1485:, when it ran under a "T" logo, the old PNA symbol having been withdrawn and made unavailable for use. On December 20, just ahead of the vote, it agreed to merge into the National Liberal Party, which Valjean had identified as a "guarantee for the country's future". The Goga group continued to have autonomous existence within the PNC, notably by serving as the more Carlist branch, and therefore more directly supported by the king. It was itself weakened by defections—described by Mezarescu as "the logical consequence" of Goga's antisemitic turn. Of the PNA moderates, Lupaș no longer joined the PNC, whereas his colleague Dragomir did. Tudor Vianu left before the unification and the adoption of full-on antisemitism, with his brother resigning in 1935; by contrast, Streitman remained an outside ally, serving as the PNC's electoral agent. Goga himself became more explicitly antisemitic. Appointed Carol's Prime Minister after the 1937 election, he introduced a
740:
690:
770:
43:
725:
755:
560:, Ilie Rădulescu, and Iancu Isvoranu; Goga was reconfirmed as People's Party chairman, before the party changed names. The "PNA" name was adopted hours later, following a motion submitted by deputy D. D. Burileanu—having been first submitted for discussion a week earlier, during a more private meeting of party leaders. The group registered as its electoral symbol "two dots within a circumference", sometimes described as a circle with "two eyes". Whether intentionally or not, this symbol closely resembled the circle used by a more democratic agrarian group, the
1298:
916:, noted that the PNA enjoyed "some popularity", due to its "radical solutions for revitalizing small plots owned by the peasants". However, as argued by researchers Cornel Popescu and George Daniel Ungureanu, the PNA was agrarian "in name", and had a mostly right-wing program. While seeking ways to improve the peasants' economic status, the party pledged itself to administrative reform and a full clampdown on corruption. By October 1932, its deputies were engaged in a public confrontation with the PNȚ cabinet, headed by
895:
705:
675:
1448:, noted in September 1935 that the PNC was made up from regional chapters that had no common ideological ground, the entire enterprise having been engineered by Hitler. The fusion resulted in another split: after being sidelined in favor of a Goga favorite, Ion V. Emilian quit the PNC and formed his own movement, called "Fire Swastika". Valjean also opposed the merger, and made a point of not attending the PNC's constitutive congress. In an interview with
448:. This followed a major dispute between Averescu and Goga, prompted by the latter's unconditional support for Carol II, who had taken the throne under disputed circumstances in 1930. Historian Adolf Minuț argues that Carol personally intervened to create a rift between the two men, this being one of a "web of Carlist machinations" to isolate his constitutionalist adversaries. The same is noted by memoirist Vasile Netea, who describes Carol as performing "
3523:
452:" on the old parties. In January 1932, Goga had vaguely announced his bid for the PP chairmanship, while also hinting that he was prepared to leave with his partisans if his candidacy were to be rejected. On March 3, Averescu formally denounced Goga's maneuvers in a circular letter to regional affiliates, noting that a conspiracy was in place to break up the PP.
1505:, expressed support for a direct Nazi takeover in Romania. He died suddenly in May 1938, leaving the PNC to separate into its pre-1935 formations: while Cuza opted to fully support the dictatorial project, former PNA activists grouped into a dissident, if politically insignificant, Union of National Awareness (
1256:
The 1932 performance was closely mirrored in this second national race, when the PNA managed 4.2%, with its family of parties again at 9%. Such results proved well below Goga's expectations, and widely acknowledged as a sign that the
Romanian electorate had not been persuaded by the tenets of radical
1209:
and its system of peace treaties, the PNA made a slow move into
Germany's orbit. In its electoral program of 1933, the party removed all reference to the toleration of national minorities, and proposed measures to supervise them, and in particular their "ideological imports". Nonetheless, in March
928:
to exercise more control over local tribunals. Such proposals were balanced out by the PNA's adversity toward decentralizing projects, in which Goga saw evidence of pushes for
Transylvanian autonomism, as endorsed by the PNȚ. The PNA understood administrative reform to be necessary, but would only
1352:
The PNA and the LANC both repeatedly tried, but failed, to persuade the Iron Guard into a merger. King Carol also proposed that the Guard be co-opted into a government coalition of "national forces", centered on the PP and the PNA. This tendency was curbed by
Premier Duca, who outlawed the Guard.
492:, where a local activist and landowner, Romulus Boldea, also embraced the schism. Following this confrontation, Goga announced he would take on the "painful task" of leaving Averescu's group. As noted by scholar Armin Heinen, the National Agrarians' genesis coincided with the parallel rise of the
875:; it rested on the notion that peasants were a unifying factor, their shared culture transcending regional divisions. In 1935, Valjean similarly proclaimed that all classes were "subordinate to the plowmen". His PNA intended to make the smallholders key players in Romania's economy, encouraging
1181:
at the helm. Duca then approached the PNA leadership to establish a coalition, conditioned on Goga toning down his nationalism; Goga refused. The PNA leader was also dissatisfied with the details of the offer, and in particular with Duca's history as an anti-Carlist. Discarding such mainstream
812:
viewed Goga as a "bourgeois fascist", but his assessment was challenged by Heinen, according to whom the PNA's "radical nationalism" was "entirely devoid of that revolutionary pathos which set apart all the fascist parties." Overall, "too many PNA members were still tied to the People's Party
1091:, who acted as an electoral agent for both the PNA and the Iron Guard. PNA politico Rădulescu was allegedly of Romani origin, and was attending Romani congresses in a private capacity. Such issues highlighted the schism between the two Romani organizations, respectively led by Lăzăreanu and
455:
In response, Goga accused
Averescu of tarnishing the crown's prestige, claiming that his own faction was now Romania's "one monarchist party"; according to Goga, a reigning king was to be held as an expression of the "Romanian soul". Goga and his group were now situated on the extreme of
821:, who was a political reporter in the 1930s, describes his disappointment with witnessing Goga's transition into a "politician and by no means a statesman". According to Carandino, the PNA leader had "no politically autonomous values", and was essentially a "high-end prostitute".
1257:
nationalism—the party leader himself noted that propaganda had been "inefficient". The PNA had nine mandates: Goga, Scridon, Ioanid and Ghițescu held on to their seats; Valjean was also elected, but for Caraș, with
Petrovici taking his post in Romanați. Topciu also won a seat, at
475:
Goga's party originated with a PP congress at Enescu restaurant on March 12, attended by 45 of 65 sections, which proclaimed Goga as People's Party chairman. By March 21, Averescu was able to regain control over most PP chapters, though he lost all presence in places such as
1500:
proclaimed a corporate state, and all political parties were dissolved. However, the PNC was allowed to function on Carol's orders, with the hope that it could emerge as the country's mass party. The embittered Goga left the country and, having personally witnessed
426:
introduced a royal dictatorship. Goga died soon after; although the PNC was not repressed under the new regime, it suffered an internal crisis, with PNA men establishing a Union of
National Awareness. Both it and other PNC factions were then absorbed by Carol's
1165:. It developed into a working alliance, though Valjean went public with his criticism of the Georgists' republican tendencies. Preparing for a foreseeable PNȚ downfall, the PNA held large-scale rallies announcing its preparedness for government. In April, at
1454:, he deplored the merger as a Cuzist takeover. As he noted there, his own agrarianism was a venue for "practical reforms"; he also challenged Goga's external policies, arguing that Romania's economic dependency on Germany could not dilute her commitments to
1001:, or anyone else who would have hired him." In 1931, Goga was still reassuring his readers that he was not an antisemite. According to Minuț, his subsequent drift was a consequence of his taking money from antisemitic industrialists, and in particular from
1359:, Goga sent boots as gifts to all those convicted for the murder. PNA deputies publicly called for an end to the anti-Guard wave of arrests, suggesting that it was unjustified. By 1934, Goga was exchanging letters with the Guard's leader,
1349:, which he opposed to "Romanianism". According to Mezarescu, this had "no logical justification", given that Goga addressed his critique to a "healthy modern" capitalist society, in which Marxist postulates were "virtually unknown".
2159:
Ivan
Duminică, "Бессарабские болгары и гагаузы во взглядах румынского писателя и политика Георге А. Куза", in Ivan Duminică, Kalcho Kalchev, Gheorghe Gonța, Nadejda Cara, Maria Paslar, Sergiy Strashnyuk, Yekaterina Chelak (eds.),
1382:(FR), with offers of alliance or merger. Reportedly, Goga offered to fuse the PNA group into the FR, asking that he be assigned vice-chairmanship; Vaida refused, since he had promised that role to a long-time collaborator of his,
1157:, ridiculed this decision, noting that Goga had been "shamed" and was not risking further embarrassment. The National Agrianists had by then cultivated a relationship with two other splinter groups of the classical parties: the
1032:, but only briefly. As Brucăr explained years later, he had resigned upon learning what the party actually stood for. Another leading party figure was Jewish businessman Leon Preiss, who chaired the PNA section in Bucharest's
1419:
Claiming to represent "100,000 partisans" throughout
Greater Romania, the National Agrarianists held their second and final congress on April 7, 1935, again at Rio Cinema. On July 14, the PNA merged with the LANC to form the
1193:. The PNA found itself intensely courted by the new regime, which pursued Eastern European alliances. Goga was a regular guest at the German Legation, and accepted offers for collaboration; however, he also insisted that
1150:
Speaking for his party, Ghițescu accused
Premier Vaida of having falsified the vote. The PNA chose not to compete in the by-elections of September, announcing that it was too caught up organizing its base. Vaida's paper,
1353:
Goga and the PNA reacted with public protests, viewing the measure as unwarranted. In part, this was because the PNA leadership sensed that Duca would next target them. Reportedly, after Duca's assassination by Guardist
1028:, who was primarily motivated by anticommunism. While Tudor Vianu co-chaired the PNA Studies Circle, alongside Petrovici, Streitman was appointed on the PNA's Executive Committee. They were joined by Jewish philosopher
519:
and C. Brăescu, who had been Vice Presidents of the Deputies' Assembly. According to Valjean's own recollections, he was recruited by the PNA together with the "independent liberal group", which he had established as a
1389:
Goga's Nazi contacts also networked for the creation of a Romanian fascist party bringing together the PNA, the LANC, and the Georgists, but the project failed to materialize in this form. It was then kept alive by
1370:, in August 1933 the PNA still viewed itself as standing against "right- and left-wing extremes", its platform one of "moderate progress". Over the following moths, Goga tried to fuse into his party the Lupists and
965:
being invaded by "parasites" and "guess... who". However, he framed his support for the students in terms of social rejuvenation, and noted that violent antisemitism was perhaps an "incorrect slogan". During the
1416:), also boasted an important role in negotiating the Goga–Cuza rapprochement. The final merger was also partly motivated by Cuza's political calculations, since the LANC had only taken 4.5% of the vote in 1933.
813:
directives in both manners and ideas of political combat." Researcher Ion Mezarescu likewise viewed the PNA ideology as "within the coordinates of interwar bourgeois democracy". However, according to scholar
564:(PNȚ). Transylvanian defectors from the PNȚ initially organized some of the PNA branches, but, in June 1932, returned to their old party. More dedicated support came from the former PNȚ chapters in
1245:, the Colonel was seized by the local police. Consequently, he and Cicerone Manole, who had led the Bukovina Nazi cell, were put up as PNA candidates for the Assembly—Tătărescu headed the list for
1790:"Manifestațiuni politice. D. Valjean și fuziunea dintre naționali-agrari și cuziști. Motivele colaborării cu d. Gh Bratinu și ale despărțirii. Partidul național-agrar continuă să activeze", in
460:, with "some sympathies toward fascism". However, their caucus was also able to absorb more moderate sections of the PP, leaving Averescu's group severely weakened. Averescu and his colleague,
1017:. However, Minuț notes, Goga was "contradictory" even at this late stage, sometimes stating his belief in the minorities' integration, but often decrying their participation in public life.
4021:
548:, Eugen P. Barbul, Laurian Gabor, and Petru Nemoianu. This remained "the most painful" of all schisms endured by the PP. On April 10, 1932, this dissidence held its congress at Rio Cinema,
1493:, who took pride in fomenting violence. Virulent antisemitism was also embraced by the Romani caucus of Craiova, whose leader, Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică, finally joined the PNC in February 1938.
1111:, with the PNA itself at 3.64% (or 4% and 108,857 ballots, in Minuț's count). The leading candidates included Dragomir, Ghițescu, Gorun, Ioanid, Lupaș, Nemoianu, Scridon, Topciu, Valjean,
924:. Goga wanted most of the small- and mid-sized plots to be cleared of debt with state support, and wanted to extend that principle to public debt held by urban localities. He also wanted
832:("God, Fatherland, King") as their slogan, a rallying cry already associated with Goga before the party's formation. The group's rejection of democracy had its roots in Goga's 1927 book,
1345:
as the paragon of the "new psychology", while using its administrative laws as a template for reforms in Romania. According to Mezarescu, this period also saw him taking a stand against
863:("More, better, valuable bearings"). This notion reflected its commitment to an agrarian economy, which Goga identified as the core of Romania's potential for export, in tandem with the
1432:
symbolism. The new party had a shared presidency, with Cuza and Goga as co-chairs. It sought to challenge the Iron Guard whilst remaining close to more mainstream conservative forces.
937:
The party's stances evidenced Goga's conversion to antisemitism, which he had not explicitly embraced before 1932; within that framework, Goga was arguing that Jews were endorsing "
414:(PNC) offered a venue for conservative antisemites with fascist sympathies, but was rejected by PNA moderates, as well as by some of the League's radicals. A splinter group, led by
871:; in exchange, it promised a tax reform that would benefit both local and foreign investors. Goga's agrarianism was identified as the main point of attraction by recruits such as
287:, but there is disagreement in the scholarly community as to whether the PNA was itself fascist. Its antisemitic rhetoric was also contrasted by the PNA's acceptance of some
1394:, who believed in the necessity of consolidating Romania's antisemitic camp. A LANC–PNA fusion was nonetheless also favored by Carol, who kept a close watch on Goga through
1341:
be less supportive of Hungarian irredentism, by reminding him of the "blood kinship" between Romanians and Italians. It was at this stage that Goga began openly praising
4329:
760:
516:
415:
632:. PNA cadres included four important figures in Romania's commercial and industrial life, who, as Netea writes, were especially treasured by Goga. These were Ghițescu,
4239:
2522:
Florin-Răzvan Mihai, "Dinamica electorală a candidaților minoritari din Bucovina la alegerile generale din România interbelică", in Vasile Ciobanu, Sorin Radu (eds.),
1177:, as "responsible for all misfortunes that have fallen upon this country." In December 1933, Carol asked Vaida to step down, and the National Liberals took over, with
1230:
636:, I. D. Enescu, and Leon Gigurtu. The group also reached out of its PP constituency, and had traction among people not previously involved in party politics, such as
3869:
3112:
1474:
461:
836:("The Frothing Must"), which argued that the masses needed a "moral eminence" to "inspire in them tranquility and safety." The PNA suggested modifying Romania's
4324:
4203:
898:
Goga acknowledging his thirst for "frothing must", as the prelude to a "great agitation", in an imaginary interview. Cartoon published by the left-wing review
1092:
545:
3504:
2431:
983:
739:
2244:
Cornel Popescu, George Daniel Ungureanu, "Romanian Peasantry and Bulgarian Agrarianism in the Interwar Period: Benchmarks for a Comparative Analysis", in
912:, or "harmonious solidarity between workers, peasants and all other productive forces". Historian Oltea Rășcanu Gramaticu, who focused on the politics of
3588:
1197:
vouch for Greater Romania's borders. During those months, the PNA, represented by Valjean, joined the "Antirevisionist League", a civic movement for the
576:
112:
4026:
1143:, with 2,069 votes. According to Netea's first-hand account, Goga's victory was hard-won: peasants rounded up to mock him during his campaign tour at
633:
4639:
4218:
3583:
3371:
3339:
1517:, formerly of the PNȚ, the FRN was implicitly hostile toward Cuza's ideology. As a preliminary step, it recruited heavily among UCN representatives.
982:(LANC), which was virulently antisemitic. However, his assistance proved a moderating influence, obliging Cuza to purge the LANC of radicals such as
529:
1029:
1010:
4006:
4001:
3553:
3482:
1128:
1014:
3225:"Tablou indicând rezultatele pe circumscripții electorale ale alegerilor pentru Adunarea deputaților, efectuate în ziua de 20 Decembrie 1933", in
2427:
371:, when it took 4.1% of the vote. Despite its relative insignificance, its leader Goga was often perceived as a likely contender for the office of
3593:
3393:
1490:
879:
and land purchase, as well as describing a future in which labor and its product would be more expensive; it also promised to enact agricultural
1210:
1933, the Nazi agent of influence, Friedrich Weber, described Goga as a "man of the future", one who could bring Hitler's ideology to Romania.
4634:
4173:
4031:
1104:
710:
637:
525:
422:, continued to call itself PNA, surviving to December 1937. Briefly serving as Prime Minister, Goga was asked to step down by Carol II, whose
4619:
1424:, a hard-line antisemitic group. It used as its most popular symbol the LANC swastika, which Goga himself acknowledged as standing for the "
4451:
4127:
3834:
3568:
3558:
1624:
1383:
1116:
4574:
4543:
4319:
4244:
3890:
3608:
987:
4629:
3127:
1221:
of an Iron Guard cabinet. According to this version, Goga was tasked with enacting the "Hitlerian" program, including antisemitism and
1020:
The PNA nevertheless had various Jewish affiliates, including the Vianus, who probably believed that membership would complement their
3864:
1037:
949:'s antisemitic doctrinaire; Lueger's influence also reached directly to other PNA affiliates, including Boldea. In the 1920s, Goga's
689:
348:, PNA representatives, largely inherited from the People's Party, collaborated mostly with two other anti-establishment groups: the
4589:
4390:
4380:
4097:
4016:
3925:
3920:
3497:
1466:, though Boldea agreed to join the PNC, his "inclination toward Germany clashed with his antipathy toward vulgarity and cruelty."
1088:
997:
While commenting on Goga's political duplicity, Carandino argued that he "was just as ready to serve the monarchy, the Liberals,
314:
4624:
4594:
4254:
4107:
3563:
1036:
and, in 1932, still referred to Goga as a friend of the Jews. Boldea, who now chaired the PNA section in Caraș, was married to a
1005:. Xenophobic radicalization was additionally enhanced by the PNA–PNȚ conflict: Goga castigated his adversaries for their alleged
3262:
Roland Clark, "Nationalism and Orthodoxy: Nichifor Crainic and the Political Culture of the Extreme Right in 1930s Romania", in
4604:
4579:
4486:
4456:
4344:
4249:
4102:
3991:
3849:
3793:
3628:
3573:
1399:
971:
469:
328:, whose political program it partly enacted. The National Agrarianist economic and social proposals included the protection of
3859:
3854:
754:
4599:
4269:
3543:
3425:
3401:
3383:
3347:
3243:
2531:
2465:
2177:
1986:
1931:
1835:
4569:
4092:
3915:
3548:
3513:
1398:; both the king and his spy saw the resulting party as an instrument for the king's own executive powers. Carol's agent at
1103:
According to Heinen, the PNA can be grouped into an "antisemitic markedly right-wing" segment, alongside the LANC and the
264:
219:
87:
1169:, Goga hinted that Carol was seriously considering forming a PNA cabinet. On June 26, addressing a crowd gathered outside
4476:
4041:
4011:
3961:
3905:
3699:
3578:
3490:
769:
1826:
Hans-Christian Maner, "Despre elite și partide politice din România interbelică", in Vasile Ciobanu, Sorin Radu (eds.),
1444:, who had died after disease in 1931. Nevertheless, the new party faced immediate difficulties. A far-left antifascist,
724:
379:, who regarded it as a political ally. While cautious about the Nazis' take on international politics, Goga traveled to
4264:
4213:
4056:
3976:
3678:
3538:
1234:
1428:"; according to Mezarescu, its adoption showed a direct link with Nazism, despite claims that it had evolved from old
1158:
852:; to this end, the wives of PNA eminences created their own "women circles", which also took up the task of promoting
804:
describes the splinter group as authoritarian nationalist and "rightist", or "rather more overtly right radical" than
349:
4511:
4506:
4304:
4193:
3648:
3476:
3455:
3329:
3308:
3284:
2511:
2327:
2169:
979:
501:
404:
3512:
1462:. Such sentiments were also prevalent among other figures of the party elite. As noted by his philosopher grandson,
4609:
4400:
4395:
4375:
4370:
4157:
4061:
3798:
3618:
17:
3956:
2494:
Ivan Duminică, "Chapter Sixteen. Policy Options of the Bulgarians of Bessarabia during 1918–1940", in Sorin Radu,
4614:
4051:
3754:
1190:
4501:
4446:
4365:
4087:
3613:
2165:
1587:
1557:
1542:
1482:
1302:
1186:
1108:
967:
465:
368:
288:
4405:
4274:
3895:
3813:
3663:
3658:
3653:
2503:
3844:
824:
While reaching out to the far-right, the PNA remained staunchly monarchist—according to Heinen, Goga was a "
4294:
4152:
4132:
3839:
1497:
837:
660:, who had publicized disagreements with the local chairman, Florin Sion, and quit the party shortly after.
588:. While establishing itself regionally, Goga's party took over or established several regional newspapers:
536:, also joined Goga during his departure. Early defectors also included a large part of the PP eminences in
423:
120:
808:'s own dissident faction. The issue of its labeling has caused some disputes in the community of experts.
4421:
4299:
4284:
4279:
4137:
4122:
3236:
Rasism românesc. Componenta rasială a discursului antisemit din România, până la Al Doilea Război Mondial
1486:
1318:
1162:
797:
561:
353:
341:
4471:
4441:
4147:
4046:
3981:
3966:
3910:
3729:
3719:
3316:, "Fascists and Conservatives in Romania: Two Generations of Nationalists", in Martin Blinkhorn (ed.),
3276:
2319:
1978:
1510:
1371:
1326:
704:
428:
1496:
Carol's eventual recall of the PNC cabinet that same month inaugurated a monarchist dictatorship: the
674:
303:, but in practice accepted members and external collaborators of many ethnic backgrounds, such as the
4289:
4198:
4077:
4036:
3808:
3749:
3739:
3694:
3673:
3668:
3633:
3603:
1952:
Adriana Gagea, "Virgil Molin – un tipograf și ziarist de excepție (27 nov. 1898 – 28 ian. 1968)", in
1440:
As noted by historian Lucian T. Butaru, Goga proved a worthy replacement for Cuza's first associate,
1375:
1337:
made Goga "enthusiastic" and "completed political evolution". Goga himself claimed that he had made
1218:
817:, Goga was in the process of migrating "across the conservative-radical divide". National Peasantist
372:
1309:
constituents. Image shows a stereotypical Jewish man maneuvering democratic politics, depicted as a
1182:
arrangements, the PNA issued press releases referring to the Duca team as a clientele of the Jewry.
444:
The party emerged with a split in the more mainstream People's Party (PP), which was led by General
395:, Goga sought alliances with the more radical movements. The PNA tried but failed to unite with the
4339:
4208:
4188:
3996:
3986:
3803:
1421:
1258:
1084:
411:
311:
97:
1406:, distributed boons to the PNA and the LANC, helping their leaders to prefer Carol over Codreanu.
953:
had expressed sympathy with the growing antisemitic trend among students, and indirectly with the
900:
4481:
3930:
1360:
1355:
584:, endured as the central party organ, with another party newspaper of the same name appearing at
1297:
4496:
4349:
4314:
4309:
4259:
4178:
3935:
3714:
3390:"Suveranii" universităților românești. Mecanisme de selecție și promovare a elitei intelectuale
3318:
Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-century Europe
3256:
1246:
1226:
1132:
961:, Goga further hinted that Jews were to blame for the ills of modernity. He voiced alarm about
917:
809:
796:
As Heinen notes, the PNA was one of several groups channeling popular discontent following the
392:
1920:
Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. V: Catalog alfabetic 1930–1935
657:
4466:
4461:
4436:
3971:
3951:
3759:
3734:
3709:
3704:
1455:
1202:
1080:
1056:
841:
825:
553:
345:
300:
268:
138:
42:
2162:България метрополия и диаспора. Сборник по случай 65-годишнината на д.и.н. Николай Червенков
1469:
Valjean's own National Agrarian Party, centered on Romanați, counted among its members poet
1107:—but distinct from the more radical Iron Guard. The three parties had 9% of the vote in the
4584:
4516:
4431:
4385:
4142:
4112:
4082:
3818:
3264:
2622:
1893:
1478:
1153:
1033:
569:
457:
224:
133:
1250:
8:
4548:
3321:
2865:
2311:
2015:
1770:
Tr. R., "Știri—Note—Comentarii. Marea întrunire Național-Agrară ținută la Turtucaia", in
1306:
1021:
925:
909:
849:
653:
601:
521:
325:
214:
1514:
1489:. However, he continued to view himself as a moderate, censuring PNC radicals—including
991:
485:
3638:
3598:
1445:
1140:
445:
169:
1395:
1289:. Overall, the PNA had some 122,000 votes, which was enough to earn it an extra seat.
1266:
1136:
419:
4491:
3623:
3472:
3460:
Sorin Radu, "Semnele electorale ale partidelor politice în perioada interbelică", in
3451:
3421:
3397:
3379:
3343:
3325:
3304:
3280:
3248:
3239:
3227:
2527:
2507:
2461:
2323:
2173:
1982:
1927:
1923:
1831:
1547:
1206:
818:
805:
449:
240:
1313:
festooned with heads of political party leaders; these include Goga's former allies
908:
In parallel, Goga's intellectual debt to corporatism took form as promises to enact
344:, describing it as corrupt and denouncing its autonomist-regionalist tendencies. In
4426:
3439:
3297:
Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1: A–K
1441:
1407:
1391:
1338:
1334:
1166:
1124:
1112:
1052:
1048:
1025:
1006:
801:
730:
695:
296:
3273:
Legiunea 'Arhanghelul Mihail': o contribuție la problema fascismului internațional
3125:"Tineretul național-agrar a trecut în întregime în partidul național-liberal", in
2002:
Sud. Revistă Editată de Asociația pentru Cultură și Tradiție Istorică Bolintineanu
1918:
Ileana-Stanca Desa, Elena Ioana Mălușanu, Cornelia Luminița Radu, Iuliana Sulică,
1470:
1270:
557:
4538:
3432:
3406:
3313:
3289:
2707:
Livia Dandara, "Considerații privind fondarea Ligii antirevizioniste române", in
1463:
1342:
1314:
1170:
1068:
1044:
962:
864:
814:
468:
to be deposed. This proposal was eventually defeated by a vote, during which the
321:
3744:
1229:, of which he was still a member in summer 1933. In September, Goga and Colonel
1120:
1079:
were led by Petro Ivanciuc, Andriv Zemliuc and Necolai Palli, who were probably
489:
477:
4223:
3643:
3469:
Minorități etnoculturale. Mărturii documentare. Țiganii din România (1919–1944)
2500:
Politics and Peasants in Interwar Romania: Perceptions, Mentalities, Propaganda
2495:
1891:"Conștiința Ardealului. Glasul vremii îndreaptă lumea pe calea adevărului", in
1459:
1403:
1379:
1322:
1286:
1198:
998:
941:" in Transylvania. However, already in the 1910s Goga was modelling himself on
894:
872:
867:
of labor and capital. Its leadership promised to suspend payments on Romania's
853:
848:. Simultaneously, the party campaigned for widening the suffrage, primarily by
745:
497:
400:
307:
1144:
4563:
4334:
3467:
Andrea Varga, "În loc de concluzii", in Lucian Nastasă, Andrea Varga (eds.),
1310:
1262:
1064:
938:
929:
commit itself to projects which would befit "national unity as an instinct".
913:
868:
680:
656:. A small PNA chapter existed at Iași; it was very joined by another writer,
512:
356:. The PNA was able to absorb some National Peasantist sections, primarily in
304:
280:
260:
61:
2231:
Oltea Rășcanu Gramaticu, "Viața politică interbelică în județul Tutova", in
533:
3764:
3430:
Dan Oprescu, "Minoritățile naționale din România. O privire din avion", in
2134:
1367:
1282:
1222:
1194:
946:
876:
565:
537:
505:
384:
376:
361:
329:
276:
148:
2213:
Mezarescu, pp. 57–59; Minuț (1999), pp. 270–271 & (2001), pp. 425, 427
1075:, "managed to attract many of his brethren to the party." PNA sections in
625:
3885:
3724:
1970:
1278:
1274:
1214:
1178:
1174:
1002:
942:
921:
888:
845:
775:
649:
645:
481:
337:
292:
252:
153:
128:
2776:
2658:
2620:"Sunt acri strugurii. Gogiștii nu candidează la alegerile parțiale", in
2553:
1412:
1378:. In mid 1935, Goga also approached Vaida's new far-right party, called
4183:
1425:
1242:
1060:
975:
954:
493:
396:
272:
174:
143:
800:; it was also the most authentic, and a "remarkable force." Historian
464:, fought back by asking for all dissidents still holding seats in the
3447:
3110:
See list published alongside N. Papatansiu, "Războiul electoral", in
2432:"Uniunea Ziariștilor Profesioniști, 1919 – 2009. Compendiu aniversar"
1502:
880:
581:
549:
388:
357:
333:
178:
3413:, Vol. 2, Issues 9–11, September–November 1991, pp. 6–7, 26–27.
1975:
Capcanele istoriei. Elita intelectuală românească între 1930 și 1950
621:
4521:
3300:
1792:
1450:
1095:. At the time, Șerboianu accused his rival of being Goga's puppet.
1076:
884:
2524:
Partide politice și minorități naționale din România în secolul XX
1828:
Partide politice și minorități naționale din România în secolul XX
1814:
Minuț (1999), pp. 273, 274; Nastasă, p. 87. See also Netea, p. 249
1043:
The party remained open to other ethnic minorities: its branch in
585:
3900:
3522:
3517:
1429:
1346:
1139:; Scridon also entered the Assembly by taking the second seat in
641:
284:
256:
158:
2347:
Butaru, p. 161; Heinen, pp. 111, 161–162; Livezeanu, pp. 230–231
2188:
Heinen, p. 160; Mezarescu, pp. 57, 64; Minuț (2001), pp. 424–425
1173:, he announced his contempt for the PNȚ, describing its leader,
644:
chamber of labor. Also joining the PNA were the literary critic
609:
1238:
1225:. This pronouncement anticipated Goga's own departure from the
1072:
617:
387:
and returning as an enthusiastic admirer. Moving closer to the
380:
1333:
As historian Francisco Veiga notes, visits to Germany and the
1115:, I. C. Atanasiu, as well as the party leader and his brother
883:, with tools such as a state plan for developing agriculture,
648:
and his brother, the essayist Alexandru Vianu, alongside poet
2200:
Dumitru Botar, "Din presa romanațeană de altădată (III)", in
593:
541:
320:
The PNA existed as a venue for supporting the authoritarian
2316:
Roots of Hate: Anti-Semitism in Europe Before the Holocaust
3376:
Memoriile unui politician din perioada interbelică. Vol. I
2460:, p. 22. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2018.
2000:
Emilia Motoranu, "Un scriitor uitat: Alexandru Vianu", in
1513:(FRN) was introduced as a sole legal party. Organized by
844:
to an "orderly and useful instrument", reformed around a
3366:, Vols. XXII–XXIII, Part I, 2001–2003, pp. 423–432.
3362:"Activitatea Partidului Național Agrar (1932—1935)", in
2765:
Heinen, pp. 228, 230. See also Mezarescu, pp. 64, 70, 73
2104:
Minuț (2001), p. 427. See also Mezarescu, pp. 64–65, 117
1040:
woman of German, Italian, and possibly Jewish ancestry.
791:
299:. The group was generally suspicious of Romania's other
3471:, pp. 627–643. Cluj-Napoca: Fundația CRDE, 2001.
828:" among the "Carlists". The National Agrarians adopted
4325:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
4204:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
3013:
Butaru, p. 102; Mezarescu, p. 79; Minuț (1999), p. 275
2458:
Note în procesul de epurare a filosofului Iosif Brucăr
2863:
Mircea Platon, "Perspectivele lui Octavian Goga", in
2634:
2632:
2286:
2284:
1905:
1903:
488:. Goga also enjoyed strong support in places such as
367:
The PNA registered its best result nationally in the
2977:
Clark, p. 117; Levy, p. 158. See also Heinen, p. 249
2828:
2826:
1724:
1722:
1671:
1669:
1098:
263:, it was originally a schism from the more moderate
259:
during the early 1930s. Established and led by poet
3378:. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2016.
3355:"Întemeierea Partidului Național Agrar (1932)", in
3268:, Vol. 40, Issue 1, January 2012, pp. 107–126.
2551:Scorpion & Comp., "Mizerii și indiscreții", in
2274:
2272:
2629:
2281:
1900:
1477:, and businessman Sterie Ionescu (formerly of the
1119:. Eight were elected, including Octavian Goga for
403:, finally merging with the slightly more powerful
2823:
1719:
1666:
1363:, who promised him backing for a PNA government.
4561:
2774:"Agitații național-socialiste în Basarabia", in
2269:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1410:, who oversaw the LANC's paramilitary youth (or
572:, which were absorbed into Goga's new movement.
511:Goga's "general staff" included former minister
340:. It was strongly opposed to the more left-wing
3594:Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania
2709:Memoria Antiquitatis (Acta Musei Petrodavensis)
1830:, Vol. III, p. 197. Sibiu: TechnoMedia, 2008.
1650:
1648:
1249:, while Manole ran second to Teodor Tcaciuc in
1013:", which had profited the Polish industrialist
552:. Its first presidium included Lupaș, General
3554:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
3498:
2959:Netea, pp. 253–254. See also Mezarescu, p. 77
2802:"Tablou indicând rezultatele", pp. 7970, 8048
1696:
524:. Three other prominent Averescu supporters,
4452:Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania
4007:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)
4002:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948)
3569:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
3559:Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania
3436:, Issue 4 (158), April 2011, pp. 29–43.
3075:Clark, p. 118; Heinen, p. 250; Veiga, p. 215
3058:Ion Maximiuc, "Publiciști de vază în ziarul
2526:, Vol. V, pp. 96, 100. Sibiu: TechnoMedia.
2420:
2418:
2416:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1736:
1734:
1645:
1625:Category:National Agrarian Party politicians
267:, espousing agrarianism in combination with
4320:National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party
4245:Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania
3609:Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party
2307:
2305:
1684:Minuț (1999), p. 269; Moldovan, pp. 273–275
3505:
3491:
2986:Heinen, pp. 242, 249; Mezarescu, pp. 75–77
1996:
1994:
1822:
1820:
1766:
1764:
2656:"Intrunirea gogistă dela Târgoviște", in
2413:
1922:, pp. 30, 121, 260, 266, 364. Bucharest:
1777:
1731:
1217:, allegedly regarded Goga as a potential
859:In time, the PNA adopted another slogan:
391:and abandoning his own membership in the
101:National Agrarian Party (Valjean faction)
4640:Political parties disestablished in 1935
4376:Union of Patriots/National Popular Party
3589:Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars
3359:, Vol. XXI, 1999–2000, pp. 267–277.
3004:Clark, pp. 117–118; Mezarescu, pp. 78–79
2302:
2196:
2194:
2130:
2128:
1525:
1296:
932:
893:
283:; Goga was also positively impressed by
1991:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1817:
1761:
1292:
1237:(PNSR) were both received by Hitler in
103:Union of National Awareness (from 1938)
4562:
4457:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
3584:Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs
3574:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
2914:Mezarescu, p. 68; Minuț (2001), p. 430
2671:Mezarescu, p. 67; Minuț (2001), p. 426
2246:The Romanian Review of Social Sciences
2137:, "Octavian Goga și partidul său", in
4635:Political parties established in 1932
4270:General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania
4128:National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu
3777:
3486:
3464:, Vol. XXXIX, 2002, pp. 574–586.
3231:, Issue 300/1933, pp. 7950–8071.
2789:"Noui ziare național-socialiste", in
2191:
2125:
1123:, Ioanid for Mehedinți, Ghițescu for
1063:among its members; Topciu, an ethnic
792:Conservatism, radicalism, agrarianism
16:For the Mexican political party, see
4620:Defunct political parties in Romania
3420:. Târgu Mureș: Editura Nico, 2010.
3336:Partidul Național-Creștin: 1935–1937
2811:Heinen, p. 153; Minuț (2001), p. 428
1959:
1520:
1241:. In November, while campaigning in
1083:. Goga also had contacts within the
640:, a journalist and president of the
4477:National Liberal Ecologist Alliance
4022:Social Democratic Party of Bukovina
4012:Romanian Socialist Democratic Party
3962:Democratic National Salvation Front
3906:National Democratic Christian Party
3700:Alliance for the Union of Romanians
3629:Renewing Romania's European Project
1873:Minuț (1999), p. 274; Netea, p. 250
1191:Germany had come under Nazi control
206:("More, better, valuable bearings")
13:
4575:Defunct agrarian political parties
3835:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
3176:Oprescu, p. 33; Varga, pp. 633–634
2711:, Vols. XV–XVII, 1987, pp. 209–211
1366:Nevertheless, according to writer
1277:, as did Ion Demetrescu-Agraru in
500:: the PNA began organizing during
14:
4651:
4630:1935 disestablishments in Romania
4507:Social Democratic Pole of Romania
4194:National-Christian Defense League
3320:, pp. 218–239. Milton Park:
2542:Oprescu, pp. 32–33; Varga, p. 631
2374:Heinen, pp. 112–113, 115–116, 161
2338:Heinen, p. 85; Veiga, pp. 133–134
2170:Gregory Tsamblak State University
1483:general election in December 1937
1235:Romanian National Socialist Party
1187:December 1933 election in Romania
1099:Electioneering and Nazi influence
980:National-Christian Defense League
405:National-Christian Defense League
4371:Ecologist Union of Romania Party
4108:Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere
4042:Social Protection People's Party
4032:Social Democratic Workers' Party
3865:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu
3549:Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania
3521:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3134:
3119:
3116:, Issue 569, December 1937, p. 6
3104:
3095:
3078:
3069:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2814:
768:
753:
738:
723:
703:
688:
673:
600:, published by Dumitru Zeana in
41:
18:National Agrarian Party (Mexico)
4590:Conservative parties in Romania
4103:Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu
4052:Socialist Party of Transylvania
3992:People's Party – Dan Diaconescu
3860:National Liberal Party–Câmpeanu
3855:National Liberal Party–Brătianu
2832:"Tablou indicând rezultatele",
2805:
2796:
2783:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2650:
2641:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2545:
2536:
2516:
2502:, p. 529. Newcastle upon Tyne:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2450:
2441:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2293:
2260:
2251:
2238:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2182:
2153:
2144:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2007:
1946:
1937:
1934:. See also Minuț (1999), p. 274
1912:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1808:
1799:
1752:
1743:
1503:Germany's annexation of Austria
1481:). It still existed ahead of a
1435:
1305:, addressing both Romanian and
580:, put out from Transylvania by
568:and the "Black" (northeastern)
4625:1932 establishments in Romania
4595:Nationalist parties in Romania
4502:Romanian Democratic Convention
4447:Democratic Group of the Centre
4305:Jewish National People's Party
3926:Progressive Conservative Party
2410:Minuț (2001), pp. 423–424, 426
2202:Memoria Oltului și Romanaților
2166:Academy of Sciences of Moldova
1710:
1687:
1678:
1657:
1636:
1089:Gheorghe A. Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică
1047:, organized by M. Magiari and
592:, put out by Elie Mărgeanu of
502:Weimar's presidential election
315:Gheorghe A. Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică
23:Political party in Romania
1:
4605:Monarchist parties in Romania
4580:National conservative parties
4391:Party of Young Free Democrats
4381:National Reconstruction Party
4275:Group of Transylvanian Saxons
4158:Transylvanian Peasants' Party
3957:Communist Party (Nepeceriști)
3896:Conservative-Democratic Party
3814:Romanian National Unity Party
3654:Social Liberal Humanist Party
3218:
2504:Cambridge Scholars Publishing
2122:Mezarescu, pp. 57–61, 116–117
2013:Aurel Leon, "Teodorenii", in
1716:Butaru, p. 102; Netea, p. 187
1507:Uniunea Conștiinței Naționale
1273:, failed to win the race for
1205:. Formally supportive of the
713:
188:Antirevisionist League (1933)
4600:Romanian nationalist parties
4401:Republican Party (1990–1993)
4396:Republican Party (1993–2004)
4255:Democratic Union of the Roma
3840:Free and Independent Faction
3794:Democratic Nationalist Party
3564:Cultural Union of Ruthenians
3444:A History of Fascism 1914–45
3238:. Cluj-Napoca: EFES, 2010.
2436:Mesagerul de Bistrița-Năsăud
439:
7:
4570:Agrarian parties in Romania
4422:Alliance for Romanian Unity
4300:Jewish Democratic Committee
4250:Cultural Union of Albanians
4088:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
3778:
3364:Acta Moldaviae Meridionalis
3357:Acta Moldaviae Meridionalis
3031:Mezarescu, pp. 107–108, 125
2836:; Minuț (2001), pp. 427–428
2233:Acta Moldaviae Meridionalis
2016:Almanah Convorbiri Literare
1618:
786:
620:; as well as two sheets in
10:
4656:
4472:Justice and Truth Alliance
4442:Christian Liberal Alliance
4098:Democratic Peasants' Party
3982:Party of Social Solidarity
3967:Democratic Party of Labour
3921:People's Party (2005–2006)
3911:National Renaissance Front
3544:Association of Macedonians
2845:Minuț (2001), pp. 428, 430
2593:Moldovan, pp. 276–277, 306
2320:Cambridge University Press
2318:, p. 157. Cambridge etc.:
2266:Minuț (2001), pp. 425, 427
2235:, Vol. XXXVI, 2015, p. 295
1977:, pp. 102–103. Bucharest:
1956:, Issue 11/1998, pp. 34–35
1511:National Renaissance Front
974:, had obtained favors for
846:corporative representation
434:
429:National Renaissance Front
375:. The PNA had contacts in
249:Partidul Național-Agrarian
15:
4544:List of political parties
4534:
4487:People's Democratic Front
4414:
4406:Transylvania–Banat League
4358:
4232:
4199:National Fascist Movement
4166:
4153:Socialist Peasants' Party
4093:Democratic Agrarian Party
4070:
4037:Socialist Party of Labour
3944:
3916:People's Party (1918–1938
3878:
3827:
3809:National Union from Banat
3786:
3773:
3750:Romanian Nationhood Party
3740:National Rebirth Alliance
3695:Alliance for the Homeland
3687:
3634:Romanian Nationhood Party
3531:
3409:, "Portret de bunic", in
3131:, December 20, 1937, p. V
2780:, November 23, 1933, p. 5
2729:Minuț (2001), pp. 426–427
2584:Minuț (1999), pp. 274–275
2447:Minuț (1999), pp. 273–274
2222:Mezarescu, pp. 58, 61, 64
1855:Minuț (1999), pp. 272–273
1663:Minuț (1999), pp. 268–269
1642:Minuț (1999), pp. 267–268
1509:, UCN). In December, the
761:Ion Al. Vasilescu-Valjean
517:Ion Al. Vasilescu-Valjean
416:Ion Al. Vasilescu-Valjean
210:
200:("God, Fatherland, King")
192:
184:
168:
119:
107:
93:
83:
75:
67:
57:
49:
40:
28:
4345:Ukrainian Workers' Party
4340:Ukrainian National Party
4285:Hungarian People's Union
4280:Hungarian People's Party
4240:Autonomous Swabian Party
4214:National Socialist Party
4209:National Romanian Fascio
4189:National Christian Party
4123:National Peasants' Party
4017:Romanian Socialist Party
3997:Romanian Communist Party
3977:National Salvation Front
3755:Romanian Socialist Party
3579:Democratic Turkish Union
2557:, October 11, 1933, p. 2
2356:Heinen, pp. 160, 161–162
2141:, Issue 18/1933, pp. 1–2
2073:Heinen, pp. 142–143, 175
1630:
1422:National Christian Party
1303:general election of 1937
972:Minister of the Interior
861:Rod mult, bun și cu preț
562:National Peasants' Party
412:National Christian Party
342:National Peasants' Party
251:, PNA) was a right-wing
203:Rod mult, bun și cu preț
98:National Christian Party
4610:Antisemitism in Romania
4512:Social Democratic Union
4148:Radical Peasants' Party
4118:National Agrarian Party
4057:Socialist Workers Party
4027:Social Democratic Party
3931:Romanian National Party
3720:People's Movement Party
3679:Union of the Ukrainians
3649:Social Democratic Party
3539:Association of Italians
3392:, Vol. I. Cluj-Napoca:
3066:, Vol. VI, 1986, p. 190
2248:, Issue 16, 2014, p. 48
2086:, p. 279; Veiga, p. 201
2004:, Issues 1–2/2016, p. 5
1954:Biblioteca Bucureștilor
1487:set of antisemitic laws
1361:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
1327:Radical Peasants' Party
1269:. Another new recruit,
472:voted in Goga's favor.
245:Partidul Național-Agrar
237:National Agrarian Party
170:Political position
34:Partidul Național-Agrar
31:National Agrarian Party
4615:Anti-communist parties
4497:Right Romania Alliance
4482:National Union PSD+PUR
4350:Union of Romanian Jews
4330:People's Council Party
4179:Crusade of Romanianism
4062:United Socialist Party
3850:National Liberal Party
3845:Liberal Union–Brătianu
3799:Democratic Union Party
3715:Nation People Together
3619:National Liberal Party
3299:. Santa Barbara etc.:
3212:Mezarescu, pp. 316–317
3203:Mezarescu, pp. 314–317
3194:Mezarescu, pp. 312–315
3185:Mezarescu, pp. 314–315
2365:Livezeanu, pp. 230–231
2064:Carandino, pp. 196–197
1475:Dumitru Pavelescu-Dimo
1330:
1281:, while Lupaș lost at
1213:A far-right politico,
1159:Georgist Liberal Party
918:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod
905:
850:allowing women to vote
830:Dumnezeu, Patrie, Rege
810:Nicholas Nagy-Talavera
470:National Liberal Party
383:in late 1933, meeting
369:December 1933 election
244:
197:Dumnezeu, Patrie, Rege
4467:Hungarian German Bloc
4462:Green Ecologist Party
4437:Centre Right Alliance
4265:German People's Party
3987:Peasant Workers' Bloc
3952:Banat Socialist Party
3760:The Right Alternative
3735:Greater Romania Party
3705:Greater Romania Party
2662:, June 27, 1933, p. 5
2626:, Issue 70/1932, p. 4
2204:, Issue 4/2017, p. 32
1897:, Issue 50/1932, p. 1
1796:, July 27, 1935, p. 3
1774:, Issue 14/1933, p. 4
1749:Moldovan, pp. 274–275
1526:Legislative elections
1300:
1203:Hungarian irredentism
1087:, including activist
933:The PNA on minorities
897:
826:national conservative
554:Constantin Iancovescu
269:national conservatism
139:National conservatism
4517:Social Liberal Union
4432:Centre Left Alliance
4386:Party of Free Change
4138:Peasants' Party–Lupu
4113:League Against Usury
4083:Agrarian Union Party
3901:Constitutional Party
3819:United Romania Party
3322:Taylor & Francis
3265:Nationalities Papers
3113:Realitatea Ilustrată
3092:, Issue 7/1935, p. 1
2968:Mezarescu, pp. 74–75
2887:Mezarescu, pp. 64–65
2878:Mezarescu, pp. 65–66
2869:, August 2024, p. 41
2820:Mezarescu, pp. 68–69
2793:, Issue 9/1933, p. 1
2720:Mezarescu, pp. 69–71
2689:Mezarescu, pp. 67–68
2647:Mezarescu, pp. 66–67
2638:Minuț (2001), p. 430
2623:Gazeta Transilvaniei
2611:Minuț (1999), p. 275
2401:Minuț (1999), p. 272
2299:Mezarescu, pp. 61–62
2290:Minuț (2001), p. 429
2257:Minuț (1999), p. 271
2164:, p. 308. Chișinău:
2150:Mezarescu, pp. 59–61
2113:Mezarescu, pp. 62–63
1909:Minuț (1999), p. 274
1894:Gazeta Transilvaniei
1846:Minuț (1999), p. 270
1728:Minuț (1999), p. 273
1693:Mezarescu, pp. 56–57
1675:Minuț (1999), p. 269
1479:League Against Usury
1293:Merger and splinters
1227:Romanian Freemasonry
1154:Gazeta Transilvaniei
920:, over the issue of
838:Constitution of 1923
466:Assembly of Deputies
458:Romanian nationalism
393:Romanian Freemasonry
185:National affiliation
134:Romanian nationalism
4549:Politics of Romania
4366:Ecological Movement
3614:League of Albanians
3167:Butaru, pp. 271–272
2866:Convorbiri Literare
2438:, December 11, 2009
2312:William I. Brustein
2028:Payne, pp. 279, 284
1372:Radical Peasantists
1307:Bessarabian Russian
1301:PNC poster for the
910:class collaboration
891:, and handicrafts.
658:Păstorel Teodoreanu
654:Alexandru Mironescu
570:sector of Bucharest
546:Sebastian Bornemisa
522:parliamentary party
462:Grigore Trancu-Iași
291:members, including
215:Politics of Romania
3891:Conservative Party
3688:Extraparliamentary
3664:Union of Croatians
3659:Union of Armenians
3639:Save Romania Union
3599:Force of the Right
3253:De la o zi la alta
3234:Lucian T. Butaru,
3062:din Botoșani", in
2602:Netea, pp. 250–252
2485:Nemoianu, pp. 6, 7
1943:Netea, pp. 249–250
1446:Scarlat Callimachi
1331:
1319:Lupist Peasantists
1261:, while physician
1163:Lupist Peasantists
1135:, and Valjean for
1109:July 1932 election
984:Ion Zelea Codreanu
959:Mustul care fierbe
906:
834:Mustul care fierbe
590:Cuvântul Poporului
446:Alexandru Averescu
354:Lupist Peasantists
4557:
4556:
4530:
4529:
4492:Red Quadrilateral
4295:Italian Community
4143:Ploughmen's Front
3936:Vlad Țepeș League
3624:Party of the Roma
3514:Political parties
3426:978-606-546-049-2
3402:978-973-726-278-3
3384:978-973-595-971-5
3348:978-606-748-256-0
3257:Cartea Românească
3249:Nicolae Carandino
3244:978-606-526-051-1
3228:Monitorul Oficial
3101:Nemoianu, pp. 6–7
3022:Radu, pp. 583–584
2532:978-973-739-261-9
2466:978-606-37-0460-4
2383:Carandino, p. 196
2178:978-9975-9577-2-4
2055:Livezeanu, p. 218
2046:Mezarescu, p. 114
2019:, 1990, pp. 54–55
1987:978-973-50-3533-4
1932:978-973-27-1828-5
1924:Editura Academiei
1882:Radu, pp. 578–579
1836:978-973-739-261-9
1616:
1615:
1521:Electoral history
1498:1938 Constitution
1374:, as well as the
1207:League of Nations
1093:Calinic Șerboianu
1024:, and journalist
968:elections of 1926
819:Nicolae Carandino
806:Mihail Manoilescu
424:1938 Constitution
350:Georgist Liberals
332:, with echoes of
301:ethnic minorities
233:
232:
220:Political parties
94:Succeeded by
4647:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3526:
3525:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3440:Stanley G. Payne
3388:Lucian Nastasă,
3213:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3150:
3149:Mezarescu, p. 84
3147:
3141:
3140:Mezarescu, p. 81
3138:
3132:
3123:
3117:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3093:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2995:Mezarescu, p. 78
2993:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2950:Mezarescu, p. 71
2948:
2942:
2941:Mezarescu, p. 57
2939:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2923:Mezarescu, p. 68
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2837:
2830:
2821:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2794:
2787:
2781:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2680:Mezarescu, p. 67
2678:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2520:
2514:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2476:Mezarescu, p. 62
2474:
2468:
2456:Mihaela Gligor,
2454:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2426:
2422:
2411:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2309:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2279:
2278:Mezarescu, p. 65
2276:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2132:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1989:
1968:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1824:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1805:Moldovan, p. 306
1803:
1797:
1788:
1775:
1768:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1729:
1726:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1643:
1640:
1608:
1601:
1578:
1571:
1530:
1529:
1515:Armand Călinescu
1442:Nicolae Paulescu
1408:Nichifor Crainic
1400:Internal Affairs
1392:Alfred Rosenberg
1339:Benito Mussolini
1335:Kingdom of Italy
1285:and Nemoianu at
1231:Ștefan Tătărescu
1085:Romani community
1049:Pericle Papahagi
1038:Bosnian Catholic
1026:Henric Streitman
992:Traian Brăileanu
901:Viața Românească
856:in rural areas.
802:Stanley G. Payne
798:Great Depression
772:
757:
742:
731:Henric Streitman
727:
718:
715:
707:
692:
677:
652:and philosopher
418:and centered on
336:and promises of
297:Henric Streitman
255:party active in
45:
26:
25:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4539:Portal:Politics
4526:
4427:Alliance PSD+PC
4410:
4354:
4290:Hungarian Union
4233:Ethnic minority
4228:
4219:Romanian Action
4162:
4133:Peasants' Party
4078:Agrarian League
4066:
4047:Socialist Party
3940:
3874:
3823:
3782:
3779:
3769:
3730:Ecologist Party
3683:
3527:
3520:
3511:
3481:
3433:Sfera Politicii
3407:Virgil Nemoianu
3372:Victor Moldovan
3340:Editura Paideia
3334:Ion Mezarescu,
3314:Irina Livezeanu
3290:Richard S. Levy
3221:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3124:
3120:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:Nastasă, p. 103
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2521:
2517:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2424:
2423:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2310:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2243:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2012:
2008:
1999:
1992:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1901:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1789:
1778:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1528:
1523:
1464:Virgil Nemoianu
1438:
1396:Ion Sân-Giorgiu
1376:Agrarian League
1343:Italian fascism
1315:Nicolae L. Lupu
1295:
1265:was elected at
1101:
1045:Durostor County
963:Greater Romania
935:
865:Romanianization
815:Irina Livezeanu
794:
789:
784:
783:
782:
779:
773:
764:
758:
749:
743:
734:
728:
719:
716:
708:
699:
693:
684:
678:
667:
666:
530:Silviu Dragomir
442:
437:
420:Romanați County
229:
205:
201:
199:
164:
102:
100:
84:Split from
36:
35:
32:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4653:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4224:Romanian Front
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3804:National Party
3801:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3674:Union of Serbs
3671:
3669:Union of Poles
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:S.O.S. Romania
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3604:Hellenic Union
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3480:
3479:
3465:
3462:Anuarul Apulum
3458:
3437:
3428:
3416:Vasile Netea,
3414:
3404:
3386:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3350:
3332:
3311:
3287:
3271:Armin Heinen,
3269:
3260:
3246:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3160:
3158:Nastasă, p. 87
3151:
3142:
3133:
3118:
3103:
3094:
3086:Porunca Vremii
3077:
3068:
3051:
3049:Butaru, p. 102
3042:
3033:
3024:
3015:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2896:Heinen, p. 249
2889:
2880:
2871:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2782:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2740:
2738:Heinen, p. 227
2731:
2722:
2713:
2700:
2698:Heinen, p. 222
2691:
2682:
2673:
2664:
2649:
2640:
2628:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2575:Heinen, p. 153
2568:
2559:
2544:
2535:
2515:
2496:Oliver Schmitt
2487:
2478:
2469:
2449:
2440:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2392:Butaru, p. 271
2385:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2331:
2301:
2292:
2280:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2237:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2190:
2181:
2152:
2143:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2095:Heinen, p. 160
2088:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2006:
1990:
1958:
1945:
1936:
1911:
1899:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1776:
1760:
1758:Heinen, p. 172
1751:
1742:
1740:Nemoianu, p. 6
1730:
1718:
1709:
1707:Heinen, p. 175
1695:
1686:
1677:
1665:
1656:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1437:
1434:
1404:Victor Iamandi
1380:Romanian Front
1323:Grigore Iunian
1294:
1291:
1219:Prime Minister
1199:Little Entente
1129:Pavel Guciujna
1100:
1097:
1015:Bruno Seletzky
999:Aristide Blank
934:
931:
873:Dumitru Topciu
854:social hygiene
793:
790:
788:
785:
781:
780:
774:
767:
765:
759:
752:
750:
746:Dumitru Topciu
744:
737:
735:
729:
722:
720:
709:
702:
700:
694:
687:
685:
679:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
662:
602:Râmnicu Vâlcea
598:Agrarul Vâlcei
498:Weimar Germany
441:
438:
436:
433:
410:The resulting
407:in July 1935.
401:Romanian Front
373:Prime Minister
308:Dumitru Topciu
265:People's Party
231:
230:
228:
227:
222:
217:
211:
208:
207:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
172:
166:
165:
163:
162:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
125:
123:
117:
116:
109:
105:
104:
95:
91:
90:
88:People's Party
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
71:April 10, 1932
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
33:
30:
29:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4652:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:Swabian Group
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3870:Radical Party
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:Parliamentary
3530:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3478:
3477:973-85305-2-0
3474:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:0-203-80956-4
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3394:Editura Limes
3391:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3352:Adolf Minuț,
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3338:. Bucharest:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:0-203-39605-7
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:1-85109-439-3
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:973-50-1158-1
3282:
3278:
3275:. Bucharest:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3255:. Bucharest:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3098:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3072:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3046:
3040:Payne, p. 284
3037:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2932:Clark, p. 113
2929:
2920:
2911:
2905:Veiga, p. 202
2902:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2854:Veiga, p. 134
2851:
2842:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2762:
2753:
2747:Veiga, p. 201
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2710:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2566:Varga, p. 631
2563:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2512:1-4438-9383-8
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:(in Romanian)
2421:
2419:
2417:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2328:0-521-77478-0
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2263:
2254:
2247:
2241:
2234:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2085:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2037:Heinen, p. 18
2034:
2025:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1949:
1940:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1906:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1811:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1713:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1660:
1654:Netea, p. 249
1651:
1649:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1491:Gheorghe Cuza
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:Horia Furtună
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:Star of David
1308:
1304:
1299:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:Vasile Goldiș
1268:
1264:
1263:Gheorghe Banu
1260:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1141:Năsăud County
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
939:Magyarization
930:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:Tutova County
911:
903:
902:
896:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:credit unions
874:
870:
869:external debt
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
777:
771:
766:
762:
756:
751:
747:
741:
736:
732:
726:
721:
712:
706:
701:
697:
691:
686:
682:
681:Octavian Goga
676:
671:
670:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:Tilică Ioanid
631:
628:, both named
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:Stan Ghițescu
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
514:
513:Ion Petrovici
509:
508:came second.
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
451:
447:
432:
430:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
313:
309:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Germanophilia
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:Octavian Goga
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
209:
204:
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
171:
167:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
124:
122:
118:
115:
114:
110:
106:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:July 14, 1935
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
62:Octavian Goga
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
27:
19:
4315:Magyar Party
4310:Jewish Party
4260:German Party
4174:Citizen Bloc
4117:
3879:Conservative
3765:Volt Romania
3745:Noua Dreaptă
3468:
3461:
3443:
3431:
3417:
3410:
3389:
3375:
3363:
3356:
3335:
3317:
3296:
3292:
3272:
3263:
3252:
3235:
3226:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3126:
3121:
3111:
3106:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3045:
3036:
3027:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2864:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2833:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2775:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2708:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2643:
2621:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2552:
2547:
2538:
2523:
2518:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2457:
2452:
2443:
2435:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2315:
2295:
2262:
2253:
2245:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2201:
2184:
2161:
2155:
2146:
2138:
2135:Al. Gherghel
2118:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2083:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2014:
2009:
2001:
1974:
1953:
1948:
1939:
1919:
1914:
1892:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1864:Radu, p. 578
1860:
1851:
1842:
1827:
1810:
1801:
1791:
1771:
1754:
1745:
1712:
1689:
1680:
1659:
1638:
1506:
1495:
1468:
1449:
1439:
1436:Later echoes
1418:
1411:
1388:
1368:Al. Gherghel
1365:
1354:
1351:
1332:
1255:
1223:anti-Masonry
1212:
1201:and against
1195:Nazi Germany
1184:
1152:
1149:
1105:Citizen Bloc
1102:
1042:
1034:Black Sector
1030:Iosif Brucăr
1022:assimilation
1019:
1011:Škoda Affair
1009:during the "
996:
958:
951:Țara Noastră
950:
947:Cisleithania
936:
907:
899:
860:
858:
833:
829:
823:
795:
711:Leon Scridon
638:Virgil Molin
629:
613:
606:Cârma Vremii
605:
597:
589:
577:Țara Noastră
575:
574:
566:Ilfov County
538:Transylvania
526:Leon Scridon
515:, alongside
510:
506:Adolf Hitler
490:Caraș County
474:
454:
450:scissiparity
443:
409:
385:Adolf Hitler
377:Nazi Germany
366:
362:Transylvania
330:smallholders
319:
277:antisemitism
248:
236:
234:
202:
196:
149:Antisemitism
113:Țara Noastră
111:
50:Abbreviation
4585:Corporatism
3972:Labor Party
3886:Civic Force
3787:Nationalist
3725:PRO Romania
3710:Green Party
3088:scrie", in
2428:G. Brătescu
1971:Lucian Boia
1473:, sculptor
1215:Nae Ionescu
1185:Before the
1179:Ion G. Duca
1175:Iuliu Maniu
1113:Sergiu Niță
1003:Ion Gigurtu
970:, Goga, as
943:Karl Lueger
922:debt relief
889:sericulture
840:, reducing
776:Tudor Vianu
717: 1930
696:Sergiu Niță
665:PNA figures
650:Sandu Tudor
646:Tudor Vianu
630:Brazda Nouă
504:, in which
338:debt relief
293:Tudor Vianu
154:Corporatism
129:Agrarianism
4564:Categories
4184:Iron Guard
3446:. London:
3219:References
1539:Percentage
1426:Aryan race
1384:Aurel Vlad
1251:Storojineț
1243:Bessarabia
1171:Târgoviște
1117:Eugen Goga
1061:Aromanians
1057:Bulgarians
1051:, counted
976:A. C. Cuza
955:Iron Guard
842:Parliament
534:Ioan Lupaș
494:Nazi Party
397:Iron Guard
346:Parliament
273:monarchism
175:Right-wing
161:(disputed)
144:Monarchism
4415:Alliances
4167:Far-right
3945:Left-wing
3450:, 2003.
3448:Routledge
3411:Euphorion
3396:, 2007.
3342:, 2018.
3303:, 2005.
3279:, 2006.
3277:Humanitas
2506:, 2017.
2322:, 2003.
2172:, 2013.
1981:, 2012.
1979:Humanitas
1926:, 2009.
1552:Position
1125:Teleorman
1081:Ukrainian
988:Valer Pop
881:dirigisme
626:Constanța
582:Ion Gorun
550:Bucharest
486:Mehedinți
440:Emergence
389:far-right
358:Bucharest
334:dirigisme
225:Elections
179:far-right
108:Newspaper
76:Dissolved
58:President
4522:USR PLUS
4071:Agrarian
3324:, 2003.
3301:ABC-CLIO
3128:Viitorul
3084:"Ziarul
3064:Hierasus
3060:Clopotul
2791:Crez Nou
2777:Adevărul
2659:Adevĕrul
2554:Cuvântul
2498:(eds.),
1793:Curentul
1619:See also
1592:121,748
1562:108,857
1533:Election
1451:Curentul
1413:Lăncieri
1356:Nicadori
1325:(of the
1317:(of the
1267:Ialomița
1161:and the
1137:Romanați
1077:Bukovina
1007:grafting
926:communes
885:pomology
787:Platform
614:Chemarea
540:and the
399:and the
352:and the
326:Carol II
310:and the
253:agrarian
241:Romanian
121:Ideology
3828:Liberal
3780:Defunct
3518:Romania
3418:Memorii
3259:, 1979.
3090:Înainte
1607:0 / 108
1600:9 / 387
1577:0 / 113
1570:8 / 387
1543:Chamber
1460:Britain
1347:Marxism
1287:Severin
1259:Tighina
1233:of the
1167:Caracal
1071:in the
904:in 1933
778:in 1926
763:in 1935
748:in 1940
733:in 1938
698:in 1926
683:in 1938
642:Craiova
435:History
285:fascism
257:Romania
159:Fascism
68:Founded
3475:
3454:
3424:
3400:
3382:
3346:
3328:
3307:
3293:et al.
3283:
3242:
2834:passim
2530:
2510:
2464:
2326:
2176:
2168:&
2084:et al.
1985:
1930:
1834:
1548:Senate
1456:France
1430:Dacian
1321:) and
1239:Berlin
1073:Budjak
1065:Gagauz
990:, and
622:Brăila
618:Vaslui
484:, and
381:Berlin
312:Romani
305:Gagauz
289:Jewish
279:, and
193:Slogan
4359:Other
2434:, in
2139:Farul
2082:Levy
1772:Farul
1631:Notes
1536:Votes
1283:Sibiu
1247:Cahul
1133:Orhei
1121:Mureș
1069:Tomai
1067:from
1053:Turks
957:. In
594:Sibiu
586:Buzău
542:Banat
478:Argeș
3473:ISBN
3452:ISBN
3422:ISBN
3398:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3344:ISBN
3326:ISBN
3305:ISBN
3281:ISBN
3240:ISBN
2528:ISBN
2508:ISBN
2462:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2174:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1832:ISBN
1612:6th
1595:4.2
1588:1933
1582:7th
1565:3.8
1558:1932
1458:and
1279:Baia
1275:Arad
1145:Deda
1131:for
1059:and
624:and
612:and
610:Iași
532:and
482:Cluj
360:and
322:King
295:and
235:The
3516:in
978:'s
616:of
608:of
496:in
247:or
177:to
53:PNA
4566::
3442:,
3374:,
3295:,
3251:,
2825:^
2631:^
2430:,
2415:^
2314:,
2304:^
2283:^
2271:^
2193:^
2127:^
1993:^
1973:,
1961:^
1902:^
1819:^
1779:^
1763:^
1733:^
1721:^
1698:^
1668:^
1647:^
1402:,
1386:.
1253:.
1189:,
1147:.
1127:,
1055:,
994:.
986:,
945:,
887:,
714:c.
604:;
596:;
556:,
544::
528:,
480:,
431:.
364:.
324:,
317:.
275:,
271:,
243::
3506:e
3499:t
3492:v
1329:)
239:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)