived from
280:
campus of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in
Huntsville, Alabama; note the flat, duckbill nose and double-dorsal fin tail that distinguishes it from the older model.
967:
911:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2834:
2829:
2819:
2809:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2701:
2683:
2673:
2668:
2653:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2588:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2513:
2488:
2293:
2105:
1660:
1575:
4084:
4853:
3642:
4199:
766:
960:
4749:
730:
4878:
953:
4863:
4609:
17:
3926:
3635:
3620:
4903:
4192:
852:
799:
97:
4858:
3445:
3179:
2934:
2899:
2716:
2688:
2658:
2628:
2608:
2523:
2503:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2443:
2428:
2423:
2418:
825:
69:
4765:
4560:
4550:
4472:
4029:
331:
4888:
4873:
917:
878:
3628:
3410:
514:
116:
76:
4185:
3580:
3550:
3545:
3138:
3026:
3007:
2228:
2223:
2193:
2188:
2145:
2135:
2095:
2070:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2005:
1990:
1975:
1880:
1820:
1735:
1710:
1670:
1665:
1640:
1535:
1520:
568:
4497:
4326:
294:
4893:
3976:
496:
492:
83:
54:
50:
4868:
3585:
3102:
2493:
2433:
2348:
2323:
2308:
2288:
2253:
2238:
2213:
2115:
419:
253:
3590:
3510:
3485:
3153:
3143:
3082:
3036:
2663:
2498:
2408:
2398:
2333:
2313:
2278:
2263:
2258:
2233:
2208:
2203:
2155:
2100:
2085:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1460:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1385:
1370:
1355:
1330:
1232:
1122:
555:
407:
339:
776:
65:
4074:
4059:
3565:
3490:
3092:
3087:
3046:
2997:
2060:
1995:
1900:
1890:
1845:
1825:
1815:
1730:
1685:
1655:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1585:
1570:
1565:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1510:
1505:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1415:
1395:
1375:
1365:
1335:
1287:
1257:
1237:
4883:
4332:
3959:
3954:
3575:
3530:
3450:
3285:
3275:
3265:
3016:
2939:
2904:
2894:
2751:
2706:
2678:
2648:
2618:
2578:
2508:
2468:
2453:
2388:
2373:
2358:
2338:
2318:
2248:
2218:
2183:
2178:
2165:
2130:
2125:
2080:
2050:
2045:
2015:
2010:
1955:
1945:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1870:
1865:
1805:
1790:
1785:
1775:
1745:
1740:
1715:
940:
383:
886:. Monographs in Aerospace History. Vol. 31. Washington, D.C.: NASA Office of External Relations.
4743:
3535:
3525:
3280:
3270:
3220:
3012:
2929:
2924:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2844:
2839:
2814:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2598:
2553:
2518:
2458:
2448:
2403:
2383:
2378:
2368:
2353:
2343:
2328:
2303:
2298:
2273:
2268:
2243:
2198:
2150:
2110:
2075:
2055:
2025:
2000:
1985:
1970:
1950:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1885:
1875:
1855:
1810:
1800:
1780:
1770:
1755:
1725:
1680:
1675:
1620:
1580:
1380:
1242:
945:
653:
4555:
3936:
3560:
3555:
3540:
3460:
3374:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3148:
3133:
3056:
3051:
3041:
2393:
2173:
2160:
2140:
2065:
2020:
1965:
1960:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1795:
1765:
1760:
1720:
1700:
1695:
1650:
1625:
1590:
1560:
1525:
1515:
1360:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1252:
1247:
1217:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1182:
1142:
1102:
1052:
4831:
4535:
4525:
4515:
3998:
3941:
3866:
2824:
976:
701:
485:
411:
209:
43:
3650:
527:
The original concept was for a conical nose, this evolved (after 1987?) to a flat shovel shape.
4738:
4492:
4455:
4450:
4208:
4149:
4079:
4069:
3986:
3981:
3911:
3861:
3455:
2090:
980:
559:
354:
178:
173:
4698:
4665:
4620:
4299:
4144:
4064:
4019:
4003:
3901:
3813:
3652:
3520:
3515:
3420:
3322:
3306:
2593:
2363:
2283:
1595:
1500:
221:
162:
4898:
4802:
4044:
4039:
3906:
3896:
3833:
3728:
3683:
3505:
3290:
3260:
3200:
3195:
3077:
3031:
3021:
1980:
1750:
1705:
1630:
1277:
1272:
1227:
1207:
1187:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1097:
1092:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1012:
1002:
362:
90:
8:
4733:
4670:
4545:
4507:
4380:
4320:
4212:
4177:
3808:
3788:
3763:
3753:
3733:
3688:
3595:
3570:
3480:
3475:
3440:
3415:
3343:
3338:
3250:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3169:
3128:
3123:
3107:
3002:
2969:
2120:
1405:
1267:
1262:
1222:
1212:
1177:
1172:
1112:
1072:
1062:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1017:
1007:
997:
423:
361:
were awarded contracts (each no more than $ 35 M) to develop technology for a hypersonic
327:
289:
The NASP concept is thought to have been derived from the "Copper Canyon" project of the
257:
4710:
4374:
3778:
907:
735:
551:
415:
370:
277:
4791:
4786:
4704:
4530:
4089:
4049:
3886:
3828:
3353:
887:
350:
4687:
4477:
4390:
3656:
3470:
3389:
3384:
543:
358:
234:
856:
803:
4716:
4641:
4636:
4615:
4407:
4385:
4315:
4276:
4034:
3871:
3758:
3061:
2696:
696:
563:
244:
829:
4808:
4434:
4429:
4139:
4134:
4124:
4119:
3838:
3609:
3465:
3358:
913:
The
Hypersonic Revolution: Case Studies in the History of Hypersonic Technology
627:
312:
308:
303:
934:
4847:
4540:
4282:
4270:
3818:
3798:
3394:
2463:
2413:
298:
268:
4693:
4659:
4653:
4520:
4247:
3876:
3773:
3768:
3748:
3495:
3379:
3097:
2974:
1087:
1082:
895:
335:
264:
nose and single-dorsal fin tail that distinguishes it from the newer model.
880:
American X-Vehicles: An
Inventory—X-1 to X-50 Centennial of Flight Edition
4781:
4647:
4604:
4565:
4424:
4305:
4253:
4094:
3993:
3971:
3966:
3931:
3916:
3891:
3803:
3743:
3500:
3174:
2438:
1690:
1645:
1635:
463:
319:
249:
642:
4401:
4129:
3845:
499: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
434:
366:
241:, the X-30 was planned for a crew of two and oriented towards testing.
225:
166:
975:
4775:
4482:
4351:
4114:
3946:
3921:
3823:
3793:
3783:
690:
539:
396:
474:
32:
4487:
4395:
4363:
4357:
4310:
4241:
3738:
3723:
3718:
3693:
3678:
3673:
678:
532:
323:
891:
334:(funding was approximately equally divided among NASA, DARPA, the
315:, attaining low earth orbit or flying to Tokyo within two hours".
4345:
343:
798:
Andersen, Drucella; Baker, Sue; Sandy, Mary (November 4, 1991).
4770:
4502:
4466:
4460:
4369:
403:
273:
458:
450:
442:
143:
771:
290:
238:
800:"Mississippi State Wins Aero-Space Plane Mockup Competition"
535:. At the time, no scramjet engine was close to operational.
395:
A more modest hypersonic program culminated in the uncrewed
877:
Jenkins, Dennis R.; Landis, Tony; Miller, Jay (June 2003).
261:
196:
4207:
550:
alloys of titanium and aluminum known as gamma and alpha
307:
that could, by the end of the next decade, take off from
731:"25 Years Ago, NASA Envisioned Its Own 'Orient Express'"
575:
542:. Most of the lift was generated by the fuselage by
876:
828:. Raspet Flight Research Laboratory. Archived from
685:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
797:
538:The aerodynamic configuration was an example of a
853:"X-30 National Aero-Space Plane Mockup Rolls Out"
406:of the X-30 was built by engineering students at
129:US NASA & DOD hypersonic project in 1986–1993
4845:
328:would generate heat due to adiabatic compression
220:), part of a United States project to create a
767:"National Aero-Space Plane Program Fact Sheet"
633:
438:A 1986 artist's concept of the NASP on liftoff
148:An artist's concept of the X-30 entering orbit
4193:
3636:
961:
4854:1993 disestablishments in the United States
454:An artist's concept of the X-30 on re-entry
402:A detailed, one-third scale (50-foot long)
4200:
4186:
3643:
3629:
968:
954:
936:Aero-Space Plane: Flexible Access to Space
905:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
704: – UK spaceplane design of the 1980s
515:Learn how and when to remove this message
291:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
4610:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
850:
457:
449:
446:An artist's concept of the X-30 in orbit
441:
433:
410:'s Raspet Flight Research Laboratory in
267:
243:
724:
722:
720:
14:
4846:
750:
318:Research suggested a maximum speed of
4586:
4223:
4181:
3624:
949:
728:
599:74 ft 0 in (22.5552 m)
593:160 ft 0 in (48.768 m)
851:Andersen, Drucella (June 10, 1992).
717:
637:
497:adding citations to reliable sources
468:
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
729:Chang, Kenneth (October 20, 2014).
332:United States Department of Defense
293:(DARPA), from 1982 to 1985. In his
233:) capable of two-hour flights from
24:
4224:
25:
4915:
3411:Apollo command and service module
928:
693:(essentially a scaled-down model)
605:300,000 lb (136,077 kg)
576:Specifications (X-30 as designed)
4879:Proposed reusable launch systems
641:
473:
326:-based aircraft, as the vehicle
311:, accelerate up to 25 times the
142:
31:
4864:Cancelled space launch vehicles
484:needs additional citations for
295:1986 State of the Union Address
42:needs additional citations for
4587:
844:
818:
791:
420:U.S. Space & Rocket Center
284:
254:U.S. Space & Rocket Center
13:
1:
710:
4904:Tailless delta-wing aircraft
408:Mississippi State University
340:Strategic Defense Initiative
7:
4859:Cancelled aircraft projects
4744:Ya Guidao Gainian Feixingqi
672:
634:Design and materials legacy
10:
4920:
4165:Assigned to multiple types
906:Schweikart, Larry (1998).
414:. It is on display at the
4889:Scramjet-powered aircraft
4874:Hydrogen-powered aircraft
4826:
4758:
4726:
4680:
4629:
4597:
4593:
4582:
4443:
4417:
4292:
4263:
4234:
4230:
4219:
4158:
4107:
4012:
3854:
3711:
3702:
3664:
3659:) designations since 1941
3604:
3433:
3403:
3367:
3331:
3315:
3299:
3188:
3162:
3116:
3070:
2990:
2983:
988:
429:
390:
214:National Aero-Space Plane
192:
184:
172:
158:
153:
141:
136:
556:carbon/carbon composites
18:National Aerospace Plane
4536:Reusable Booster System
4526:Liquid Fly-back Booster
4209:Reusable launch systems
3665:Supersonic/special test
584:General characteristics
412:Starkville, Mississippi
365:SSTO vehicle/airframe.
210:technology demonstrator
4739:Goodyear Meteor Junior
4273:(orbiter and boosters)
981:Rockwell International
855:. NASA. Archived from
802:. NASA. Archived from
650:This section is empty.
560:metal matrix composite
466:
455:
447:
439:
355:Rockwell International
342:Office (SDIO) and the
281:
265:
179:Rockwell International
4894:Single-stage-to-orbit
4666:Space Shuttle orbiter
3653:experimental aircraft
3651:USAF / Joint Service
461:
453:
445:
437:
271:
247:
222:single-stage-to-orbit
163:Single-stage-to-orbit
4869:Cancelled spacecraft
859:on September 3, 2009
826:"History: NASP X-30"
493:improve this article
51:improve this article
4637:Buran-class orbiter
4478:Energia II (Uragan)
908:Hallion, Richard P.
806:on December 5, 2007
462:An X-30 model in a
424:Huntsville, Alabama
371:Pratt & Whitney
258:Huntsville, Alabama
154:General information
4375:Rocket Lab Neutron
3705:"X" (1948–present)
901:on April 25, 2020.
736:The New York Times
552:titanium aluminide
467:
456:
448:
440:
416:Aviation Challenge
301:called for "a new
282:
278:Aviation Challenge
276:on display at the
266:
252:on display at the
4884:Rockwell aircraft
4841:
4840:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4705:Orel (spacecraft)
4578:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4386:Starship (SpaceX)
4175:
4174:
4103:
4102:
3618:
3617:
3429:
3428:
3139:XA2J Super Savage
3027:F-100 Super Sabre
3008:F-82 Twin Mustang
832:on March 17, 2005
670:
669:
525:
524:
517:
351:McDonnell Douglas
202:
201:
188:Cancelled in 1993
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
4911:
4688:Boeing Starliner
4595:
4594:
4584:
4583:
4391:Stoke Space Nova
4340:8R (first stage)
4337:6X (first stage)
4232:
4231:
4221:
4220:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4179:
4178:
4056:
4026:
3709:
3708:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3622:
3621:
2988:
2987:
970:
963:
956:
947:
946:
937:
924:
923:on July 2, 2015.
922:
902:
900:
894:. Archived from
885:
869:
868:
866:
864:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
795:
789:
788:
786:
784:
779:on April 2, 2016
775:. Archived from
763:
748:
747:
745:
743:
726:
665:
662:
652:You can help by
645:
638:
619:
586:
544:compression lift
520:
513:
509:
506:
500:
477:
469:
359:General Dynamics
248:An older design
212:project for the
208:was an advanced
146:
134:
133:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4814:
4754:
4722:
4676:
4625:
4589:
4570:
4439:
4413:
4288:
4259:
4226:
4215:
4206:
4176:
4171:
4154:
4099:
4054:
4024:
4008:
3850:
3704:
3698:
3667:"S" (1946–1947)
3666:
3660:
3649:
3619:
3614:
3600:
3425:
3399:
3363:
3327:
3311:
3295:
3184:
3158:
3112:
3066:
2979:
991:"Charge Number"
990:
984:
974:
935:
931:
920:
898:
883:
873:
872:
862:
860:
849:
845:
835:
833:
824:
823:
819:
809:
807:
796:
792:
782:
780:
765:
764:
751:
741:
739:
727:
718:
713:
697:Tupolev Tu-2000
675:
666:
660:
657:
636:
615:
582:
578:
564:silicon carbide
558:, and titanium
521:
510:
504:
501:
490:
478:
432:
393:
349:In April 1986,
287:
272:A newer design
149:
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
66:"Rockwell X-30"
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4917:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4809:SpaceShipThree
4806:
4800:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4691:
4684:
4682:
4681:In development
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4435:Saturn-Shuttle
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4296:
4294:
4293:In development
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4225:Launch systems
4217:
4216:
4205:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4182:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3625:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3610:Aero Commander
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3129:A-36 "Mustang"
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3103:XB-70 Valkyrie
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:B-25 Mitchell
3080:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
992:
986:
985:
977:North American
973:
972:
965:
958:
950:
944:
943:
930:
929:External links
927:
926:
925:
903:
871:
870:
843:
817:
790:
749:
715:
714:
712:
709:
706:
705:
699:
694:
682:
681:
674:
671:
668:
667:
648:
646:
635:
632:
631:
630:
613:
612:
606:
600:
594:
577:
574:
523:
522:
481:
479:
472:
431:
428:
418:campus of the
392:
389:
313:speed of sound
309:Dulles Airport
304:Orient Express
286:
283:
231:Orient Express
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
176:
170:
169:
160:
156:
155:
151:
150:
147:
139:
138:
128:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4916:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4581:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:Chang Cheng-1
4471:
4468:
4465:
4463:(first stage)
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4406:
4404:(first stage)
4403:
4400:
4398:(first stage)
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:(first stage)
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:(first stage)
4365:
4362:
4360:(first stage)
4359:
4356:
4354:(first stage)
4353:
4350:
4348:(first stage)
4347:
4344:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4329:(first stage)
4328:
4325:
4323:(first stage)
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:(first stage)
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4271:Space Shuttle
4269:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4252:
4250:(core stages)
4249:
4246:
4244:(first stage)
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4198:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3421:Space Shuttle
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3154:A-5 Vigilante
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:XF-108 Rapier
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
993:
989:Manufacturer
987:
982:
978:
971:
966:
964:
959:
957:
952:
951:
948:
942:
938:
933:
932:
919:
915:
914:
909:
904:
897:
893:
889:
882:
881:
875:
874:
858:
854:
847:
831:
827:
821:
805:
801:
794:
778:
774:
773:
768:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
738:
737:
732:
725:
723:
721:
716:
708:
703:
700:
698:
695:
692:
689:
688:
687:
686:
680:
677:
676:
664:
655:
651:
647:
644:
640:
639:
629:
625:
622:
621:
620:
618:
610:
607:
604:
603:Gross weight:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
588:
587:
585:
580:
573:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
547:
545:
541:
536:
534:
528:
519:
516:
508:
498:
494:
488:
487:
482:This section
480:
476:
471:
470:
465:
460:
452:
444:
436:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
388:
385:
379:
375:
372:
368:
364:
363:air-breathing
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
305:
300:
299:Ronald Reagan
296:
292:
279:
275:
270:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
240:
236:
232:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:Rockwell X-30
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:
177:
175:
171:
168:
164:
161:
157:
152:
145:
140:
135:
132:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
4830:* indicates
4796:
4694:Dream Chaser
4660:SpaceShipTwo
4654:SpaceShipOne
4509:
4248:Falcon Heavy
4162:Not assigned
3881:
3703:Experimental
3581:Twin Mustang
3551:Super Savage
3348:
3332:Experimental
3180:OV-10 Bronco
3093:B-45 Tornado
3088:XB-28 Dragon
2998:P-51 Mustang
918:the original
912:
896:the original
879:
861:. Retrieved
857:the original
846:
834:. Retrieved
830:the original
820:
808:. Retrieved
804:the original
793:
781:. Retrieved
777:the original
770:
740:. Retrieved
734:
707:
684:
683:
658:
654:adding to it
649:
624:Propellants:
623:
616:
614:
611:1 × scramjet
608:
602:
596:
590:
583:
581:
579:
569:carbon/epoxy
548:
537:
529:
526:
511:
502:
491:Please help
486:verification
483:
401:
394:
380:
376:
348:
336:US Air Force
317:
302:
297:, President
288:
230:
217:
213:
205:
203:
193:Primary user
174:Manufacturer
131:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
4899:Spaceplanes
4787:Silver Dart
4719:upper stage
4648:Gemini SC-2
4605:Boeing X-37
4566:VentureStar
4498:Hyperbola-2
4425:Kankoh-maru
4358:Orbex Prime
4327:Hyperbola-3
4306:Ariane Next
4285:* (booster)
4279:* (booster)
4254:New Shepard
3855:26–50
3546:Super Sabre
3291:Ranger 2000
3286:T-2 Buckeye
3276:T-28 Trojan
3163:Observation
3047:FJ-2/3 Fury
3017:F-86D Sabre
863:November 2,
836:November 2,
810:November 2,
783:November 2,
742:October 21,
617:Performance
609:Powerplant:
562:(TMC) with
554:, advanced
464:wind tunnel
399:"Hyper-X".
384:human-rated
285:Development
260:; note the
4848:Categories
4832:suborbital
4588:Spacecraft
4551:Tianjiao-1
4546:Sea Dragon
4469:(boosters)
4402:Tianlong-3
4333:Long March
4213:spacecraft
4168:Unofficial
3960:X-44 (UAV)
3955:X-44 MANTA
3712:1–25
3608:See also:
3536:Sabreliner
3521:Roadrunner
3404:Spacecraft
3300:Transports
3241:AT-6 Texan
3108:B-1 Lancer
892:2003051364
711:References
367:Rocketdyne
235:Washington
226:spacecraft
167:spaceplane
77:newspapers
4797:X-30 NASP
4759:Cancelled
4727:Proposals
4713:(capsule)
4707:(capsule)
4701:(capsule)
4690:(capsule)
4644:(capsule)
4508:Hopper /
4483:Falcon 1e
4418:Proposals
4410:(engines)
4352:New Glenn
4013:51–
3591:Vigilante
3531:Sabre Dog
3471:Hound Dog
3246:T-6 Texan
3134:AJ Savage
3052:FJ-4 Fury
691:NASA X-43
661:July 2020
628:slush LH2
597:Wingspan:
540:waverider
505:July 2020
137:X-30 NASP
4834:vehicles
4717:Starship
4699:Mengzhou
4621:Shenlong
4616:Dragon 2
4488:Falcon 5
4444:Canceled
4396:Terran R
4364:Pallas-1
4321:Electron
4311:CALLISTO
4242:Falcon 9
4108:See also
3586:Valkyrie
3486:Mitchell
3368:Missiles
3189:Trainers
2991:Fighters
983:aircraft
679:Scramjet
673:See also
533:scramjet
324:scramjet
107:May 2022
4782:Mustard
4630:Retired
4612:(CSSHQ)
4510:Phoenix
4451:Adeline
4346:Miura 5
4264:Retired
3657:X-plane
3566:Tornado
3516:Redhead
3491:Mustang
3476:Invader
3461:Harvard
3451:Buckeye
3434:By name
3375:SSM-N-4
3231:Harvard
3071:Bombers
2984:By role
941:YouTube
910:(ed.).
591:Length:
344:US Navy
262:conical
224:(SSTO)
165:(SSTO)
91:scholar
4771:Kliper
4734:Avatar
4642:Dragon
4598:Active
4556:Spiral
4503:HOPE-X
4467:Ares V
4461:Ares I
4456:Angara
4430:SASSTO
4408:Vulcan
4381:Skylon
4370:RLV-TD
4316:CORONA
4277:Petrel
4235:Active
3576:Trojan
3571:Torito
3556:Taurus
3541:Savage
3511:Rapier
3506:Ranger
3501:Navion
3496:Navaho
3481:Lancer
3446:Bronco
3441:Apache
3395:AGM-53
3390:AGM-28
3385:GAM-77
3323:MQM-42
3316:Drones
3307:NAC-60
3117:Attack
3062:XFV-12
2975:NA-704
2965:NA-431
2960:NA-430
2955:NA-420
2950:NA-407
2945:NA-406
2940:NA-405
2935:NA-404
2930:NA-403
2925:NA-402
2920:NA-401
2915:NA-400
2910:NA-399
2905:NA-398
2900:NA-397
2895:NA-396
2890:NA-395
2885:NA-394
2880:NA-393
2875:NA-392
2870:NA-391
2865:NA-390
2860:NA-389
2855:NA-388
2850:NA-387
2845:NA-386
2840:NA-385
2835:NA-384
2830:NA-383
2825:NA-382
2820:NA-381
2815:NA-380
2810:NA-379
2805:NA-378
2800:NA-377
2795:NA-376
2790:NA-375
2785:NA-374
2780:NA-373
2775:NA-372
2770:NA-371
2765:NA-370
2760:NA-369
2756:NA-368
2752:NA-367
2747:NA-366
2742:NA-365
2737:NA-364
2732:NA-363
2727:NA-362
2722:NA-361
2717:NA-360
2712:NA-359
2707:NA-358
2702:NA-357
2697:NA-356
2693:NA-355
2689:NA-354
2684:NA-353
2679:NA-352
2674:NA-351
2669:NA-350
2664:NA-349
2659:NA-348
2654:NA-347
2649:NA-346
2644:NA-345
2639:NA-344
2634:NA-343
2629:NA-342
2624:NA-341
2619:NA-340
2614:NA-339
2609:NA-338
2604:NA-337
2599:NA-336
2594:NA-335
2589:NA-334
2584:NA-333
2579:NA-332
2574:NA-331
2569:NA-330
2564:NA-329
2559:NA-328
2554:NA-327
2549:NA-326
2544:NA-325
2539:NA-324
2534:NA-323
2529:NA-322
2524:NA-321
2519:NA-320
2514:NA-319
2509:NA-318
2504:NA-317
2499:NA-316
2494:NA-315
2489:NA-314
2484:NA-313
2479:NA-312
2474:NA-311
2469:NA-310
2464:NA-309
2459:NA-308
2454:NA-307
2449:NA-306
2444:NA-305
2439:NA-304
2434:NA-303
2429:NA-302
2424:NA-301
2419:NA-300
2414:NA-299
2409:NA-298
2404:NA-297
2399:NA-296
2394:NA-295
2389:NA-294
2384:NA-293
2379:NA-292
2374:NA-291
2369:NA-290
2364:NA-289
2359:NA-288
2354:NA-287
2349:NA-286
2344:NA-285
2339:NA-284
2334:NA-283
2329:NA-282
2324:NA-281
2319:NA-280
2314:NA-279
2309:NA-278
2304:NA-277
2299:NA-276
2294:NA-275
2289:NA-274
2284:NA-273
2279:NA-272
2274:NA-271
2269:NA-270
2264:NA-269
2259:NA-268
2254:NA-267
2249:NA-266
2244:NA-265
2239:NA-264
2234:NA-263
2229:NA-262
2224:NA-261
2219:NA-260
2214:NA-259
2209:NA-258
2204:NA-257
2199:NA-256
2194:NA-255
2189:NA-254
2184:NA-253
2179:NA-252
2174:NA-251
2170:NA-250
2166:NA-249
2161:NA-248
2156:NA-247
2151:NA-246
2146:NA-245
2141:NA-244
2136:NA-243
2131:NA-242
2126:NA-241
2121:NA-240
2116:NA-239
2111:NA-238
2106:NA-237
2101:NA-236
2096:NA-235
2091:NA-234
2086:NA-233
2081:NA-232
2076:NA-231
2071:NA-230
2066:NA-229
2061:NA-228
2056:NA-227
2051:NA-226
2046:NA-225
2041:NA-224
2036:NA-223
2031:NA-222
2026:NA-221
2021:NA-220
2016:NA-219
2011:NA-218
2006:NA-217
2001:NA-216
1996:NA-215
1991:NA-214
1986:NA-213
1981:NA-212
1976:NA-211
1971:NA-210
1966:NA-209
1961:NA-208
1956:NA-207
1951:NA-206
1946:NA-205
1941:NA-204
1936:NA-203
1931:NA-202
1926:NA-201
1921:NA-200
1916:NA-199
1911:NA-198
1906:NA-197
1901:NA-196
1896:NA-195
1891:NA-194
1886:NA-193
1881:NA-192
1876:NA-191
1871:NA-190
1866:NA-189
1861:NA-188
1856:NA-187
1851:NA-186
1846:NA-185
1841:NA-184
1836:NA-183
1831:NA-182
1826:NA-181
1821:NA-180
1816:NA-179
1811:NA-178
1806:NA-177
1801:NA-176
1796:NA-175
1791:NA-174
1786:NA-173
1781:NA-172
1776:NA-171
1771:NA-170
1766:NA-169
1761:NA-168
1756:NA-167
1751:NA-166
1746:NA-165
1741:NA-164
1736:NA-163
1731:NA-162
1726:NA-161
1721:NA-160
1716:NA-159
1711:NA-158
1706:NA-157
1701:NA-156
1696:NA-155
1691:NA-154
1686:NA-153
1681:NA-152
1676:NA-151
1671:NA-150
1666:NA-149
1661:NA-148
1656:NA-147
1651:NA-146
1646:NA-145
1641:NA-144
1636:NA-143
1631:NA-142
1626:NA-141
1621:NA-140
1616:NA-139
1611:NA-138
1606:NA-137
1601:NA-136
1596:NA-135
1591:NA-134
1586:NA-133
1581:NA-132
1576:NA-131
1571:NA-130
1566:NA-129
1561:NA-128
1556:NA-127
1551:NA-126
1546:NA-125
1541:NA-124
1536:NA-123
1531:NA-122
1526:NA-121
1521:NA-120
1516:NA-119
1511:NA-118
1506:NA-117
1501:NA-116
1496:NA-115
1491:NA-114
1486:NA-113
1481:NA-112
1476:NA-111
1471:NA-110
1466:NA-109
1461:NA-108
1456:NA-107
1451:NA-106
1446:NA-105
1441:NA-104
1436:NA-103
1431:NA-102
1426:NA-101
1421:NA-100
890:
430:Design
404:mockup
391:Legacy
357:, and
338:, the
322:8 for
274:mockup
185:Status
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
4750:SUSIE
4711:Orion
4541:Roton
4516:HOTOL
4493:Nexus
4150:XQ-67
4145:XQ-58
4140:M2-F3
4135:M2-F2
4130:M2-F1
4125:HL-10
4120:HiMAT
3987:X-47C
3982:X-47B
3951:X-44
3839:X-24C
3561:Texan
3526:Sabre
3466:HiMAT
3380:SM-64
3359:HiMAT
3261:XSN2J
3216:BT-14
3211:BT-10
3201:NA-35
3196:NA-16
3078:XB-21
3032:F-107
3022:YF-93
1416:NA-99
1411:NA-98
1406:NA-97
1401:NA-96
1396:NA-95
1391:NA-94
1386:NA-93
1381:NA-92
1376:NA-91
1371:NA-90
1366:NA-89
1361:NA-88
1356:NA-87
1351:NA-86
1346:NA-85
1341:NA-84
1336:NA-83
1331:NA-82
1326:NA-81
1322:NA-80
1318:NA-79
1313:NA-78
1308:NA-77
1303:NA-76
1298:NA-75
1293:NA-74
1288:NA-73
1283:NA-72
1278:NA-71
1273:NA-70
1268:NA-69
1263:NA-68
1258:NA-67
1253:NA-66
1248:NA-65
1243:NA-64
1238:NA-63
1233:NA-62
1228:NA-61
1223:NA-60
1218:NA-59
1213:NA-58
1208:NA-57
1203:NA-56
1198:NA-55
1193:NA-54
1188:NA-53
1183:NA-52
1178:NA-51
1173:NA-50
1168:NA-49
1163:NA-48
1158:NA-47
1153:NA-46
1148:NA-45
1143:NA-44
1138:NA-43
1133:NA-42
1128:NA-41
1123:NA-40
1118:NA-39
1113:NA-38
1108:NA-37
1103:NA-36
1098:NA-35
1093:NA-34
1088:NA-33
1083:NA-32
1078:NA-31
1073:NA-30
1068:NA-29
1063:NA-28
1058:NA-27
1053:NA-26
1048:NA-25
1043:NA-24
1038:NA-23
1033:NA-22
1028:NA-21
1023:NA-20
1018:NA-19
1013:NA-18
1008:NA-17
1003:NA-16
998:NA-15
921:(PDF)
899:(PDF)
884:(PDF)
772:TOTSE
702:HOTOL
250:model
239:Tokyo
98:JSTOR
84:books
4803:X-33
4792:SOAR
4776:Lynx
4671:X-15
4531:MAKS
4300:Amur
4283:Skua
4211:and
4115:AD-1
4095:X-66
4090:X-65
4085:X-64
4080:X-63
4075:X-62
4070:X-61
4065:X-60
4060:X-59
4055:X-58
4050:X-57
4045:X-56
4040:X-55
4035:X-54
4030:X-53
4025:X-52
4020:X-51
4004:X-50
3999:X-49
3994:X-48
3977:X-47
3972:X-46
3967:X-45
3947:X-43
3942:X-42
3937:X-41
3932:X-40
3927:X-39
3922:X-38
3917:X-37
3912:X-36
3907:X-35
3902:X-34
3897:X-33
3892:X-32
3887:X-31
3882:X-30
3877:X-29
3872:X-28
3867:X-27
3862:X-26
3846:X-25
3834:X-24
3829:X-23
3824:X-22
3819:X-21
3814:X-20
3809:X-19
3804:X-18
3799:X-17
3794:X-16
3789:X-15
3784:X-14
3779:X-13
3774:X-12
3769:X-11
3764:X-10
3596:Yale
3456:Fury
3416:DC-3
3354:X-31
3349:X-30
3344:X-15
3339:X-10
3281:T-39
3251:NJ-1
3236:BC-2
3226:BC-1
3221:Yale
3206:BT-9
3175:L-17
3170:O-47
3124:A-27
3098:B-64
3042:FJ-1
3013:F-86
3003:P-64
2970:D481
979:and
888:LCCN
865:2023
838:2023
812:2023
785:2023
744:2014
626:air/
397:X-43
369:and
320:Mach
218:NASP
204:The
197:NASA
159:Type
70:news
4766:H-2
4561:V-2
4521:K-1
3759:X-9
3754:X-8
3749:X-7
3744:X-6
3739:X-5
3734:X-4
3729:X-3
3724:X-2
3719:X-1
3694:S-5
3689:S-4
3684:S-3
3679:S-2
3674:S-1
3271:T3J
3266:T2J
3256:SNJ
3149:A-2
3144:A3J
3057:F-1
939:on
656:.
495:by
422:in
346:).
256:in
237:to
53:by
4850::
769:.
752:^
733:.
719:^
426:.
353:,
4811:*
4805:*
4799:*
4778:*
4746:*
4673:*
4662:*
4656:*
4650:*
4256:*
4201:e
4194:t
4187:v
3655:(
3644:e
3637:t
3630:v
3015:/
969:e
962:t
955:v
867:.
840:.
814:.
787:.
746:.
663:)
659:(
518:)
512:(
507:)
503:(
489:.
216:(
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.